POLICARPIO, Myka Ann P.

APRIL 28, 2022

CE168P-2/E01 PROFESSOR: ENGR. ELMER CIVIL

LESSON SELF ASSESSMENT REPORT

FORMWORKS

• Install as fast as you can

• Use as many as possible
- Formworks are expensive, utilize it good.
- Can be used 6-8 times
• The materials when working on/making formworks should be complete
- To make the work efficient
- To be Safe; no workers will be in an accident
• Check the pouring activity of the workers before removing the formworks
- To make sure that the concrete in formworks is vibrated enough to avoid having honeycomb
outcome
- It doesn’t have bumps in the cement
• Malaysia
- Aluminum form works – light, can be lift by females
• Engineers’ income could come in the formworks

• Sometimes, In the desire of the engineer to save and have income in the project, the materials
he was purchasing is low and the quality of the structure become so low that it become prone to
damages
• Tipid-loko

MATERIALS:

• Scaffolding – assemble and design its placement thoroughly so that it will not fall off when in
use; good working designed formworks = durable
- A-Frame – (Japanese) light – Asian countries
- End frame – it is joint, used, and placed above
- Cross brace – it is the lock in the scaffolding so that it will not move
- Coupling/joint pin – used as a joining material to other scaffolding
• Aluma Beams – reusable, durable than wood, lightweight but expensive
• A-clamp – beam clamp, has different sizes
• Progress Billing:
- No work, no pay
POLICARPIO, Myka Ann P. APRIL 28, 2022
CE168P-2/E01 PROFESSOR: ENGR. ELMER CIVIL

- Breakdown of the contract

• Acrow Prop & Shoring Jack
- Used to support the formworks or a structure
- They are similar in terms of usage, but shoring jack is heavier and 4x the diameter than
Acrow prop
• Phenolic wood – 14:8 ft, expensive than ordinary plywood, 6-8 usage

MASONRY

Tiling Works – the marking on the floor will help the tiller/worker to distinguish and to avoid the
utilities and parts of the floor that should be avoided.

Dowel Bar - help transfer load but allow adjacent slabs to expand and contract independent of one
another.

• Two types of placements of CHB

- Alternating (usual type of placing), more durable
- Stock bond
- 6 layers of chb are only allowed for a day
• CHB LAYING – STYRO
- placed between two structres or walls to avoid cracking of the walls and break
- cement in the chb should be 1 cm, mortar joints are 3m every chb.
• CHB LAYING – Preparation for Plastering
- Guides are important (tansi and hulog) to know how thick the plaster will be on every wall.
- scratch coat are needed when applying for plastering for the cement to hold on the wall
• PUNCHLIST
- This is the placing of mold/engraving on the walls for the pvc pipes for water or electric
lines, so that it is placed and hidden inside the walls and not be seen outside

CONCRETING

• Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water and placement due to chemical process
known as hydration.
POLICARPIO, Myka Ann P. APRIL 28, 2022
CE168P-2/E01 PROFESSOR: ENGR. ELMER CIVIL

• There are 3 types of concrete mixer

- One-bagger mixer – used on a residential construction site
- Two-bagger mixer – used on a small or big scale construction site, if they need to pour some
cement in a small portion of the construction, this will do.
- Transit mixer – mainly used for large scale constructions since they need a large amount of
concrete in a day

• Batching plant
- This is where the materials in concrete make.
- You can also see here the different equipment used in the construction like trucks
- The batching plant has operator to check and operate the production of te materials in
concrete
- There are different types of tanks used in storing different admixtures
- Batching plant is also a stockpile for the materials needed in the site

• Slump test
- measures the consistency or workability of concrete. It is used to check the workability of
freshly made concrete for the easy placement of concrete. This test indicates the water-
cement ratio and the properties of materials and admixture etc.
• Large scale concreting
- crane and buckets are used when the workers need to pour into the high part of the site
which is unreachable to the mixer, it's also more convenient.
- Mobile pumpcrete has a crane attached to the truck and can move depending on which part
of the building needs to be poured
- Stationary pumpcrete is fixed, it uses pipes to reach the area that needs to be poured by
cement
POLICARPIO, Myka Ann P. APRIL 28, 2022
CE168P-2/E01 PROFESSOR: ENGR. ELMER CIVIL

• Concrete defects
- Cold joint
- Honeycomb – (ampaw) happens when the concrete poured is not vibrated enough
- Crazing/hairline cracks
- Blister/bleeding
-
• Retrofitting
- In retrofitting, you can also use carbon fiber, it is used by sticking it t the beams, expensive.

WATERPROOFING

• Waterproofing is done to make the part of the house waterproof and do not leak inside the
house.
• Waterproofing is one of the fastest but most critical jobs in the site
• Leaks are hard to find

• Different types of waterproofing

- LIQUID APPLIED MEMBRANE – Used outside (external), roofs, plant boxes, landscapes. It
also has different variation depends on where are you going to put it
- FLEXIBLE CEMENTITIOUS – balcony, pools, and cr.
- CRYSTALLINE / CAPILLARY WATERPROOFING –elevator, sump, cistern pits

• Waterproofing preparation
- clean the area that need to be waterproof (vacuum), there should be no dust.
POLICARPIO, Myka Ann P. APRIL 28, 2022
CE168P-2/E01 PROFESSOR: ENGR. ELMER CIVIL

- Floor should be smoothened

- Next is the watertightness where they check the possible and initial cracks the area has

- the cracks that appeared in water tightness are be filled with epoxy, it is also placed in the
electricity pipes

- placement of sealant and water plugs to the corners and drains

- mixing of waterproofing ingredients in the bucket, the mixing time of the waterproofing
depends in the recommendation of the manufacturer
- application of waterproofing has initial and second coating

- pull-off test is needed after the application of the water proofing to check how adhesive and
cohesive and how thick it is.
- Flood tests are also need to be executed once the coating is finished to check if there are
leaks
POLICARPIO, Myka Ann P. APRIL 28, 2022
CE168P-2/E01 PROFESSOR: ENGR. ELMER CIVIL

- Sand broadcasting are distributed to the floor usually before the waterproofing has finally
set to make the cement stick to the floor. The waterproofing makes the floor smooth.

- Post applications are conducted when there are areas that needs to be waterproof, or it is
inadequate. There should be no gaps, all should be coated. Pipes should also be coated with
a high of 50mm and walls should be 2-3 m.

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

“Construction is a game of sequence”

• Know the desired sequence

• Out of sequence work is expensive and time consuming

• MASONRY
- There should be allotted time every activity
- Exact people every type of work. More efficient than having many. hard to supervised
- Construction is not for everyone
- Wet works- chb layering, plastering
• Finishing
- Doors, hardware, painting
- Dry works
- The building should be water type (already waterproofed), has windows
• Bare unit
- No fixtures, water closets
- No equipment/utilities that are easily robbed or broken
• TOG (Turnover Group)
• Wet works
- Stripping of formworks
- Rubbed concrete – fixing the honeycombs (if there’s any), any imperfections in the beams
and columns
- Box setting
▪ For panel boards
▪ Zocalo – for water proofing, 1 inch thinner than chb, flushing, expensive
- Plumbing/ sanitary
POLICARPIO, Myka Ann P. APRIL 28, 2022
CE168P-2/E01 PROFESSOR: ENGR. ELMER CIVIL

o T&B has ceilings

o Don’t need to smoothen the slab
- Waterline
o Every line fixed/joined, should be tested
o Shower valve should be centered
- Punch listing
- Skim-coat – making the surface look equal, cheaper than the paint
• DRYWORKS

- ceiling frame for bathrooms

- sealants are place in the corners to not produce a foul smell
- ficem board - waterproof
- box setting – should be in equal height