ECP-201 Egyptian Code for Loads

Prepared By
Eng: Mohamed Ismail Kotb
Email: m.ismailkotb@gmial.com
Tel: 01121549164

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Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb
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 CODE Chapters
Chapter 2 Chapter 7
Chapter 1 Chapters 3 & 4 Chapters 5 & 6 Chapters 8, 9 & 10
Definitions Wind
Overview Loads on Buildings Loads on Bridges Seismic Loads
Loads

Dead Live Roadway Railway

Buildings Bridges Tanks
Loads Loads Bridges Bridges
Ch-8 Ch-9 Ch-10
ch-3 ch-4 Ch-5 Ch-6

Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb

Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb
Chapter(2) Outlines

Definitions of Loads

Load Combinations Concepts

Load Combinations

Resistance Concepts

LRFD Method

Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb

Load Combinations Concepts

Structure Load
Magnitude Load Factors
Safety Combinations

Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb

Load Combinations Concepts

 Structures and structural members must always be designed

to carry some reserve load above what is expected under
normal use.
 There are three main reasons why some sort of safety factor
is necessary in structural design.
[1] Variability in resistance.
[2] Variability in loading.
[3] Consequences of failure

Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb

Load Combinations Concepts

 The minimum design loads for buildings and other structures are specified
by the applicable codes, as EPC-201

 Load factors are used to increase the magnitude of the calculated loads to
account for the uncertainties involved in estimating the magnitude of different
loads as, dead, live, wind and earthquake loads.
 Load factors are different according to the load nature, and its applied
period.
For Example, dead load factor = 1.4
Live load factor = 1.6
Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb
Load Combinations Concepts

 Different types of loads can be combined since it can be applied

simultaneously, however they may not be with the same magnitudes
and factors.
 For example, it is very rarely that the structure will be subjected to the
total factored dead and live loads at the same instant the factored wind
load or the earthquake loads will be maximum.
 The load combinations ((ECP) are used to investigate the critical
combination of factored loads (ultimate loads = Pu, Mu, Qu) or
unfactored loads (Working loads = Pw, Mw, Qw).

Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb

Load Combinations

Allowable Stress Design(ASD) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

 focuses on conditions at service loads  based on limit state philosophy. It focuses on

conditions at loads greater than the service
 stresses at combined service loads ≤ Allowable
loads when failure is close to happen
stresses
 factored resistance ≥ sum of factored load effects
𝑹𝒏
 𝑸𝒊 ≤  ∅𝑹𝒏 ≥ σ ∝𝒊 𝑸𝒊
𝜸
Qi: load effect ø: resistance factor
Rn: nominal resistance Rn: nominal resistance
𝜸 : factor of safety α: load factors
 ‫يتم التصميم عن طريق األحمال الحقيقية مع‬ Qi: load effect
‫تقليل اإلجهادات المسموح بها‬
 ‫يتم زيادة األحمال الحقيقية مع تقليل اإلجهادات‬
 For Example DL+LL in steel tension ‫المسموح بها‬
𝑹𝒏 𝒇𝒚
Use = = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟖𝒇𝒚  For Example 1.2DL+1.6LL in steel tension
𝜸 𝟏.𝟕
Use ∅𝑹𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒚 Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb
Load Combinations

Allowable Stress Design(ASD) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

 Check stability limit states of structure  Check Ultimate strength limit states
1- overall Buckling,
to ensure that no failure occurs when the
2- Overturning,
structure members reach ultimate strength
3- Uplift,
4- Sliding against factored loads
5- Soil pressure
 Check Serviceability limit states
1-Deformation
2- Deflection
 Check Cracking limit states

Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb

Load Combinations
Working Combinations Ultimate Combinations
Allowable Stress Design(ASD) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

 Load combinations for (ASD) design;  Load combinations for (LRFD) design;
(1) D+L (1) 1.4 D
(2) D + L ± W (2) 1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.5 Lr
∝𝐿 𝐸 (3) 1.2 D + 1.6 Lr + (0.5 L or 0.8 W)
(3) D + ±
1.2 1.4
(4) 1.2 D + 1.3 W + 0.5 L + 0.5 Lr
(4) 0.9D
(5) 1.2 D ± E + 0.5 L
(5) 0.9D ± W
𝐸 (6) 0.9 D ± (1.3 W or E)
(6) 0.9D±
1.4  Where, D = dead load, L= live load,
Lr= roof live load, W= wind load,
Building ∝= 0.25
E=earthquake load.
Garages, Public structures ∝= 0.5
 For garages and all Area where the live load greater
than 500kg/m2 , the load factor in L in combination
Storage areas(tanks, silos) ∝= 1 (3, 4 & 5) shall be equal 1 in stead of 0.5 (ECP205)

Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb

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Eng. Mohamed Ismail Kotb