CSE3072-

Computer Applications in
Engineering Design

Dr. Waqas Ashraf

shwaqas88@gmail.com

National Textile University

What is a “Design” ???
▪Three basic needs: Give rise to three industries
▪ Food: Agriculture
▪ Cloth: Textile
▪ Shelter: Civil

Design Comprises of
▪Idea
▪ To fulfill a need

▪Implementation
▪ Translating that idea into real world

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What is a “Design” ???
▪Formally:
• A specifications of an object, manifested by an agent,
• Intended to accomplish goals, in a particular environment,
• Using a set of primitive components,
• Satisfying a set of requirements, subject to some
constraints

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What is a “Design” ???

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Engineering Design
▪The systematic and creative application of scientific and
mathematical principles to practical ends

▪ The design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and

economical structures, machines, processes, and systems

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 Engineering Design Process

Identify the
Testing
Problem

•Series of steps
•Iterative process Prototype Creative
Development Process

Analytical
Process

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Engineering Design
▪Real World Problem
▪ Extracting a coherent appreciation of need or function
▪ From a fuzzy mix of facts and myths
▪ Result from an initial ill-posed problem

▪Creative process:
▪ Multiple design solution
▪ Evaluated and selected into a set of a few workable solutions

▪Analytical process:
▪ Functionality, strength and reliability, feasible manufacturing,
cost, environmental impact

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Engineering Design
▪Prototype development
▪ Develop a prototype
▪ Real world representation of the design object
▪ Simulation Software

▪Testing:
▪ Checking design through physical evaluation
▪ Under actual loading condition’s
▪ Change the design according to the test results

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Computer
▪A computer is a general-purpose device that can
be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical
operations automatically.
▪Consists of
▪ CPU
▪ Memory RAM
▪ Hard Drive
▪ Input devices (Keyboard, mouse)
▪ Output Devices (Monitors, LCD)

▪Evolution of Computer
▪ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computing

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Computer Application
▪Program/ Software/ Application
▪ Set of instructions in machine language
▪ To perform a set of tasks

▪ MS Office, Chrome, Adobe, Media Players, Skype…..

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Computer Applications in
Engineering Design
▪How Computer Applications aid in engineering design
process???
▪ Man-man team
▪ A man-machine team

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Computer Applications in
Engineering Design
▪Conceptualization
▪ Still fall within the domain of a human
designer
▪ Computer’s don’t have the “qualitative
thought” capacity
▪ Search, learning and intelligence
▪ Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning
▪ Help humans, required information available

▪Information storage and retrieval

▪ Performed very efficiently by a computer
▪ excellent capability to store and handle data

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Computer Applications in
Engineering Design
▪Analytical power
▪ Computer has far beyond analytical capability than
humans.
▪ But it’s the humans that;
▪ instruct the computers, via codes or software,
▪ the requisite mathematical models.
▪ to carry the analytical tasks

▪Design iteration
▪ Improvement in design can be performed by a computer very
efficiently,
▪ after the designer has off loaded his conception of a product
▪ optimization can also be performed
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Computer Applications in
Engineering Design
▪Prototyping
▪ Optimized design
can be checked
for its Real-world
Performance,
under actual
circumstances
▪ Simulations
▪ Optitex, simulation
software
▪ http://www.optitex
.com/en

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Computer Aided
Engineering, CAE
▪Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is the broad usage of
computer software to aid in engineering tasks.
Design

Computer
Management Aided Manufacturing
Engineering

Rendering

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Computer Computer Aided Design
Applications Design
in Finite element analysis
engineering
design
Computer Aided Manufacturing
Manufacturing Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Computer Numeric Control

Photo Realistic
Rendering 3D Model

Simulations

Product Data Management

Management Material Requirement Planning
Enterprise resource solution
Customer Relationship management

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 Computer Aided Technologies
Computer-aided design (CAD), Computer numerical controlled (CNC),

Computer-aided architectural design (CAAD), Computational fluid dynamics (CFD),

Computer-aided design and drafting (CADD), Electronic design automation (EDA),

Computer-aided process planning (CAPP), Enterprise resource planning (ERP),

Computer-aided quality assurance (CAQ), Finite element analysis (FEA),

Computer-aided reporting (CAR), Knowledge-based engineering (KBE),

Computer aided requirements capture (CAR), Manufacturing process management (MPM),

Computer-aided rule definition (CARD), Manufacturing process planning (MPP),

Computer-aided rule execution (CARE), Material requirements planning (MRP),

Computer aided software engineering (CASE), Product data management (PDM),

Component information system (CIS), Product lifecycle management (PLM),

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), Computer-aided manufacture (CAM)

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Advantage’s of using Computer
Aided Technology(CAD)
▪Increase in productivity
▪Error free
▪Time saving
▪Cost saving
▪Recourses better utilization
▪Ease of manufacturing
▪Easy Documentation

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Computer Aided
Engineering, CAE
▪CAE areas covered include:
▪ Stress analysis on components and assemblies using
FEA (Finite Element Analysis);
▪ Thermal and fluid flow analysis Computational fluid
dynamics (CFD);
▪ Kinematics;
▪ Mechanical event simulation (MES).
▪ Analysis tools for process simulation for operations
such as casting, molding, and die press forming.
▪ Optimization of the product or process.

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What is CAD?
▪Software used in art, architecture, engineering and
manufacturing to assist in precision drawing.
▪Digital drafting tools for engineering, architectural,
facilities management, and graphic design applications.

▪Computer-aided design (CAD), also known as

computer-aided drafting and design (CADD),
▪ Is the use of computer technology for the process of
design and design-documentation.

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What is CAD?
▪The process of drafting with a computer
▪It help streamline the design process, i.e.
▪ drafting,
▪ documentation,
▪ and manufacturing processes

▪CADD output is often in the form of electronic files

for print or machining operations.

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CAD Dimensions
▪Design
▪ Geometric modeling, i.e., 2-D and 3-D
▪ drafting,
▪ creation of drawings with various views of the parts

▪Analysis
▪ finite element analysis,
▪ optimization,
▪ geometric model is analyzed for loads, stresses, moment of
inertia, and volume, etc.

▪Visualization
▪ computer graphics, which includes: representing a model,
creation of pie charts, contour plots, shading a model, sizing,
animation, etc.
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Purpose of CAD
▪CAD environments often involve more than just
shapes.
▪As in the manual drafting of technical and
engineering drawings, the output of CAD must convey
information, such as
▪ materials,
▪ processes,
▪ dimensions
▪ and tolerances according to applications specific
conventions.

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Purpose of CAD
▪CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-
dimensional (2D) space; or curves, surfaces, and solids in
three-dimensional (3D) objects.
▪CAD is an important industrial art extensively used in
many applications including:
▪ Automotive,
▪ Shipbuilding, and aerospace industries,
▪ Industrial and architectural design,
▪ Prosthetics, and many more.

▪CAD is also widely used to produce computer

animation for special effects in movies, advertising
and technical manuals.
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What is CAM?
▪Computer-aided manufacturing is the use of computer
software to control machine tools and related machinery
in the manufacturing of work pieces.
▪Its primary purpose is to create
▪ a faster production process and
▪ Components tooling with more
▪ precise dimensions
▪ and material consistency,
▪ which in turn, minimizing waste,
▪ By using only the required amount of raw material
▪ while simultaneously reducing energy consumption.

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CAM Dimensions
▪CAM is a subsequent process after CAD
▪the model generated in CAD and
verified in CAE is input into CAM
software,
▪ which then controls the machine tool.

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What is CNC?
▪Numerical control (NC)
▪ is the automation of machine tools that are operated by abstractly
programmed commands encoded on a storage medium,
▪ as opposed to manually controlled via hand wheels or levers, or
mechanically automated via cams alone.
▪ The first NC machines were built in the 1940s and '50s, based on
existing tools that were modified with motors that moved the
controls to follow points fed into the system on punched tape.
▪ These early servomechanisms were rapidly augmented with
analog and digital computers, creating the modern computer
numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools that have
revolutionized the manufacturing process.

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CNC
▪In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design is highly
automated using CAD/CAM programs.
▪The programs produce a computer file that is interpreted to extract the
commands needed to operate a particular machine via a postprocessor,
and then loaded into the CNC machines for production.
▪Since any particular component might require the use of a number of
different tools—drills, saws, etc.—modern machines often
combine multiple tools into a single "cell".
▪In other cases, a number of different machines are used with an external
controller and human or robotic operators that move the
component from machine to machine.
▪In either case, the complex series of steps needed to produce any part is
highly automated and produces a part that closely matches the original
CAD design.

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What is CIM?
▪Computer-integrated manufacturing is the manufacturing
approach of using computers to control the entire production
process.
▪This integration allows individual processes to exchange
information with each other and initiate actions.
▪Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be
faster and less error-prone, although the main advantage is
the ability to create automated manufacturing processes.
▪Typically CIM relies on closed-loop control processes, based
on real-time input from sensors. It is also known as flexible
design and manufacturing.

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What is MRP?
▪Material requirements planning is a production
planning and inventory control system used to manage
manufacturing processes.
▪Most MRP systems are software-based, while it is
possible to conduct MRP by hand as well.
▪An MRP system is intended to simultaneously meet three
objectives:
1. Ensure materials and products are available for production
and delivery to customers.
2. Maintain the lowest possible level of inventory.
3. Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and
purchasing activities.

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