P19ED201 Research Methodology and IPR

(Regulations 2019)
Answer ALL Questions
Part A (10 X 2 = 20 Marks)

1. List the criteria of a good research.

Criteria of Good Research:
1. The purpose of the research should be clearly defined and common concepts be
used.
2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit
another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement, keeping the
continuity of what has already been attained.
3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results
that areas objective as possible.
4. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural design
and estimate their effects upon the findings.
5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and the
methods of analysis used should be appropriate. The validity and reliability of the data
should be checked carefully.
6. Conclusions should be confined to those justified by the data of the research and
limited to those for which the data provide an adequate basis.
7. Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a
good reputation in research and is a person of integrity.

2. What are the objectives of Research Problem?

(i) Statement of the problem in a general way
(ii) Understanding the nature of the problem
(iii) Surveying the available literature
(iv) Developing the ideas through discussions and
(v) Rephrasing the research problem into a working proposition.

3. Define literature review.

A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an
overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and
gaps in the existing research.
Writing a literature review involves finding relevant publications (such as books and
journal articles), critically analyzing them, and explaining what you found.

There are five key steps:

• Search for relevant literature
• Evaluate sources
• Identify themes, debates and gaps
• Outline the structure
• Write your literature review
4. Outline ethical research.
Ethical Research provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research. In
addition, it educates and monitors scientists conducting research to ensure a high
ethical standard.

5. Identify the three precautions for writing research report.

1. Length of the report: While determining the length of the report (since  research
reports vary greatly in length), one should keep in view the fact that it should be long
enough to cover the subject but short enough to maintain interest. In fact, report
writing should not be a means to learning more and more about less and less.
2. Interesting: A research report should not, if this can be availed, be dull, it should be
such as to sustain reader's interest.
3. Use of abstract terminology and Jargon: Abstract terminology and technical Jargon
should be avoided in research report. The report should be able to convey the matter
as simply as possible. This in other words, means that report should be written in and
objective style in simple language, avoiding, expression such as, "it seems", "There
may be" and the like.
4. Presentation of the findings: Readers are often interested in acquiring a quick
knowledge of the main findings and as such the report must provide a ready
availability of the findings. for this purpose, charts, graphs and the statistical tables
may be used for the various results in the main report in addition to the summary of
important findings.
5. Presentation of the report: The layout of the report should be well though out and
must be appropriate and in accordance with objective of the research problems.
6. Writing of the Report: The reports should be free from grammatical mistakes and
must be prepared strictly in accordance with the techniques of composition footnotes,
documentation, proper punctuation and use of abbreviations in footnotes.
7. Logical presentation of the report: The report must present the logical analysis of
the subject matter. it must reflect a structure wherein the different pieces of analysis
relating to the research problem fit well.
8. Originality in writing report: A research report should show originality and should
necessarily be an attempt to solve some intellectual problem. it must contribute to the
solution of a problem and must add to the store of knowledge.
9. Plan for future research and implications: Towards the end, the report must also
state the policy implications relating to the problem under consideration. It is usually
considered desirable if the report makes a forecast of the probable future of the
subject concerned and indicates the kinds of research still needs to be done in that
particular field.
10. Appendices: Appendices should be enlisted in respect of all the technical data in the
report.
11. Bibliography: Bibliography of sources consulted is a must for a good report and must
necessarily be given.
12. Index: Index is also considered an essential part of a good report and as such must
be prepared and appended at the end.
 13. Appearance: Report must be attractive in appearance, neat and clean, whether types
or printed.
14. Stating confidence limits: Calculated confidence limits must be mentioned and the
various constraints experienced in conducting the research study may also be stated
in the report.
15. Introduction: Objective of the study, the nature of the problem, the methods
employed and the analysis techniques adopted must all be clearly stated in the
beginning of the report in the form of introduction.

6. Define technical report.

A technical report is a document that describes the process, progress, or results of
technical or scientific research or the state of a technical or scientific research problem.
It might also include recommendations and conclusions of the research. Unlike other
scientific literature, such as scientific journals and the proceedings of some academic
conferences, technical reports rarely undergo comprehensive independent peer review
before publication. They may be considered as grey literature. Where there is a review
process, it is often limited to within the originating organization.

7. Define trademark.
A trademark is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign,
design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from
those of others, although trademarks used to identify services are usually called service
marks.

8. List the types of patent.

Three types of patents available:
 Utility patents,
 Design patents and
 Plant patents.
Each has its own specifications and durations.

9. Infer geographical indications.

A geographical indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific
geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin. In
order to function as a GI, a sign must identify a product as originating in a given place.

10. Recall the advantages about trade secrets law

 Trade secrets can cover “abstract ideas”.
 Trade secret protection can last indefinitely.
 Trade secret protection is comparatively cheap and easy to obtain.
 Obtaining a trade secret can create an aura of mystique.
 Part B (5 X 16 = 80 Marks)

11. Elaborate on common errors committed by researchers in selecting the research

problem.

Explain in detailed account on various approaches adopted by researchers in

solving problems stated by them.

(Or)
Analyze the various sources of primary and secondary data?. Discuss data
collection and data analysis in the context of research.

Define the research problem? State the components of a research problem.

Research Problem:
The first and foremost stage in the research process is to select and properly define the
research problem. A researcher should first identify a problem and formulate it, so as to
make it amenable or susceptible to research. In general, a research problem refers to
an unanswered question that a researcher might encounter in the context of either a
theoretical or practical situation, which he/she would like to answer or find a solution to.
A research problem is generally said to exist if the following conditions emerge
(Kothari, 1988):
i. There should be an individual or an organization, say X, to whom the Problem can be
attributed. The individual or the organization is situated in an environment Y, which is
governed by certain uncontrolled variables Z
ii. There should be at least two courses of action to be pursued, say A1 and A2. These
courses of action are defined by one or more values of the controlled variables. For
example, the number of items purchased at a specified time is said to be one course of
action.
iii. There should be at least two alternative possible outcomes of the said courses of
action, say B1 and B2. Of them, one alternative should be preferable to the other. That
is, at least one outcome should be what the researcher wants, which becomes an
objective.
iv. The courses of possible action available must offer a chance to the researcher to
achieve the objective, but not the equal chance. Therefore, if P(Bj / X, A, Y) 10
represents the probability of the occurrence of an outcome Bj when X selects Aj in Y,
then P(B1 / X, A1,Y) ≠ P (B1 / X, A2, Y). Putting it in simple words, it means that the
choices must not have equal efficiencies for the desired outcome.

12. A) (i) Evaluate the effective literature studies approaches.

 (ii) What is ethics in research and why is it important?
(Or)
(B) List and explain the types of plagiarism and ethical standard of research.

13. A) (i) Explain the significance of a research report and narrate the various
steps involved in writing a report.
(ii) Discuss the characteristics of a good research report.
(Or)
B) (i) Write the different types of reports, particularly pointing out the
difference between a technical report and a popular report.
(ii) Write shot notes on issues in the presentation of a report.

14. A) Explain about different types of Intellectual property and brief about why
agencies are responsible for Intellectual Property registration with
example.
(Or)
B) (i) Relate the requirements or precautions to be taken for a good trade mark.
(ii) With a neat sketch explain the procedure for grants of patents.

15. A) (i) What are the new developments in IPR?

(ii) What types of inventions are not patentable in India?
(Or)
B) Explain about the Licensing and transfer of technology.