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Advanced Study in Power System Analysis: Prof - Dr. Mohamed Shebl Mohamed Dr. Nader Shawky Abd El Hakeem
Advanced Study in Power System Analysis: Prof - Dr. Mohamed Shebl Mohamed Dr. Nader Shawky Abd El Hakeem
Supervisors:
PROF.Dr. MOHAMED SHEBL MOHAMED
Dr. Nader Shawky ABD EL HAKEEM
Benha University, Faculty of Engineering (Shoubra),
Electrical Engineering Department.
Dr:N. Shawky
Power System Stability Overview
• Power system is defined as a network of one or more generating units, loads
and power transmission lines including the associated equipments connected
to it.
• The stability of power system is its ability to develop restoring forces equal to
or greater than the disturbing forces to maintain the state of equilibrium.
Dr:N. Shawky
The Power System Stability defined as:
1. The ability of the power system to return to steady state without losing
synchronism.
3. The IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on stability terms and conditions have
proposed a definition for power system stability as follow [2]: “Power
System stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given
initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after
being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables
bounded, so that practically the entire system remains intact”.
Dr:N. Shawky
Need Of Stability Classification
• Stability analysis is easier. Also it leads to the proper and effective
understanding of different power system instabilities.
• The ability of the system to bring itself back to its stable configuration
following a small disturbance in the network (like normal load fluctuation
or action of automatic voltage regulator).
• It can only be considered during a very small and gradual change in the
system operating conditions.
• In other words the steady state stability limit of a system refers to the
maximum amount of power that can be transferred through the system
without loss of its steady state stability.
Dr:N. Shawky
Dynamic Stability:
• This type of stability requires a study of more than a minute to several hours.
• We can say that it small disturbances for long time on the system with inclusion
of the automatic control devices.
Dr:N. Shawky
Transient Stability:
• The ability of the power system to maintain synchronism after subjected to
severe disturbance. Following a large disturbance (machine power angle)
changes due to sudden acceleration or deceleration of the rotor shaft.
• Ascertain whether the load angle returns to a steady value following the
clearance of the disturbance.
Dr:N. Shawky
Survey of Transient Stability Analysis
• Until now, much of the effort and interest related to power system stability has
been concentrated on transient stability and the system is designed and operated
so as to meet a set of reliability criteria regarding transient stability.
• Transient stability depends on both the initial operating condition and the
disturbance parameters like location, type, magnitude etc. Instability is normally
in the form of a periodic angular separation.
Dr:N. Shawky
• In the past, transient stability has been evaluated using Time Domain (TD)
approach, but it’s found to be inefficient for evaluating stability for large
system. This has encouraged the expansion of various transient stability
assessments, such as Equal Area Criterion (EAC), Extended Equal Area
Criterion (EEAC) and Transient Energy Function (TEF) to calculate the Critical
Clearing Time (CCT).
Types of disturbances:-
Dr:N. Shawky
Power System Stability classification
Dr:N. Shawky
Rotor Angle Stability:
• Rotor angle stability refers to the ability of synchronous machines of an
interconnected power system to remain synchronism after being subjected to a
disturbance. It depends on the ability to maintain/restore equilibrium between
electromagnetic torque and mechanical torque of each synchronous machine
in the system
Small-disturbance (or Small-Signal) Rotor Angle Stability.
• Is concerned with the ability of the power system to maintain synchronism
under small disturbances.
Large-disturbance (or Transient) Rotor Angle Stability.
• The ability of the power system to maintain synchronism when subjected to a
severe disturbance, such as a short circuit on a transmission line.
Dr:N. Shawky
Frequency Stability:
• Instability that may result occurs in the form of sustained frequency swings
leading to tripping of generating units and/or loads.
• During frequency problems, the time frames of the processes and devices that
are activated will range from fraction of seconds, up to several minutes.
Dr:N. Shawky
Voltage Stability:
• Voltage stability refers to the ability of a power system to maintain steady state
voltages at all power system buses after being disturbed from a given initial
operating condition.
• Instability that may result occurs in the form of a progressive fall or rise of
voltages of some buses. A possible outcome of voltage instability is loss of
load in one area, or tripping of transmission lines and other elements by their
protective systems leading to cascading outages (voltage collapse) in another
area.
Dr:N. Shawky
Large-disturbance Voltage Stability.
o Improving the speed by which the relays detect the fault and the speed by which
the circuit breakers operate to isolate the faulted line.
o Increasing the inertia constant of the machine, but this method is not used for
economic reasons. Dr:N. Shawky
Dr:N. Shawky