UNIVERSITY OF TRIPOLI – FACUITY OF ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT

Experiment to Verify Ohm’s Law

Name : Walaa Abdussalam Arebi

ID : 022171978

Supervised by : Taissir Elganimi

Group : (D)

Fall 2018 1/11/2018

Part 1:Ohm’s law

Abstract
The experiment was performed to study the relationship between current and voltage in
order to prove Ohm’s law . We assembled two different values of resistors (one each time)
with a DC power supply and measured the current through the resistor. We noticed that The
higher voltage values caused a higher current values . The relationship between the voltage
and the current turned out to be linear and the ratio between their values matched the
resistor value.

Introduction
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Ohm’s law by assembling a simple
circuit that contain a resistor, a power supply, and a digital multimeter.
Ohm's law expresses the voltage as a function of the current. It states that the voltage across
a resistance is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance,
measured in ohms, is the constant of proportionality between the voltage and current.
The mathematical relationship of Ohm's law is illustrated by the equation:
V=IR

Where
V : the voltage in volts,
I = the current in amperes,
R : the resistance in ohms,

Equipment
 Digital multimeter
 AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
 Universal panel
 Resistor, 1kohm, 5%, 2W
 Resistor, 2.2kohm, 5%, 2W
 Set of connection cables
 Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm

Experimental Procedure
In this experiment, a 1kohm resistor was connected in series with a multimeter and an
AC/DC power supply with integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used
to connect the circuit elements . At first , the voltage was set to be 2V , the current was
measured at this voltage, then the voltage was changed to 4,6,9 and 12V ,and the current

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was measured for each value of the four voltage values . The 1kohm resistor was excluded,
a 2.2kohm resistor was connected to the circuit ,and the procedure was done again .

Results
The data from the experiment is shown in table 1 and table 2, and represented as graphs in
graph 1 and graph 2.

R[ohm] 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

V[V] 2 4 6 9 12
I[mA] 2.18 4.18 6.31 9.23 12.25
Table 1: The values of I for fixed R=1Kohm and variable V

R[ohm] 2200 2200 2200 2200 2200

V[V] 2 4 6 9 12
I[mA] 1.011 1.818 2.84 4.22 5.60
Table 2: The values of I for fixed R=2.2Kohm and variable V
I(mA
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
V(V
Graph 1 :the graph of table 1

I(mA
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 V(V
Graph 2: the graph of table 2

Discussion
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The data indicate that that the voltage and the current are lineary related , the slope of the
line or the ratio between voltage and current seemed to be matched with the resistor value,
which proves Ohm’s law .The current expected values are shown in table 3 and table 4 ,also
the measured values are inserted in the tables. In order to compare them ,we will calculate
percent error which formula is :

percent error = |accepted value - experimental value| \ accepted value x 100%

for the data we collected we will calculate the average of the percent error for all the
values :

The average percent error = the sum of the percent error values\ the number of values

For our collected data , the average percent error (for the 1kohm resistor) = 4.66% ,

And the average percent error (for the 2.2kohm resistor)=4.26% .

Current(measured) Current(calculated) Current(measured) Current(calculated)

2.18 2 1.011 0.909
4.18 4 1.818 1.818
6.31 6 2.84 2.727
9.23 9 4.22 4.09
12.25 12 5.60 5.45

Conclusion
The voltage is lineary related to the current and the ration between them is the value of the
resistance .

Part 2 : Resistors connected in Parallel

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Abstract
The experiment was performed to prove Kirchoff’s 1st law . We assembled three different
values of resistors in parallel with each other , with a DC power supply and measured the
current through each resistor and the current through the voltage source. We noticed that
The voltage across each resistor is equal to the DC power supply voltage and the sum of
current values through each resistor equals the value of the measured current through the
voltage source values .

Introduction
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Kirchhof’s current law by assembling a
circuit that contain a three resistors connected in parallel, a power supply, and a digital
multimeter.
Kirchhof’s 1st law states that The sum of the currents entering a junction (or region) of a
network must equal the sum of the currents leaving the same junction (or region).
In equation form, the above statement can be written as follows:

∑ Ii =∑Io

with Ii representing the current entering, or “in”, and Io representing the

current leaving, or “out”.

Equipment
 Digital multimeter
 AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
 Universal panel
 Resistor, 470ohm, 5%, 2W
 Resistor, 1kohm, 5%, 1W
 Resistor, 2.2kohm, 5%, 1W
 Set of connection cables
 Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm

Experimental Procedure
In this experiment, a 0.470kohm ,1kohm and 2.2kohm resistor was connected in parallel
with each other. The resistors was connected to a multimeter and an AC/DC power supply
with integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used to connect the
circuit elements . The voltage was set to be 10V , The current was measured for the
complete circuit by connecting the multimeter in series with the voltage source. Then the
current was measured for each resistor by connecting the multimeter in series with the
resistor. also the voltage across each resistor was measured.

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Results
The voltage across each resistor seemed to be equal to the voltage source value. The sum of
the current values through each resistor matched the value of the measured current through
the voltage source.
Table 5 : the measured current and voltage for each resistor and the expected R values for the measured
current and voltage values

V1=10V V2=10V V3=10V Vtot=10V

R1=0.470kohm R2=1kohm R3=2.2kohm 1 1 1 1

= + + =0.279kohm
Rtot R 1 R2 R 3
I1=21mA I2=9.75mA I3=4.43mA Itot=35.3mA

V1 V2 V3 Vtot
R= =0.476kohm R= =1.026kohm R= =2.257kohm R= =0.283kohm
I1 I2 I3 Itot

Discussion
The data indicate that that the voltage value for each resistor is equal to the value of the
voltage source. The sum of the current values through each resistor matches the total
current value in the complete circuit which proves Kirchhoff’s current law. The resistor
expected values for the measured voltage and current values are shown in table 5. In order
to compare them we calculated the average percent error , it is equal to 2.16% .

Conclusion
The algebraic sum of the currents entering and leaving a junction (or region) of a network is
zero.

Part 3 : Resistors connected in Series

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Abstract
The experiment was performed to prove Kirchoff’s 2nd law . We assembled three different
values of resistors in series with each other , with a DC power supply and measured the
voltage across each resistor and current through the complete circuit. We noticed that
The current through each resistor is equal to the current in the complete circuit and the sum
of voltage values across each resistor equals the value of the voltage source .

Introduction
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Kirchhof’s voltage law by assembling a
circuit that contain a three resistors connected in series, a power supply, and a digital
multimeter.
Kirchhof’s 2nd law states that the applied voltage of a series dc circuit will equal the sum of
the voltage drops of the circuit.
Kirchhoff’s voltage law can also be written in the following form :

∑Vrises = ∑Vdrops

where represents the closed loop and V the potential

drops and rises.

Equipment
 Digital multimeter
 AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
 Universal panel
 Resistor, 470ohm, 5%, 2W
 Resistor, 1kohm, 5%, 1W
 Resistor, 2.2kohm, 5%, 1W
 Set of connection cables
 Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm

Experimental Procedure
In this experiment, a 0.470kohm ,1kohm and 2.2kohm resistor was connected in series with
each other. The resistors was connected to a multimeter and an AC/DC power supply with
integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used to connect the circuit
elements . The voltage was set to be 10V , The current was measured for the complete
circuit by connecting the multimeter in series with the voltage source. Then the voltage was
measured for each resistor by connecting the multimeter in parallel with the resistor. also
the current through each resistor was measured.

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Results
The current across each resistor seemed to be equal to the current through the complete
circuit. The sum of the voltage values across each resistor matched the value of the voltage
source.
Table 6 : the measured current and voltage for each resistor and the expected R values for the measured
current and voltage values

Vtot=10V

R1=0.470kohm R2=1kohm R3=2.2kohm

V1=1.27V V2=2.7 V3=5.99V

I1=2.65mA I2=2.65mA I3=2.65mA

V1 V2 V3
R1= =0.479kohm R2= =1.0189kohm R3= =2.26kohm
I I I

Discussion
The data indicate that that the current value for each resistor is equal to the value of the
current in the complete circuit. The sum of the voltage values across each resistor matches
the value of the voltage source which proves Kirchhoff’s voltage law. The resistor expected
values for the measured voltage and current values are shown in table 6. In order to
compare them we calculated the average percent error , it is equal to 2.176% .

Conclusion
the algebraic sum of the potential rises and drops around a closed
path (or closed loop) is zero.

References
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[1] Irwin, J. David, BASIC ENGINEERING CIRCU IT ANALYSIS,9th ed, John Wiley & Sons ,pp24
[2]James W.Nilson, Susan A.Riedel, ELECTRIC CIRCUITS,8 th ed , Pearson Education,pp 28-29
[3] Robert L. Boylestad , INTRODUCTORY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS,11th ed, Pearson
Education,pp143,pp203