 NCR: National Capital Region

 CAR: Cordillera Administrative Region

o Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province
 Region 1: Ilocos Region
o Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan
 Region 2: Cagayan Valley
o Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino
 Region 3: Central Luzon
o Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, Zambales
 Region 4A: Calabarzon
o Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal
 Region 4B: MIMAROPA / Southwestern Tagalog
o Marinduque, Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Palawan, Romblon
 Region 5: Bicol Region
o Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Masbate, Sorsogo

 Region 6: Western Visayas

o Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo, Negros Occidental
 Region 7: Central Visayas
o Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental, Siquijor
 Region 8: Eastern Visayas
o Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar, Southern Leyte

 Region 9: Zamboanga Peninsula

o Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay
 Region 10: Northern Mindanao
o Bukidnon, Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Orientalr
 Region 11: Davao Region
o Davao de Oro, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental, Davao
Oriental
 Region 12: Soccskargen
o Cotabato, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat
 Region 13: Caraga Region
o Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Norte, Surigao
del Sur
 Barmm: Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
o Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi

SPANISH EXPEDITIONS TO THE PHILIPPINES ● The Magellan Expedition

-MARCH 16, 1521: Magellan's Exoedition landed on Homonhon Island
-RAJAH HUMABON: Magellan's Friend
-APRIL 17, 1521: Magellan sailed to Mactan and was killed by the natives lead by lapu-lapu
-1519: Five ships and 300 men left on Magellan Expedition
-SEPTEMBER 6, 1522: Only one ship (The Victoria) and 18 men returned to Seville, Spain -
JUAN SEBASTIAN DE ELCANO: The master of ship "Conception who took of the command of
Expedition.
-Magellan and Elcano took almost 3 YEARS to complete the Expedition ● The
Five Subsequent Expeditions
-Garcia Jofre Loaisa (1525)
-Sebastian Cabot (1526)
 -Alvaro De Saavedra (1527)
-Rudy Lopez de Villalobos (1542)
-Miguel Lopez De Legazpi (1564)
(Only the last two reached the Philippines; only LEGAZPI succeeded in
colonizing the Islands)
●The Villalobos Expedition
-NOV. 1, 1542: RUY LOPEZ VILLALOBOS set sail for the Philippines from Navidad, Mexico -
FEB. 2, 1543: He reached Mindanao by following the route taken by Magellan.
-He established a colony in Sarangani but could not stay long because of insufficient food supply
-He was remembered for naming our country "Islas Filipinas"
●The Legazpi Expedition
-1566: Philip ll became King
-LUIS DE VELASCO: he was instructed by King Philip ll to prepare a new expedition.
-MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGAZPI: He headed the new expedition
-FEB. 13, 1565: Legazpi's expedition landed in Cebu, Island
-Legazpi was able to obtain spices and gold in Bohol due to his friendship with Datu
Sikatuna (Chieftain)
-APRIL 27, 1565: Legazpi returned to Cebu, destroyed the town of Raja Tupas.
-2,100 men arrived from Mexico and built the port of "FUERZA DE SAN PEDRO" by the order
of King Philip ll
-MARTIN DE GOITI headed an expedition of 300 men to conquer Manila.
-MAY 8, 1570: Goiti arrived in Manila after fighting with King Suliman
-1571: Legazpi died and was buried at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros

THE SPANIARDS AS COLONIAL MASTERS Spaniard Colonization (1565-1898)

-Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years
-Spain centralised colonial government
-Spanish ruled the Philippines to a Governor General
-The Residentia: a special judicial court that investigates the performance of a governor general
who was about to be replaced.
-The Visita: the visitador observed the conditions in the colony and reported his findings directly
to the King.
-The Royal Audiencia: serves as an advisory body to the Governor General
-The Provincial Government: Two types of Local Government Units; ALCADIA–led by the
alcalde mayor, governed the provinces that had been subjugated:
CORREGIMIENTO–headed by corregidor, governed the provinces that were not yet entirely
under Spanish control.
-The Municipal Government: Its main concerns were efficient governance and tax collection.
-The Encomienda System: The division of the Philippines into large territories (encomiendas)

THE GALLEON TRADE (Manila-Acapulco Trade) -The

Galleon Trade was a government monopoly.
-Two Galleons: (1) Acapulco to Manila with 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at
sea. (2) Manila to Acapulco with some 200,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea.
-JOSE BASCO Y VARGAS instituted reforms to free the economy from ints dependence on
Chinese and Mexican trade. This reform was known as BASCO's REFORM.
-He implemented a "general economic plan" aimed at making the Philippines self sufficient -He
established the "Economic Society of Friends of the Country" which gave incentives to the
Farmers.
-TOBACCO MONOPOLY. In 1781, a tobacco industry was placed under government control
during the administration
THE SECULARIZATION OF PRIESTS DURING SPANISH PERIOD
-SUEZ CANAL which connected the Red sea and Mediterranean sea was inaugurated in
1869
-It was built by a French Engineer named Ferdinand De Lesseps
-TWO KINDS OF PRIEST: (1) REGULAR PRIESTS belong to religious orders and their main
task is to spread Christianity. (2) SECULAR PRIESTS did not belong to any religious order.
They were trained specifically to run the parishes and were under the supervision of bishops.
-Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA) were the
last who fought for the secularization movement.
THE DEATH OF GOMBURZA (Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora) -
FEB. 17, 1872, GOMBURZA was executed by the Spanish colonizers on charges of
subversion.
-ILLUSTRADOS led the filipinoa request for reforms after the death of Gomburza -
INTELLIGENTIA stepped in after illustrados did not succeeded in easing the sufferings of
filipinos. The Intelligentia wanted reforms; but they were more systematic and used a peaceful
means called the Propaganda Movement.
-The most prominent members of the Propaganda movement are; Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez
Jaena, and Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
-GRACIANO'S PIECES: Fray Botod, Esperanza, and La Hija del Fraile
-DEL PILAR'S PIECES: Diaron Tagalog (1882), Caiingat Cayo, Dasalan
-RIZAL'S PIECES: Noli mi Tangere, El Filibusterismo
-Rizal was executed at Bagumbayan (later named Luneta Park and now called Rizal Park) on DEC.
30, 1896
LA SOLIDARIDAD & LA LIGA FILIPINA La Liga Filipina
-1892: Jose Rizal returned to the Philippines and proposed the establishment of a civic
organization called LA LIGA FILIPINA
-July 3, 1892, The following were elected as its officers:
● PRESIDENT: Ambrosio Salvador
● FISCAL: Agustin Dela Rosa
● TREASURER: Bonifacio Arevalo
● SECRETARY : Deodato Arellano
● ADVISER: Jose Rizal
-La Liga Filipina aimed to:
● Unite the whole country
● Protect and assist all members
● Fight violence and injustice
● Support Education
● Study and implement reforms
La Solidaridad
-La solidaridad is a newspaper publication owned by the propaganda movement.
-The first issue saw print was published on NOV. 15, 1895
-Graciano Lopez Jaena was the first editor and later on, Marcelo Del Pilar took over.

THE KATIPUNAN FINALLY STARTS A REVOLUTION (Secret Revolution)

-JULY 7, 1892: The Kataastaasan Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
(KKK) is founded by ANDRES BONIFACIO -The Leaders of Katipunan are:
● Deodato Arellano - SUPREMO
● Ladislao Diwa - FISCAL
● Teodora Plata - SECRETARY
● Valentines Diaz - TREASURER
● Andress Bonifacio - CONTROLLER
The KKK members agreed on the following objectives:
● Political goal was to completely separate Philippines from Spain after declaring the
country's independence
● Moral goal was to teach the filipinos good manners, cleanliness, hygiene, fine morals, and
how to guard themselves against religious fanaticism
● The civic goal was to encourage Filipinos help themselves and defend the poor oppressed
-AUG. 19, 1896: The KKK was discovered. The printing press was locked and hundreds of
suspected KKK members were arrested.

THE CRY OF PUGADLAWIN

-AUG. 23, 1896: Various wings of the Katipunan gathered at the house of JUAN RAMOS in
Pugadlawin
-JUAN RAMOS was the son of MELCHORA AQUINO known as the "Tandang Sora" and
later acknowledged as "the mother of katipunan"
-Bonifacio with his men fight to the bitter end by tearing their cedulas (residence certificates) to
pieces, and shouting "Mabuhay Pilipinas!" –Known as the CRY OF PUGADLAWIN -MAGDALO
& MAGDIWANG FACTIONS:
● BALDOMERO AGUINALDO, brother of Emilio Aguinaldo, headed the Magdalo group
● GEN. MARIANO ALVATEZ led the Magdiwang group
-After Aguinaldo defeated the Spanish troops, Cavitenios referred him as "General Miong" and no
longer "Kapitan Miong"
-Bonifacio formed the NAIC MILITARY AGREEMENT after losing the presidential election
against Aguinaldo
-Bonifacio was captured and sentenced to death by a War Council of Aguinaldo's government.
-MAY 10, 1897: Andres Bonifacio was executed at the foothills of Mt. Buntis by Major Lazaro
Macapagal

THE BIAK-NA-BATO REPUBLIC

-Emilio Aguinaldo established his headquarters in Biak na Bato in Bulacan province.
-JULY 1897: The Biak-na-Bato republic was established and issued the following demands
● Expulsion of the friars and the return of the friars lands to the Filipinos
● Representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes
● Freedom of the Press and of religion
● Abolition of the government’s power to banish filipinos ● Equality for all before the law.
-The Biak-na-Bato Constitution provided for the establishment of a Supreme council that would
serve as the highest governing body of the republic.
THE PACT OF BIAK-NA-BATO
-DEC. 15, 1897, PEDRO PATERNO signed the pact as the representative of the revolutionaries
and GOV. PRIMO DE RIVERA as the representative of the Spanish Government.
-The Leaders are:
● EMILIO AGUINALDO - President
● MARIANO TRIAS - Vice President
● ANTONIO MONTENEGRO - Secretary
● BALDOMERO AGUINALDO and EMILIO RIEGO DE DIOS - Treasurer
-The Biak-na-Bato Pact fails because the Filipinos and Spaniards did nit trust each other.