Unit-2 Networking and

Internet
 Computer Network

Network is a set of devices. In which a single computer

serving all organization computational need has been
replaced by single one. Its interconnected means more
than one computers are said to be interconnected. It is
able to exchange information from source (sender) to
destination (Reciever) called network.
Computer Networking

Network

Master Computer Server

J A I V
Computer Networking

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 Master Computer

In computer networking, master/slave is a network

architecture and set of protocols in which one device
or program, the master, exerts total control over one
or more other devices, the slaves
 Server

servers are computers that are used as the central

repository for data and various programs, and are
shared by many users within the network. Users may
have programs and files they retain on their own PCs
or laptops
 Components of communication
system
Nodes or stations are electronic devices such as
computers, printers, Fax machines, and telephones
which communicate with each other by sending and
receiving data/message
● Sender : The node that is responsible for sending
the data.
● Receiver : The node that is responsible for receiving
the data.
● Message : Message is the information or
meaningful data that is being communicated in a
structured form.
● Channel : Channel is the communication medium
through which message is transmitted
 Components of communication system

Medium
Sender(Source Reciever (Destination
) Channel
)
Mode of data transmission
Sender Reciever
Sender or Receiver Receiver or sender
Sender And Reciever And
reciever sender
Circuit Switching.

Connection orientation of data transmission is called

circuit switching. Example- E-mail
Packet Switching.

Connectionless orientation of data transmission is

called Packet switching. Example- Post-office
TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/
Internet protocol )

TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is

a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network
devices on the internet. TCP/IP can also be used as a
communications protocol in a private computer network (an
intranet or an extranet).

or
The Internet works by using a protocol called TCP/IP, or
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. ... In base
terms, TCP/IP allows one computer to talk to another computer
via the Internet through compiling packets of data and sending
them to right location
Intranet or an Extranet

Intranet is shared content accessed by members

within a single organization.
Extranet is shared content accessed by groups
through cross-enterprise boundaries.
Internet is global communication accessed
through the Web.
Computer networks can be used as means of
resource sharing and communication.

● Resource Sharing : Connecting computers through

networking allows us to share hardware and software
resources. Examples of hardware resources include
peripherals (for example, printers and scanners), CPU,
and memory. Examples of software resources include
system and application software, and files that may
include text, audio, and video
Computer networks can be used as means of
resource sharing and communication.

● Communication: Connecting computers

through a network facilitates exchange of
information amongst the nodes in the network.
For example, any of the computer systems in
may send data to any of the three computer
systems or the printer, as it is connected to
every node in the network. Creation of a network
requires various network devices such as
modems, routers, switches, and bridges,
Transmission Medium

A transmission medium refers to the channel of

transmission through which data can be
transmitted from one node to another in the
form of signal. Common methods of Internet
access by users include dial-up with a computer
modem via telephone circuits, broadband over
coaxial cable, fiber optics or copper wires, Wi-Fi,
satellite, and cellular telephone technology (e.g.
3G, 4G)
Transmission Medium

Communication Medium

Guided Media Unguided Media

Optical
Twisted Co-axial Radio Micro Infrared
Fiber
pair Cable Cable Cable
Waves waves Waves
Transmission Medium

● Guided Medium: The term refers to physical

conductors such as twisted pairs, coaxial cable,
and fiber optics. In twisted pair and coaxial
cable, the signal travels as voltage and current
signal whereas in optical fiber, the signal is in
the form of light.
● Unguided Medium: The unguided medium
uses electro-magnetic waves that do not require
a physical conductor. Examples of unguided
medium include microwave, radio wave,
infrared.
Modem

Modem is an electronics device or hardware

components. Which can share information on a
communication channel from source to destination is
called modem.
Coaxial cable

Coaxial cable:
is used as a transmission line for radio
frequency signals. and distribution
of cable television signals.
Fiber optics

An optical fiber is a thin, transparent fiber,

usually made of glass or plastic, for transmitting
light.
Network Devices

Repeater:
a repeater is an electronic device that receives a
signal and retransmits
Network Devices

Hub:
a hub is the most basic networking device that
connects multiple computers or other network
devices together.
Network Devices

Bridge :
Bridges connects two or more different LANs
that has a similar protocol and provides
communication between the devices (nodes) in
them. By joining multiple LANs,
Gateway

A gateway is a hardware device that acts as a "gate"

between two networks. It may be a router, firewall,
server, or other device that enables traffic to flow in and
out of the network. or Gateway is also network that
provide sharing facilities in between LAN to larger
system.
A router is a networking device that forwards data
packets between computer networks. Routers perform
the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent
through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in
the form of data packets.
Switch

A switch is a device in a computer network that connects

other devices together. Multiple data cables are plugged
into a switch to enable communication between different
networked devices.
A firewall is a security device — computer hardware or
software — that can help protect your network by

A firewall is a security device computer hardware or software

that can help protect your network by filtering traffic and blocking
outsiders from gaining unauthorized access to the private data on
your computer.