BUSINESS STUDIES

PROJECT-1

E-BUSINESS

Name: Bhagyashree Vaswani

Class: 12-E

LILAVATIBAI PODAR HIGH SCHOOL

Acknowledgement
I would like to extend my special thanks of gratitude to my
Principal Mrs. Sheila Alexander, ISC head master Mr. Zaheer
Sareea for giving me this wonderful opportunity to do Business
Studies project. I thank my teacher, Ms. Reshma Pradhan for her
valuable suggestions and directions for completing this project. I
would also thank my classmates for their constant input, support
and cooperation during the course of this project.
 INDEX
Sr. No Topic
1. Meaning and nature of e-business
2. Types of e-business
3. Benefits of e-business
4. Limitation of e-business
5. Company 1 (PayPal)
6. • Introduction of PayPal
• History
• Founder
• Headquarters
• CEO
7. Size and Structure
8. Products and Services
9. Policies
10. Current News
11. Company 2 (Urbanic)
12. • Introduction of Urbanic
• History
• Founder
• Headquarters
• CEO
13. Size and Structure
14. Products and Services
15. Policies
16. Current News
17. Conclusion
18. Bibliography
 MEANING AND NATURE OF
E-BUSINESS
Meaning
“E-business refers to commercial transactions between
organizations and individuals, based on the processing or
transmission of digitized data, units, text, sound and visual images
which are carried out over open networks, or closed networks with
a gateway to open networks”. – OECD
Nature
 Buyer and seller do not meet face-to-face to enter into a
transaction.
 The buyer searches the seller’s website to select the
product/service to be purchased. While browsing the website,
the buyer is given the payment option.
 Payment may be made through credit/debit card, digital cash
or electronic transfer of funds (net banking). Payment has to
be made while placing the order.
 The product is delivered through courier/post. In some cases
(eg. Documents like birth Certificate), it may be downloaded
from the seller’s website.
 TYPES OF E-BUSINESS
1.Business to consumer
This category comprises commercial transactions between
business firms and
their customers. Companies sell product and services on line
to customers. For
example, Amul.com sells Amul products online.

2.Consumer to consumer
This type of e-commerce takes place between consumers E-
bay where consumers
sell their goods and services to other consumers is an
excellent example of such
commerce. Pay-Pal is another good example of C2C
commerce. The buyer sends
money to Pay-Pal which notifies the seller that they will hold
the money for them
until the goods have been shipped and accepted by the buyer.

3.Business to business
In this case, business transactions take place between different
business firms.
Business to business transactions account for a major part of
total E-commerce. An example of business-to-business
category would be a company that use a
network for ordering from its suppliers, receiving invoices
and making payments. Maruti Udyog Telco, Bajaj Auto,
Thermax, Kinetic and many other companies use B2B
commerce.
4. Intra business
Under this mode, transactions take place online between
different units or
branches of a single business enterprise. For example,
transactions between head
office and subsidiaries/branches, or between one
subsidiary/branch and another
subsidiary/branch are intra business transactions.

5.Business to government
Business firms can interact with central/state Government
online. For example, a business firm can apply online for
incorporation of a company, registration under taxation and
other laws and to take Clearance under same Law. Similarly,
business firms can file their annual reports and other
prescribed documents with the government
departments/ministers/agencies, etc.

6.Government to business
Government agencies and departments can interact online
with business firms. For example, government may send
clearances, certificates, licenses, tax and other notices,
assessment orders, etc. to business firms.
 BENEFITS OF E-BUSINESS
1) Convenience in shopping
It provides 24x7 support. Customers can enquire about a product
or service and place orders anytime, anywhere from any
location. E-commerce application provides users with more
options and quicker delivery of products.
2) Wide Choice:
For the customers, the whole world becomes a shop. They can
look and evaluate the same product at different websites and
make the best choice. There are no Limitations of inventory and
space.
3) Saves time and expense involved travelling to
the market:
It is difficult for customers to travel long distances to reach their
preferred physical store. E-commerce allows them to visit the
same store virtually, with just a few mouse clicks.
4) Customer Convenience:
Customers can shop sitting at home or office. They do not need
to stand in a queue to talk to salesman or to read catalogues and
price lists. They can access the internet and buy at any time
according to their convenience. Payments can also be made
online.
 5) Customer Satisfaction:
E-commerce allows quick response and Redressal to customer
Complaints. This helps to increase customer satisfaction. A
customer can put review comments about a product and can see
what others are buying, or see the review comments of other
customers before making a final purchase.

6) Security:
There are in built security measures in e-commerce. Devices to
prevent unauthorized use of data and information, password,
encoding cryptography, cipher, etc. are some of these measures.
 LIMITATIONS OF E-BUSINESS

1) High Risk:
Internet startup Organisation face huge risk. Several high paid
executives who resigned and set up internet startups lost huge
amount of money. The dot.com bubble burst due to lack of good
revenue model, poor customer service and other problems.
2) Shortage of Talent:
There is great shortage of skilled persons who can successfully
handle e-commerce. Traditional Organisation structure and poor
work cultures also restrict the growth of e-commerce.
3) System and Data Integrity:
Integrity of the system and protection of data are serious problems
in e-commerce. Several types of computer viruses cause undue
delays, file cups and storage problems. There is always the danger
of hackers who may access files and corrupt accounts.
4) Lack of Security:
Security is a serious concern in e-commerce transactions. Online
customers are reluctant to disclose their credit card numbers due to
fear of frauds.

5) Vulnerability to Competition:
A business Organisation which makes available information about
itself and its products becomes vulnerable. Competitors may
extract business Intelligence from the website the organization.
6) Operation Problems:
Customers may lose confidence in e-commerce when a firm fails to
fulfil its commitments. There are instances of websites crashing,
merchandise mix-ups, and delays in delivery of products.
7) Unsuitability:
There are several products for which e-commerce is not suitable.
People may not like to buy Furniture, jewellery and many other
items online because they want to test and feel the product before
buying.
8) Limited Personal Touch:
The warmth of interpersonal interaction is lacking in e-business.
Therefore, e- business is less suitable for products such as
garments, toiletries, etc. which require high degree of personal
touch.
9) Ethical Problems:
Many firms use an ‘electronic eye’ to keep track of the e-mail
account, computer files and websites used by their employees. This
involves an attack on their privacy.
 INTRODUCTION
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American company operating an online
payments system in the majority of countries that support online
money transfers, and serves as an electronic alternative to
traditional paper methods like checks and money orders. The
company operates as a payment processor for online vendors,
auction sites, and many other commercial users, for which it
charges a fee.

HISTORY
The company, founded and currently headquartered in Mountain
View, Cali., smartly targeted an underserved market as the internet
tightened its grip on global consumers: Banking and payments.
The founders' idea was both simple and efficient - convince
customers to share their emails, banking and credit card
information in return for fast, low-cost payments. Small
businesses, online merchants, and consumers quickly signed on,
with the company handling more than $3 billion in payments from
10.2 million individual consumers and 2.6 million commercial
customers within three years of opening its doors.
Within two years, the founders renamed their company PayPal,
after a decision was made to focus only on payments made over the
burgeoning internet. Thiel and Levchin adeptly leveraged an
opening in the payments market, as nobody was really focusing on
a digital payment platform between consumers and businesses, a
gap the duo exploited brilliantly as PayPal took off at the start of
the new century.
 FOUNDERS
1) Peter Andreas Thiel is a German-American billionaire
entrepreneur and venture capitalist. A co-founder of PayPal,
Palantir Technologies, and Founders Fund, he was the first
outside investor in Facebook.
2) Maksymilian Rafailovych "Max" Levchin is a Ukrainian
American software engineer and businessman. In 1998, he co-
founded the company that eventually became PayPal.
3) Kenneth Alan Howery is an American entrepreneur and
diplomat. He is a co-founder of PayPal and Founders Fund.
He served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Kingdom of Sweden
from 2019 to 2021.
4) Yu Pan is an engineer and entrepreneur mentioned in one
source as one of the original six people who started PayPal
and the first employee at YouTube, as an early software
engineer. He is a former Google employee and also a co-
founder of Kiwi Crate, Inc.
5) Luke Nosek is a Polish American entrepreneur, notable for
being a co-founder of PayPal.

HEADQUARTERS
PayPal’s headquarters are located in San Jose, California, United
States.
 CEO
On September 30, 2014, it was announced that Schulman would
become CEO of PayPal, which would continue as a separate legal
entity, split from eBay in 2015. His tenure was also marked by the
$2.2 billion acquisition of European payment provider iZettle,
PayPal's second largest purchase to date. He has stated that his
goals at PayPal include giving financial tools to the 70 million
Americans underserved by the U.S. financial system.
During the 2018–19 United States federal government shutdown,
Schulman initiated the idea for PayPal to offer $500 in interest-free
cash advances to furloughed U.S. government workers, committing
to provide up to $25 million in interest-free loans. In April 2019,
Schulman announced PayPal's plans to invest $500 million in Uber
to connect the two marketplaces. In November 2020, Schulman
oversaw the launch of cryptocurrency purchasing and selling on
PayPal.
In 2019, Schulman unveiled PayPal’s Employee Financial
Wellness initiative to help struggling workers by lowering
healthcare costs, and creating avenues for employees to receive
equity in the company to promote long-term saving. In 2020 he
announced PayPal’s $535 million commitment to support Black-
owned businesses and minority communities in the U.S. in an
effort to help close the racial wealth gap.
 NET WORTH
As of 2021, PayPal has an estimated net worth of more than $45
billion.

ASSETS
PayPal Holdings total assets for the quarter ending March 31, 2021
were $72.517B, a 33.63% increase year-over-year.

INCOME
PayPal had an income of $4.2 billion in 2020.

TURNOVER
PayPal had a turnover of $21.4 billion in 2020.

ACQUISITIONS
Zong, Xoom, Corporation, Where.com, Venmo, TIO Network,
Swift Financial, StackMob ,Similit, Paydiant, Modest Inc, Jetlore,
iZettle, IronPearl, Hyperwallet, Honey ,GoPay, Fraud Sciences,
FigCard, CyActive, Curv, card.io, Braintree, Bill Me Later
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
 Mobile
 PayPal Cash Card (Debit Mastercard)
 PayPal Cashback Mastercard
 PayPal Extras Mastercard
 eBay Mastercard
 Pay with Rewards
 PayPal Key
 PayPal Working Capital
 Pay in 4
 PayPal Credit
 PayPal Business Debit Mastercard
 PayPal Smart Connect
 PayPal Pools
 PayPal Shipping
 Coupons & Gift Certificates

 PROCESS
Buyers make a purchase through PayPal – whether it’s on eBay,
online stores or apps.
Sellers receive payments in their PayPal account, less any
applicable transaction fees.
They will notify both buyers and sellers on the payment and
transaction details.
For example; if a customer purchases clothes from myntra or food
from swiggy, they can pay for the products directly through paypal,
paypal links to their bank account and makes a hassle free and safe
transaction.
 POLICIES
The PayPal Buyer Protection Policy states that the customer may
file a buyer complaint if they did not receive an item or if the item
he or she purchased was significantly not as described. The
customer can open a dispute within 180 days from the date of
payment and escalate it to a claim within 20 days from opening the
dispute. If the buyer used a credit card, he or she might get a refund
via chargeback from his or her credit-card company.
According to PayPal, it protects sellers in a limited fashion via the
Seller Protection Policy. In general, the Seller Protection Policy is
intended to protect the seller from certain kinds of chargebacks or
complaints if the seller meets certain conditions including proof of
delivery to the buyer. PayPal states the Seller Protection Policy is
"designed to protect sellers against claims by buyers of
unauthorized payments and against claims of non-receipt of any
merchandise". The policy includes a list of "Exclusions" which
itself includes "Intangible goods", "Claims for receipt of goods 'not
as described'", and "Total reversals over the annual limit". There
are also other restrictions in terms of the sale itself, the payment
method and the destination country the item is shipped to.
You can refund the entire amount of a transaction or portions of it.
The default refund period is 180 days from the transaction date. If
you refund a payment for goods or services, there are no fees to
process the refund, but the fees you originally paid as the seller are
not returned to you.
 NEWS
 PayPal's Venmo Launches Cryptocurrency Buying and
Selling Features.
Venmo, the peer-to-peer payment service owned by PayPal
Holdings Inc, said it has started allowing users to buy, hold and
sell cryptocurrencies on its app, a step that could inspire more
mainstream adoption of the asset class. Venmo users will be able
to buy bitcoin, ethereum, litecoin and bitcoin cash for as little as
$1 and publish transactions on the app's feed, the company said.
 PayPal To Hire Over 1,000 Engineers for India
Development Centres In 2021.
PayPal said it will hire 1,000 engineers this year for its India
development centres across Bengaluru, Chennai, and
Hyderabad. PayPal will hire 1,000 engineers for the
development centres in these three cities over the course of the
year across software, product development, data science, risk
analytics and business analytics streams at entry, mid-level, and
senior roles, a statement said.
 Cashfree, PayPal to Help Indian Firms Sell to 350
million Customers
Payments and banking technology firm Cashfree announced a
partnership with digital payments company PayPal to enable
international payments for merchants. Businesses using
Cashfree's payment gateway will be able to add the PayPal
'Express Checkout' option to their order pages and accept
payments from over 350 million customers across 200 markets
and in more than 28 currencies in a secure and seamless manner.
 INTRODUCTION
Provider of an online shopping platform intended to redefine fast-
fashion for women. The company's platform offers a variety of
products ranging from clothing, accessories to lifestyle categories
including formal clothing to casuals to party wear and an exclusive
spread of plus size clothing, enabling women to be up to date with
the latest trends with best prices at the click of a button.

HISTORY
Urbanic is an emerging London based fashion brand creating and
bringing the fashion that sustains the idea of inclusivity. Today,
Urbanic remains independent and dedicated to upgrading the lives
of individuals, aimed at better beautifying consumers with their
inhouse data science and AI technologies.

FOUNDER
Urbanic was founded by Eddie Deng, a former Alibaba Group
Holding Ltd. Strategist.

HEADQUARTERS
Urbanic is Headquartered in London, United Kingdom

CEO
The CEO of Urbanic is Yogesh Agarwal
 ASSETS
3.3 billion

INCOME
$ 168 million
PRODUCTS
 Clothing
 Accessories

PROCESS
The customer installs the urbanic app from the app store, places
their products in a cart, pays through their flexible payment
methods including cash on delivery, net banking, debit card, credit
card, paytm and google pay. All orders placed on Urbanic are
dispatched through their courier partners such as Gati, Delhivery
Etc.

POLICIES
If a customer is not satisfied with their product, they can easily
return/ exchange the product. In case they return the product, they
will be getting a full refund and if they exchange the product, they
will receive the exchanged product and the unwanted product will
be taken from them. The products can easily be cancelled from the
Urbanic app. No act is too small to have a positive impact on the
environment. As a brand founded on the creative reuse and renewal
of materials, they’ve continued to grow and evolve by making eco
conscious decisions from product selection to store design and
community initiatives.
 NEWS
Fashion Start-up Urbanic Redefines ‘The Ideal Body’ Trend
With a Body Positivity Campaign
Urbanic - a European high-street brand, recently launched in India
has taken upon them to introduce trends that embrace different
shapes of Indian women. The brand single-handedly is opposing
the ideal beauty standards set by the fashion and lifestyle industry.
An industry infamous for its unrealistic benchmarks, Urbanic as a
brand has stepped in to deliver trendy styles at affordable prices at
your doorstep.

The campaign titled ‘My Right To Wear’ encapsulates one of the

most concerned issues in the industry for women. Women spend
most part of their shopping trying a dress that just fits right because
not many brands are size-inclusive, meaning they don’t offer
clothing beyond the ideal body size chart. However, the ‘perfect
figure’ trend set-up by the fashion industry has been challenged
and revolutionized by the brand. Urbanic aims to provide stylish
outfits for every body type making fashion available from sizes
XS-5XL, hence, breaking the stereotype that women with good
bodies only have access to tasteful fashion.
 CONCLUSION
Here I have come to the end of the project on the Topic E
Business. I tried my best to include all the necessary points that are
required related to the given topic. The project was interesting to
do and I thoroughly enjoyed learning about my assigned E
Businesses.
 Bibliography
 www.investopedia.com
 www.businessinsider.com
 www.paypal.co.in
 www.urbanic.co.in
 www.timesofindia.com
 www.economictimes.com
 www.wikipedia.com