Sinhgad College of Arts and Commerce, Narhe, Pune

Project Proposal

Name: Suhas Sayaji Yadav

Class: M.COM II

Semester: IV

ROLL NO.: 06

Project Topic: A Comparative study of different Accounts

software. e.g. -TALLY, SAP, ERP.

]
INTRODUCTION -

Accounting software is application software that records

and processes accounting transactions within functional modules such as
account payable, account receivable, trial balance and balance sheet etc. it
function as an accounting information system. It is developed by the company
himself or from other third party company who create this type of software and
they can also modified that software with local modification.

After mid 1990s the businessman understand the important of accounting

software and after that every businessman started the use of accounting software
in his business and now das every business from small scale to large scale
business use the accounting software in his business for recording every
business transaction made by them.

Accounting software are introduced after the innovation of computer which is

most important to use the accounting software but before the innovation of
computer there is a system which is used by every business to record their
business transaction it is could the book keeping and accountancy. The all
accounting software base is on this accounting technique which used by old
people. To find out the history of accounting software firstly we want to know
the history of accountancy.
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

• In today market there are so many different accounting software

introduce for business. That’s why the business man really very confused
to select the best software for his business. They are totally depend on the
charter accountant of his business or the dealer of some accounting
software. The following are the objective of this project.
• To analyse the user of accounting software in developed and undeveloped
areas business.
• Which accounting software mostly preferred by business man. 
• What are the expectation of business man from accounting software.
• Comparison of accounting software to find out which accounting
software is useful to business.
• Help to suggest the best accounting software to the owner of business.  
• How this software useful to auditor and for government.
• How this software help to make a business control.
HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE

In 19th century the growth of industry is growing fast so the industry not capable
to maintain the all records of business and that is affect the industrial
development. That’s why the industry wants some technique which is useful to
maintain all and loss of the business. They also want to increase their market
and expand their business in all around the world. But they fail to do that
because if they do this than they unable to prepare the proper record of these
books of accounts.

Earlier, when accounting software was not in use, businesses had to spend
resources and time to maintain huge data of accounts department. Not only data
maintenance, but the transfer of files from one department to other took months.
Sometimes, the companies were forced to keep data files for years and many
times the accounts department could not find the coordination between the data
transferred from one department to other Following are some advantages and
disadvantages of accounting software

The best practice of accounting in today’s world is to have auto mated

accounting practices. Books were initially paper a sed systems in accounting but
with the introductions of a wide varieties of accounting software, the digital file
system and digital books are becoming a fashion. Accounting software not only
helps in speeding up processes, but it provides you compact information about
the performance of your organization

After the innovation of minicomputer and microcomputer the industry is like to

use this system to maintain the record of accounting. Because it is not so costly
and it was not want more space to store. Industrialist likes to welcome this
system to store in his business and use it in his day to day transaction. After
some time this computer also not so useful to maintain the accounting records
so they want to innovate some special software which are want to maintain
there all accounting transaction and also the bill of business and also the
software which is create the trial balance of the business and also the balance
sheet of the business. So there is the start to innovate the accounting software.
To prepare the accounting software they want to us ethe accounting functions
which use in book keeping and accountancy.

In1972 SAP accounting software is introduce. After SAP introduce there are so
many other company introduce different types of accounting software such as
Tally, Busy, Oracle etc. some business man create there own accounting
software which they want in his business

DEFINITION OF SOFTWARE

Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers

and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the
physical aspects of a computer. Software is a generic term used to refer to
applications, scripts and programs that run on a device. It can be thought of as
the variable part of a computer, while hardware is the invariable part.

The two main categories of software are application software and system

software. An application is software that fulfills a specific need or performs
tasks. System software is designed to run a computer's hardware and provides a
platform for applications to run on top of.

Other types of software include programming software, which provides the

programming tools software developers need; middleware, which sits between
system software and applications; and driver software, which operates computer
devices and peripherals.
Examples and types of software

1) Account software -

The most common type of software, application software is a computer

software package that performs a specific function for a user, or in some cases,
for another application. An application can be self-contained, or it can be a
group of programs that run the application for the user. Examples of modern
applications include office suites, graphics software, databases and database
management programs, web browsers, word processors, software development
tools, image editors and communication platforms.

2) System software-

These software programs are designed to run a computer's application

programs and hardware. System software coordinates the activities and
functions of the hardware and software. In addition, it controls the operations of
the computer hardware and provides an environment or platform for all the
other types of software to work in. The OS is the best example of system
software; it manages all the other computer programs. Other examples of
system software include the firmware, computer language translators and
system utilities.

3) Driver software-

 Also known as device drivers, this software is often

considered a type of system software. Device drivers control the devices and
peripherals connected to a computer, enabling them to perform their specific
tasks. Every device that is connected to a computer needs at least one device
driver to function. Examples include software that comes with any nonstandard
hardware, including special game controllers, such as USB storage devices,
keyboards, headphones and printers

Functional elements: -

A typical digital computer system has four basic functional elements:

(1) input-output equipment,

(2) main memory,

(3) control unit, and

(4) arithmetic-logic unit.

Any of a number of devices is used to enter data and program instructions into
a computer and to gain access to the results of the processing operation.
Common input devices include keyboards and optical scanners; output devices
include printers and monitors. The information received by a computer from its
input unit is stored in the main memory or, if not for immediate use, in
an auxiliary storage device. The control unit selects and calls up instructions
from the memory in appropriate sequence and relays the proper commands to
the appropriate unit. It also synchronizes the varied operating speeds of the
input and output devices to that of the arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) so as to
ensure the proper movement of data through the entire computer system. The
ALU performs the arithmetic and logic algorithms selected to process the
incoming data at extremely high speeds—in many cases in nanoseconds
(billionths of a second). The main memory, control unit, and ALU together
make up the central processing unit (CPU) of most digital computer systems,
while the input-output devices and auxiliary storage
units constitute peripheral equipment.
Blaise Pascal of France and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz of Germany invented
mechanical digital calculating machines during the 17th century. The English
inventor Charles Babbage, however, is generally credited with having
conceived the first automatic digital computer. During the 1830s Babbage
devised his so-called Analytical Engine, a mechanical device designed to
combine basic arithmetic operations with decisions based on its own
computations. Babbage’s plans embodied most of the fundamental elements of
the modern digital computer. For example, they called for sequential control—
i.e., program control that included branching, looping, and both arithmetic and
storage units with automatic printout. Babbage’s device, however, was never
completed and was forgotten until his writings were rediscovered over a century
later.
References-

1. Abiahu, M.F.C. (2014). Practical Approach to Accounting Information System Development (2nd
Ed.). Awka: One Way Technologies Limited.

Bennet, M., Bouma, J.J., Wolters, T. (Eds.), 2004. Environmental Management Accounting:
Informational and Institutional Developments. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

2. Booty, W., Wong, I., Lam, D., Resler, O., 2009. A decision support system for environmental
effects monitoring. Environmental Modelling & Software 24 (8), 889e900.

3. Frank, W. and Sangester, A. (1999). Business accounting II, (8th Ed.). Britain: Financial Time’s
Prentice Hall.