Table Of contents:

Introduction:....................................................................................................................................2

Experimental Results:......................................................................................................................2

Data Analysis:..................................................................................................................................2

Part 2:...........................................................................................................................................2

Part: 3...........................................................................................................................................3

Discussion:.......................................................................................................................................5

Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................7

Appendix:........................................................................................................................................8
Introduction:
This lab consists of three different parts in which magnetic field are produced from

electric current by passing it though a wire. The field is also about to be studied with the help of

magnetic compass. The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field is also about ot be

studied by keeping a hiking compass in a field of unknown strength. The earth’s field is also

about to be studied by hanging a bar magnet in an unknown field. The earths filed her is

determined by determining the frequency of oscillations (torsional) created when the bar magnet

is placed in unknown field.

Experimental Results:
The experimental results are given in the Appendix.

Data Analysis:
Part 2:
Magnetic field in the coil:

The magnetic field in the coil is give by,

Bc =K∗I

Where K = 0.17 (Gauss /amp)

For trial 1,

Bc =17∗¿0.0174 = 0.2907 Gauss

Earth’s magnetic field:

 Be =Bc cosΦ

Where, Φ=80 degrees=1.396 radians

Be =0.2907 Gauss∗cos ( 80 ) (¿ radians)

Be =0.2903 Gauss

Part: 3
1
For trial 1, Frequency f = =
T
1
0.895 ( )
=1.117 S−1

2 −2
f =( 1.117∗1.117 )=1.248 S

Experimental value of Be:

The best fit line obtained from the plot of current versus F2 (s2-1)2is given as

Y = 43.036x + 0.4069

Where slope = 43.036 and y-intercept = 0.4069

K∗Y −intecept
Experimental value of Be =
Slope

Be =0.17 ( gauss
Amps ) ( 43.036 )
∗
0.4069

Be =0.17∗0. 945=0.1 60 G

Error in calculation of Be:

gauss
σ x =error ∈ K =0.002
Amp
 '
σ y =error ∈' b =0.002Gauss

σ z =error ∈' m'=0.08 Gauss

σ XY =√ ¿ ¿
Z

√( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
0.002 0.002 0.08
σ XY = + +
Z
0.17 0.4069 43.036

σ XY =√ ( ( 0.01176 ) ¿ ¿ 2 ¿+ ( 0.004915 ) + ( 0.001858 ) )¿ ¿

2 2

σ XY =0.0128 Gauss
Z

Discrepancy:

Discrepancy, d=∣B e −Be ∣

exp th

d=∣0.192−0.160 ∣

d=0.031 Gauss

Calculation of σ d :

σ d= √ σ 2th + σ 2exp

σ d= √0.012 +0.012

σ d=0.01 4 Gauss
Discussion:
Table of Results:

Average magnetic field (Beth) 0.192 G

Standard deviation of Beth 0.0521 G

Experimental magnetic field (Bexp) 0.160 G

Error in Bexp ± 0.0128 G

Discrepancy ‘d’ 0.032

Error in difference 0.014

Table 1: Table of results

Physics of the experiment:

During the part A of the experimentation, the compass is placed above the loop in horizontal

plane of the current carrying circular loop which is kept in a vertical plane. The compass showed

north direction and it confirms the field is flowing in south. The points are noted as 230 degrees

(located between south and west).When the compass is kept below the circular loop, the compass

pointed out in northwest direction at 350 degrees from north. It is clearly visible that the position

of the compass is opposite to the direction flow of the magnetic field. The images are given

below as follows.
 Figure 1: a. Position of compass when placed above the circular loop.
b. Position of the compass when placed below the Circular loop.

When the loop is rotated in the vertical axis to about 90 degrees, the following

observations are noted. The compass pointed out degrees from the north when compass is placed

above the coil. The compass then turned to 70 degrees from north (positioned in northeast) when

placed below the loop. The direction of flow of current and the magnetic field is also pointed out

in the below diagram. This directional flow of current and the flow of magnetic field obey the

right hand rule.

Figure 2: a. Position of compass when placed above the rotated circular loop.
b. Position of the compass when placed below the Circular loop.
 The theoretical value of magnetic field is found to be 0.192 G by taking the average of

tested trials. The experimental value of the magnetic field is found to be 0.160 G from the best fit

K∗Y −intecept
line equation of Y = 43.036x + 0.4069 and the formulation , Be = . The error in
Slope

the slope and the y-intercept is also found to be ±2.296 and ± 0.065 respectively. The

experimental error in calculation of Be is ±0.0128 G. The Discrepancy stands at 0.031 G and the

error in propagation at 0.176 G. The relation d ˂ σ d assures that the results comes in agreement

with the experimental sources of error.

Errors:

The most common sources of error in this section are the observation error and most of them

were random error. Since the observations using component such as timer and the stop watch,

the occurrence of random error are obvious. Other sources of error includes intrinsic random

error occurred due to active magnetic field and interference and their error values are defined.

The results demonstrate precision to good extent as the results comes in agreement within errors.

Conclusion:
The concept of creating magnetic field with the help of current carrying wire is studied

successfully and the characteristics of magnetic field are also revealed by means of placing

compass in its magnetic field. The value of earth’s magnetic field is found out from hiking

compass placed on a known filed. The experimental value of the earth’s filed is also found by

hanging a bar magnet in known filed. The oscillations occur in hanging bar magnet is used to

find the earth’s magnetic field and the results are found to be in agreement within experimental

error. It is clear that this experiment on’ Earth’s magnetic field’ is a success.
Appendix: