IT SKILLS

LAB
ASSIGNMENTS

SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO:

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NEHA KHAN
DR. MONIKA
MBA (1ST SEMESTER)
U.P. INSTITUTE OF DESIGN
NOIDA

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 Acknowledgement

In preparation of my IT Skills Lab assignment, I had to take

the help and guidance of some respected persons, who deserve
my deepest gratitude. As the completion of this assignment
gave me much pleasure, I would like to show my
gratitude Dr. Monika Singh, Course Instructor, in UPID,
NOIDA for giving me a good guideline for assignment
throughout. I would also like to expand my gratitude to all
those who have directly and indirectly guided me in writing
this assignment.

In addition, a special thanks to all my friends and classmates

who have made valuable comment and suggestions on my
work which gave me an inspiration to improve the quality of
the assignment.

Kind Regards
NEHA KHAN

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 INDEX

S. No. CONTENT Page No. Date

1. LAB - Assignment 1 4 30/12/2020
2. Brief notes on Network Topologies 10 12/01/2021
3. LAB - Assignment 2 14 13/01/2021
4. LAB - Assignment 3 16 25/01/2021
5. LAB - Assignment 4 36 09/02/2021
6. LAB - Assignment 5 43 10/02/2021
7. LAB - Assignment 6 45 13/02/2021
8. LAB - Assignment 7 50 16/02/2021
9. LAB - Assignment 8 51 28/02/2021
10. LAB - Assignment 9 59 01/03/2021

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IT SKILLS LAB
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 ASSIGNMENT - 3

UNIT – 2

WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM

Windows is a series of operating systems developed by Microsoft. Each version

of Windows includes a graphical user interface, with a desktop that allows users to view files and
folders in windows. For the past two decades, Windows has been the most widely used operating
system for personal computers PCs.

Some Common Computer Operating Systems

Best Features of Windows Operating System:

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1. Security Management
The information and confidential data stored in the system is protected by the operating system and
block the system by giving strong authorized keys to the user securing the system from malware
attack. The operating system acts as supervisor mode and gives the system a strongly protected
firewall. OS handle and rectify the errors as soon as possible without any difficulty.

2. Process Management
The program execution is managed effectively by the operating system without any overlapping or
time delay. The management of the process supports OS to develop and eliminate process and
provides mechanism form communication and synchronization within multiple processes.

3. Storage and Memory Management

OS performs memory management and virtual memory multitasking. The need for memory
management in OS is to allocate and de-allocate memory space to process in demand of resources or
if they are running out of memory that leads to alerts called file system and disk space is high or full.
So it is advisable to view and take back up of the memory and storage devices periodically. The
system has many storage hierarchies like primary, secondary, and cache storage. Pseudocode and data
should be saved in the Cache so that the running process can refer to it in case of any issues. The
operating system can do resource allocation and prevent the system from overloading.

4. Disk Management
OS permits disk access to manage files systems, file system device drivers and related activities of
files like retrieval, naming, sharing, storage and protection of files.

5. I/O Operations
OS can effectively handle I/O operations to hide the peculiar behavior of hardware from the end-user.

6. Loading and Execution

The command interpretation is made to interpret the given commands and make the resources to act
on the system by processing the commands. The group of processors that don’t share a memory or
hardware device is called a distributed system where the processor interacts with another device all

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through the network. OS coordinates and assigns the interpreters, compilers and other software
resources of the different uses of the computer system. Booting is one of the important features of  the
operating system, that is making the computer’s OS to start and load the computer to work.

7. Device Management
The device and printer controlling are managed by an operating system by permitting a correct flow.
Disk management is performed to track all hardware connected to the system and also the resource
utilized by different jobs and users. It is one of the responsible for the I/O controller.

ELEMENTS OF GUI:

Graphical User Interface makes use of visual elements mostly. These elements define the appearance
of the GUI. Some of these are described in detail as follows −

Window

This is the element that displays the information on the screen. It is very easy to manipulate a
window. It can be opened or closed with the click of an icon. Moreover, it can be moved to any area
by dragging it around. In a multitasking environment, multiple windows can be open at the same time,
all of them performing different tasks.

There are multiple types of windows in a graphical user interface, such as container window, browser
window, text terminal window, child window, message window etc.

Menu

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A menu contains a list a choices and it allows users to select one from them. A menu bar is displayed
horizontally across the screen such as pull down menu. When any option is clicked in this menu, then
the pull down menu appears.

Another type of menu is the context menu that appears only when the user performs a specific action.
An example of this is pressing the right mouse button. When this is done, a menu will appear under
the cursor.

Icons

Files, programs, web pages etc. can be represented using a small picture in a graphical user interface.
This picture is known as an icon. Using an icon is a fast way to open documents, run programs etc.
because clicking on them yields instant access.

Controls

Information in an application can be directly read or influences using the graphical control elements.
These are also known as widgets. Normally, widgets are used to display lists of similar items,
navigate the system using links, tabs etc. and manipulating data using check boxes, radio boxes etc.

Tabs

A tab is associated with a view pane. It usually contains a text label or a graphical icon. Tabs are
sometimes related to widgets and multiple tabs allow users to switch between different widgets. Tabs
are used in various web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Safari etc. Multiple web
pages can be opened in a web browser and users can switch between them using tabs.

MOUSE:

A computer mouse is a handheld pointing device and input device used with all desktop computers

that moves the mouse pointer on the screen. To help with portability, mobile devices like a laptop use
a touchpad instead of a mouse. Devices like a smartphone and tablet use a touch screen for their
pointer input. 

Before you can begin to use the mouse, it must be connected correctly to the computer and working.

USES OF MOUSE:

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Movement Mouse Cursor – This is main function of mouse is moving form, when we roll mouse up
or down then mouse cursor move on the computer screen.

Selection – With using mouse users can select any images, text, any file, and folder etc, and then can
be performed other tasks such as copy, delete and paste.

Drag – Mouse allows to users for moving any objects with the help of drag – drop function. In this
method, firstly select object then can be move object while pressing the mouse button, and drop object
where to place it.
Hovering – When mouse cursor over on the clickable object then display the information without
pressing any button of mouse, and change the color of links as well. Can be go destination page, after
pressing that hyperlink.
Scroll Up & Down – If, you perform any activates on the enlarge document, then you need mouse’s
scroll button for doing up and down your document page, otherwise user can up & down scroll bar
while pressing mouse cursor.
Program Execution – With the help of mouse, users can execute many task such as open file, close
folder, maximize-minimize any windows, double clicks for opening object and more.
Editing – Mouse allows to users to editing images in the image editor software such as Photoshop,
CorelDraw, and Picasa etc.
Playing Game – With using mouse, users can play various games such as chase game, in that game
need mouse for selecting any particular objects.
Combination Activities – Many tasks can be performed by using some keyboard keys along with
mouse such as CTRL+Mouse click for hyperlink in new windows and CTRL+Scrolling for zooming
in – out screen etc.
Operate Audio/Video – Some special mouse have multimedia buttons for controlling the audio/video
such as do enhance/ down volume level etc.

MY COMPUTER ICON:

"My Computer" gives us an overview about different types of drives present in the computer.
The My Computer folder is a gateway to all the data stored on the computer, attached devices, and
the network -- as well as a shortcut to most of your system information.

 My Computer allows the user to access the local drives, such as the local disk, also known as the C:
Drive. The user can also access external drives.

RECYCLE BIN:

The recycle bin is an icon on the Windows desktop that represents a directory where deleted files are
temporarily stored. This enables you to retrieve files that you may have accidentally deleted. From
time to time, you'll want to purge the recycle bin to free up space on your hard disk.

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STATUS BAR:

A status bar is a horizontal window at the bottom of a parent window in which an application can

display various kinds of status information. The status bar is the area at the bottom of
the window that contains help text and coordinates information.

STAR AND MENU & MENU-SELECTION:

The Start menu is a graphical user interface element used in Microsoft Windows,

since Windows 95 and in some other operating systems. It provides a central launching point for
computer programs and performing other tasks.

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 Menu selection permits you to specify control entries by pointing at displayed options or keying
associated codes. The good menu indicates the current position in a hierarchic menu structure. The
bad menu shows an alternative design for the same functions.

RUNNING AN APPLICATION:

The Microsoft Windows Task Manager is a general, quick, and easy method of seeing what
is running on the computer. You can access the Task Manager by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del on your
keyboard, then select Task Manager. You can also right-click with your mouse on the Windows
Taskbar and select Task Manager.

WINDOWS EXPLORER:

File Explorer, previously known as Windows Explorer, is a file manager application that is

included with releases of the Microsoft Windows operating system from Windows 95 onwards. It
provides a graphical user interface for accessing the file systems.

STEPS TO VIEW A FILE:

1. Open the program you want to use to view the file. ...

2. Once the program is opened, from the file menu, select Open or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + O.
3. In the Open window, browse to the location of the file, select the file, and then click OK or Open.

FILE EXPLORER
You can view and organize files and folders using a built-in application known as File
Explorer (called Windows Explorer in Windows 7 and earlier versions).

To open File Explorer, click the File Explorer icon on the taskbar, or double-click any folder on your
desktop. A new File Explorer window will appear. Now you're ready to start working with your files
and folders.

From File Explorer, double-click a folder to open it. You can then see all of the files stored in that
folder.

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Notice that you can also see the location of a folder in the address bar near the top of the window.

To open a file:

There are two main ways to open a file:

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  Find the file on your computer and double-click it. This will open the file in
its default application. In our example, we'll open a Microsoft Word document
(BdayInvites.docx), which will open in Microsoft Word.

Open the application, and then use the application to open the file. Once the application is open,
you can go to the File menu at the top of the window and select Open.

Renaming Files

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To rename a file or folder, right-click the file or folder, then select Rename.

You can also click the name of the file or folder once, wait one second, and then click the name of the
file or folder again.

Opening and closing of different Windows:

To Open an Application Window

From the Front Panel:

1. Press Alt+Tab to move the keyboard focus to the Front Panel.

2. Press the arrow keys to move the highlight within the Front Panel and select a control.
3. Press Return or the Spacebar to choose the control and open the application's window.

From Application Manager:

1. Open the Application Manager window by choosing its Front Panel control as described
above.
2. Press the arrow keys to move the highlight to an application group icon within the
Application Manager window.
3. Press Return twice to open the application group.
4. Press the arrow keys to move the highlight to an application or action icon, then press Return
twice to start the application.

From a terminal emulator window:

1. Open a terminal emulator window by choosing its Front Panel control as described above.
2. When the window opens, type the command that starts the application.

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To Close an Application Window

Closing a window removes it from all workspaces.

1. Press Alt+Tab to move the highlight to the window you want to close.
2. Press Alt+F4.

 Caution -
Save your work, before closing an application window.

WINDOWS SETTING

Control Panels:

The Control Panel is a component of Microsoft Windows that provides the ability to view and change
system settings. It consists of a set of applets that include adding or removing hardware and software,
controlling user accounts, changing accessibility options, and accessing networking settings.

Press the Windows logo on your keyboard, or click the Windows icon in the lower-left of your

screen to open the Start Menu. There, search for "Control Panel." Once it appears in the search
results, just click its icon.

The Windows Control Panel can be accessed by clicking the Start menu and selecting Control Panel.
It is also available in the "Other Places" section of the window's sidebar when you open My
Computer. In Windows XP and Windows Vista the Control Panel can be viewed in either Category
View or Classic View. Category View arranges the control panels into sections, while Classic View

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 shows them all at once. While the Category View is designed to make locating different settings
easier, people familiar with most of the control panels often find the Classic View more efficient.

Wallpaper and Screen Savers Settings:

A screen saver is a lot of fun on your computer and can be personalized to your taste. If you want an
animated sequence to appear on your desktop when your computer isn’t in use for a period of time, set
a screen saver. Screen savers are animations that appear after your computer has remained inactive for
a time.

To set up a screen saver, follow these steps:

1. Right-click the desktop and choose Personalize.

The Personalization window appears.

2. Click the Screen Saver button.
The Screen Saver Settings dialog box appears.

3. From the Screen Saver drop-down list, choose a screen saver. Use the arrows in the Wait xx Minutes
text box to set the number of inactivity minutes to determine how long Windows 7 waits before
displaying the screen saver.

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 Some screen savers allow you to modify their settings: for example, how fast they display or how
many lines they draw on-screen. To customize this, click the Settings button when in the Screen Saver
Settings dialog box.
4. Click the Preview button to preview your screen saver of choice.
If you like what you see, you’re ready to save your preview.

5. Click to stop the preview, click OK, and then click the Close button.

Setting the date and time:

1. Right-click on the time in the bottom-right of the screen and select Adjust Date/Time.

2. A window will open. On the left side of the window select the Date & time tab. Then, under "Change
date and time" click Change. ...

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3. Enter the time and press Change.

4. The system time has been updated.

CONCEPT OF MENU:

A menu is a set of options presented to the user of a computer application to help the user find
information or execute a program function. Menus are common in graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
such as Windows or the Mac OS .

USING HELP:

A Help key, found in the shape of a dedicated key explicitly labeled  Help , or as another key,
typically one of the function keys, on a computer keyboard, is a key which, when pressed, produces
information on the screen/display to aid the user in his/her current task, such as using a specific
function in an application program.
In the case of a non-dedicated Help key, the location of the key will sometimes vary between different
software packages. Most common in computer history, however, is the development of a de
facto Help key location for each brand/family of computer, exemplified by the use of  F1 on IBM
compatible PCs.

USING RIGHT BUTTON OF THE MOUSE:

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 The right button on a mouse is typically used to provide additional information and/or properties of
an item selected. For example if you highlight a word in Microsoft Word, pressing the right
button will display a drop-down menu containing the cut, copy, paste, change the font etc.

Creating Short cuts:

To create a desktop icon or shortcut, do the following:

1. Browse to the file on your hard disk for which you want to create a shortcut. ...
2. Right-click the file for which you want to create a shortcut.
3. Select Create Shortcut from the menu. ...

4. Drag the shortcut to the desktop or any other folder.

5. Rename the shortcut.

Basics of Window Setup:

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Windows Setup is an installer that prepares a hard disk drive for a Microsoft Windows operating
system installation by executing two processes: a) initializing the drive and b) copying system files to
that drive in order for the operating system to be run locally (see Volume).
The early versions of Windows required an existing compatible version of DOS operating system in
order to be installed. The Windows NT family, from 3.1 through 6.0 featured text-based installation
that prompted users to a GUI wizard in the final steps. The 9x family installer was similar to NT
despite it being MS-DOS-based. Additionally, it did not need preinstalled DOS as a requirement.
With the release of Windows NT 6.0 (Vista), Microsoft introduced a fully graphical setup
environment and UEFI support (partial in Windows Vista and 7, full UEFI support on Windows 8
onwards) after dropping MS-DOS backward compatibility from Windows.

Notepad:

Notepad is a generic text editor included with all versions of Microsoft Windows that allows you to
create, open, and read plaintext files. If the file contains special formatting or is not a plaintext file, it
cannot be read in Notepad. The image is a small example of what the Notepad may looks like while
running.

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WINDOW ACCESSORIES:

Windows operating system ships with some handy applications known as Windows accessories. The
Accessories folder contains traditional apps like Calculator, Paint, Notepad, WordPad Sticky
Notes, Snipping Tool, and others.

Apart from above mentioned applications, Windows has a few tools for Ease of Access and some
System Tools. We’ll be briefly discussing about them here.

Calculator:

Windows Calculator is a calculating application included in all the versions of Windows. It can be
used to perform simple calculation, scientific calculation and Programming calculation.

 Choose Start >> Calculator to start Calculator application, or

 Alternately you can type Calc in the search box >> select calculator and hit enter.
 From View menu choose the required type of calculator – Standard, Scientific, Programmer,
Statistical.
 Edit >> Copy and Paste commands can be used to input the numbers into calculator or paste
the result to other applications.

Paint:

MS Paint is a free computer program made by Microsoft that allows you to create picture files as
well as edit picture files saved on your computer. Microsoft Paint – or Paint as it is also known – can
also be used for quickly adding text to images. It's not the most advanced graphic/painting software
available but it has a cult following among fans around the world.

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Paint (formerly Paintbrush for Windows) is a simple graphics painting program that has been included
with all versions of Microsoft Windows. It is often referred to as MS Paint or Microsoft Paint. The
program opens and saves files as Windows bitmap (24-bit, 256 color, 16 color, and
monochrome) .BMP, JPEG, GIF. Paintbrush supports GIF without animation or transparency. Since
Windows 98 Paint supports GIF with transparency. It also supports PNG (without alpha channel), and
TIFF (without multiple page support).

Notepad:

Notepad is a common text-only (plain text) editor. The resulting files—typically saved with the .txt
extension—have no format tags or styles, making the program suitable for editing system files that are
to be used in a DOS environment.

Notepad supports both left-to-right and right-to-left based languages, and one can alternate between
these viewing formats by using the right or left Ctrl+Shift keys to go to right-to-left format or left-to-
right format, respectively.

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WordPad:

Microsoft WordPad is a free rich text editor included with Microsoft Windows 95 and the later.
Earlier to Windows 95 there used to be an application called Write for the same task. Although
capable of doing much more than Notepad, WordPad is not as advanced as Microsoft Word.

WordPad can format and print text, but lacks intermediate features such as a spell checker, thesaurus,
and support for tables. As such, it is suitable for writing letters or short pieces, but underpowered for
work that relies heavily on graphics or typesetting.

Sticky Notes

Sticky Notes 8 for Windows 10 allows users to create personal notes and reminders in a matter of
seconds. These are written upon virtual "notepads" and they can be placed anywhere within the
wallpaper of a screen. Notes can also be pinned from another application and it is possible to
synchronize this information with the OneDrive platform. The papers come in a variety of colors and
users are able to search all notes if they need to suddenly retrieve information. Please note that this
program can be installed for free.

Snipping Tools

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Snipping Tool is another useful of Windows accessories included in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and
Experience Pack for Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005. It was originally released as a powertoy
for the Tablet PC. The program is a screen-capture tool that allows taking screenshots (called snips) of
an open window, rectangular areas, a free-form area, or the entire screen. Snips can then be annotated
using a mouse or a tablet, saved as an image file (PNG, GIF, or JPEG file) or an HTML page, or e-
mailed.

The Snipping Tool captures all or part of the computer display screen as a picture. You can save the
picture and attach it to an e-mail or paste the picture into a document. Click the Start button, type snip,
and click the Snipping Tool from the search results. The screen fades slightly, and the Snipping Tool
toolbar appears.

Snipping tool can be used to PrintScreen, annotate and use in other applications.

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 IT SKILLS LAB
Assignment: 4

WORD PROCESSOR
Word Processor is used to create, edit, and print documents on a computer. Of all computer
Applications, word processor are the most commonly used. To perform word processing - a
Computer, word processing software and a printer are required.

Word processing software enables the user to do the following:

 To create a document.
 Store it electronically on a USB or on a computer.
 Display it on a screen.
 Modify or format it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard.
 Print the document on a printer.

What Application Software is Available?

 Microsoft Word is the most widely used word processing software.

 Many other word processing applications exist, including WordPerfect and open source
applications such as OpenOffice.org Writer, LibreOffice Writer, AbiWord, KWord, and LyX.
 Web-based word processors, such as Office Web Apps or Google Docs, are another relatively
new category of application software.

APPLICATIONS OF WORD PROCESSOR IN TERMS OF THE FOLLOWING FEATURES:

Word processing typically implies the presence of text manipulation functions that extend beyond a
basic ability to enter and change text. For the purpose of this module when discussing and explaining
word processing features the software Microsoft Office Word (Word) will be used as the example.

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BASIC COMMANDS

Basic commands include the operations necessary to view, save, print, and close a document.

 Open: Displays lists of folders and files (documents). Use this command to locate a desired
document and open (display) it on the screen.

 Save/Save As: Saves a document on a disk while leaving a copy of it on the screen. Use Save As
the first time a document is saved (give it a filename) and to rename a document. Use Save to
save a revised document without renaming it.

 Print Preview: Shows a document as it will look when printed, including multiple pages in one
view.

 Print: Prints documents. Select print options and settings (Print dialog box) before printing.
 Close: Removes a document from the display screen. If the document has not been saved, you
will be prompted to save it before closing.

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EDITING FEATURES

Editing features allow the user to locate, revise, correct, and rearrange text in a document.

 Copy: Copies selected text so it can be placed in another location, leaving the original text
unchanged.
 Cut: Removes selected text from the current location.
 Paste: Places selected text that has been copied or cut at another location.
 Find: Locates a specified keystroke, word, or phrase in a document.
 Available Find options include:
 Find only occurrences that match the specified case.
 Find only whole words containing the specified text.
 Find all forms of a specified word.
 Find specified text using the asterisk (*) and question mark (?) as wildcard (unspecified)
characters.
 Replace: Finds a specified keystroke, word, or phrase, and then replaces it with another
keystroke, word, or phrase. All occurrences of the specified text can be replaced at one time, or
replacements can be made individually (selectively).
 Select: Highlights text on which various operations may be performed. Use the mouse and/or key
combinations to select text. Once selected, the text can be bolded, underlined, italicized, deleted,
copied, and moved, printed, saved, etc.
 Spell-Check: Checks words, documents, or parts of documents for misspellings.
 Undo: Reverses the last change made in the text. This feature restores moved text to its original
location.
 Redo: Reverses the last Undo action.
 Typeover: Replaces existing text with newly keyed text (also called Overstrike or Overtype).

ENHANCEMENT FEATURES

Enhancement features improve the appearance of a document and/or emphasize important words,
phrases, or sentences.

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 Bold: Prints text darker than other copy as it is keyed. Bold may be added after text has been
keyed by first selecting the text.
 Borders: Adds a border to any or all sides of a page, paragraph, or column, as well as to a table
or a cell within a table. Page border options may include small pictures. Borders not only enhance
appearance, but also make text easier to read by emphasizing certain passages. Borders are most
effective when used sparingly.
 Bullets: Highlights each item in a list with a heavy dot or other character, as demonstrated in this
list of features. Bullets add visual interest and emphasis.
 Change Case: Changes capitalization. The lowercase option changes all selected text to
lowercase; the UPPERCASE option changes selected text to all capitals. The Sentence case
option capitalizes the first letter of the first word, and the Title Case option capitalizes the first
letter of each selected word.
 Drop Cap: Formats paragraphs to begin with a large dropped capital letter. Drop caps are objects
(pictures) that can be formatted and sized.
 Font: Consists of the typeface, style, size, and any effects used. Font features may be changed
before or after text is keyed. The number and size of fonts available depends on the software and
printer used.
 Typeface: Refers to the design of the characters. Examples include Times New Roman,
Courier New, and Arial.
 Styles: Include bold and italic.
 Size: Measured in points such as 10 point or 12 point. One point is about 1⁄72 of an inch.
 Effect: Added to give text a special look. Examples of effects are shadow, emboss, and
small caps. Effects should be used infrequently.
 Italic: Prints letters that slope up toward the right. Italic may be added after text has been keyed
by first selecting the text.
 Numbering: Shows the proper order of a series of steps or items. Use numbers instead of bullets
whenever the order of items is important.
 Shading: Add colour or patterns to paragraphs or table cells to emphasize them and focus the
reader’s attention on the contents.
 Superscript: Places text slightly higher than other text on a line. Superscript is commonly used
for footnotes and endnotes, and for mathematical formulas and equations.
 Underline: Underlines text as it is keyed. An underline may be added after text has been keyed
by first selecting the text.
 Watermark: Prints any desired text or graphics behind the main text on document pages.

FORMATTING FEATURES

Formatting features change the arrangement, or layout, of pages. These features include aligning text
vertically and horizontally, indenting and hyphenating text, and changing margins and line spacing.

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 Alignment: Refers to the horizontal position of a line of text (also called justification).
 Use left alignment to start text at the left margin (even left margin).
 Use right alignment to align text at the right margin (even right margin).
 Use center alignment to center text between the left and right margins.
 Uses justify alignment for even left and right margins.

 Center Page: Centers text between top and bottom margins of a page. This feature leaves an
equal (or nearly equal) amount of white space above and below text. Inserting two hard returns
below the last keyed line gives centered documents a better appearance.
 Hyphenation: Automatically divides (hyphenates) words that would normally wrap to the next
line. When used with left-aligned text, hyphenation makes the right margin less ragged, making
text more attractive.
 Indent: Moves text away from the left or right margin.
 Left indent (paragraph indent) moves the text one tab stop to the right (usually 0.5"), away
from the left margin.
 Hanging indent moves all but the first line of a paragraph 0.5" (one tab stop) to the right.
Hanging indent is commonly used on bibliographies and reference pages.
 Line Spacing: Changes the amount of blank space between lines of text.
 Margins: Changes the amount of blank space at the top, bottom, right, and/or left edges of a
page. Default margin settings are not the same for all software.
 Page Break: Inserts a soft page break automatically when the current page is full. A hard page
break can be inserted manually to start a new page before the current page is full.
 Tab: Aligns text according to the type of tab set. By default, most word processing software
programs have left tabs already set at half-inch (0.5") intervals from the left margin. These preset
tabs can be cleared and reset.
 Left tabs, commonly used to align words, align text evenly at the left by placing the keyed
text to the right of the tab setting.
 Right tabs, commonly used to align whole numbers, align text evenly at the right by placing
the keyed text to the left of the tab setting.
 Decimal tabs align numbers at the decimal point, regardless of the number of places before or
after the decimal point.
 Dot Leader tabs automatically place dot leaders (. . . .) between columns of designated text.
The leaders lead the reader’s eyes from text in the left column to text in the right column.
 Text Wrapping: Positions text in relation to an inserted object (graphic). Text may appear above
and below, around, behind, or in front of an object.
 Widow/Orphan: Ensures that the first line of a paragraph does not appear by itself at the bottom
of a page (orphan line) or that the last line of a paragraph does not appear by itself at the top of a
page (widow line).

41
INSERT FEATURES

Various commands on the Insert menu are used to add page numbers, dates, headers, footers, and
footnotes and to insert symbols, clip art, files, pictures, shapes, text boxes, and word art.

 Shapes: Adds a variety of shapes (rectangles, stars, banners, arrows, flow chart symbols, etc.) to a
document.

 Clip Art: Drawings, pictures, sounds, and video clips can be inserted into documents. A
collection of clip art files is provided with word processing software; additional clip art can be
purchased or downloaded from the Internet.

 Date: Automatically inserts the date into a document. Some software contains an Update option
that automatically replaces the previous date with the current date each time the document is
opened or printed.

 Footnote and Endnote: Identifies sources quoted or paraphrased in the text or gives extra
information about the main text. Word processing software automatically positions and prints
each footnote at the bottom of the same page as the reference to it. It prints endnotes on a separate
page at the end of a report. When footnotes or endnotes are edited, added, or deleted, the software
feature automatically makes the necessary changes in numbering, formatting, and page breaks.

 Header and Footer: Adds text (such as a chapter title, date, filename, or name of a person or
company) or graphic (a company logo, for example) in the top margin (header) or bottom margin
(footer) of a page. Headers or footers often include page numbers.

 Page Numbers: Places page numbers in a specified location on printed pages.

 Most software contains a variety of numbering styles from which to choose:
 Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3),
 lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii),
 uppercase Roman numerals (I, II, III),
 uppercase letters (A, B, C), and
 Lowercase letters (a, b, c).
 Numbers can be placed at the top or bottom of the page, and aligned at the left margin, center,
or right margin.
 The Hide or Suppress option keeps the page number from appearing on a specified page.
 Text Boxes: Frequently used for labels or callouts in a document. Once a text box is inserted in a
document, it can be formatted, resized, and moved.

 Word Art: Changes text into a graphic object. Most word processing software programs have a
word art gallery that contains predefined styles such as curved or stretched text.

42
MAIL MERGE AND LABEL PRINTING

Mail merge is the batch mailing of letters - using a letter template and a data file or address database.
Instead of a business or college creating multiple copies of the same letter to send out in the post, one
letter and one data file is created. The letter and data file are merged together - which means the
names and address are automatically added to each of the letters and envelopes from the database or
data file.

Mail merge can automatically create a batch of labels for the data file and print the labels to labels
stickers or directly to envelopes depending on the capacity of a printer.

43
NEHA KHAN
Address: 161K, MUDAINAVADA SULTANPUR,
U.P. (227808)
Phone: +91 9958445180
Email: nehakhan55555@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE: Secure a responsible career opportunity to fully utilize my training and skills,
while making a significant contribution to the success of the company.

PROJECTS: Completed a summer training on "Maintenance and manufacturing of Insulators"

from BHEL Jagdishpur.

Completed 2 months summer training on "Electronics development for CNT- IR

Detectors" from (SSPL) DRDO, Timarpur Delhi-110054. 

Completed 6 months project on "Electronics development for CNT based GAS

Sensors" from (SSPL) DRDO, Timarpur Delhi-110054.

EDUCATION: Pursuing…
Masters in Business Administration, UPID Noida, AKTU.
2017
Masters in Science (Electronics), Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi –
110025
2015
Bachelors in Science Hons. (Electronics), SRCASW University of Delhi, New
Delhi – 110096
2012
Intermediate, K.N.I.C.E. Sultanpur, U.P. -228001
2010
High School, K.N.I.C.E. Sultanpur, U.P. -228001

 Good Communication Skills

 Positive approach
STRENGTH
 Ability to learn new things
&
 Accepting new challenges
SKILLS:
 Technical Knowledge
 Team-Worker
 Confident & Focused

44
  Proficient with Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.
TECHNICAL  Knowledge of programming languages C & C++.
SKILLS:  Processor knowledge: Microprocessor 8085& 8086, 8051 microcontroller.
 Good knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment,
etc.

Date of Birth : 03-01-1996

PERSONAL Gender : Female
DETAILS: Nationality : Indian
Marital Status : Single/Unmarried
Languages : English, Hindi

DECLERATION: I hereby certify that all the information mentioned above is true to the best of
my knowledge. I understand any willful misstatement described herein may lead
to my disqualification or dismissal, if engaged. 

Date …………. 

Place ………… 
(Neha Khan)

45
 IT SKILLS LAB
Assignment- 6

MS WORD: INSERT TAB

The Insert Tab is used to insert different features such as tables, pictures, clip art, shapes, charts, page
numbers, word art, headers, and footers into a document. This tab contains all the commands for
inserting items into your documents.

 Pages,
 Tables,
 Illustrations,
 Add-ins,
 Media,
 Links,
 Comments,
 Header & Footer,
 Text, and
 Symbols.

PAGES GROUP

 Cover Page: This button can be used to insert a pre-formatted cover page for a document.
The information that is to appear on the page is filled in after the page is created.

 Blank Page: To insert a new blank page for a document at the cursor position, click this
button.

 Page Break: Click this button to end a page at the current cursor position and start a new
page.

46
TABLES GROUP

 Tables: This button is used to insert a table into the document. A grid will appear that can be
used to create the table. Additional options for creating a table are also available, such as
drawing a table or using the Quick Tables feature.

ILLUSTRATIONS GROUP

 Picture: To insert a picture from a file on the computer into the document, click this button.
The Insert Picture dialog box will appear. This dialog box is used to select the picture that is
to be inserted into the document.

 Online Pictures: Click this button to find and insert pictures from the Bing Image Search
site. It is also possible to log into a Microsoft Account to insert pictures.

 Shapes: This button is used to insert ready-made shapes such as circles, squares, arrows, and
triangles into a document. When the button is clicked, a gallery of different shapes will
appear. To insert a shape, click the desired shape and then draw the shape in the document.

 Smart Art: To insert a Smart Art graphic into the document, click this button. Smart Art
graphics are objects such as Venn diagrams and organizational charts. When the button is
clicked, a gallery of different categories and shapes will be displayed.

 Chart: Use this feature to insert a bar, area, or line chart. When this button is clicked the
Insert Chart dialog box will display. In this dialog box, it is possible to specify the type of
chart.

 Screenshot: This feature can be used to insert a picture of any window that is available on the
desktop. When the button is clicked, a gallery of the available windows will display. Click
any of the window icons. An image of that window will appear in the Word document.

47
ADD-INS GROUP

 Store: To insert add-ins from the Office Store, select this option.
 My Add-ins: Use this feature to insert an App into a document and use the Web to enhance
the work. Apps need to be downloaded from the Office Store before they can be inserted into
the document.
 Wikipedia: This feature is used to access Wikipedia content from Office. Using this feature
will simplify the process of referencing text and images.

MEDIA GROUP

 Online Video: This feature is used to insert videos from a variety of sources. When the
button is clicked, three options are available: Bing Video Search, YouTube, and From a
Video Embed Code. It is also possible to search for videos on YouTube by logging into your
Microsoft Account.

LINKS GROUP

 Hyperlink: To insert a link to items such as a Web page, another document, or an e-mail
address, click this button. It is also possible to link to different areas of a document using
headings and bookmarks. When the button is clicked, the Hyperlink dialog box will display.
This is where the link can be specified.
 Bookmark: This button is used to create a bookmark. A bookmark is used to assign a name
to a specific area within a document. A hyperlink can then be created to the bookmark.
 Cross-Reference: While creating a document, this button is used to refer to another area in a
document such as headings, figures, and tables. Usually a hyperlink is created to the area in
the document that the cross reference is referring to.

48
COMMENTS GROUP

 Comment: This feature can be used to insert a comment about a part of a document.

HEADER AND FOOTER GROUP

 Header: To insert text that appears at the top of each page of the document, click this button.
A gallery of header styles and formats will appear. Click the heading style that is to be
applied to insert it into the document.

 Footer: This button is used to insert text that appears at the bottom of each page of the
document. A gallery of footer styles and formats will appear. Click the footer style that is
displayed to insert it into the document.

 Page Number: Click this button to insert a page number into the document. A list of page
number locations will display. Move the mouse pointer over each of the items to display a
gallery of page number styles. The Page Number will then be inserted into the Header or
Footer area of the document.

TEXT GROUP

 Text Box: Text boxes are used to highlight text within a document. Click this button to
display a gallery of different types of text boxes. Move the mouse pointer over the items for a
description of each style. To draw a textbox around selected text, click the Draw Textbox
link.

49
  Quick Parts: Click this button to insert preformatted text, auto-text, document properties, and
fields into a document. Several different types of Quick Parts are available. It is also possible
to create customized Quick Parts to use later in documents.
 WordArt: To insert decorative text into the document, click this button. A gallery of
different styles of WordArt will display. Click the desired format to create the WordArt
image.
 Drop Cap: Drop caps are used to create a large capital letter at the beginning of a paragraph.
When this button is clicked the three options for Drop Caps will display. Add a Signature
Line This button is used to insert a digital signature line into a document that indicates who
must sign the document. A Digital ID must be obtained before this feature can be used.
 Date and Time: To insert the date and time into a document, click this button. The dialog
box that appears displays several date and time formats.
 Object: Use this button to insert an object such as an Excel Worksheet or an Excel Chart into
the document. A new object can be created or another document can be inserted.

SYMBOLS GROUP

 Equation: This button is used to insert a mathematical equation into a document. The
equation tools ribbon will appear when the button is clicked. This ribbon is used to create the
equation. A list of common equations is also available.
 Symbol: Click this button to insert a symbol such as a copyright or trademark into the
document.

50
 ‫اسالمیہ ملیہ جامعہ‬

JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA

(A Central University by an Act of Parliament)

NAAC Accredited Grade ‘A’

M.SC. (ELECTRONICS) SEMESTER - IV

EXAMINATION 2017

Name of the Candidate : Neha Khan Examination Roll No. : 15MEL0016

Fathers Name : Nayyar Khan Enrollment No. : 15-3561
Category : Regular

THEORY PRACTICAL
COURSE TITLE CREDIT GRADE CREDIT GRADE
NO.
EL-401 VLSI CIRCUIT DESIGN AND DEVICE MODELLING 4 B+ - -
EL-402 SUMMER TRAINING ASSESMENT - - 2 A
EL-404 PROJECT WORK - - 12 A+
EL-403 SEMINARS AND LECTURES FROM INDUSTRY - - 2 A+

S.G.P.A SEM IV 9.50

S.G.P.A SEM III 7.29
S.G.P.A SEM II 6.71
S.G.P.A SEM I 7.71
CGPA 7.67
RESULT/REMARKS FIRST DIVISION
Note:- N denotes ‘’ not appeared or absent. D grade in a course shows that the candidate has failed in that
course. U denotes ‘’unfair means’’

Prepared By: ……………………..

Checked By: 1……………………..

ASTT CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATION

Date of Result: 03-08-2017 Date of Issue:

51
 IT SKILLS LAB
Assignment- 8

MS EXCEL

What is MS Excel?
Microsoft Office Excel is one of the most important tools to perform the calculation, analysis, and
visualization of data and information. MS Excel is a spreadsheet program where one can record
data in the form of tables.

 It helps people to organize and process data by the use of columns and rows with formulas
and some cool features of MS Excel.
 In MS-Excel 2010, row numbers range from 1 to 1048576. 
 There are a total of 1048576 rows, and columns range from A to XFD and there are a
total of 16384 columns.
 It is easy to analyze data in an Excel spreadsheet. 

How to open MS Excel?

To open MS Excel on your computer, follow the steps given below:

 Click on Start
 Then All Programs
 Next step is to click on MS Office
 And then finally, choose the MS-Excel option
Alternatively, you can also click on the Start button and type MS Excel in the search option available.

Three most important components of Excel are:

1. Cell: A cell is a smallest but most powerful part of a spreadsheet. You can enter your data into a
cell either by typing or by copy-paste. Data can be a text, a number, or a date. You can also
customize it by changing its size, font color, background color, borders, etc. Every cell is identified
by its cell address, cell address contains its column number and row number (If a cell is on 11th row
and on column AB, then its address will be AB11).

2. Worksheet: A worksheet is made up of individual cells which can contain a value, a formula, or
text. It also has an invisible draw layer, which holds charts, images, and diagrams. Each worksheet
in a workbook is accessible by clicking the tab at the bottom of the workbook window. In addition,
a workbook can store chart sheets; a chart sheet displays a single chart and is accessible by clicking
a tab.

52
3. Workbook: A workbook is a separate file just like every other application has. Each workbook
contains one or more worksheets. You can also say that a workbook is a collection of multiple
worksheets or can be a single worksheet. You can add or delete worksheets, hide them within the
workbook without deleting them, and change the order of your worksheets within the workbook.

MICROSOFT EXCEL WINDOW COMPONENTS

ACTIVE CELL
The thick border outline around the cell indicates that it is the Active cell inside Excel Worksheet.
The Active cell inside Excel Worksheet is used to identify the cell which is currently active. The
Active cell is where the focus is on and where the data will be entered.

COLUMNS
A column is a vertical set of cells. A single worksheet contains 16384 total columns. Every column
has its own alphabet for identity, from A to XFD. You can select a column clicking on its header.

ROWS
A row is a horizontal set of cells. A single worksheet contains 1048576 total rows. Every row has its
own number for identity, starting from 1 to 1048576. You can select a row clicking on the row
number marked on the left side of the window.

FILL HANDLE
It’s a small dot present on the lower right corner of the active cell. It helps you to fill numeric values,
text series, insert ranges, insert serial numbers, etc.

ADDRESS BAR

53
It shows the address of the active cell. If you have selected more than one cell, then it will show the
address of the first cell in the range.

What is Cell Address?

The cell address is the name by which is cell can be addressed. For Example, if row 5 is
interested in column C, then the cell address is C5. 

FORMULA BAR
The formula bar is an input bar, below the ribbon. It shows the content of the active cell and you can
also use it to enter a formula in a cell.

TITLE BAR
The title bar will show the name of your workbook, followed by the application name (“Microsoft
Excel”).

FILE MENU
The file menu is a simple menu like all other applications. It contains options like (Save, Save As,
Open, New, Print, Excel Options, Share, etc).

QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR

54
Quick Access Tool Bar (QAT) is located above Excel Ribbon. It is used to hold commonly used
commands. Quick Access Tool Bar is always visible, regardless of which tab is selected. By default,
the Quick Access Tool Bar (QAT) contains the Save, Undo and Redo button. The Quick Access Tool
Bar (QAT) is customizable so that we can add commonly used commands there.

RIBBON TAB
Ribbon tabs are the bunch of specific option group which further contains the option.
Excel Ribbon is the technical term for the row of Tabs above Formula bar. Excel Ribbon is a strip of
buttons and icons in Excel Workbook window where Excel commands are located. The buttons and
icons of Excel Ribbon are grouped in to different tabs based on the category of their functionalities.

 File

55
 File Button can be used to open a menu (called as Excel Backstage View) which contains many
options to work with the Excel file. Important options are "New", "Open", "Save", "Save As" and
"Print".

 Home
It comprises options like font size, font styles, font colour, background colour, alignment,
formatting options and styles, insertion and deletion of cells and editing options.

 Insert
It comprises of options like table format and style, inserting images and figures, adding graphs,
charts and sparklines, header and footer option, equation and symbols.

1. Tables – This group provides a superior way to organize the data. You can use Table to sort,
filter, and format the data within the sheet.

2. Illustrations – This group provides a way to insert pictures, shapes, or artwork into excel.
You can insert the pictures either directly from the computer, or you can also use Online
Picture Option to search for relevant pictures.

56
 3. Apps – You can use this group to insert an existing App into excel. You can also purchase an
App from the Store section.

4. Charts – This is one of the most useful features in Excel. It helps you visualize the data in a
graphical format. Recommended charts allow Excel to come up with the best possible
graphical combination. Excel provides various options like Pie-chart, Line Chart, Column
Chart in Excel, Bubble Chart k in Excel, combo chart in excel, Radar Chart in Excel,
and Pivot Charts in Excel.

5. Sparklines – Sparklines are mini charts that are made on the number of data and can be
displayed with these cells. There are different options available for sparklines like Line
Sparklines, Column Sparklines, and Win/Loss Sparklines.

6. Filters – There are two types of filters available – Slicer allows you to filter the data visually
and can be used to filter tables, pivot tables data, etc. The Timeline filter allows you to filter
the dates interactively.

7. Hyperlink – This is a great tool to provide hyperlinks from the excel sheet to an external URL
or files. Hyperlinks can also be used to create a navigation structure with the excel sheet that
is easy to use.

8. Text – This group is used to text in the desired format. For example, if you want to have the
header and footer, you can use this group. In addition, WordArt allows you to use different
styling for text. You can also create your signature using the Signature line feature.

9. Symbols – This primarily consists of two parts – a) Equation – this allows you to write
mathematical equations that we cannot ordinarily write in an Excel sheet. b) Symbols are
special character or symbols that we may want to insert in the excel sheet for better
representation.

 Page Layout
It comprises options like page Themes, orientation and page setup options.

 Formulas
Since tables with a large amount of data can be created in MS excel, under this feature, you can
add formulas to your table and get quicker solutions.

 Data
Adding external data (from the web), filtering options and data tools are available under this
category.

 Review
Proofreading can be done for an excel sheet (like spell check) in the review category and a reader
can add comments in this part.

 View

57
 Different views in which we want the spreadsheet to be displayed can be edited here. Options to
zoom in and out and pane arrangement are available under this category.

WORKSHEET TAB

This tab shows all the worksheets which are present in the workbook. By default you will see, three
worksheets in your new workbook with the name of Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3 respectively.

STATUS BAR

It is a thin bar at the bottom of the Excel window. It will give you an instant help once you start
working in Excel.

BENEFITS OF USING MS EXCEL

MS Excel is widely used for various purposes because the data is easy to save, and information can be
added and removed without any discomfort and less hard work.

Given below are a few important benefits of using MS Excel:

 Easy To Store Data: Since there is no limit to the amount of information that can be saved in
a spreadsheet, MS Excel is widely used to save data or to analyse data. Filtering information
in Excel is easy and convenient.
 Easy To Recover Data: If the information is written on a piece of paper, finding it may take
longer, however, this is not the case with excel spreadsheets. Finding and recovering data is
easy.
 Application of Mathematical Formulas: Doing calculations has become easier and less
time-taking with the formulas option in MS excel

58
  More Secure: These spreadsheets can be password secured in a laptop or personal computer
and the probability of losing them is way lesser in comparison to data written in registers or
piece of paper.
 Data at One Place: Earlier, data was to be kept in different files and registers when the
paperwork was done. Now, this has become convenient as more than one worksheet can be
added in a single MS Excel file.
 Neater and Clearer Visibility of Information: When the data is saved in the form of a table,
analysing it becomes easier. Thus, information is a spreadsheet that is more readable and
understandable.

MICROSOFT EXCEL FEATURES

There are several features that are available in Excel to make our task more manageable. Some of the
main features are:

AutoFormat - lets us choose many preset table formatting options.

1. AutoSum: It helps us to add the contents of a cluster of adjacent cells.
2. List AutoFill: It automatically develops cell formatting when a new component is added to
the end of a list.
3. AutoFill: It feature allows us to quickly fill cells with a repetitive or sequential record such as
chronological dates or numbers, and repeated document. AutoFill can also be used to copy
function. We can also alter text and numbers with this feature.
4. AutoShapes: Autoshapes toolbar will allow us to draw some geometrical shapes, arrows,
flowchart items, stars, and more. With these shapes, we can draw our graphs.
5. Wizard: It guides us to work effectively while we work by displaying several helpful tips and
techniques based on what we are doing. Drag and Drop feature will help us to reposition the
record and text by simply dragging the data with the help of the mouse.

59
 6. Charts: These features will help us in presenting a graphical representation of our data in the
form of Pie, Bar, Line charts, and more.
7. PivotTable: It flips and sums data in seconds and allows us to execute data analysis and
generating documents like periodic financial statements, statistical documents, etc. We can
also analyze complex data relationships graphically.
8. Shortcut Menus: These commands that are appropriate to the function that we are doing
occur by clicking the right mouse button.

IT SKILLS LAB
Assignment- 9

MS POWERPOINT
Question: What is MS PowerPoint?

Answer: PowerPoint (PPT) is a powerful, easy-to-use presentation graphics software program that

allows you to create professional-looking electronic slide shows. 

The image given below shows the main page of MS PowerPoint, where a person lands when the
program is opened on a computer system:

Question: How to open MS PowerPoint on a personal computer?

Answer: Follow the steps below to open MS PowerPoint on a personal computer:

1. Click on the start button

60
 2. Then choose “All Programs”
3. Next step is to select “MS Office”
4. Under MS Office, click on the “MS PowerPoint” 

A blank presentation is open on the screen. According to the requirement, a person can modify the
template for a presentation and start using the program.

Question: What is a PowerPoint presentation or PPT?

Answer: A combination of various slides depicting a graphical and visual interpretation of data, to
present information in a more creative and interactive manner is called a PowerPoint presentation or
PPT.

Question: What is a slide show in a PowerPoint presentation?

Answer: When all the slides of a PowerPoint presentation are set in series and then presented to a
group of people, where each slide appears one after the other, is a set pattern, this is known as a
PowerPoint slide show. 

Question: What all elements can be added to a slide?

Answer: The following elements can be added to a Powerpoint slide:

1. Clip Art
2. Graphs
3. Tables
4. Photographs
5. Charts
6. Media Clips
7. Videos

All these elements are mainly used to enhance presentation skills and make the slide more interactive.

Features of MS PowerPoint

There are multiple features that are available in MS PowerPoint which can customise and optimise a
presentation. The same have been discussed below.

 Slide Layout
Multiple options and layouts are available based on which a presentation can be created. This option
is available under the “Home” section and one can select from the multiple layout options provided.

The image below shows the different slide layout options which are available for use:

61
  Insert – Clipart, Video, Audio, etc.
Under the “Insert” category, multiple options are available where one can choose what feature they
want to insert in their presentation. This may include images, audio, video, header, footer, symbols,
shapes, etc. 

The image below shows the features which can be inserted:

 Slide Design
MS PowerPoint has various themes using which background colour and designs or textures can be
added to a slide. This makes the presentation more colourful and attracts the attention of the people
looking at it.

This feature can be added using the “Design” category mentioned on the homepage of MS
PowerPoint. Although there are existing design templates available, in case someone wants to add
some new texture or colour, the option to customise the design is also available. Apart from this, slide
designs can also be downloaded online.

Refer to the below for slide design:

62
  Animations
During the slide show, the slides appear on the screen one after the other. In case, one wants to add
some animations to the way in which a slide presents itself, they can refer to the “Animations”
category. 

The different animation styles available on PowerPoint are:

Apart from all these options; font size, font style, font colour, word art, date and time, etc. can also be
added to a PPT. 

Uses of PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint presentations are useful for both personal and professional usage. Given below are a few
of the major fields where PPT is extremely useful:

 Education – With e-learning and smart classes being chosen as a common mode of education
today, PowerPoint presentations can help in making education more interactive and attract
students towards the modified version of studying

 Marketing – In the field of marketing, PowerPoint presentations can be extremely important.
Using graphs and charts, numbers can be shown more evidently and clearly which may be
ignored by the viewer if being read

 Business – To invite investors or to show the increase or decrease in profits, MS PowerPoint
can be used

 Creating Resumes – Digital resumes can be formed using MS PowerPoint. Different

patterns, photograph, etc. can be added to the resume
 Depicting Growth – Since both graphics and text can be added in a presentation, depicting the
growth of a company, business, student’s marks, etc. is easier using PPT

63