cOMPLEX AND PRINCIPAL STRESSES

105

Example 3-4 The state of stress at a

point in a stressed material is given by
O 20 MPa, MPaand =
10 25 MPa
Determine the direction and magnitude of the principal stressestyin the material. Also locate the
planes of maximum shearing stress and calculate the normal and shearing stress on these planes.
Solution. Ox 20 MPa, o, 10 MPa, Txy25 MPa
The principal stresses are: ai olbvio odhofuiben ar
O1, O2 = % (o,
a,) + % ((o, - o,)2+ 4Ty)
+

% (20 + 10) + % (20- 10)2+ oloxbuno

4(25)2)
=

= 15 +%(100+ 2500) =15 t 25-5 40-5, 10-5 MPa

The D
principal planes are given by:
edd mi9S-800 alsM auibes
tan 20= 2 x25 505 F

20- 10 10 geid noitoenib 9ewaloolot3 as

20 78-66 0w 0odT 0
01 39-33° and 02 =129-33
Planes of maximum shear stress are given by: a 9 -30 wol oo
olorio enoia e
tan 20
26
Sano o -0-2
=-

2t 2 x 26
10 MN/m2
20=-11-34
1 -5-67° and 95-67 25 MN/m2
These planes have been
shown in Fig. 3.16. To determine
the normal and shearing stresses
20 MN/m 39 33 20MN/m2
on the planes of maximum shear 567T
stress, we have to determine the a
angle between the maximumn
25MN/m2 Plones of max.
shear stress plane and the shear stress
direction of o. In the present case 10 MN/m2
for the plane of- 5-67° inclination,
obviously 0 = - 5-67° as shown in
Fig. 3.16. Thus,
Fig. 3-16 0 0 01
= h (o, + o,)+4 (0, -o,) cos 20-ty sin 2 0
OF % (20+ 10)+ (10 -20) cos (-11-34°)-25 sin (-11-34°)
= 15 -5 x 0:98+ 25 x 0-197 =15-4.9 +4-925 15-025 MPa
T= % (a, - o ) sin 20+ Tzy Cos 20

Tmax h (10 - 20) sin (-11-34°) + 25 cos (-11-34°)

= 5 x 0-197 25 x 0-98 =0-985 +24-5 25-485 MPa

3-10 Mohr's Circle for Biaxial Stresses
3-10-1. Like Stresses. For drawing the Mohr's circle, we have to determine the angle
between the inclined plane and the o,stress. Thus Eqs. (3:8) and (3-10) can be written as:
O= + o,)+4
h (o, (o, -o,) cos 20
T = % (0, - o) sin 20
106 pa2zaat2 JA STRENGTHTH OB
OF MATERA
Squaring and adding,we get sieazoliviEIoVI229rqmostato
otn
On

This represents the equation of a circle in the o, and t co-ordinate system. Tha
he centreoit
circle is at , o | . The radius ofthe circle is (
Construction. (o,> ) G
Let OA = Og, OB = oy, AC
= CB = h (a-0,). With C as
centre, draw a circle with CB as may
radius. Make 2DCB 20in the max 2e E
anticlockwise direction. Drop
DE perpendicular on CB andjoin -
OD.Then OE = G,, DE =t, OD =O,
CH = Tmax as shown in Fig. 3.17.
Proof. Now DE = CD sin 260 Oy
T = h (o-o,) sin 20 Fig. 3-17 Mohr's stress circle
OE = OC + CE =OA + AC + CE = OA + AC + CD cos 20
O+ (o,-o5) + % (o,-o,) cos 20 pe
n h (o, + oy) + %(o,-0,) cos 20 pe
OD2 OE +ED2
oo+t 9d 99daonsie98

Gyo+2 0te3109de b
ZDOB = = inclination of resulant stress with the normal stress
LFOB = max
ar CG
sin maxOC 0:
O+ Gy
20U0niinT8-
Other cases have been drawn in Figs. 3:18 to 3-20.
3-10-2 Other Cases
() oy < og : Draw Mohr's circle as shown in Fig. 3.18.

B E

Oy

On

Fig. 3-18
COMPLEX AND PRINCIPAL STRESSESs 107

(i) o, is compressive. Draw Mohr's circle as shown in Fig. 3-19.

i g ltFig.3-19 s Blgme
iii) o, is compressive. Draw Mohr's circle as shown in Fig. 3-20.

E -1+1

Fig. 3-20

Example 3-5 The principal

stresses at a point in a strained1 y =126 MN/m?
63
material are 126 MPa tensile and
stress
MPa tensile, the third principal
circular diagram
betng zero. Find by a
of stress, the magnitude and direction of
stress on a plane inclined
at og=63MN/m
resultant smaller
d t o the direction of the to
principal stress and perpendicular
he
is
plane across which the stress zero. B-30
Als0 find the maximum obliquity of the
resultant stress and its magnitude.
63 MPa
Solution. O =

(a)
o
126 MPa
Fig. 3-21
=
oy
6 30
108 Be STRENGTH OF MATERI
olsio a h e wo In the on
Tplane,
F 126 IPa, OA 63 Pa ontake OB
=

1 cm =
a
10 MPa as showniin scale of
D
With C as the centre of Fig. 3-21
with CB as
AB, drawa
circle
radius.
60°. Joint OD and Make
Pma195 ZDCB =
draw D
gb=14 60 B LAB. Then OD
Op. ZDOB =6. Bv =

measurements, we tind that OD

11-4 cm. Hence G, ll4 MPa and =

= 14°.
63
To determine the
maximum
obliquity of the resultant stres8,
126
draw OF tangential to the circle.
Then 2GOB = ¢max = 19.5° and OG =
(b)
Fig. 3-21 (op)max =9-1 cm 91 MPa. =

the principal stresses a r e 120 MPa tensile

Example 3-6 At a point in a strained material,
and 60 MPa compressive. Find the resultant stress and its direction on a plane inclined at 45° to the
axis of 120 MPa stress by Mohr's circle diagram. Also determine the maximum intensity of shear
stress in the material.
Solution. 120 MPa
Oy-60 MPa; 8 = 45

oy 60MN/m2

-60- 120
x120MN
B
)45°
B

y Ses

Scale 1 cm =20 MPa

Fig. 3-22 With
Draw OA = 120 MPa, OB = 60 MPa to a scale of 1 cm = 20 MPa, as shown in Fi8 n OD
C as the centre of AB, draw a circle with CA as radius. Make 20CD =90° and join D P a and
= O, and CD =Tmas By measurements, OD = 4-74 cm. Hence o = 94-8 MPa, Tmax
-70-5
3-11 Mohr's Circle for Complex Stresses
From Eq. (3.25), we have
On % (o, +o,) + % (o, - o) cos 20+ Tzy sin 20
T = % (o, - o ) sin 2 0 - Ty cos 20
 PRINCIPAL STRESSES
109
AND
OMPLEX

2 2
or

2 ,-.)'-4 ..(3-33)

Ea. (3-33) represents circle in the an t coordinate system whole centre is at

2
, oand
30M0
radius equal to % {(o, -O) + 472
Join PQ. With C as
Construction. (i) For o, > O, let OA =Og, OB =o, and AQ =BP Tzy.
=

OE
and CP as radius, draw the circle. Draw ZPCD 20. Draw DE L AB and join OD. Then =

centre
201 and PCF =202, 2NOF ¢max
=

DE = t and OD Op. OG O1, OF

= o2. ZPCG= = =
=
O,

On
KM Ox

A B xy
max eiq lnc iominOy eogoA
bo 1ot eelonio a'zzloM
A

for complex stresses.

Fig. 3.23 Mohr's stress circle

Fig. 3-23.
Proof. With reference to

AB =Oy Ox eo s

AC CB =% (o,-o,) de aig o f o 0 E d o t w a d a v i e a o g o
OC =OA +AC =o, + 2 (0,-O,)= {o, + o,)
OC + CD lcos 20. cos 201 + sin 20. sin 20]
=OC + CE OC + CD cos 2(0-01)
=

OE =

=OC+CD cos 20 +sin 20. O C + cos 20. BC+ sin 20. BP[ CD = CP]

Ty sin 20
2loy-o) cos 20
+
On2o, + o) +

DE = CD sin 2 (0-01)
201-cos 20. sin 20)
=
CD (sin 20. cos

BC BP
cOs 2 CP)
= CD sin 20. CP
20
= BC. sin 20 B P . cos

Sin 20 tay COs 20

T =
% (oy o)
110 e STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS
CM =
Tmax = CP = BC +Bp2

OG =OC +CG OC+CP

G1 =o,+a,)+ylo,-o.)+4t n
OF OC- FC OC- CP

e o a t O 2(o, +o)- ylo, o.)+43

-

OD OE +DE2

DE
tan o=
OE n

tan 20, , 2t
Angles of principal planes are 61 and Og = 90° +0 as shown in Fig. 3:23.
Mohr's circles for other cases of stress have been shown in Fig. 3.24 to 3:28.
(ii) o, <o Draw Mohr's circle as shown in Fig. 3-24.

T
-Oy
A

Fig. 3-24
(iii) o, is compressive. Draw Mohr's circle as shown in Fig. 3.25. OA

-1 JA O 28
- O

Fig. 3-25
 PRINCIPAL STRESSE 111
MPLEX AND
i s compressive. Draw Mohr's circle as shown in Fig. 3-26.
oklo
0 to ateoe s o
y

On

I+19n
A G
1729 gd moviy o o acala Leqioain 9
xy - 0093- 0
t e 10ed co lq olf M0 tiogb MO wed (d)
Fig. 3-26
MORSB
(w) = 0. Draw Mohr's circle as shown in Fig. 3-27.
G,
=
Tay
(vi) o = 0. Draw Mohr's circle as shown in Fig. 3-28.
=
o,

alqma
On snolg bagpp
Dguotieg slt
o silh (ol dliosligomg
t e osde asico

Fig. 3-27 Fig. 3-28 noiburkoB

state of stress shown in Fig. 3-29. Determine
Example 3-6 Draw the Mohr's circle for the stress at the point,
C, (6) theplanes of maximum shear
(anormal and shear stresses on theplane Ashear stress, and (d)Principal stresses and principal
t a n t stress on the planes of maximum
planes.
TO0eid sdhin eds omotunts olor

930 ds aldfoutw.9 gatog 30

din 40MPa ot levp 20ba7 bo

47.5 sfonio ods
G
86
86MPa
N60
AS30 Bl
47.5 MPa es
40

Scale 1 cm = 20 MPa Fig. 3-300

Fig. 3-29
112 e STRENGTH F MATERA
Solution. oy 86 MPa; o, =-40 MPa, Tay-475 MPa;0 300
Choose a scale of 1 cm = 20 MPa
OA = 86 MPa = 4:3 cm
Take
OB = 40 MPa = 2 cm

Draw AQ and BP perpendiculars to AB each equal to 475 MPa, i.e. 2-375 cm

cm.
PQ. With C as centre and CP
Join as radius draw the circle.

Make ZPCD = 60°. Drop DE1AB.

(a) Then OE = O DE = T. OD =O. By measurements, we find that
t 3:9 cm =78 MPa, o, = 1:7 cm =34 MPa

Principal planes are given by

201 = PCG =143°
1= 71-5, O2 = 90° + 01 = 161-5°

(b) Draw CM 1 AB and joi OM. The planes of maximum shear stress are given by
201 = PCM = 53°

1 26-5;02 =0 +90° =116-5 wdE 0taor

c) Resultant stress on the planes of maximum shear stress is given by OM.
OM 4-1 cm = 82 MPa

(d) O1 OG= 102 MPa; O2 OF 56 MPa = = -

Example 3-7 At apoint in apiece of material, the principal stress on a plane Ais236N
tensile and the component stresses on a second plane B at the same point are a normal stressof oo
MPa tensile and a shear stress of 47-2 MPa. The principal stress on a third plane perpendicu
the Aand Bplanes is zero. Determine graphically, (a) the angle between the Aand Bplanes,(atth
other principal stress on plane A, (c) the maximum shear stress, and (d) the maximum ange na
resultant stress can make with normal to any plane at the point.
Solution. Take OF
23-6 MPa and OE = 86-6 MPa

along o, axis to a 10
scale of 1 cm =

MPa as shown in Fig. 3-31. Draw

DE 1 OE such that DE = 47-2
MPa. Since points F and D lie on a
circle, therefore, the right bisector ma43 N
MN of FD must intersect the line
OE at point C, which is the centre
ofthe circle. Then with C as centre O 254
and radius equal to CF describe
the circle. Join CD. Then h ZFCD
+23-6
= 127°, gives the angle between 47-2MN7
the planes A and B. The other
MN/m2
principal stress OG 123-5 MPa.
=

Maximum CH
shear stress tmar =

= 49-5 MPa. Draw OK tangential

to the circle. Then ZFON = max=
86 6MN
43 gives the maximum obliquity
resultant stress. Fig. 3-31
of the
 PRINCIPAL STRESSES 113
OMPLEX AND

3:12
Ellipse of Stress
3-12-1 Like Stresses
Construction. Draw two circles with O as centre and radii equal to o, and o, as shwon in
3-32. LetAC be the inclined plane whose normal ON is inclined at an angle 6 with the o, stress,
FigaNis. The normal euts the inner circle at M. Draw ND L OX and MP L ND and PQ L ON. Join
p Then 0Q = Gn thenormalstress and PQ = t, the shear stress. OP = Gp, the resultant stress.
n - . the angle which the resultant stress makes with the normal stress.
POQ =

B
os algioe
y

Fig. 3-32 Ellipse of stress for like stresses.

Proof. The coordinates of point P are

x = OD = O. cos 0;y = PD =ME = o, sin 0

which represents the equation of an ellipse. ofieupe uban i w eslbuo owr wad
Thus thelocus of point P isanellipse. 0 feliolot e en bn eM o0
OP = OD? + PD2

a=0cOs0+a sin 20 Vw
90ep o 9
a,=ocs0+a sin20
MN = o -5y

MP = MN cos 0 =
(o, -

O,) cos 09
PQ = MP sin 0
2 (o-Oy) sin 20
=(0,-oy) cos 0 sin 0
=
T
d ofyre edt
0Q = OM + MQ = OM + MP cOs = oy +
(o-,) cos2
, =
o, cos20 + o, sin2 0

PQ o 0, sin 20
tan o=
0Q o COs 0 +ay sin 0 Ox Cot 6 +
o, tan 0
3-12-2 Unlike Stresses. Let a, be compressive. ln this case draw ME LOX and produce
downward
r d to meet the a, circle at M'. Also draw ND L OX. Draw M'PL NDb produced
to meet downward as
Bhown in Fig. 3-33.the L ON. Join OP, Then
Dra PQ
114 STRENGTH MATERIALS

2o e
io weni aottuxten)

x
P

Fig. 3-33. Ellipse of stress for unlike stresses.

0Q = On PQ = t

and
OP=O, LPOQ = ¢

Example 3.8 A piece of mertial is

subjected to tensile stresses of 100 MPa and 50
MPa at right angles to each other. Find by
ellipse of stress, the magnitude and direction
resultant stress on aplane which makes N
of the
45° with the former stress.

Solution. Here O 100 MPa

oy 50 MPa
6 = 45 45

Draw two circles with radii equal to

scale of 1 cm 20 100- 50
100 MPa and 50 MPa to a
=

Make LXON
MPa as shown in Fig. 3.34.
=

0X and MPIND. Also draw

45°. Draw ND 1
OP.
PQ L ON. Then join
OP = o, = 79 MPa

ZPOQ =
=18°
between resultant stress and
the angle
nromal stress. Fig. 3-34
LPOD = 27

between resultant stress and o,.

the angle
Example 3.9 A rectangular block of material is subjected to a tensile stress o f
h a s h e a r

tensile stress of 40 MPa on the plane at right angles to the former, together w de
f 60 MPa on the same
planes. Fud () the direction of prncipal
principal planes, (i) mmag
stresses, and (ul) magnitude of the greatoot o planes, (L) e
principal a c i p a lplanes
(i) For the state of stress shown in
Solution.
Fig. 3-35, the direction of the
is given by,
tan 20 =- 21 2x
60 1202
x y 100-400 60 2 20,
esd
MPLEX AND PRINCIPAL STRESSES
115
20= tanl 22
20= 63° 26
0 31° 43 LO MN/m2
0 90°+(31° 43') = 121° 43
O8OT 60 MN/m2
oy,a,02=Mo, +o,)+%|[%, ,+47 xy 100- 01 100 MN/m2
4(100+40) +%(100- 40) +4(60?
70 t 30 v5 =
137-08 MPa, 2-92 MPa 60

nMaximum shear stress, 40 MN/m2

max2 (01-02)
Fig. 3-35
=
(137-08-2.92)
67-08 MPa =

Example 3-10 Apoint in a material is subjected to a stress as shown in Fig. 3-36. Calculate
aprincipal stresses, (6) maximum shear stress, and also the plane along which it acts.
100 MN/m 2 Solution. Here
O 50 MPa
25 MN/m2 a, 100 MPa
8E8 0 - Tay-25 MPa
50 MN/m2 Principal planes are given by
50MN/m2 20 tanl 1
mg n =

25MN/m2 20 45
1 = 22-5 , 02 =112-5°
100 MN/m2 The principal stresses are given by
75 t x 0-5 x 141-4 = 75 +35-35
Fig. 3-36
o-001 z= 110-35 MPa, 39-65 MPa
Maximum shear stress
4 (110-35-39-65) 35-35 MPa A0sl
-og)
=

Tmax =
(o1 =

the planes of maximum normal stress, i. e.

lanes of maximum shear stress will be at 45° to
55 and 157-5
inclined to one another at 70°. On
Example 3.11 In Fig. 3.37, AB and CD are two planes stress of 20 MN/m2, while
B there is a compressive stress of 40 MNIm and a shearing
On Ch
CD there is a tensile stress 10 MN/m2 and a shearing stress.
te of
UStng Mohr's stress circle method or otherwise determine the value of the shearing stress,
the
p For the Mohr's circle, take the following
ecalepal
edle:
stresses and the position of theprincipalplanes.
1 cm =
10 MNIm in Fig. 38.
Solution. The stresses have been shown

oy Txy=20MN/m2
C
e
4OMN/m lgmex
40MN/m
20MNIm2 70
noiholo
10 MN/m2 Txy 20MN/m2
B
1OMN/m
Fig. 3-38
Fig. 3-37
116
STRENGTH OF MATERIAts
LS
Here o
-

40 M N / m 2 O 0
Txy 2O MN/nm2
oy= ?
T= ?
On 1 0 MN/m2
70o 20°
90°
e =
=

26 T y Sin 20
Now On (o oy) + + 2 (oy- Ox)c o s
10 -40 + Oy) +
2 (0, + 40) cos
40° 20 sin 40
10 =-20 + + (o + 40) x 0-76620 x
O-6428
0-383 + 1 5 - 3 2 - 12-856
20 + O-5 o, + o,
0-883o, = 27-536 7e ede ro
27-536 -31-184 MN/m
0-883
=

e- o-retke
Ty= Txy
(o-o) sin 26 + cos 20
sta d03-oig es
= 231-184+ 40)x 0-6428- 20x 0-766 22-878 15-32 =38-198 MN/m2
Principal stresses are given by:
1 , O2 Alo +o,) + y(G -a , ) + 4 T
= 2 - 40 +31-184) + y - 4 0 31 184) + 4 x (20)
4-408 t 40-833 = 36-425 MN/m2, -45-241 MN/m oE
Principal planes are given by :

2T 2 x 20 40
tan 26 = =- O 5618
Oy 40 31 184 71 1 8 4
20 = 150°-40'
e1= 75° - 20' ; e2 = 165° - 2 0
Mohr's circle. T
Take OA = 40 MN/m2 and OB MN/m2 to =31-184
a scale of 1 cm = 10 MN/m?. Draw AQ and BP per-
pendiculars to AB and each equal to 20 MN/m2 as shown
VWith C a s c e n t r e a n d CQ a s radius 202
i n Fig. 3-39. J o i n PQ.
draw the circle. Then
O G = G1 a n d O F = O2 EC
By measurements

O1 36-5 MN/m2
Q
O2 = - 4 5 MN/m2
151°
2Q0G = 201 =

D
1 = 75-5°

e2 = 165-5° Fig. 3-39

4 0

2pressive, oy
Example 3-12 The plane stress at a point is defined by o = 20o MPa, compres
MPa tensile and Ty= 10 MPa. Find the principal stresses at the point.
Solution. Principal stresses are given by

a1,2(a +ay)+ V(G -ay)+4T

OMPLEX AND PRINCIPAL STRESSES
117
=
2(-20 +40) + y-20 40)+4x 100
=
10 + v 4000 10 + 31-623
Principal directions are given by: =41-623 MPa, -

21-623 MPa

tan 20= 2t 2 x 10
- 0-3333
Gx- y - 20 - 4 0

0 80-7825,
2= 170-7825
Example 3-13 In two dimensional problem the stresses at a point are o, = 100 MPa,
60 MPa. If the principal stress is limited to 150 MPa, find out the value Oy
Find the ofshearstress.
inclination of the principal plane and magnitude of the maximum shear
stres Ty Also

Solution. The maximum principal stress is

given by:
1 F +o,)+%(o - g,)+4T2 Eolqmex
ngi s
150 =(100 60) + ,/(100- 60)2+472 + ouloe

150 80+,1600+4 r2 e n a fagion T

140 = 1600 +4
19,600 = 1600 + 4T y
Txy67-082 MPa
The principal planes are given by :

2T 2x 67-082
tan 20 =-
100- 60
-3-35411
e =36-6992, 02 126-6992
ne minimum principal stress is given by:

Gg =
2 (100 +60)
-

(100 60)+4(67-082)2
= 80 70 = 10 MPa
Maximum shear stress
Tmax 2(01 - O2)
10) 70 MPa
= % (150 =

E 3-14 At a point in a strained material

the vertical shear stress is 15 MPa and the
horizontalof pri
.ample
rectioensile stress is 25 MPa. Using Mohr's
direction
circle method, find the princip stresses and
incipal planes.
shown in Fig. 3-40 (a),
where Solution The given stress system is

o = 25
MPa ; o,
=
0; ty = 15 MPa
scale of
The Onr's circle has been drawn in Fig. 3-40 (6)) on a

1 cm = 5 MPa
By measurement, 6:4 cm = 32 MPa
O1 = OA =

1-4 cm =
-

7 MPa
O2 = OB = -

01 25° and e2 = 1155

2 01 50 Hence
 re STRENGTH OF
118 MATERIALS
T

egioein
15 MPa

25 MPa 25MPa 201 J A

B -25-

&olgmsad
15 MPa
(b) Scale 1 cm =5 MPa
(a) 02218o
Fig. 3-40
Find the location of principal
the state of stress at apoint.
Example 3.15 Fig. 3-41 (a) shows stress graphically o r otherwise.
stresses and maximum shear
planes, principal
Solution. (a) Analytically:
20 MPa, = 50 MPa
Here x 30 MPa, Oy =
Ty
The principal stresses are given by
1,2=4( +0y)t ( o -y)+4t
2500
=
(30 +20) + y(30- 20)+4 x

25 + 50-249
= 75-249 MPa, - 25-249 M P a
l g leincng
Maximum shear stress,
Tmax (o1-o2) = 50-249 MPaa
The principal planes are given by:
2T x 2x 50 =10
tan 2 6 =-
30 20D

1 42:145°, 2 = 132-145°

20 MPaa

tmax
50MPa 50

30 MPa 30MPa
E CPAA
20 28
30-
50 MPa 50

20 MPa

cm
Scale 1
(6)
Fig. 3-41
 AND PRINCIPAL STRESSES
COMPLEX 119

(6) Graphically:
The Mohr's circle has been drawn in Fig. 3-41 (b) to a scale of
1 cm 10 MPa
ae(op
=

Bymeasurement
O1 =OD =7-5 cm =75 MPa nda dnere eo
O2 = OE = - 2-5 cm = - 25 MPa

Tmax = CF = 5 cm 50 MPa
=
o T g cd
20 84
Hence 1 = 42° and 0 132 ee

Example 3-16 The intensity of resultant stress on a plane AB, as shown in Fig. 3-42 (a),
at apoint ina material under stress is 80 MPa (tensile) inclined at 30to the normal to thatplane.
The normal component of stress on another plane BC at right angles to plane AB is 60 MPa
Determine (i) the resultant stress on theplane BC, (ii) the principal stresses and theprincipal planes,
and (ii) the maximum shear stress and its plane.
Solution. The components of 80 MPa stress acting on the plane AB, perpendicular and
parallel to it, are respectively,

0BAxos
O 80 cos 30° 8 0 x o =69.282 MPa

Tzy80 sin 30° = 80 x h = 40 MPa 0L+800

6 0MPaAOr
60 MPa

B 08 eoo Átj4OMPa
C C
80MPa
30
69282
MPa

Fig. 3:42

The equivalent state of stress on the planes AB and BC is then shown in Fig. 3-42 (6).
6 8-sigoe
)Resultant stress on
plane BC,
=72-111 MPa
o=402 60
= =15
ooetan o
40
56-31°

u) The principal stresses are given by

, +0y)+h( -o,)+42
1,2 (
=
(69-282 +60) t 2y(69-282 60)+ 4 x 1600

64-641 t 40-268
=

104-9009 MPa, 24-373 MPa

=

2 Txy 2x 40
= 8-6188
tan 20 - 69-282-60
x-Oy