John Ryu Magat Segawa

1. Differentiate ethics, morals and values. Comprehensively explain your answers by citing a
situation differentiating the different concepts.

Answer: All of these relates in one area which is to do what is right. Ethics refer to rules provided by an
external source. It is like the rules that we should follow like codes of conduct in workplaces or principles
in religions it is like the standard way of a certain group to follow. Morals on the other hand, refer to
idea of individual's self perception regarding right and wrong. It serves as your conscience as you already
know which is the right thing to do.

Values is the individual beliefs that encourage everyone to act firm and right. They serve as a guide for
human behavior. Sometimes this depends on culture you belong.

Ethics is knowing that you should not wear bahag when you go to office.

Moral is knowing that you should not laugh to someone who will wear bahag in your office because that
is humiliating.

Values is respecting and understanding a person who wears bahag because that is part of his culture.

2. Define work ethics and its importance in an organization. Cite concrete ways for a
management to develop strong and positive work ethics among its workforce.

Answer: As I am going to define work ethics, it is an organization that introduces the workplace ethics
program which is aligned with the behavior of the employees. This helps foster openness, partnership,
and trust of the employees which I believe will be the key for a company to become successful.
Moreover, when employees know supervisors' expectations, they perform better in their jobs. Most of
the dedicated employees relate their ways on doing their job by simply knowing and performing the
work ethics of their company.

To develop strong and positive work ethics among workforce, I believe as a worker or employee
also that the company should provide Clear Goals and Objectives that will help their workers follow it
easily without being confused with the goal that they want to achieve. Proper Mentoring is also
important, the mentor should be the leader and has a high standard of leadership which will help other
members of the company work motivated. All employees must think that they should always set a Good
Example in everything they do, not just because they want to earn, but because they love what they are
doing.

The management should always give rewards to all the efforts of the employee for healthy
relationship of them between the company and the employees. Supervisors must create the right Work
Environment for everyone to easily finish their tasks without being bothered and conscious. Being
confident and motivated I very important for every individual, boosting it for their workers will mean a
lot for the success of the company.

In addition, Professionalism is very important, employees should set aside personal issues
among other members of the company to respect the job and the company itself. Discipline should
always be shown and the management should understand their Employees' Need to let them feel that
they are important part of the company.
John Ryu Magat Segawa
3. Comprehensively discuss what is Ethical Decision-Making. Enumerate the five approaches to
ethical decision-making and briefly explain each.

Answer: Ethical decision-making refers to the progression of valuing and selecting among alternatives in
a constant manner with ethical ideologies. In making ethical pronouncements, it is required to
distinguish and exclude unethical options and select the best ethical alternative in every situation. We
have to make the best move for certain problem. Listing down the five approaches below can help each
of us decide what is the best approach for a particular situation we are in.

Utilitarian Approach
"ethical actions are those that provide the greatest balance of good over evil"
For us to take the utilitarian approach, the problem must be scrutinized from quite a lot of
different standpoints, and the resolutions to each must be envisioned to arrive at the one that
helps the greater good. From the word itself, this approach aims happiness for all and oppose
actions that grounds unhappiness. This approach always make sure that they will take the
decision where more workers will benefit. Let us say for example, they are experiencing loss of
investors, in order for them to let their workers stay, they will retain the salary of those who are
working fine and terminate those who does not really contribute well to the company to
prevent losing good workers that they need to help the company gain back its investors.

The Rights Approach

The rights approach is centered on the idea that humans have the right to choose tracks which
upset their purpose because they are human. Likewise, humans are reasonable in their hope
that their rights should be respected. These rights include the right to the truth, the right of
privacy, the right to not be injured, and the right to fulfillment of promises. This is used when
the situation needs to assess the consideration for the workers in a company for example. Like,
should we force our workers to go on site even if we are under quarantine? We should always
consider situations as such and protect the rights of our workers too.

Fairness or Justice Approach

The fairness approach accepts that people should be treated similarly despite of their situation
and state in life. They should not be subject to discrimination. Let us say for example, there is an
employee where he can not join the advertisement campaign outside for their company
because of his rare illness, in this case, they should still pay that employee the same as others
because the reason is still valid since he has a disability and he does not want things to be like
that.

Common Good Approach

The common good approach suggests that ethical actions are those that benefit all members of
the community or everyone in the company. As an example, one employee tested positive.
There is a big event for tomorrow, but for everyone’s sake and safety, it must be cancelled and
let everyone stay on their houses and rest. They should think of the lives of the employees more
than the loss of the company.
John Ryu Magat Segawa
The Virtue Approach
The virtue approach defines a notion that there are higher orders of goodness to which
someone must aim, and that only moral actions will help us achieve that higher level. Example is
in a company, you have a marketing competitors, you have the power to destroy their image
since you got all the evidences against their company, but since you know that it is not right, you
just focused making your company to strive better and do the best that your company can to be
successful and never compare your strategies to any companies because your company believes
that in every situation, it is never right to do bad to others just to be on the top.