Solución

DATOS
kg kg
f'c ≔ 280 ―― fy ≔ 5600 ――
cm 2 cm 2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ kg ⎞ kg
ϕe ≔ 8 mm Ec ≔ 15000 ⋅ f'c ⋅ ⎜―― 2 ⎟
= ⎛⎝2.51 ⋅ 10 9 ⎞⎠ ――
ϕ ≔ 0.9 ⎝ cm ⎠ m2
kg
rec ≔ 2 cm Ey ≔ 2000000 ⋅ ――
cm 2
β1 ≔ 0.85 Como f'c < 280 kgf/cm^2 usaremos:

1.- Análisis de carga

1.- Análisis de carga

Cargas
2.4 m
a ≔ ――― + 0.6 m = 1.8 m
tonne 2
g1 ≔ 0.4 ―――
m2
tonne
q ≔ 0.6 ―――
m2

a = 1.8 m

tonne
g1 ≔ g1 ⋅ a = 0.72 ―――
m
tonne
q ≔ q ⋅ a = 1.08 ―――
m
Cargas debido a la viga

kg tonne
gv ≔ 0.35 m ⋅ 0.3 m ⋅ 2400 ――3
= 0.252 ―――
m m
tonne
g ≔ g1 + gv = 0.972 ―――
m

tonne
q = 1.08 ―――
m

Cargas mayoradas. U ＝ 1.2 D + 1.6 L

tonne
P ≔ 1.2 ⋅ g + 1.6 q = 2.894 ―――
m
Esquema de disposición de la carga total.

tonne
P = 2.894 ―――
m

2m 6m 2m
 2m 6m 2m

2.- Momentos negativos y positivo

-5.02 tonne ⋅ m -4.59 tonne ⋅ m

7.24 tonne ⋅ m

3.- Diseño a flexión

NUDO 1 y 2
Mu ≔ 5.02 tonne ⋅ m ϕp ≔ 16 mm b ≔ 30 cm h ≔ 45 cm

-CALCULO DEL PERALTE EFECTIVO

1
d ≔ h - rec - ϕe - ―⋅ ϕp = 41.4 cm
2
-CALCULO DE "u"
Mu
u ≔ ―――― = 0.039
ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d 2
-CALCULO DE "w"

w ≔ 0.85 - ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
0.85 2 - 1.7 ⋅ u = 0.04

-CALCULO DE "umax"
⎛ 0.003 ⎞
cmax ≔ ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ d = 14.114 cm
f
⎜ 0.006 + ― ⎟
y
⎜⎝ Ey ⎟⎠
‖ |
kg ||
β1 ≔ ‖ if f'c < 280 ―― | | = 0.85
‖
‖ cm 2 ||
‖ ‖ ||
0.85 ||
‖ ‖‖
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ kg ⎞ |
0.5 ⋅ ⎜f'c - 280 ――⎟ | |
‖ ‖ 2 |
‖ ‖ 0.85 - ――――――― | |
⎜
⎝ cm ⎟
⎠
‖ ‖ ||
⎛ kg ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ 70 ⋅ ⎜――⎟
‖ ‖ ||
⎜⎝ cm 2 ⎟⎠ ||
‖‖ ‖
 1 c ―― ||
‖
‖ cm 2 ||
‖ ‖ 0.85 ||
‖ ‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ kg ⎞ | |
0.5 ⋅ ⎜f'c - 280 ――⎟ |
‖ ‖ |
⎜⎝
‖ ‖ 0.85 - ――――――― cm 2 ⎟⎠ | |
‖ ‖ ||
⎛ kg ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ 70 ⋅ ⎜――⎟
‖ ‖ ||
⎜⎝ cm 2 ⎟⎠ ||
‖‖ ‖
amax ≔ cmax ⋅ β1 = 11.997 cm
0.85
wmax ≔ amax ⋅ ―― = 0.246
d
wmax 2
umax ≔ wmax - ――― = 0.211
1.7
-VERIFICACION
verificacion ((u)) ≔ ‖ if u < umax| |
‖ ||
‖ ‖‖ “S.S.A” | |
‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ “S.D.A” | |
‖ ‖ |

verificacion ((u)) = “S.S.A”

-CALCULO DE ACERO
b ⋅ d ⋅ f'c
As ≔ w ⋅ ――― = 2.463 cm 2
fy
-CALCULO DE ACERO MINIMO
14
ρmin ≔ ―――― = 0.003
⎛ cm 2 ⎞
fy ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ kg ⎠
Asmin ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ d = 3.105 cm 2
‖ |
USAR ((As)) ≔ ‖ if As < Asmin| |
‖ |
‖ Asmin ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else
‖ ||
‖ As || |
‖ ‖ | USAR ((As)) = 3.105 cm 2

DISPOSICIÓN DE ACERO PARA "As"

Diámetro de barra ϕpd1 ≔ 12 mm Numero de barras en n1 ≔ 2

Diámetro de barra ϕpd2 ≔ 10 mm Numero de barras en n2 ≔ 1
π π Asd - As
Asd ≔ n1 ⋅ ―⋅ ϕpd1 2 + n2 ⋅ ―⋅ ϕpd2 2 = 3.047 cm 2 Var ≔ ―――⋅ 100 = 23.707
4 4 As
VARIACION ((V)) ≔ ‖ if -3 < Var < 15 | | = “CAMBIAR DIAMETRO”
‖ ||
‖
‖ ‖ “CUMPLE” ||
‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖
‖ “CAMBIAR DIAMETRO” | |
‖ ‖ |

USAR: n1 = 2 ϕpd1 = 12 mm + n2 = 1 ϕpd2 = 10 mm

CONTROL DE SEPARACION

ϕp ≔ max ⎛⎝ϕpd1 , ϕpd2⎞⎠ Dagreg ≔ 2.54 cm

Shnec ≔ max ⎛⎝ϕp , 4 cm , 1.33 ⋅ Dagreg⎞⎠ = 4 cm

b - 2 ⋅ rec - 2 ⋅ ϕe - n1 ⋅ ϕpd1 - n2 ⋅ ϕpd2
Sh ≔ ―――――――――――― = 7 cm
n1 + n1 - 1
Shnec ≔ max ⎛⎝ϕp , 4 cm , 1.33 ⋅ Dagreg⎞⎠ = 4 cm
b - 2 ⋅ rec - 2 ⋅ ϕe - n1 ⋅ ϕpd1 - n2 ⋅ ϕpd2
Sh ≔ ―――――――――――― = 7 cm
n1 + n1 - 1
‖ | | = “CUMPLE”
VERIFICACION ≔ ‖ if Sh > Shnec
‖ ||
‖ “CUMPLE” ||
‖ ‖
else ||
‖ ||
‖ ‖
‖ “CAMBIAR DIAMETRO” || |
‖‖ ||

2 ϕ12 + 1 ϕ10

PARA EL MOMENTO POSITIVO

Mu ≔ 7.24 tonne ⋅ m ϕp ≔ 1.6 cm h ≔ 45 cm bw ≔ 30 cm

ln2 ln1

lo
 bw
t ≔ 10 cm ln1 ≔ 2.4 m - bw = 2.1 m ln2 ≔ 0.6 m - ―= 0.45 m lo ≔ 4.42 m
be 2

t = 10 cm

h = 45 cm h - t = 35 cm

bw = 30 cm
-CALCULO DE be

be1 ≔ bw + 16 ⋅ t = 190 cm
((ln1 + ln2))
be2 ≔ bw + ―――― = 157.5 cm
2
lo
be3 ≔ bw + ―= 140.5 cm
4
be ≔ min ⎛⎝be1 , be2 , be3⎞⎠ = 140.5 cm

be be
―= 70.25 cm ―= 70.25 cm
2 2

60 cm

be
be ≔ ―+ 60 cm = 130.3 cm
2
-CALCULO DEL PERALTE EFECTIVO
1
d ≔ h - rec - ϕe - ―⋅ ϕp = 41.4 cm
2
-CALCULO DEL MOMENTO DE TRANSICIÓN
⎛ t⎞
Mo ≔ ϕ ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ be ⋅ t ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 101.554 tonne ⋅ m
⎝ 2⎠
 ⎛ t⎞
Mo ≔ ϕ ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ be ⋅ t ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ = 101.554 tonne ⋅ m
⎝ 2⎠
-VERIFICACIÓN
if Mu < Mo | = “a<t TRABAJAR COMO SECCION REC.”
‖ “a<t TRABAJAR COMO SECCION REC.” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “a>t TRABAJAR COMO SECCION T.” |
‖ |

-CALCULO DE "a"
de prueba

a ≔ 10 cm
Restricciones

⎛ a⎞
Mu ＝ ϕ ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ be ⋅ a ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Valores
Solver

a ≔ find ((a)) = 0.632 cm

a = 0.632 cm
-CALCULO DE "umax"
⎛ 0.003 ⎞
cmax ≔ ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ d = 0.141 m
fy ⎟
⎜ 0.006 + ―
⎜⎝ Ey ⎟⎠
amax ≔ cmax ⋅ β1 = 11.997 cm

-VERIFICACION
verificacion ((a)) ≔ ‖ if a < amax| |
‖ ||
‖ ‖‖ “S.S.A” | |
‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ “S.D.A” | | verificacion ((a)) = “S.S.A”
‖ ‖ |
-CALCULO DE ACERO
f'c
As ≔ 0.85 ⋅ ―⋅ ⎛⎝be ⋅ a⎞⎠ = 3.496 cm 2
fy
-CALCULO DE ACERO MINIMO
14
ρmin ≔ ―――― = 0.003
⎛ cm 2 ⎞
fy ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ kg ⎠
Asmin ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ d = 3.105 cm 2

As ≔ max ((As , Asmin)) = 3.496 cm 2

DISPOSICIÓN DE ACERO PARA "As"
Diámetro de barra ϕpd1 ≔ 16 mm Numero de barras en n1 ≔ 2
Diámetro de barra ϕpd2 ≔ 10 mm Numero de barras en n2 ≔ 0
π π Asd - As
Asd ≔ n1 ⋅ ―⋅ ϕpd1 2 + n2 ⋅ ―⋅ ϕpd2 2 = 4.021 cm 2 Var ≔ ―――⋅ 100 = 15.008
4 4 As
‖ | | = “CAMBIAR DIAMETRO”
VARIACION ((V)) ≔ ‖ if -3 < Var < 15
||
‖ ‖ “CUMPLE” ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ “CAMBIAR DIAMETRO” | |
‖ ‖ ||
 ‖ | | = “CAMBIAR DIAMETRO”
VARIACION ((V)) ≔ ‖ if -3 < Var < 15
‖ ||
‖ “CUMPLE” ||
‖ ‖
else ||
‖ ||
‖ ‖
‖ “CAMBIAR DIAMETRO” || |
‖ |
USAR: n1 = 2 ϕpd1 = 16 mm + n2 = 0 ϕpd2 = 10 mm
CONTROL DE SEPARACION

ϕp ≔ max ⎛⎝ϕpd1 , ϕpd2⎞⎠ Dagreg ≔ 2.54 cm

Shnec ≔ max ⎛⎝ϕp , 4 cm , 1.33 ⋅ Dagreg⎞⎠ = 4 cm

bw - 2 ⋅ rec - 2 ⋅ ϕe - n1 ⋅ ϕpd1 - n2 ⋅ ϕpd2
Sh ≔ ――――――――――――= 21.2 cm
n1 + n2 - 1
‖ | | = “CUMPLE”
VERIFICACION ≔ ‖ if Sh > Shnec
‖ ||
‖ “CUMPLE” ||
‖ ‖
else ||
‖ ||
‖ ‖ “CAMBIAR DIAMETRO” | |
‖‖ ‖ | ||

2 ϕ16

Disposición de acero longitudinal

2 ϕ12 2 ϕ12
1 ϕ10 1 ϕ10
2 ϕ16