Visvesvaraya Technological University

Belagavi-590018

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

YERMARAS CAMP, RAICHUR-584135

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Technical seminar topic:

BACTERIAL BASED SELF HEALING CONCRETE

Presented by:
M U NISARGA GURUPAG
3GU18CV012

Under The Guidence of CO-ORDINATOR

Prof. Pallavi Patil Prof. Raja Anwar Hussain
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

Head of the Department Principal

Prof . Devendra Hanche Prof . Renukaswamy G. Shivkumar
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
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Table of content

▶ Abstract
▶ Introduction
▶ Principle of working
▶ Advantages
▶ Disadvantages
▶ Applications
▶ Future scope
▶ Conclusion
▶ Reference
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Abstract

▶ Concretes are very susceptible to cracking which allows

chemicals and water to enter .

▶ Cracking in the surface layer of concrete mainly reduces its

durability.

▶ When micro cracks growth reaches the reinforcement

corrosion occurs in the reinforcement.

▶ Synthetic polymers such as epoxy treatments are used for

repair of concrete and they harm to the environment.
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Introduction

▶ The “bacterial concrete” is a concrete which can be made by

embedding bacteria in the concrete that are able to constantly
precipitate calcite.
▶ This phenomenon is called microbiologically induced calcite
precipitation.
▶ It has been shown that under favorable conditions for instance Bacillus
Pasteruii, a common soil bacterium, can continuously precipitate a new
highly impermeable calcite layer over the surface of an already existing
concrete layer.
▶ The favorable conditions do not directly exist in a concrete but have to
be created.
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What is bacterial concrete

▶ It is a special type of concrete invented by group

of microbiology researchers under the head of
Henk Jonker.
▶ Bio concrete is also called as Self healing
concrete.
▶ Its specially made to increase the lifespan or the
durability of concrete structure by the self healing
action of that concrete.
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How the Healing agents are applied

By direct application
▶ The bacteria and the chemical precursor are added directly while
making the concrete.

Encapsulation LWA
▶ The part of the coarse aggregate is replaced by the light weight
aggregate, which is impregnated with twice the calcium lactate
solution and the spores of bacteria.
▶ After impregnation the clay particles with 6% healing agents and the
concrete is made.
 How does bacteria remediate cracks? 6

▶ Concrete is mixed with bacteria at dormant stage.

▶ To survive in this high alkaline environment for long durations form spores
(highly resistant for 200 years ) withstanding during concrete mixing.

▶ A calcium lactate nutrient supplied along with bacteria in suspension helps in

producing calcite crystals.

▶ The spores of the bacteria germinate on contact with the water and nutrients
while cracks and get activated
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Cont.

▶ As the bacteria feeds oxygen is consumed and the soluble calcium lactate is
converted to insoluble limestone.
▶ The limestone solidifies on the cracked surface, thereby sealing it up.
▶ Tests all show that bacteria embedded concrete has lower water and chloride
permeability by 88%
▶ Reaction:
Ca 2+ + Cell --------> Cell- Ca 2+
Cell- Ca 2+ +CO3-----> Cell-CaCo3
▶ The crystals expand until the entire gap is filled.
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Calcite precipitation by bacterial cell
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Self healing concrete repairing its own cracks
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Results by Research papers

Strength Study
Conventional Concrete Bio Concrete
@ 28 days age
M20 M30 M20 M30

Compressive Strength 28.18 37.14 32.74 41.06

Split Tensile Strength 3.26 4.51 3.93 5.13

Flexural Strength 4.68 5.11 6.11 6.73

Results in (Mpa) for Concrete and bacteria cell concentration 10^5/ml mixing water
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Optimum Concentration of cell
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Difference b/n man made repair and
self healing
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Advantages

▶ Perpetual and expected cracking that occurs in every concrete structure due to
its brittle nature can be controlled.

▶ Repairs without a human work crew.

▶ Self-healing concrete also prevents the exposure of the internal reinforcements.

▶ It has made to extend the life span of a concrete structure of any size, shape.

▶ Improves the compressive strength of concrete.

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Disadvantages

▶ Cost of self healing concrete is double than the conventional

concrete.

▶ There is no code is available.

▶ Investigation of calcite precipitation is a costly study.

▶ Skilled labour is required.

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Applications

▶ Self healing concrete can be used for sectors such as Tunnel

lining, structural basement walls, highways, bridges, concrete
floors and marine structures.
▶ This is new technology can provide way to durable roads.
▶ High strength buildings with more bearing capacity.
▶ Long lasting river banks.
▶ Erosion prevention of loose sands.
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Future scope

▶ To search for more bacterial varieties that can be used for

calcite precipitation.

▶ To overcome the problems in the injection technology of the

bacteria.

▶ To develop recombinant microorganisms which is expected to

complement the result of this study.
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Conclusion

Microbial concrete technology has proved to be the

better than many conventional technologies because of its eco-
friendly nature and self healing abilities and increase in durability
of various building materials and give them high strength for more
bearing capacity and increase the life of the building
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References

▶ Ramachandran S.K., Ramakrishnan V. and Bang S.S., Remediation of

concrete using microorganisms, ACI Materials Journal 98(1), 3-9 (2001)

▶ Stocks-Fischer S., Galinat J.K., and Bang S.S., Microbiological precipitation

of CaCO3. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31(11), 1563-1571 (1999)

▶ Tai C.Y. and Chen F.B., Polymorphism of CaCO3 precipitated in a

constant-composition environment. AIChE Journal, 44(8), 1790-1798 (1998)
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References

▶ S. SUNIL PRATAP REDDY International Journal of Earth Sciences and

Engineering ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 03, No. 01, February 2010, pp. 116-
124.

▶ V.Ramakrishnan, K.P.Ramesh and S.S.Bang, “Bacterial

Concrete”Proceedings of SPIE Vol.4234 pp.168-176, Smart Materials.

▶ www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1547-5905
Thank You