Property Law

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7D/D R
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1. ->AI$ 7D/D| K5 (Immovables by their nature)

2. D/6E uS 7D/D "8 0*$ 2 F$ >m:
AM8 y;7 EA7D/D FB, (Immovables by their distination)
3. K5 8 F$ >m: AM8 y;7 EA7D/D
FB, (Immovables by the object to which they apply)
E2 N8N8 7! EAF *$ * EC*n
1. ->AI$ 7D/D| K5
->8AI$ 7D/D| K5 F0e EA [

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(movables by anticipation) *:/JR
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7B@en
2. D/6E uS$ 7D/D| K5 "8 0I$ 2 FU >m:

AM8 y;7 EA7D/D| K5 FBdR
FBdR
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j EA7D/D| K5 FT I$n *:/J R 45[ C 5 Jw5
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$ * $ V [ Jw5 ES5 B! *F'-9 E2 E8<45
E ES5 H<$ "8 A$ EA7D/D 7en E2 E83
H< * B FmÄ K5 < 2
5 (Accessories) *$
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5 (accessories) EA7D/D| K5 A8
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3. K5 8 F$ >m: AM8 y;7 EA7D/D

FB, (Immovables by the object to which they apply)
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$ Bd K5 7D/D| K5 7
-MF2 'I$ K5 I$n E 7 * E2 K5 D/6E u
B7: A*u
8 A7j:n uS: E2 K5 08 ~$e
F5e 7D/D$ D: AY2 u2 EAu2 K^
EA7D/D| K5 A8
$ 7B@en *:/JR
*:/JR A
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(servitude right) E A*0 D: (usufructuary right) >D 7jn
A, D/6E E 7D/D F H- '*$ H7@
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5 (Intrinsic elements and Accessories)
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23
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75n J /Bm'
,: &u G y A7 ]:n
3. '
{$ *m
& >6½ A 7m; (_.1155(2))n H
'
{ $ E@7m B7: E@7E EA| ECL
~'A8* 7
0n Am: 7 u2 :C' 9@ A B7:
Õ EAu2 '× A7u:n
H '

{ $ K5R
/ 0*L EV= , E A,8 D> (_.1155 (1))
*/ K
{$ ~E B7: ~[ ~' F5 B! B7:
*>6$ G Bó F7m u2 ` u2 «; 7 . Õ>
48
(_.1156(1))n *G Bó F@8 u2 F*$ A00 ]"
B@A8 F;7 2$n
®/ 0*L A, A $ ]" 983 C EAWZ;$ ~'

Y
75n E 7 983$ B7: '* = *@¥5
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{$ $
E 0*L 'I$ O EcW: 0*L H$
- *{ 2$ E, > H ;/& 'A
2$n
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*;Bm 'B=$ Bó Ec * m (_.1157(2))n
0*L u2 $
$ Bó4^ E * , E@ 7Q
A*$n
/ 78" z$ '*- EAu2 H$ 0*L u (_.1157(1))n 7

/ _>8 1192 "8 '7Q F;7 2$n
=e B7: $ 2
5 /K5/ Ð K5 +2 E@I$ xL
$, '-"n K5 0*L;I$ -6, $ *: I Y2 2/
B7: bm: 7 u2 WZ; ~Ð E2AF5e 7 C n =e B7:
$ K5 E2 K5 0*L Bm AW ¦ A7mÄY: w
=I$ B7: ]I$ I$n *u2: D,$ 0*L 0*O2
K^ EA=I$ Bc'$v 7Ï8=n E2 2
5 EA =e Bc'$v J
$ '
I$ B7: '2/I$ EAu2 ' $
I$ /2/I$/
/2/I$/ z #: E2
2
5 0*O 7u n * E 7 EA ] 2> A8 FBA$ D,$
0*O E ~B= j*$ | -6, 2$ B7 A7A*: F 7u n
®/ * D
! (Treasure) (/ _.1159-
_.1159-1160)
49
D
! F0*$ DA: y 0*L 2$ 2$ w F; uS ¦
A, «; 7 EA D K D 2$ w D> 7jn 7 ," K

{ F* ,"45 + WZ; (exception) 2$ * 7jn A,
2
8 D
! 2B w *:R
1. D
{$ D/6E u A*[
2. FD/D B7: 7D/D $> D 2
8 u A*[
3. | 2M $ S D
{ "8 De ~*'7 F5 u
A*[ 'é$ ~*'7 75 u2 Ex 'é Äe t /C/ EAu2
A8 *F8 2$n
4. &' *50/O:// b; ' D 2 u A*
5.
! y
Y 0*L '2$ B7: EZ 2$ w A/Y 2
8 ~'D8
75 u A*n
"8 '7Q 2/ '* >'½ D
{$
! 0*L Fu2$
2$ F$ 2$n 7 >'½ ** W* WZ;45 : $>
0
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! '
{ $ 'Ê$: 0*L u2 EAu2

!: | 7u n D$
! '
{ $ 'é$ 0*L u2 A
W* WZ;45 7Sen AA$
! ~'
{$ j*$ | > B7:
A"=F u2 EAu2
{$
! // ë 983 C *| ë
A *'é$ 0*L 7u n W* ~'
Y j*$ 'é$ 0*L
ExN u2 AAu2 9 ]" '
Y EAu2 EÉ
{$
!//
H7 ~u A75:n
E 7 ` u '* 2

8 &S8 Ap F0e >;1 E645 *:/J
A8VwÉ _- F
2
5 EA D EA7T *E2|
@A8' *$ FBU + 5/A«5 EAFT 2$n
* >;1 ;<1 m8}5 FA2

$ t] _>8 229/1958 AD` 2// 8
* yu “>;1 m8 * 1850 b/: I$: b72 $
E B7: E6 * 2$” F î AD:ê;n E2 K5 0*L
50
B7: A
< OKI EAuv FD/D| 7D/D| K5
EAF'6: W A] b2D` 3 7 CK EA28
! 7jn
>;1 m8 E 7Q F
Y $: F* $ A D«
N
E@* EV'C , j E EAF5 2$ A]
bD` 4 @ Fj*$:: 7 A] _>8 229/1958 A] _>8 36/1982 3
yu A] _>8 36/1982 A
A] _>8 209/1992 E]::
1992 b.: *m8 > A0m B= A] _>8 209/1992 m8 A*CK-
A2
$ /9 D$ * 0* î 2$::
m8 FD/D B7: 7D/D B7: G2 '*$ B7: J*$ 2

8 ~u
E,F5 A] bD` 3 8 yu A] b2D` 14(1) A m8}I
B7: I$: $ 0*L2 ~'G EAF5e 7
M::
7 Ec E@* m8 J O F*7 WZ;4I Ae:: E2: ;

(duties) E
A (restriction) C DU I$::
m8 0*O ;45 * A] bD` 18 7 A2

9 yu I$:
m8 0*L2 '! $:
1. | B *m8|
&$ >6 ECL ,
2. m8| *ôE B7: J WZ; *N Ec;7 0*= ym D,
3. *m8| A''N A6D: F* A] ,"45 A]
BU A«5 8'45 C A* 7
E2cW: I$: $ 0*L2 '!$ m8 F§T F'B=$ <'

!
; E@* (bD` 16(1)) 7D/D m8 E !

D/6E m8 A, «; BA J «; *D/D -6, EAF'-
$ 2$
A] 7! xL $, Fj*$ (bD` 21)::
51
m8}5 j /7u I$: $ 0*L2 ~'G EAF5e A7 ::
7W EÉ 7 m8 0*L2 *J $ * * EA J b72 0*
7Q;$ B/Z j F-©: A7A*::: A] bD` 23 7 EA * $
$: $ '!$ m8 I$: WZ; *J $ y' W* : B
S5
m,F' 0*=v `¢ /Bm E@*0I$ E 0*=v A *E' D
m8}5 x m,F' E@*$ C ]::
m8}5 E' C *J $ * EAFj A] &_:: J î

A *, b y0 x Õ> EA7j
,] (bD` 24(1)
7* ]):: 7 j /7u
& >6[ >
E,/ ' A
* B7:
*E "* B! m8 yu[ L !C8 D> A-z uS y
Y E
-6, /'
Y BA $ A
8 yB=
{ EAu2: ~B EAF5
2$(bD` 25):: <: *"[ Y >
{ m8 A] (bD` 35(3))
* E,F'C (bD` 29) E *m8 > 'A $ >
$s u2$ I$: `¢ F* 0*O2 /
EAu2 *C ](bD` 40):: E2cW: $: $ t,[ M
,
B7: //7 *, 0A
$ _H B7: IB: A"=F WZ; m8}5
'
{ EAu2 *F* $ A /Bm '* uS E {
E@*$: A] $> ] (bD` 41 7* ])::
A67 A] y;7 A, $ m8 0*L ~u2 EAF5 &A2: EAJ
b72 -*
$ 2
8 ~'A
$ A75::: 7 u2 :' A m8
0*L2 7 8 'e ;45 (duties) E
A«I (restrictions) 'e uv
2$::
/ 'N (S

(Seiz
eizure of enemy property)
property)
52
'N 0*L2 /0*O2/ "
> Fj*$ *$' /ê82/
w A$ J .7 B7: yC B7: _>>8 8
y
0 2$n ¦ V$ .7 B7: 7u n
EA b72 WZ; y'">: b*: AD o~C wÆ F 7u n
* A\: ~'N F5 2$ w A7;:n
_.1161--1167)
4.1.3. m « 0*7Q; u (Possession in good faith) (/ _.1161
8 A\ y;7 A, D07 u2 $ F' * J $

* A7S$:n A, $ | 0*O2 /7S$ $:
*J $ * EA75 2$n
F' -$ $ 0*O2 7 9,* '* EAu2 ' 9,*

"8 A BA D0+ 7 *Hn m « 0*7Q; u 0*O *u
F'5e
f5 (modalities) Ad uS G2 0I$ A D/6E
K5 7 -MF2 FS$ *W* ]]7 B
S5 ; F>
F'EC: $ (contract of sale of the thing under consideration) F
Y 2$n
m «
x $ E'ö ' *Õ> * * F'5 "1
E@*$ t:S
x$ u A*n E 7 9 W* HF >m5
(conflicting interests) * B7: Fx I$ *m 7Cn 7$:
D,$ 0*O d Em6÷ /} B
>m:/ I$n A,
î D,$ 0*O G A:[ > '-$
'-$ '*A0 E@72m
>6 $ yu J î A m « E6
G 45 E6$
7* $ $ 2$
x5W 0e E2| '$_ 9@7 58 7
E@7B,_ : 2M , Em6÷$ E@7
; *, 2$n
53
7 EA * $ 7 m « 0*7Q; u 0*O2 {
9@7 -MF2 FS$ A D/6E K5 (ordinary corporeal chattels)
7 2$n 8W Äe Äe -MF ~u 75*$
1. 7D/D| K5 7
2. + D/6E K5 7
3. *N >m: *$ FA K5 7 2$ (/ _.1455)
D/6E 7: 8W -MF Fu 7u WZ; Aen

1. -MF 7u WZ; 0*O ¨ -6d *J $
' *-$ EAu2 D0+: BA } B
$ ' *-$ EAu2 ¦
D,$ 0* } $ B
m A7S$:n 7 2
8
D07 u2 $ *-* $ * *$: ( “Nemo dat quod
non habet,” “No one can transfer what he himself doesn’t have”)*F*$ 8
+ WZ; 2$n E 7 F B7: -MF2 '*$ 8 //
E:2 $ Æ 7m (“where you have put your faith there you must
seek”) F*$ 2$n * D, 0*O m '* $
$ EÉ } $ B
~u A7
0$: * 2$n *:/JR 'é (pledge)
D*$[ ,8 BA$ BA } B
/m «
x/ ' *-$
EAu2 } $ B
0*O2 '
n
m « 0*7Q; u A, 2

8 0*O *u å '*0I$ WZ;45
Aen
/ 3
õ A
E' $ *- u A*[
7$: *W* ]]7 B
S5 F> F'ÕC: u A*[ J
t
*` ê;
{ m « 'N 0*O u EA7j 2$n
*/ m « 0*7Q; u2$ BA $e y
0 *$e :C' u2$ 0*O
*u t« 'A
$ u A*n
®/ m « $ E F'A8 z S8 A*n
/
õ$ y
x m « 2/ E$2 $ 0*O 2$ E
xW
'*W F E:2 2$ u A*[
54
/
õ$
x$ y ** B7: E F'A8 z m « 2$
u A*[
/ m « F
x$ A D/E u A*n
2. A, $ J$ O /2

8/ *J $ * A75: F 8 -MF
Fu WZ; 0*L E ~B= j*$ E8| ¨ -6, $
u2 EAu2 D0+: BA } B
' *-$ EAu2 D,$ 0*L
A2
78" z *Ð AD, ç Y w } B

*m
75n + WZ; / _.1167 7 A2
$ 2$n 7 ," >

! :ó$ F- 2, F* uS EA + WZ; (exception)
D :Ú' A
! //7 *' J*$ /_>8 D8/
uv EA A67
''
c (means of exchange) 2M
N$$I$ (free circulation) D$ Ec'
*e 9 >6 'A
I$ uv
E
2!0*n >
!
! 2f5 $ 'e _ E645 *
9 0*O2 E@7A-8 AA" 7 E@7B,m >6 'A
*
uv 2$n
m « D

x $ *D,$ 0*O * "1 ;
'* &u: * 'B=$
! Õ* $ m E@*$:
9 AD:ín D: F5*$ /E6$/
x$ , L[
N
' $> B7: E6 . FÕ> AA007 $> u2 EAu2 2$n
J î /9 -/$ mÉ D m «
x

x $
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$n
4.1.4. 7D/D 7Q; , 0*O u (Usucaption) (/

_.1168)
55
6 (Usucaption) 89: A, 2
8 D: 0*L u * 2$
(acq
(acquired by usage) n 7 O
, -MF Fu2$ 7D/D
7 j uS ;;7 !: * z D EAu2 F
Y 0*O2
2$n
A, 2
8 D: 0*O u C FD8 78" z * ` ./
2$n
/ 78" z (period of limitation) * A, 7 '*$ $

y2 2 $ 7 C F'D8 z
A uS 7 z

A *- ¦ C 'D EAu2 /E B
6$ ~
>$ EAF5
2$n
*/ 0*O2 F'Ï8> F'
Y 78" z (Acquisitive prescription and
extinctive prescription)
1. 0*O2 EcÏ8> F'A8 78" z 7 78" z A, $
A, 7 2$ 0*O2 FÏ> WZ; F'*C uS
0*O2 yÏ8> z: J V' 7
Y 2$ *:/JR / _.1192[
2. 0*O2 78" z (usucaption) 7 78" z A *J
Ac $ 0*O2 F'> 2$n 78" z 8N A
8 A
8
~*'7 F5 2$n *:/J -/7 #8 30 b 78" z AI$n 7
j /7u m « '!$ u E@*: EA < *V'
7Den
I' / _>8 1168 7 7 *2$ 78" z (usucaption)

A 7
n 7$: A, 7D/D 0*7Q; u * ;;7
*15 b; ' '*Ï> Ä 8 E-* $ 0*O
EAFu 2$n /9 B= Bm 7 ," M45 7 -MF
Ecu ;« A2
+@e 8b E
z , 01 yA
56
2 2$n Ecu ;B# z #: ,"$
M45 7 j u2 D8 7 -MF ~u F5 WZ;
EAJ* 2$n EcW: ,"$ *N >m: *$ A K5 E A*0
:C' 'G 7D/D| K5 7 -MF2 *$: (/ _.1455 [
1314 7*
7* ])n
E 7 ~2/ F5*$ >'½ A, $ | 'u2 7D/D E
A,8 8 ~ 75 F 2$n 7 WZ; *' :C' ~
75n *:/J R ;* B7: 0
{$ $ = m B7: " O
u2$ 'G :C' Ä 8 E-* * ;;7 15b
EAu2 B! >D 7jn
_>8 1168
1168 8 D$ 15 b 78" z! (O F
Y 78") ~Ï>
F5*$ / _>8 1851-
1851-1852 uv xL ~B, 7
0n
4.1.5. ] < 2
8 (Accession)
] < 2
8 A $ O
, 2$n /8 "5 89:
0'D:>: A67 7! 2 $ A, 0*O 2$ B7:
O 7 J O y8* F'*C 2$n 7 2
8 ->
.7 B7: $ 9 AY2 = ~u 75n E2 < 2
5
0*O A ] $ 2
8 0*O u2$ $ 2$n 7 < 2
8 FD/D
B7: 7D/D 7 ~ 75n
/ 7D/D 7D/D 7 y8 7$: W*

,
~-©: 75n
1. ¨8 8 '=$ A-8 J $ 7 y'8 W 0*L O
7u n (Alluvium 7e;) n
57
2. ¨8 Am=%$ D7 y, AW ¨8 \ 2 «; ~; B7:
*J >m: ~$ F5 «; *Fu Am&'$ '* 0* ' «;:
0*O 7u n (Accretion 7e;) n
E 7 ] '* A
5 0*L N u I$
0*L * m 0*7Q; &0 3* 7u n
*/ D/6E 7D/D 7 y8R
b72 WZ; ~ F5*$ A, D/6E A, 7D/D
Äe C (intrinsic element) yu 2$n 7 | W*
,
7-©n
1. A, FD/D 0*O J $ O u2$ 7D/D 7

A0*m Äe C y'A8
$ 2$n *:/JR
*:/J A, $ J $ 7 E
! B7: x * EAu2 B7: M
20 EAu2 9@+ ; '* 7
~' $ j*$ 0* -6, 2$ B7 A7A*:? 0* E 6B 0*
WZ; B7 /76B$ 2$? Fe >'½45 m,F' 88 2$n
E 7 î F3 2> AWv Bm A

5 0*O2 ~'N
F5 WZ; * D / _>8 1172-1180 7 A2
9
-MF2;I$ 9@7 : ' 2$ F*$ 9@7 A'× u2]n
2> "8 ''! '*$ :, A5 uv W* /L 9@5 D8R
) m7 /L 8 5w A5 AK 8O2

E <45 E2
BA
2 C8C8 8 /_.16031 p 22/1997 b/: F *$-
*$-$/Z
>ìn
9@+ # 7 E1 Q E7 8, L AW A5 A,]

DJ 08 $> H 173.04 u2 1 < : «; 7 $
58
L : 8 110,000.00/A, K A8 ø 8/ Jw5 Bó45 : ~-*Y
7
0 * AW <45 7 C 78;n DY C8C8 E \I$
¦ L $ /E /A5/ uv :C5 "
uv
/Ù^: A*6BI$ * @ F // _. 1180(2)
/Ù^ : T 8 27,500.00 E Jw5 Bó45 :8 */ë 7C-e y
B2n 7 C m7 /L 70Y F 8 F 5wK5: DI$
AL ; $,m '9;n
D: A5 $/Z$ ;1 u2 -© 2$ *

*///L 8 5w AL ;$ ADn m ;$ ] $ 2> L W
<45 ::2 *u2 /$ // _. 1179 E 1180 ~
A7
0:[ L * 'B=W 8 110,000.00 yu 7: <45
A 6BÄ: L Bd : Äe ~eY 7
0 F 2$ n
<45: : ¼ E, Bv @2$ E EÉ E8| A7A*:
*$ 7en
8 5w: A5 :

Y 7
0 F*$ L $ E8| uv 8
/LK5 "ín J î <45 T 0*7Q;45 EÉ
0*LK5 A7Ae:n O uv ` uS /*: 7Q;
j 'I$ <45 EA 0*L _8 9@+ y D|
//9 ,"45 AM8 8: @Y2 Fj E@u2 'D:=n
<45 L J 8, A5 0I$ N

EAF'@

A5 L * 8 110,000.00 $= 8 /LK5 D072 {
8d 7!
! 7j * ¦ A^ D$ : 8 110,000.00
'
Y "1 :C' EAJ* D> 8 /LK5 $/Z 38
1. <45 *A^ 8 110,000.00 ~e 7

0[
59
2. <45 #<'$ A De A «;$ 7 A^
$ L E@* ~'C O : Ä ~'QT* 7
0 y
Bn
>'½R
1. $ $/Z "1 t*$ *? *:?
2. ///L 8 5w $/Z CC 2$ 0* 7Q; AA" 7
F> A7u: B7?
3. 45 /7SI$ J $ 7Q; 7 -*9 2
8 EcT A7"N:
B7?
*) I' E8 C 14 C 8, L 70Y 07 AK ;A @
E AK O &2" 2$ C8C8 EAF *$ $/Z >K;n
C8CT #$ A$\ /L yu /E 2$ AW ó 2$n

C| 7!: A] _. 47/67 L F§ç8 A-mf
$ «; 7 70Y 07 /8 /E/ .7 #$ L 0;
Ec': «;$ * Ec, EcB* /// _. 18 7
C 'D80n
A$\$ /L: DY C8C8 ¦ 70Y 07 «;$ 7 L $

8K uv: 7 L A m E6
0 7 uv
ó 7 /|8 /E/ -$ W *: y B2n
AW $/Z$ m8 { 70 * /L 'D yu

/L : 70Y 0* $/Z 38 70Y 07 / _. 1178 F'!$
$ M /L/ * B7: 0* * :8% M$
| V/ A8} 7, w 7B n
60
AW 70Y 07 $ /L $/2 $ *C 14 m7 /L
70Y 'D yu 7 /L A >K 2 «; A, 8
"! B7: ! ' D8 *G z /7 B7: /7D:
ë «; *AW 70Y 07 uv *F'@[ 70Y 07 |
= L 8K &S8 EØ 7 7Q;: u2 0*L2 '*$
uv W * 7 C m 75 2$ 2$[ : 0
7Q; 2$ F0 &u EØ '*A0 « ï *J $ 8 $ w C
F5*$ «;$ *70Y 07 U §ç8 ¥5 /'*A0
BdY FI$ 45/ 2$[ 0*O2 7'N 2 Bm
-MF2 2$ / _.1178 AW 7Q; O u2
Bm -MF ~u *75 B! F $ /L 38 7
0Y 07
~m* 5*]n
>'½R
1. 8 /E /AW / A<$ «; 7 7Q; A2$: ~0
75?
2. C 14-//L-/-_. 1178 AWv Bm * '! 7
-MF2 *$: w Bv 9 - * 2$? *: ?
3. A, FD/D 0*O | 7D/D "8 Äe C
'A
$ EAu2 2$n
®/ A, D/6E J D/6E 7 y8 F'=$ $s

uS }
f5 7
*Mn
1. *B> (Transformation
(Transformation or Specification) (/ _. 1182)
A, $ | 9 A EcW: m « J $ D/6E m

J Ac 2
8 EAu2 F 2$n Ac 2
8 B7: *B$ 2
8
0*L ~u 7
0 F*$ >'½ 2/ A7D 2$n >'½ WZ;
7 2$n 7$: 9 ]" $ /;A$/
/;A$/ 2
8 ]" *
61
EAu2 $ Ac 2
8 B7: *B$ 2
8 9 A} *$ B7:
**B$ $ 7u n ;A$ ]" F> u2 A $ B7:
;A$ 2
8 *0* 7u n $ : E ;A$ 2
8 ]" Eî
Fu z $ /;A$/ 2
8 * u A* F*$ >'½
A7>:n
A67 2> 8 7 : $> 0 '*0I$ !45R

- $ Ac 2
8 - u A*
- $ $ $ m « 'A
$ u A*
- $ 7 ]* 9 ]" ;A$/ *B$/2
8 ]" * u A*n
E2 WZ;45 e $ (;A$ B7: *B$) 2
8 9
E$D m *$ (**B$) $ 7u n
J O u2 D/6E m$ Ac 2
8 ~T F5e 45 *:/JR
*:/JR
t~45[ ÕZ45[ B8m <45[ 45[ .B <45 (FD8Û) [ @«
""<45[ : t/5 /e I$n
2. DD (BO,) (merger or Confusion) (/ _.1183(1))
DD * *'+ 45 uv W* B7: x 7 D/6E
K5 A, 7 yDDe B7: yBOd F uS =: /7¨d B7: /7ë
B7: 0, B7: G V/ u2 D8 ~*'+ B7: ~D_ 75e
Eu DDe B7: =_ EAu2 2$n E2 2
5 mm $s
u2$ 2
8 E2x 45 EA,83I$ " O 7u n
3. Äe C u (Embodiment/Adjunction) (/ _.1183(2))

Äe C u (DD) * *'+ 45 O uv D/6E K5
A, 7 y=T (yDDe) F'*C uS E'@@I$ ** Fj &u:
/mmI$ $A u2/ Ad EA ] J$ EA Äe C (intrinsic
62
element) F;+ WZ; *F-8 ] $ 2
8 0*L Äe Ce: 0*L
7u n
/ (F
(Fruits)
y0 ] 2
8 //
// E@* uS W 7 J y8 2$n W WZ;
<$ / $/ ] $ 2
8 *7K yB= B7: E| "8 yA8 F
Y 2$n
8 ~ F5e W* 2
5 I$n
1. -> F
45R E/ $[ AC /e yuv
E/ 0*L $: 0*L 7u n AC 0*L ‘$: 0*L
7u n
2. $ E 45R $ E (Artificial) 45 :I$ W* ~-e
F5e uS$ yÒ E I@<' 70en yÒ :I$ 45
I$ F'A89 $/::2 F
Y 2$n *:/J RLK5 C7
F
! L 0*L O 7u n
! B*,: EcW ]
!
0*L O 7u n I@<' 45 :I$ A
F
45 I$n
4.1.6. O * * (Transfer of ownership) (/ _. 1187)
O E EAF

Y O
f5 :, I$ Fe 8E 9@'5
7 N8N8 * Cßn 0*O2 F'!$ , A, $
0*L2 8 2 u EAJ* A7 n 0*L '2I$ 0*L;I$
Ð B7: 0*L;I$ =e K5 'N 0*O u EAFj
C n
0*O2 * * , 0*L S8 E@* ;/& F'A8

2$n A, F ** $ (transferee) A *-$ (transferor)
7 2$n A, $ J*$ 2
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~ *Ð F5eR

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- A, $ Ae B7: 7 9@ yA8 Ec-*$ F7D$ /
(/ _. 2027…)
- *N >m: w A, FB8 z *0* F>
/ (I<
bD` 4018) [ (/ _. 1460-1488 E Jw5
A02 'I$ 5)
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BA J$
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0*O2 ~*B> 75n
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` A7A*:n
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_.1188-1192)
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0*L2 *'+
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m Û: (absolute) B7: 2MM< (relative) ~u 75n 0O2 m
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] ] 4^ EAF *$ D8]n
1. yB,: B7: *' 0<$ yH (/ _.1188 7* ]) n

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8 J 2
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y!N
(/ _.1190)
4. 0*O '>8 WZ; $ O/ ';BD EAu2 (/
_.1191) n $ 9@7 t A| t: E ¥5 *uv
F* A7u:n
5. FD/D F*
/ 0*O E@* B7: E| *uv /'$m 10/b8/ b
'*- EAu2 (/ _. 1192)n
*/ b72 8 7 '* yu 0*O Bc'$v /7 *$ D
EAu2 (/ _. 1153)n
®/ Ð E/ 0*L;I$ E A, B8 $> ;w /7xI$ D
EAu2 (/ _. 1152)n
6. B$ EAu2 (/ _.1460-1488)n
4.1.8. * O2 \ (Proof of ownership) (/ _. 1195-

1195-1203)
7 N8N8 EA * $ A, $ 0*O *u Ac5 A@,

å '*0I$ 2
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,
B! n * 0*O2 D8ì/ Ï8í/ F B
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2
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F"
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(presumption of law) EÉ J \ (proof) A7A*:n A, < B

0*O2 *ST B7: * *Ð F
Û ;1 uv 2
5
*SI$ '@ EAu2 9 O2 E@* 7
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O2 * F5*$ E2 K5 0*7Q; u 2$n :C'
A, D/6E 0*7Q; u Ex 0*O EAu2 *F'
: $
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0*O EAu2 7
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t , '* 2
8 &S8 *A, 7D/D F* 0*L2
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Ec|* ~76I$ EAF5: /9 7 ìn
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S5 6BF'
m F5e WZ;: /9 AD:ín E2:R
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B7:
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(req
(requirements) "8 '7Q ; '* 2$n A, 7D/D F*
$ A '* / _.1723 uv 7;B6n 7 ," /7
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*6* ' O2 We: 7 H uS } ;1 uv

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,
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f5 ~
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8 ] <
2
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EAF5: A7 :: EcW: O2 EcD8
EcD8 F'A89 'e :C'K5
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B'' >'½45
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f5 *`n
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< x
! D B7: A &
Y
! 7u ?
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F5*$ E i , 2$?
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{ b 0*L Ec'$m !, DJ$ `/L
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{ A, B8 ¦ EZ 2$ 07
~
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@A8 *| >m: y bì 7Õ=;n 7 2
8 -© ¦
70
bì 0*L 2Y 07 AK 78@$ AK E$2 7 C * 7-"n C
* F'5 "1 :C' (legal ground) A*$ B7?
9. AK E$2 bì *DJ$ `/L -; *11 b; ' E
&'' AK 78@$ ~/* 75?
10. AK @I$ $3 H , B8 Aa; n G -: ~'
{$ Aj*:n
H A 0$ BT $3$ AK AHT "8 ST '$6n AK @I$
$3$ Ec* AK AHT &D$ -6A ~u Aj*:n
:C' I$ C8C8 * 2/ 9@+ BA A D8 $/Z >n
11. E/$ A' &u $/Z$ 7 F'=$ * $s 7S8 7u?
12. AK ê;$ BA $ A
8 d Äe AA C
Ec'D:>* *AK A7;v 7]n AK A7;v îe AK ê;$
u2$ $> A, D*L B8m AK B/< 25 * 0*5$
m8 àA$ 7=;n AK ê;$ B/< 25 7 C 78;n
B/< 25 B8_ AK A7;v wY m « '
{W
*u2 m A5: * C*5n $/Z >n
13. AK t7;v B8_ *B/< 25 Eê &u *$> '=?
5. 0*O K5 ;45

b[
=¥5 7 8E T ¦R
1. 0*O K5 ;45 'e[ 7 2 e[
2. 0*O2 "8 ''G 9@5 yD8I$ åà5 B
S5
; :,2$ F 2
8 s $/Z 7=en
5.1. ] ] 4^ 0*O K5 (

/
_. 1204(1) 1205(1) (2))
1. 0*L2 We: H uv C n AxÊ2

6F u2 A, $ $ &B, B7: &2m
71
0*L EA0*L2 H*: C (petitory action) *8, L m
Ec** B7: 0*L2 Ec;Bm* *m 75n
<: 0*O ~'
Y 7
0$ 2 Ï >m: / B7:
V/ C Ec * *m F5 7u n EcW: "8
''! I$: .7 08 *6B: 75 // ý.1206/n
2. $: I'1 FD/D E 7D/D /M/ 0*O u
A*$n
3. B7: "1 08
A $ u2 D8 $: $
B E'*: 7W ¦ 01 Fu vx $ *-*
$
$ B7: *N // * A*$ /*:/J R / _. 1205[
483[ 857…[ 2427…/
4. D: (

) [
{ [
5. 7 AA" FA8 w y;$ B7: =6
2 y'">$ 7
*B
,/*D/ ==Y .7 D: *; (/
_.1206[ 2053/2054)
6. BA [ 7 9@ A B! EAu2 C
t*$ (/ _.1206)
7. *F-
$ $ Õ> A*$n
8. E = B7: $ FA8 A*$n uS: B#
bD` 494 A2
$ EA D 2$n

E2 K5 I<
bD` 40-"8- ''Q-; A*n
5.2. 0*O ;45 (

/
_.1204 (2))
; 72=e x uv ` ./«5 I$n Ax$ Ad

*J$ $ ; yu EcW: Ad ; *J$ $ 7u n
: 0*O2 j /7u ;: '! 2$n ;4^
72
B7:
A«^ ::2 B7: ~2ö
~2ö 75en ;4^/
A«^/
F e >×K^ I$n
1. 0*O FD: z *¨L 7¨@ î u A* (/

_.1225, 1226) "1 u2 08 ~D: A7
0:n
2. B# (*:/J bD` 494-497 >D 7j) E I<

bD` 40(1) 8: A2
9 ;45 ten
3. L /8$/ 7 FB8A$ N $O ¨L E@72 >6½
, 7m; (/ _. 1245)
4. J $ t B7: 7B B7: 7 9@ 'A EAu2 9@
/ C- (/ _. 2071-2089)
5. E@7Õ> E@7*B> B7: E@ E@'N /L ExN /;
A/
EAu2 7 ExN 8 (/// _. 154 7* ])
6. F'
{$
& B7: J WZ; DÄ :C' 8 C-
(8 t] 7* ])
7. ==Y / C- A, $ *N >m: w BA
EAu2 0* 7 2
8 y= D (I<
bD`
40(8)[ / _. 1460-1488 E Jw5 t]5)
8. Jw5 8 'e ;45: ~ST 75en
6*'
;1 F0e K5 Ad uS
;1 E$m '
{
>6 A
* 2$n 7 01 Acu
03
8
N8N8 EAF'-
$: ` 2$n
1952 b/: B=$ I' /8 * H 'e

N8N8 ,"45 AD:ín E2 ,"45 7! ,"45 ''!
F2| >'½45 * C n 89: "5 ` 07D>:
A67 `-./ y;7 u2 2
8 * EAu2 *'+ `¢a5
73
EAFDÄ A7 n F
x EAu2[ o<§
A, $ ; A6w '! ` ./ uv[
A@A Ce A-z2: A7 n *7 D/6E 7D/D
w H- O E EAF
Y[ EAF *[ EAFD8[ EAF"
>
B! W* +2 '* *uv B'7 n < A,
Äe C E < 2
8 :2 +2
N n
$> m «; 'G 08 y;7: DÃ; 'I$ 7Q;

0*O 89I$ C bI$ AM8 y;7 'I$ +2
N8N8 * C n 08 y;7 7Q; 'A
C D8« E'*
*0*L2 $/Z F> WZ; *F;7 >6½ F3 9@7 uv 8/
*:n A67 Ad B7: J î *'+ 5 "8
_8Y E@*$: :/J AA- A7 n
* =¥5 b*: yT "8 ''G C}5 FD8I$ z
9 7! F
0 , $ 7 ~'$e ~ 9Ä 7
0n
]& `Wa5
5
1. I<
-
2. 1948 33*$
-
3. 1980 I<
-
4. ® 8
5. ® 8 2 8b
6. ,
7. I< B#
8. * >;1 ;<1 m8}5 B= A] _>8 229/1958
9. *m8 > A0m B= A] _>8 209/1992
74
Jw5 `¢a5
1. Material on Property Law, By Simeneh Kiros and Muradu Abdo,
Octeber 2000
2. I{' (6e >W)
3. :8 8' !"# 8' (-2 A)
4. 7D/D I' ($Õ E-$)
5. The World History of Law and Legal Institutions Ancient, Modern and
Contemporary, By Dr. Girma Gizaw, March 2007
5. A*: AD A1 K5 A] (UDHR)
6. A /LK5 $/Z45
75

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1.2. 89: E ;<1 A=>

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;45 8 F K5 ~_ F5e Bv *7 $

o<§ | j* ` ./ (Notion) EAuv 0*L u2 $

o<§ A 08' AeR

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2) E'@d -> $ B*A z #: $ A $2

3) A, $ :: EØ O;: &u: FS$ o<§ A, j 2$n 7

4) A, $ K5 ;45 ' $ 7B E* , FST E| y

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o<§ ~0e 75e (Extra-

o<§ 8 F6*e K5

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1 0< '$ (Right in personam) F0$ ;45 "8 ''!

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2. A@A B7: C

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2.1. D/6E B7: 76/D F A

“*” E “®” DU !45 0 89: (a contrario interpretation)

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D/6E K5: EA7D/D| K5 FBd WZ; ~'">: 75n

7D/D| K5 :I$ ' C C-$ ~;+ 75en E2

1. ->AI$ 7D/D| K5 (Immovables by their nature)

E2 N8N8 7! EAF $ EC*n

1. ->AI$ 7D/D| K5

->8AI$ 7D/D| K5 F0e EA [

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2. D/6E uS$ 7D/D| K5 "8 0I$ 2 FU >m:

/ ->$ 7D/D$ ' < 2

3. K5 8 F$ >m: AM8 y;7 EA7D/D

A, D/6E E 7D/D F H- '*$ H7@

1. *{ :D:

2. W* 0O2 '

3. @Y2 = '$ 8, L $ 2$ F$ *Bm 7mR

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6. m « A, 07Q; u 0O2 {R D/6E

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J "8 BOA B7: ''! uS BOA

< xa5 w5 + WZ; Äe Cw5 EAuv /8 9

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D/6E yuv[

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1) A, * O // uv 'Ï8=n ] $ 2

A, :;1 9@7 $, 2

3) F'>8 WZ; FS8 z *] $ 2

b72 t@A GH1 $ / 02/'*$ u B7:

GH1 $ 'I$ 2

GH1 $ 'I$ 2

FD/D| K5: + D/6E E + D/6E $ 'e F

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GH1 $ JI$ 2

GH1 $ 'I$ JI$ F Hw A-z2

2.3. 0*L2 AM8 E N O

A67 *'

1. EA ,Ø (tent) /e D/6E LK5 : 7A0e? D/6E B7

1. 07Q;2 :2 'en