SAMPLE AND DATA

Statistics
- A scientific study that deals with:
o collecting (Data)
o organizing, summarizing, presenting (chart)
o analyzing
o interpreting (comparing the average)
o drawing conclusion (surveying)

Descriptive Statistics
- consist of those methods concerned with the aggregation, organization, analysis,
summarization and presentation of numerical or categorical facts so as to yield
meaningful data.
Inferential Statistics
- consist of those methods concerned with establishing patterns, accounting for
randomness and making inferences about an entire population based on information
provided by just a subset or part the population.
Important terms to remember:
1. Population
2. Sample
3. Parameter
4. Statistics

Data
Variable
- refers to the characteristic of the data and being studied.
- refers also to observable characteristics that can be classified or measured.
Example:

 number of students
 number of bags
 number of shoes
 length of hair
 height of the students
 I.Q level of the student
 Attitude of the student
  Appearance of student
 Kind of shoes
Variable can be classified:
1. Quality variable – quality
2. Quantity variable – numerical in nature, discrete, continuous

Level of Measurement
1. Nominal – classification (label)
2. Ordinal – ranking
3. Interval – values/numerical (not starts in zero)
4. Radio – amount, absolute zero (zero – no value)

Methods of Data Collection

1. Direct or Interview
– information are obtained by asking question
2. Indirect or Questionnaire
– make use of written question (survey)
3. Registration
– collecting data governed by laws
4. Experimental
– method used to find cause and effect relationship

Determine the Sample size

Slovin’s Formula
N
n=
1+ N e 2
where:
N = Population size
n = Sample size
e = margin error (%)
 Example: Population is 1000 and margin error is 5%. Find the sample size.
Given: N =1000 e = 5% = 0.05
1000
n= 2
1+(1000)(0.05)
1000
n=
1+(1000)(0.0025)
1000
n=
1+2.5
1000
n=
3 .5
n=285.7