r;: rules which are associatedwith

numerical fractions are also applicable to

algebraic fractions.
tSJ"t?) Expressrhe two fractionswith the
common denominator.

To simplify two algebraic fractions by

I Step 3) Add or subtract the two
addition or subtraction, use the following numerators.
steps:
Simplify the answer to its simplest
I Step f) Find the lowest common multiple
form by factorisation.
&CM) of the two different
denominators.

f Exarnple { I s[
's8 I Example2 I#
-Express m-43Q - m ) I n-G
as a single fraction -
Express - asa singlefractionin its
T ,, G
in its simplest form. simplestform.
m 2- m + 6
A -m-6 .
tn| AI
p
c#-
m2 - m - 6 m 2- 7m - G P+3 2P :I
|J-;- B D
tlt 3p'z rr
Solution Solution
I p* 6
m-4 3(2 - m)
m mz -___\l 2p 6t ,r;;--\,
arrt._1
Gl;_,,r p-G
= 3p(l ) _ | 3, I
_m(m_ 4)_3(2_m) | I," I 3p(2p) 6t <-) ,"* =rrir |
(=__jl4__J ".0
-
_ 3p- (p - 6)
ft\'

6t
_m(m-4 )-3( 2- m )
m2

m2 -4 m - 6+ 3m
m'

m2-m-6
m2
= P+3
Answer: B 3t
Answer: B

.* I
 6{[.1 1 AlgebraicFractions(Forms1 - 3)

,::
Example 3 fE " $
3 e -d 9-d
-= - 3mn w + xm
Bxpress * -'frn aS a Slngleractlon ln
3d -r
e -3 d e -3 its lowest form.
A A 3(x+ y)
3e 3e
-e- 3 e -3 d B 3$+ r)
B
3e 3e (- 3Y + xm
m
Solution
3tu+ m)
3 e -d _9- d D- T
Solution
3mn )cv+ xm
3(de) e(3d) _X__!_
x m'n
3 (3 e- d) - e( s - d)
-3 d e{ €- ) 3m+t' x(v + m)
= ........................_
X __:__
-* m'&
9e - 3d - 9e + de t:""jj1,
_30r+m)
m
d e - 3d
Answer:D

-=fi
ur_:*9T,
,dnsuerA

SHARPEN
' i::' :

| -4m 3 -m2 h+?

2p-3
- 2- 3e
8* 2r'r' 11 '"'"- p+ 3 p(p+ 3)
3eh
2 e+ f 1 x-2
4 4+2p -
4ef 6f 2rC 6r'
p -2 p(p-2)
J x+4 i 2(y+ x) _6-x
:,, e+3 _2-e
x-2 - v lv -)\
9me 6me xy 3x
l _2 '
2 (f+ l ) 6-e 3 _9y-5
,,^
3(2 - y) 3(4 + y) : lt ----------
^- 5x 75xy
:e IJe
lx .A ') +v 2v-l
,1 - '-
,(r.t) - r . l ils ,*2- 3x 6y
| _8- e
2m 74me 16
8xy+3 _-(r-r)
1 , U 3 (mnm + n_)r y
75xy2 3y -tm
2p_1 .rn I x-6
| _ p -4
(p +q) ( p- q) ( p- q ) 2x 6xz
6p 2p'
x-y _ | 3(x+ 1) _9-y
7 _ 5 -i n
l0xy 15x t8 xy 3y
5m 15mn
x+y _x + 3 4 _ x+9 | _2p-9
2xy 6x t9 3p 6p'
x -3 x (x -3)
2 x _ f + 9. I _ v -8 | 3-5n
10
36x 2v 6v' 1;- r2*"

7
rc
 e!|pftf t AlgebraicFractions(Forms1 - 3)

31 -l- -3-e 35 2--5+x : 3n 6d+ e _2-e

6e 3e2 5x l5x2
i 3dee
n2 -4 3** m+n l.
32L
2 36 i + O -!-- n' -o
3m mn i 3m 12mn
3 m+ 5 6- 5m t
,, x-6
5m 10 37 L- t at h* k - 4-k
3x 72x2 i hk
1o - v 2 m -n 6 -n
34 ]-- t ,t qz L
5-3m
2y 6y' 5m lom2

,...t

Multiple-choiceQuestions 5- - __=
d -6 3
i
5y+xq
(PAPER1) d (d -z ) d iq "
i 50+q)
A2 o
, k l(-l
_= d iq
33k -2(d + 6)
B i n ? ^ *6 u = =
2l*+l d(d - 2)
A
i *cY " -' , Y -J
3k
C2 .t) i It A --i ^
r-2P
B ;i Y +5
3k _) x+3
D i u
cl d(d - 2) : 3.r(y+ 3)
3k x+3
-
6 __
I 6 -v'
=
i
: " 3-r(y- 3)
D-1 3x 15*y
3k 3 x 0+ 3 )
A
. 2 (v -3 \ i o
,, | zx-l : x+3
_ l5xy
x6 x
B v-r i rO 3+n , 6-, =
7 -2 x 15xy nn2
A
6x 2(Y -r) :w n
5 -2 x
c :i '1 0 A 2
B 5xy :
6x a-, 1 3 +n
'l-L iB
5 -x D
6
c 5ry
3x
3n+ n2
7 -* m+l 3 -4 e
D -t- 6-m
3x 4me l2e
n 2 +2 n +6
3 -4 me
6+ 3m A^ n2
36 l2me
m-2 m(m - 2)
3+4me y -3 _y2 + 1
B =
A C2 l2me
m-z ^L!- m zJy

B- 1 =
m-z
D 3
m
C# y' -9y-2
6y

, | 2h-1
_=
Dr# y' -9y + 2
6y
5h loh2
5pq y' -9y-l
AI c-l B ,p*!e =
70h2 r0h g{ x PQ' 6y
h-r ' 12 A 5( y + l) y' -3y-2
B1 D
5h )h' B 5(,r + y) 6y

:- 3
 Chpe I AlgebraicFractions(FormsI 3)

2 _4n- l _ 5 m -4 -2 -Zx
t2 i C
3n 9n2 :4 n
t* -z-zx-r
'{r4 l - 2n -4 -3 m f
A D
9n2 i. 4n -2+ 2x-x2
C --
) n +'l
; x'z
B :::__:__:_ i 1 4 s l m p m y(5 n 2+ mn)* ,r2^ = .. -2-4x-*
9n2 n2(m+ 5n) D
i gl f
m
2 n-l i'mL

B+
l-
9n2 t 6 E x p re+s-$
s ut
D
6 n+ l lff a singtefraltionin itl simplest
9n2
rv 2m---:-
f-x-6
m l-m A ----7--
13 -
Express -; as a single
sx
'09
;
fraction in its simplest form.
D2m
m+5n B
f-x-l O
-__7-
:.- x+ 3 f-i x-6
A 5m
: 15 .-x -2
-tsXPreSS - - aS a C ---
n - x' x x'z
,srn
w _' )
; * single fraction in its simplest f-7x-10
B D -7-
n : Ionn.

i-
4
 AICEBNAIS EXPRESSIONS

,E
I' I In algebra, like terms can be combined into 3 Methods of factorisation:
a single term by addition or subtraction, (a) Using common factor
For example, (1) ab - ac
a is the common
(a)2x+3x=5x = a(b-c) factor.
(b)3y-4y=-y (ii) xy - x
= .t(y - 1) x is the common
(c) 4x2 - x2 = 3x2
factor.
(d)4a-3b-a-4b (iii) 8xy - 6x
=4a-a-3b-4b = 2x(4y- 3) 2x is the common
factor.
=3 a- 7b
(b) Using differenceof two squares
(i)x'-y'=(x+y)(x-y)
2 Expansioir is the process of getting the (ii) 9x2- 16 = (3x)2- 42
product of - (3x + 4)Qx - a)
(a) a term with an expression,or (11i)m2- 1 = m2- 1' *--(rl r)
(b) an expression with another expression. -(m+ l )(m-l )
For example,
(c) Using the following identities
4'\
m\m - il) = m'- mn (1)a2+ 2ab+ b2= (a+ b)2
\a)
(ii) a2 * 2ab + b2 = (a - b)2
A
(b) (x - 3)(i + 2l = x2+ 2x- 3x- 6 (d) Using grouping method
= x2-x-6 (1)ax+ay-bx-by
Y
= a {S-*1S-a$&r$
.A \
(c)(x+y)'=(x+W+Y) = (x+ y)(a-b) (x + j4 is the
common tactor.
(ii) n(l - p) - (p - r)
=x2+xy+oxy+y, = lz f.:.S.#+ t {g$S<-{:1o -
=*+2ry+y2 fi
= (I - p)(m+ 1)<- tj!_P,
.7---:> \
(d) (r - y)' = (x - v) ( . r - y )
l11y"'f"gor.-,,;
i{7 t'

=f-xl-0ry*y'
=i-2ry+j2

( x + y ) 2 + x 2 + y2
(x-h2+x2-Y2

5
*
 chp&r 2 (FormsI - 3)
AlgebraicExpressions

f *i*mpti'C'
(3x + y)(x-2y) = (2x - 3)(3x + 4) =
A 3 * + 5r y + 2y 2 A 6f + x-I2
B 3 * - S x y - 2y 2 B 6x2-x-12
C 3 * + 7x y + 2y 2 C 6x2-l 7x+ 12
D 3 * *7x y - 2y 2 D 6* -l 7x-12
Solution Solutinn
Ax
(3x+i&-2v)
v-l' (2x-3)(3x+ 4)
=3 * * 6x y + x y - 2y 2 <-j 4
- 3x2- sxy-2f
= 6rf+ 8x-9x-L2
r_
=6ri*x-t, ***.(F;i}
AnswerB
i:
I Example2 I
2x(x - 3y) - (3x - y)2=
A -7 *- y '
B -7 *+ 1P Excmple 4
C -7 *- G x y + y 2 5mn-3(l - mn) =
D -7 x - l2x y - y 2 A Smn
Solution B 2mn-3
2x(x-3y) - (3x-y)'z C 4mn-3
D 8mn-3
<i--{ ,4\
- 2x(x- 3y)- [(3x- t){s; - t)l Solution
YJ /,i\
2
= 2x2- 6xy - l9x2- 3xy - 3xy + y2) ?a, I
5mn-3(l -mn)
= 2x2 - 6xy - 9x2 + 3xy + 3ry - yt = 5mn-3 + 3rnn
=2rt2-9x2 -6xy +6xy-yt = $mn-3
_ _7x'_t'
dryayna

Simplify the following algebraic 6 (x -y )' + y (2 x -y) 5m2-n2+(m-n)2

L2 where m f 0
expressions. 2m
7 (m -l )2 -m(l +m)
| 3(m- 2)-(m-6 )
f+ 4y2-(x+ 2y)'
2 (m+ n)2 -m(m+2 n)
8 t-Tgwheren*o
d2+2de-e2+(d-e)2
3 (m-l)'z+(2 m-l) 9 2(p - l)z - (l + 2p2)
15 (2x-y)' -(3x-y)(x-y)
4 (p+ 2)2 -p(p +4 ) l0 e2+ (2d - e)(Zd + e)

5 (x+ y)2-(x'+f) 11 (y - 3)'z- 3(3 - 2y) t6 (m+ l )(m-2)-m2+ 2m

i-
6
 .-.q@4!re . AlgebraicExpresions
(Forms
1- 3)

Factorise the following algebraic i2r 3x3- 27x 2 6 m 2 - l 2 m +3 6

expressionscompletely. :
ir t x 2 -3 x + ry -3 y 2 7 x 2 - l 6 x +6 4
17 l8x2 - 2 i
18 6m2n- mn i23 (y -6 )-(6 -y ) 2 8 9 y 2 +6 y +l

1 9 3x-3y+ x y-y2 iA 5 x 2 -4 (x 2 + l ) 29 4m2 + l2mn + 9n2

::
2 0 p(q-l)-(1 -q) i25 (2 -x )' + 4 (2 -x ) 3O x2 - 6xy + 9y2

Multiple-choiceQuestions (y -2 )' -a Q -)= 14 (2m + 3n)(m- 2n) =

(PAPER1) A y'- 5y gI A 2m2-mn+ 6nz
B y'+ 4y !$ 3 2m2-7mn-6n2
cyt C 2m2+ mn-6n2
3m-m(n+ 3) =
A -mn D /' - 8 v D 2m2-mn-6n2
B 6 m- m n m(m-2 n )-(m-n )' -
C 2 mn + 6m 15 4x(x-2y)-(4x-y)2 =
An2
D 2 mn + 3 &,t -y '
B -n2
rff t -12x2+y2
C n2- 4m n
C -12x2-yz
5x-2 (l -x ) = D n2 - 2m n
D -1212- 16ry+ y2
A 3 x-3x z ( m + n) 2- ( m - n) 2=
B 4 x-2 t6 (3m + 4)(2m- 3) =
A 2n2
C 6 x-2
D 7 x-2
B 2n2 + 4mn
C 2m2+2n2
# AB 6m2-m-12
6m2+ m-12
D 4mn C 6m2-m+ 12
D 6m2+ m+ 12
3(x-2 )-(x + 3) =
3k ?+ 4m 2 - ( k - 2m ) z
A 2 x+9 10
B 2 x-9 k + 2m i 17 5* -x(l -x)=
C 2 x-5 A 2k :i g'0FT A
4* -I
D 2 a +l B 4k B 4f-x
C 2k2+ 4mk i c 6 -r
:
2k2 D 6* -x
D
d .(e -2 )- e( d- 3) = k+2m
A -2 d -3e 18 (x-2y)2-x(x-y)=
Bd e l l (m+ n )(m-n )-m(m-n)= gI A 4y'- xy - 4y
C 3 e-2d g g A mn -n 2 '07
B 4yr_5ry
D 2 d +3 e ' 1 2B mn + n 2
C 4y' - 3xy
C -m n -n z O 4y2+3xy
D m n -n 2 -2 m n
(x+2 )(x- 3) - x ( x - 2) = i
A x-6 12 (3x + 2)(J - l) + (; - 3)Cr- l) = i 19 6xy-3(l-ry)=
B -6 -3 x g I A 4 x y -4 x -)+ I i S a 9*y-3
* n 7xy-3
C -3 x-6 T o 3 4 ry -4 x + y -l :
D 3 x-6 C 4 " y -2 x -y -l i C 5xy-3
D 4 x y -2 x + y + l t 3xy-3
i
(x + 2y)2- (f + 4y21= 1 3 2 1 x+ 3 )-(l -3 x Sz-' i 20 (3 - x),- (2-x)(3 + x) =
AO g I A 5 -4 x + 9 x 2 i A 3-5x
B 8 f+4 x y 1 e B 5 + 8 x -6 1
i n 3-7x
C 4ty C 5 + 8 x -9 rl ; C N+x+3
D 4xy -8f D 7 -4 x -9 f : D 2f -5x+3

,- 7
 ITNEAREQUAilTONS

r_
t

es on solvi
(a The same
lving linear equau
e number
.umDerma
n ay be
tions:
e added to both
sides of an equation.
equatior
(c) Both sides of an equation may be multiptied
by the same number.

For example,
For example, x _2
x-3=7 2"

+*r* =3*$
.r -: *:-$= 7 5g Muhiplybolh
sides by 2.
.r= 10
x=6
(b) The same number may be subtracted from
both sides of an equation. (d) Both sides of an equation may be divided by
the same number.
For exainple,
x+5=3 For example,
Subtract5 trom -2x= 6
r + 5+1]$.=3rti$ bothsides.
x=-2 Jx6 Divide both sides
ffi=s by -2.

x=-3

Example'l tr rffif'# ",

Giventhat r + 3 = 3t@, calculatethe Giventhat *:7 = 2m - 1,find the valueof m.
3
value of x. A-2
A -1 6 c+ B+ c
B-T
7
D+ c.2
D5
Solution
?(l Qr)
Solutian
-
x+3 -3 _
!\r s,t

m+ 7 = 2m-L
<-\
3(x + 3) =2 ( r - s x t @ 3
-t
3x+9 = z-o x 3(2m-l )= m+ 7
3x+6x =2 -9 6m-3= m + 7
9x 6m-m= 7 + 3
7
x =-- 5m= IO
I flx= 2

Answer:B Awwer: C

9
-
t$d&tl- (Forms
. LinearEquations 1- 3)

Given that 2x - 3 = 4(3 - x), find the value

Giventhat *- - 3x = -2(3 - x), then x =
J of x.
A+ + c+ A
?

2
I
2
B+ D+ B
15
2 2
Solutian
Solution
= -
t -t* -2(3 x) ,6'--*
7 -9 x = - 6( 3- x ) 2x-3=4(3-x)
7 -9 x = - 18+ 6x 2x-3=12-4x
25 = llx 2x+4x-12+3
*=# 6.r= 15
x=
15
=* 6
.-5
X =-
2
.:
Arwunr:8
:

Given that L4 - 3(2 - m) = 7m + 6, calculate the f examptes I

value of ln.
Giventhat + z = 5, find the valueof rn.
A_ 2 C I lm
2 A1 c9
Bl D 16 B6 D 13
5 27
Solutian
Solutian
14 -3(2 - m) =7m + 6
14- 6 + 3m=7m* o *----l :3(?. TI I
/---.------:-\ lm+z=s
6;,*tt;;)
3m - 7 m =6 +6-14
-4m = -2
t=jj!,
lm=s-z*--tt"h:gJ
m = _-2_ a tm=z fil"rri-it, b"th)
m =3x3
-i

*=i I
rn =9 --tslf_J
Ansnn*:C

ffi;it
Solve each of the following equations. 'r- l 1l
5 -=-+4 -x--= -
JJ 233
13(1l-4)=8 -y
m-3 -m
z ! r * +1 ) =3 2 (x + 3 )= 5 (.r -3)
46
J

5 =10 1l 9-(2p+ 5)= 4P

3 2(y-5)-O-3)=2
2p
12
x+2 =x-6 t2 2 n _ L =2 ! =
o '4 4
3 3 x -(5 -2 x )= 15

.* 10
 .,futi.S . Linear (Forms
Equations 1- 3)

13 2 x+ l =5 - 2( 2. , c - l) 2 3 3 p -(p + 4 )= 8 36 3p-2= 2(p+ 3)

I
!- I I 2 4 -!,3 .x + l )= 2 37 2-5x= 4(l -x)
u = 5'
634
2 5 3 (J -2 )-(t+ 2 )= 6 38 y+ 6= 2-30-4)
2pl3
1 5:+ _-_ r- ?
344 26 ^ " -2 39 1- Lu= 4
5 J

x-2 _ x 2 7 2 (y -3 )= 9 -y
,U
J) 4o !+ Z= 10
32
28" " ' ,--
n+?
"= o-6 2 m4 41 3p -2 = -4(p -3)
17'
a
2 9 " * 2 = " -3 42 7-2(u+ 31= 5
). 1 72
18 -'-5 =-i - 43 3(2k-3)-(2-3k)= 1
33 3 0 3 y -(y -4 )= 8

19 3 -(m+5 ) = m + 10 44 5m-3= 7-(2-m)

3 l m+ != 4
J
., 45 != 3x-l
20 m +a m= 5 32 6p-(p+3)=l 2
-l

33 2-!= 1 46 6-2(x-l ) = -7(x+ 1)

1,,
2 l -L k+3 \- ' - ^ J

^' 47 2(3-w )+ 5w -7= O

34 3f- 5(f- 4) = 2
48 3-2(w -6)= 3w
2 2 3d =d +5 35 2-!=m-2
2 3 49 k-4(3+ k)= 3

'-t&,}G.*
"+,

Multiple-choiceQuestions G iv ent hat l- 3( u+ l )

10 Given that2 - !, = t, find the
(PAPER1) = -5(u - 2), frnd the value of a.
J
A-7 c-2 valueofp.
I Given that 3 - 2(1 - m) = 3m - I, B-6 D6 A -9
find the value of m. B9
I
A-2 c2 Sofve-:( | - 2k) + 3 = 2(k - l).
c
J
BO D4 J
A_2 C2
B5 D3
Giventhar
5x_ 3= jA*t D4 5
1, 4
find the value of x.
A-2 C4 Solv em - 3( 2+ m ) = 2 . 11 Given that 7 - 2(3 - m) = 3m - l,
B2 D6 A- 2 C2 find the value of rz.
B -4 D4
3 Gi ve n th at T =5- 2( u + 3),fi n d A2
5
the valueof z. So l v e 1 1-4 = !. B1
JJ
A_ 4 C ;- C2
J
A 7+c 30 D4
B-+D z
J B 15D 45 ._ ?/r ._ r 'l
12 Gi venthat2_+ = {.fi nd
z5
Given that 5n + 3 = 9 - (2 - n), 9 Given that 4m:3 = 1 - z, find .# the value of y.
find the value of n. SI
,ffi tne valueof m! A+ c 9
A-+ c 2
J
A-l CT 5
_55 BI 2l
B -l I B _i Di 11

11
-*
 frrSfu 3 (Forms
LinearEquations 1- 3)

q
Giventr'atlt' - ';t = ,. i 16 Given that 2k - 'l = 4(2 - k), find A -;-
.13
I gI th" value of k.
IJ
H nnOthe value-ofx.
i ' 0{ ts t5
-t A -25 i A --:1 B _-_
B-7 iL
l6
,) q
c-5 B_ 1 c _:_
'7
D -2 5
5 D
c:_ 4
z
Given,r'u, = rrna D9
_14 {Z \J. , )"+5
i 19 Civen that-::7:- = 2r - l. find
S ,n" valueof x." : 17 Giventhat 13 - 3(2 - y) = 9Y+ 4,
I ,n" valueofr.
A rz: i S calculatethe valueof y. i #
1)
'{5 1 i A+
B+ 6
A
4
:J

i '7
: BZ
ct B_L
8 : Cl
q I ; D3
Df C :
z
'i 20 2(l - 2m)
l6 Gi venthatm+ 4= -
D ,5
l9 i ff calculatethe valueof n.
15 Given that2 - Lu = 4, find the
3 :aa1
i n -at
$I valueof n. :
'{xr , tg Clu"n tfrat1 - 5m = -3(2 - m),
A 4 2 'B-18
:t\a

, # * "'-=
:L
B-2 rl
C2 . D _;
D6

}- 12
 .:

EQUATTONS

Solution steps: Solution steps:

I Express one variable in terms of the other
variable in one equation.
2 Substitute the expression in the other
equation.
3 Solve the resulting equationin one unknown.
4 Find the value of the other variable by
substitution.
I Multiply one or both the equationsby suitable
numbers (if necessary)so that the coefficients
for one of the variables differ only in signs.
2 Add the two resulting equations to
eliminate one variable.
3 Solve the resulting equationin one unknown.
4 Find the value of the other variable bv
substitution.

f Example I l#
Solve the following simultaneous linear equations.
2 m - 3n= lO
2 (, -3 n = ro
4 m + n= - l 1 -3 n = 1 0
Solution -3n= 10-l
-3n = 9
. n= -3
H ence,* = l andn= -3.
2m - 3n = 10. . . .......
(1 ) z
(2) x3: l2m + 3n = -3 ..........(3)
( 1) + (3 ): l 4 m = 7
_7 It's advisableto check the answersby substitution.
t4 Substitute n =
!
anan = -3 into equation (2):
_l LH S =4m+n
2 = a (1 t -s
=2 - 3
Subsututem = + into equation(l) or (2):
-l

=*1
2rn* 3n = 10.,..,....,
{1) FIHS
: LHS =- RHSslns glat rhe*T *
:

* 13
Gh@i I -3)
SimultaneousLinearEquations(Forms

.t'.':.:,::.,.,1.;-:.:..1...-

Calculate the value of x and of y that satisry the Substitute y - -2 into equation (1) or (2):
following simultaneous linear equations: 4x-y= 22........" (2)
? 4x - (-2) =22
1a - - Y = 2 4x+ 2= 22
2'
4x= 22-2
4x - Y = 22
4x= 20
Solution x= 5
3^
x + : _V = 2 ..........(1 ) H ence,r= 5and!= -2.
2"
(2 )
4x - y = 2 2 ..........

Calculate the value of p and of 4 that satisff the Substitutep=2into equation (1):
following simultaneous linear equations: Lo-Za = 10..........(I)
I 2'
-SO = tO
Vn L e l -3 a = t o
5P + 6q= -g 2"
l -34= 10
Solutian -3q= l o-l
Lp- S q = 1 0 ..........(l ) -3q = 9
2' I
5p + 6q = -8 ..........(2) q=4
(1)x 2: p - Gq= 20 ..........(3) 4=-3
5p + 6q = --B..........(2)
p=2andq=-3.
Hence,

:+:,

..

Solve the following simultaneous 3 p + :-q = l io X__y =_l

linear equations. 2 2'
2 P-q = -6 2x+ 3Y = $
I
1 x+-i-v=1
J
4 x -3 Y = J
b- Y = 7 71r-y= 6
2 x -5 Y= i 2
x-2Y = $
2 P + 3q= J 5 2 m -n = 2
3 P - 6q= 4 4 m -3 n = 5

l4
-
 @! -.. SimultaneousLinearEquations(Forms1 - 3)

2 m + 3n= 9 l-
13 _x + v = ) :18 x-2y= ' l
m 2
: 2x _:_tt = 9
x - 3y = - J
J : J-

:
I
P -2 q =7 L4 2'p + -:-o = 3 -'7nql n=-J
3- :le J
1
5 p -q = 2 2 m - n =8
-! -p-6=)
J i
i

:20 ^Zlm +_ n =J
15 2 m -L n = 4
x +2 y-5 J
: J

h- y=-l o 3m-2n= 12
4m - n= 9 :
:
izt 2d-0.5e= 2
1 4d-3e= 8
1l 2p+=-q =J 2x _Ly = 9
z 2"
3P-q =l t x - Y= 5 : ,,, 2a+ 3b= -4
3a-5b= 13
t7 b- Y =t
1 2p+ in = , :ra
I
:m-2n =2
1^ L
X__V= J
3 P -2q= lJ 3m-8n= l O

SubjectiveQuestions 7 2 m_ ].r= 5 14 d-l * = A

(PAPER
2) J J

3 m+ n = 3 2d-3e= 19
Solvethe following simultaneous
linear equations. 8 5m+3n=7 L5 v-2w = 9
m-6 n = 8
I 'o+l o =l $ 3v+ w = 13
2'
3P-q =1 3
9 3x+y=)
U rc |t -2 q = rr
2 3x+y=1 5 -1r r2 x-i r=n
x-2 y=--)
# ; . 4 q= -r4

3 2m-n =7 l 0 2 m -n = 7 t7 3p -2q = 12
m-2 n = 5 S'10I 3. -2n = rr $
6p+c=9

4 2m +n =5 18.r+ 3y= l
ll 2 m-Z n = 2
4m-3 n =1 5 j SEr
*
6 m-3 n = 8 ir - ) = 5
S ] p+ 2 a =-l
I
J
1 2 2 x + ;f =5 19 g+ 3h= 3
P-3 q =6
' 1 2 Jx- Y= 1 6
#4s- 2h=- 16
6 2v+6 w=3
1 3 4 x -y = l
20x+1r = - o
Lv -2 w =2
J H z t+ 3 y = -2
s #ur-'r=ru

15
':-
 .:
'.t' '

ANCSANI' gEgTONg

r,' ilotes

Arc length
Circumference of circle
Angle subtendedat centre
360'
Angle subtendedat centre Circumference of
Arc length =
360" circle

Area of sector Angle subtendedat cenffe

Area of circle 360"
Angle subtendedat centre
Area of sector = x Area of circle
360"

rffirH
The diagram shows two sectors Ope and ORS Perimeter of sector OPQ
with the same centre O.

(b) Area of sector OPQ

=i#tt$$
=,q$+1:
It is given that LPOQ = 70oand LROS = 40..
)u Area of sector ORS
Usi n g n =*, c alc ulat e
(a) the perimeter of sector OPQ,
='.S..,
(b) the area of the shaded region. =:*X*i.j
Solution Areaof the shadedregion
(a)ArceQ= = 6f.11- 17.11
ffixz = 44m2
= L2.22

* t7
 Arcsand Sectors(Forms1 - 3)
-{bqiteis:.:

#
The diagram below shows two sectors OPQR Perimeter of the whole diagram
and Osf with the same centre O. OPU is a = A rcP Qft+ R S + arcS T+ TOP
semicircle. TOP and' OSRare straight lines and
ITOS = 60".

: oPQR=
(b) Areaof sector n(10)'

=ffi
ffix

= 104.73cm2
u9,,x
AreaofsectoroST = n(5)2
360"
Using n = 3.142,calculate
(a) the perimeter of the whole diagram,
(b) the area of the shaded regions.
= 13.09cm2
Solutian
I
(a) Arc PQR = l?0";noo) Area of semicircle OpU = _:_x n(5),
2

= 20.95cm
.'. Area of the shaded regions
Ar cSI=# x2 n ( 5) = Area of sector OPQR+ Area of sector
OST- Area of semicircle OPU

r -. r- -i:-.-::r-r-,._,.i-,.L

In the diagram, DEF is an arc of a circle of (a) the perimeter of the whole diagram,
radius 5 cm with centre O. (b) the area of the shaded regions.

Solutian
(a) Arc pgp = JE x2n(5)
360"

= 12.66cm

Perimeter of the whole diagram

Given that ZDOF = 145", DE = B cm
and using n = 3.142, calculate
:w
= A rcD E F+ FO+ OD

L8
-
 Ctqtet5 . Arcsand Sectors(Forms1- 3)

(b)Areaof sectorODEF=ffi * nttl, Area of the shaded regions

= Area of sector ODEF - Areaof ODE

= 31.64 cm2

Area of LODE = i tftur")x(height)

= 12 cm2

1 The diagram shows sector PQR Using n = 3.142, calculate

@ with centre O and radius 10 cm. (a) the perimeter of the whole
diagram,
(b) the area of the shaded
regions.

3 In the diagram, O nd P are

Given that PQ = 35 cm,
centres of the bigger and the
OQ = 49 cm, IPOP'= 160" and
smaller circles respectively.
u s-r2n2g f i - ; - . c a l c u l a t e
(a) the area of the shaded region,
Given that QR = 16 cm and using
.-. arcOO'
n = 3.142, calculate ( b') -- .
arc PP'
(a). the perimeter of the shaded
regions, ;5 In the diagram, PR is the diameter
(b) the area of the shaded of the circle.
regions. P
In the diagram, PQT and RS are
arcs of circles with the same
centre O. It is given that
Given that OR = 2O cm and usins
IPOT = 90' and OP = QR = l0 cm.
n = 3.142, calculate
5 (a) the length of the arc pRS,
(b) the area of the shaded
R
regions.
Given that PQ = 8 cm,
In the diagram, PP' and QQ' are QR = 6 cm and using n = 3.142,
circular arcs with the same calculate
centre O. (a) the length of minor arc SR,
(b) the area of minor sector OP,9,
(c) the area of the shadedreqrons.

* t9
afafilGr 5 Arcsand Sectors(FormsI - 3)
In the diagram, PQRS is a
rectangle. RT, TU and UY are
three quadrants of circles.
1 0c m
s
6 cm
Given that PS = 10 cm and
S R= 6cm,
(a) find the radii of the three
quadrants,
(b) calculatethe length of curve
RTUV in terms of rc,
(c) calculate the area of
the shaded regions.
f -- 2 21
lU se f i = -l
t 7)
The diagram shows a circle
of radius 10 cm with centre O.
AC is a chord, ZAOC = 60o
and diameter BOD rs the axis of
symmetry of the shaded regions.
D t4
Using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the length of AC,
ft) the area of AOD,
(c) the area of the shadedregions.
In the diagram, PQ and RS are
arcs of circles with the sarne
cenlrreO.
Using n =3.142, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the whole
diagram,
(b) the perpendicular distance
from R to OP,
(c) the area of the shaded region.
In the diagram, PQ and RS
are arcs of circles with the same
centre O. It is given that
O S= 8c m andQ R =6 c m .
Using n =3.142, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the whole
diagram,
(b) the perpendicular distance
from R to OP,
(c) the area of the shadedregions.
!1 0 In the diagram, BCD is an arc of a
circle with centre O.
(a) Find the radius of the circle.
(b) Using n = 3.142, calculate
(i) the area of sector OBCD,
(ii) the area of the whole
diagram,
(iii) the perimeter of the
whole diagram.
!rr In the diagram, RS and PQ are
arcs of circles with the same
centre O. QRO and PTOS arc
straisht lines.
P z 0c m O 10cm S
Using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the length of arc RS,
(b) the length of RT,
(c) the area of LPOR,
(d) the area of the shadedregion.
;- 20
t2 The diagram shows a square of
side 7 cm. BAC and DAC are
quadrants of circles with centres B
and D respectively.
Using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the shaded
region,
(b) the area of the shaded region
:13 In the diagram, PQ is an arc
of a circle with centre O.
o
Given that ZPOQ = 70' and using
n = 3.L42, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the shaded
region.
(b) the area of the shaded region.
In the diagram, O is the centre of
the circle. OS is the diameter of
the semicircle.
Using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the length of arc QRS,
(b) the perimeter of the unshaded
regions,
(c) the area of the unshaded
regions.
15 In the diagram, QR and PST are
arcs of circles with the same
centre O. OPQ and OSR are
straisht lines.

;L 6 In the diagram, PQ is an arc of
Using ru = 3.142, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the shaded
regions,
(b) the area of the shadedregions.
SubjectiveQuestions
(PAPER
2)
I with centre Q,
-sD
3 In the diagram, PQ and SR are
XY
(a) Diagram X shows a piece of
wire bent to form an arc PQR
which subtendsan angle
of 225' at the centre of the
crcle O.
Given that OP = 14 cm,
calculate the length of the wire.
(b) If the wire is used to form a
circle with centre C as shown
in Diagram Y, calculate the
radius of this circle.
(c) Calculate the ratio of the area of
major sector PQR to the area of
the circle with centre C.
r t1 1
l Use n = -- |
L 7)
The diagram shows two circles
with centres O and Q. P is the
midpoint of OQ.
a circle with centre O. OSP and
ORQ are straight lines.
lo cm S locm
Given that OR = 10 cm and
IROP = 90o, calculate
(a) the circumference of the circle
(b) the area of the shaded resions.
[Use n = 3.142]
arcs of circles with the same
centreO.It is given that
O P= 10 c m and QR =5 c m .
Using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the whole
diagram,
(b) the perpendicular distance
from Q to OS,
(c) the area of the shadedregions.
In the diagram, 0R is an arc of a
circle of radius 2l cm with centre
O. PQ and OS are diameters
of the two semicircles, each
measuring 14 cm.
24|u.
2l
-
.fhlletr5 ArcsandSectorsBorms
l-3)
Using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the length of arc PQ,
(b) the area of the shaded region.
^a
u s l n g 'I =- , c a l c u l a t e
(a) the perimeter of the shaded
region,
(b) the area of the shaded resion.
5 The diagram shows two
semicircles with centres P and Q
respectively. The radius of each
semicircleis 10 cm.
Given that QS is perpendicular
to PQR and using n = 3.142,
calculate
(a) the size of ZQPT,
(b) the area of the shaded
region in sector pR.l which
is divided into three equal
sectors,
(c) the perimeter of the shaded
region PTU.
6 In the diagram, OPQR is a sector
-$E of a circle with centre O.
 Chpt r 5 Arcsand Sectors(FormsI - 3)

Given that ZPOR = 160' and
using fi = 3.142, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the shaded
regions,
(b) the area of the shadedregions.
7 The diagram shows a sector
w
'09
PQR of a circle with centre O
' TI and a semicircle with OR as its
diameter.
Given that ZOPQ = 90" and using
aa
n = 1, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the whole
diagram,
(b) the area of the shadedregion.
i 1 0 The diagram shows a semicircle
I with centre O and two sectors
with centres E and F respectively.
Using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the area of sector QPU,
(b) the perimeter of the shaded
region.
:13 In the diagram, ABC and DE are
two arcs of circles with the same
centte O. OAFE is a rectangle.

Given that DE = EO - OF - FG
= 5 cm and using n = 3.142,
Giventhat OP = 14 cm andusing calculate Given that OC = CD = 5 cm and
22 (a) the perimeter of the shaded using n = 3.142, calculate
=
fi ---, Calculate region, (a) the perimeter of the whole
(b) the area of the shaded region. diagram,
(a) the perimeter of the shaded
(b) the area of the shadedregions.
region,
(b) the area of the shadedregion. :1 1 In the diagram, OPQ, TQR and
URS are three quadrants. O{/RZ is
:14 In the diagram, OPQ is an isosceles
a squzueand POUS is a straight triangle. PR is an arc of a circle with
The diagram shows a semicircle
line. aentre O. ORQ is a straight line.
with centre O. RS is an arc of a
circle with centre P.

Given that OP = 14 cm and usins

Given that OT = TS = 5 cm and
using n =3.142, calculate
(a) the length of arc R,S,
(b) the area of sector PRS,
(c) the area of the shadedregion.
In the diagram, PRS is an arc of
a circle with centre P and PTSU
is another arc of a circle with
centre O.
))
n =;, calculate
Using n =3.142, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the whole (a) the length of arc PR,
diagram, (b) the perimeter of the shaded
(b) the area of the whole diagram. region,
(c) the area of the shaded region.
12 In the diagram, QPU and QST i 15 In the diagram, QT and QR are
are two sectors of circles with the
arcs of circles with centres P
same centre Q.QUT and PQRS
and O respectively. OSP is an
are straight lines. QUR is an
equilateral triangle of side 10 cm
equilateral triangle and
and T is the midpoint of SP.
O R= RS= 5c m .

.,'
*

Using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the whole
diagram,
(b) the area of the shadedregions.
L6 The diagram shows a quadrant
$l with centre O and a semicircle.
'v
,,.,
Using rc = =1, calatlate
(a) the perimeter, in cm, of the
shaded region,
(b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded
region.
t7 In the diagragr, OSR and OTQ
ST
'm
are two sectors of circles with
'10 the same centre O and OPO is a
quadrant with centre Q.
Given that OS = 10 cm, PQ = 5 cm
and using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the perimeter of the whole
diagram,
(b) the area of the shaded
regions.
18 In the diagram, PQ and RS are
l[f arcs of two different circles with
'& same centreO.It is
eiven that
Q R= S T =5 cm un iOp=l0c m .
Chaptor 5 Arcsand Sectors(FormsI - 3)
))
U s i n g n =- - - , c a l c u l a t e
I
(a) the perimeter of the whole
diagram,
(b) the area of the shaded regions.
:21 The diagram shows quadrant OPQ
; 9P1rl
rff and semicircle SRZ, both with
: '0?
centre O.
Using n = 3.142, calculate
(a) the area, in cm2, of the shaded
region,
(b) the perimeter, in cm, of the
whole diagram.
t9 The diagram shows two sectors,
w OPQR and OSZ with the same
1I5
centre O. OUP is a semicircle
with centre V. TOP and OSR are
straisht lines and ZTOS = 45".
It is given that OS = 7 cm and
OP = l0 cm.
')')
U s i n g n - =, c a l c u l a t e
I
(a) the area of the shadedregion.
(b) the perimeter of the whole
diagram.
22
uslng tr - -! calculate i 22 In the diagram, PQ and OR are
i*'09 arcs of circle with centres O and P
(a) the perimeter, in cm, of the ; respectively.
whole diagram,
(b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded
regions.
20 In the diagram, OPST is a
gl*
:g*
quadrant of a circle with centre O
and QR is an arc of another circle
with centre O. OPQ and OSR are
straight lines.
It is given that LPOQ = 120"
and LOPR = 36o.
))
U s i n g n =*. c a l c u l a t e
-t
(a) the perimeter of the sector
OPQ,
(b) the area of the shadedregion.
:- 23
(a) Cube Volume = length x width x height
=.( xl x 2
=43
Total surface area= 622

(b) Cuboid Volume = lengthx width x height

=.(.xwxh
Total surfacearea= 2((.w + !.h + hw)

(c) Cylindcr Volume = base area x heisht

= lEr2h
Area of curved surface = 2nrh
Total surface area= 2nrh + 2nr2
Base area = nr2 = 2nr(h + r\

(d) Cone
Volume= Jtbur. area)x height
3
I .,
=
tnr,n
Area of curved surface = firs
a
Total surface area = firs + nr2
= fir(J + ,')

(e) Pyramid . Volume = 1 ..

{(base area) x height
l, = Lren
I . Total surface area = area of base + areas of all the triansular faces

(0 Prism . Volume = baseareax height

=Ah
. Total surfacearea= 2(basearea)+ perimeterof basex height

(g) Sphere a
Volume= lnrt
J

a Total surface area= 4nr2

* 25
Chapter6 VolumeandSurfaceArea(FormsI 3)

f Example{ l#
The diagram shows a solid cone with base Solutian
radius 14 cm and height 18 cm. A cylinder with
base radius 7 cm and height B cm is taken out
of the solid.
Volume of the cone
+" H

i=il-:s

Volume of the remaining solid

Calculatethe volume of the remaining solid.

lu'""=fl
f Example 2 Iw
,06
1#
The diagram shows a composite solid The diagram shows a composite solid formed by
consisting of a pyramid and a right prism. joining a right prism and a half-cylinder at the
;4BQPis the uniform cross section of the prism. rectangular plane PQRS. Right-angled triangle
,4PQis the uniform cross section of the prism.

D
5 cm
A
"
8cm B
The diameter of the half-cylinder is 7 cm and
the volume of the composite solid is 567 cm3.
(a) Calculate the volume of the p1'ramid. t,
(b) Given that the volume of the composite solid U si ngn= #,cal cul ate
I

is 207.5 cm3, calculate the length of /P. (a) the volume of the half-cylinder,
(b) the length of ,4P.
Solution
(a) Volume of the pyramid Solution
(a) The volume of the half-cylinder

(b) Volume of the solid = 207.5

(b) Volume of the solid = 567
+Pri*i$.i.****.
35h= 207.5- 5O
42h= 567 -23I
,
n=-
157. 5 , 336
J5 n=
42
= 4.5
h= 8
:. AP * 45cfi1 .'. 4Pe-.&eu

1 lmportant workings that must be shown in the examination are indicated in shaded boxes.
2 Answers correct to 2 decimal places are acceptable.

::-26

.. ..*:
The diagram shows a solid
cylinder from which a cone AOB
has been removed. The cone and
the cylinder have the same height
of 12 cm and samebase diameter
of 14 cm.
aa
Using n = !1, calellate the
volume of the remaining solid.
The diagram shows a composite
solid formed by a cuboid and a
right pyramid. The height of the
pyramid is 7tm from the base
PQRS.
Calculate the total surface area of
the solid.
The diagram shows a solid
cylinder from which a cone has
been removed. The cylinder and
the cone have the same base
diameter of 10 cm, and same
height of 12 cm.
,r"rlw
Using n = 3.142, calculate the
total surface area of the remainins
solid.
Chepter0 VolumeandSurfaceArea(FormsI 3)
4 The diagram shows a pyramid The diagram shows a composite
with a squarebase. VD is solid consisting of a half-cylinder
perpendicular to the base ABCD. and a cuboid.
8cm
Using n =3.142, calculate
the total surface area of the solid.
The diagram shows a composite
A 6c m B
solid consisting of a half-cylinder
and a triangular prism.
Calculate the total surface area of
the pyramid.
The diagram shows a solid right
cylinder whose base diameter
and height are 10 cm and 15 cm
respectively.
Using rc = 3.142, calculate the
volume of the solid.
15 cm
The diagram shows a composite
solid consisting of two identical
right cones whose base diameter is
12 cm and.RS = 16 cm.
From the cylinder, a hemispherical
hole of basediameter6 cm is
carved out. Using n = 3.142,
calculate the volume of the
remaining solid.
6 The diagram shows a solid K-----6--------+
"1
prism whose cross section is a
Using rc = 3.142, calculatethe
trapezium. A cylindrical hole
total surface area of the solid.
of radius 2 cm is made in the
prism. 10 The diagram shows a composite
solid consisting of a triangular
6cm
prism and a half-cylinder of base
diameter l0 cm.
10c m
Using n = 3.142, calculatethe
volume of the remaining solid.
* 27
 ChapterE VolumeandSurfaceArea(FormsI - 3)

Using n = 3.142, calculate The diameter of the half-cylinder,

(a) the volume of the solid, A B =8 c m , A C =B C =5 c m a n d
(b) the ilrea of the curved surface. the height of the solid is 10 cm.
Using n = 3.142, calculatethe
11. The diagram shows a solid right 1 2 cm volume of the solid.
cone whose base diameter is
12 cm. From the cone, a smaller The diagram shows a solid right
cone (shaded) is removed. pyramid with a square base of side
l0 cm and heisht of 12 cm.
A

Calculate
(a) the height of the shadedpyramid,
(b) the volume of the remaining
solid.

l3 The diagram shows a composite

solid consisting of a half-cylinder
and a triangular base right prism.

aa 10cm
A B
Using n - #, calculate the

volume of the frustum. Calculate the total surface area of

the solid.
12 T\e diagram shows a solid right
-UE pyramiO with a square base of
side 18 cm and height of 12 cm.
From the pyramid, a smaller right
pyramid (shaded) with a square
base of side 6 cm is removed.

__*:.-, .:.-, l"-t:i

r: _ili-. .-- _,

SubjectiveOuesfions The diagram shows a composite The diagram shows a solid prism
(PAPER
2) solid consisting of a cuboid and a whose area of uniform cross
right pyramid. The height of the section is 30 cm2 and length
1 The diagram shows a solid vertex of the pyramid, K from the 5 cm. A cylindrical hole of base
cylinder of height 20 cm and base ABCD is 7 cm. diameter 2 cm and height 5 cm
is bored through the prism as
base diameter 14 cm. From the
shown.
cylinder, a cone (shaded) of height
l0 cm and base diameter 14 cm, is
removed.

7cm
3cm

aa
Using n = 33-, calalate the Calculate the total surface area of Using n = 3.142, calculate the
the solid. volume of the remaining solid.
volume of the remainins solid.

i*.
28

4 Diagram X is a cylindrical
-@ container completely filled with
water. The height and base
diameter of the container are
20 cm and 14 cm respectively.
Diagram Y is an empty rectangular
container measuring 20 cm long
and 15 cm wide.
20 cm
Y 13 cm.
Water from the cylinder is emptied
into the rectangular container.
aa
Using n - calculate the depth
f,
of water in the rectangular
container.
The diagram shows a solid
cylinder with- a hemispherical
hole removed from one circular
end. Both the cylinder and the
hemisphere have the same radius
of 7 cm. The cylinder is 20 cm
lons.
20 cm
it,;
Using n - *, calculate the total
I calculate
surlace area of the remaining
solid.
The diagram shows a solid
cuboid. A hole in the shape of a
hemisphere of radius 5 cm is dug
out from the cuboid.
20 cm
Using ru = 3.142, calculatethe
volume of the remaining solid
0kptcr 6 Volumeand SurfaceArea (Forms1 - 3)
The diagram shows a composite i10 The diagram shows a solid
solid consisting of a cone and a cylinder with a conical hole
hemisphere. Both the cone and removed from each circular end.
:
hemisphere have the same base The base radius and height of
a
diameter of l0 cm. each cone are 3 cm and 10 cm
; respectively.
:
;
i 20 cm
; A
I
I
I
10 c m
i
I
: I
;
Using n = 3.142, calculate the
The slant height of the cone is
volume of the remaining solid.
(a) Calculate the height of the
cone. :ll The diagram shows a solid
(b) Using n = 3.142, calculate the cylinder with a hemispherical
volume of the solid. hole removed from one circular
end. Both the cylinder anc
!8 The diagram shows a composite hemisphere have the same
solid consisting of a prism and a diameter of l0 cm.
half-cylinder. The area of uniform
cross section of the prism PQRS is P
4O cm2.
*!
o
rcm R
))
Using ru - *, calculate the
I
length of the cylinder, r cm, if the
volume of the remaining solid is
Given that P.S= 5 cm, 288 - cm3-
2l
RZ = 10 cm and using n = 3.142,
(a) the area of its curved surface, '. It
The diagram shows a solid cube
ft) the volume of the solid. with a part in the shape of a half-
cylinder removed from its upper
i9 The diagram shows a composite surface.
solid consisting of a cuboid and a
: half-cylinder.
::
::
8 cm 10 cm
A
Usingn = 3.142,calculate Using rc= 3.142,calculatethe
(a) the areaof its curvedsurface, total surfaceareaof the remainins
(b) the volumeof the solid. solid.
=-29
 frapter 6 Area (FormsI
Volumeand Su-rface
13 The diagram shows a composite
solid consisting of a cuboid and
a prism. Trapezium PQUT is the
uniform cross section of the
orism.
P 1 2cm o the same volume, calculate the
Given that PT = QU, calculate
(a) the perpendicular distance
fromT to PQ,
(b) the volume of the solid.
t4 The diagram shows a composite
solid consisting of a right prism and
a half-cylinder of radius 4 cm.
A 10 cm B Given that P@ = 7 cm, QR = 12 cm,
Given that IACB = 90" and using
n = 3.142, calculate the volume of
the solid.
15 The diagram shows the net of a
@ rigtrt pyramid with a square base
of side 6 cm.
:-- -T
5 cm
Calculate
(a) the total surface area of the
pyramid,
(b) the height of the pyramid,
(c) the volume of the pyramid.
3)
16 The diagram shows a solid prism 19 The diagram shows a composite
and a solid cone with base radius rusolid made up of a cone and a
'18
20 cm. cylinder. The base radii of the
cone and cylinder are 14 cm and
.^ ['7\n
1 0 cm 7 cm respectively.
'u"y,,)--/)/ \
#,//
8 c m l. , ' \ /
\
r/1 \,/ k_20 cm____,
12c m
Given that the two solids have
height of the cone.
[Use n = 3.142]
The height of the cylinder rs
10 cm and the volume of the
l7 The diagram shows a composite compositesolid is 4004 cmi.
ST
T3
solid formed by a half-cylinder Calculate the height of the cone.
and a right pyramid. )1
[Usen = -1
I
20 The diagram shows a composite
gT solid consistingof a right prism
'06 and a right pyramid which
are joined at the plane PQRS.
Trapezium ABQP is the uniform
cross section of the prism.
the height of the pyrarnid = 10 cm
)')
and using n = A, calculate the
volume. in cm3. of the solid.
18 The diagram shows a composite
# solid formed by joining a cone
and a cylinder. The diameter of
A
the cylinder and the base diameter
of the cone are both 14 cm. The
volume of the solid is 1078 cm3.
7 cm.
(a) Calculate the volume of the
right pyramid.
(b) Given that the volume of the
composite solid is 274 cm3,
calculate the length of AP.
2l The diagram shows a composite
SI
'07
solid consisting of a cylinder and
aa a right prism. Trapeztum ABQP
Using rc = 1- , calculate the is the uniform cross section of the
height, in cni, of the cone. prism.
.- 30
 Ctbi*qt ' Volume Area(Forms
andSurface 1- 3)

It is given that PQ - QR = 6 cm.
The diameter of the cylinder, of
height 4 cm is 3 cm.
The diameter of the half-cylinder diameter of the cylinder are 8 cm
is 7 cm and the volume of the and 7 cm respectively
compositesolid is 189 cm3.
.,.
Usingn=t,calcrlate
(a) the volume of the half-
cylinder,
(b) the length of PQ.

10 cm
23 The diagram shows a solid cone.
u
r$
A solid hemisphere is taken out
from the cone.
12cm
aa
=",
aa Using n = s6lgu1.L dr.
Using n = *, calcrilate the
: volume, in cm3,of the remaining
volume of the solid. solid.

t) 1r< The diagram shows a composite

The diagram shows a composite
H
,s
solid consistingof a right prism
and a half-cylinder. Right-angled
triangle PQR is the uniform cross
ffi : SfU solid consistingof a right prism
:-
i ait and a cuboid. PQRS is the uniform
cross section of the prism.
section of the prism. The radius of the cone is 7 cm
P
and its height is 9 cm. The radius
of the hemisphere is 3.5 cm.
4cm aa
=3,
Using n = salculate the
I

volume, in cmr, of the remaining

i
solid.
;
.A The diagram shows the remaining
igI solid after a cylinder is removed
Calculate the volume, in cm3, of
i 'ts from a cuboid. The heieht and
the composite solid.

_*31
 '."..'
is"
'.,,8

STATISTICSI & II

ilotes
The bar chart shows the number of cars
sold by a company in three particular
40 months.
Bus
Car 50 4 A pie chart representsrelative quantities by
Motorcycle 20 size of sectors of a circle.
On foot 10
freouencvof data
Angleof^ sector= X 360"
The number of pupils using each mode of
transport to school is called its frequency. The
table which gives the frequency of each mode -ffi
of transport used is called a frequency table.

Jan 6 ,a 6 6
Feb 6" 4
Mar 6,4 6
,$ ."pr"r"nts 20 houses
For example, from the frequency table in
In a pictogram, symbols or pictures are used
(1), the angle of the sector representingthe
to representthe frequency of each category.
number of pupils who go to school by bus
For example, in the above pictogram,
40 x 360"
(a) number of houses sold in January
= 4X 20= 80 40+ 50+ 20+ 10
(b) total number of houses sold in the three = l20o
m ont hs = 9x 20
= 180 Averages
(a) Mode of a set of data is the value or item
In a bar chart, a bar is constructedto represent with the highest frequency.
each category, with the length or height of the (b) Median is the middle measurementof a
bar proportional to the frequency it represents. set of data arrangedin numerical order.
(c) Mean of a set of data
!

8ao sum of values of data

q
6An
number of data items
o --

:4 0
o
E4v
l
Zl

r-.-
32
 Chaptar7 Srarisricsl&ll(Formsl
-3)

rffiiH
The pictogram below shows the sale A7 c42
of cars in a particular week. The number B 28 D56
of 'Gen-2' cars sold is not shown.
Solution
ryq @@oo@ ,25To------->
' n \ r oo*
+S\
/ "n
@oss -ro
(Total sales)
6,

Number of @ representing sale of ,Gen-2,

= 16-5-4
S ."p."tents 6 cars
Given that the sale of 'satria cars make up 25Vo Number of 'Gen-2' sold
of the total sales for that week, calculate the
number of 'Gen-2' cars sold. ,**wer: C

rffi]#
Diagram (a) is a bar chart showing the number
of tourists from three countries p, e and ft.
Diagram (b) is a pie chart showing the number
oftourists accordingto gender.

Diagram(b)
q
Calculate the value of x.
A 145 c 162
B 1s0 D 198
3
E
z Solution
Number of men = g0
Number of women = ll0
Angle of sector representing men
ffiwomen qn
=fr x360' =162o
Diagram(a)

. . , Answer: C
..;:.,

'rffiffit**lw'
The diagram shows a set of six integers. Solution
6, 6,9, x, x,6
6, 6, 9, x ,x ,6 Given that the mode is 6 and the median is 7.
For the data, the mode is 6 and the median is Z. thusx = B.
Two more integers l l and 12 are added to the set.
Calculate the mean for the eight integers. Sum ofvalues ofdata
Mean =
A 7.88 Number of data items
B B.OO 6+ 6+ 6+ B + B + 9+ II+ 12
c B.zs
D 1 1 .0 0 = 66 6,6,6,8,8,9
8 ?
= 8.25 u"Ii"n=6*8,
Awwer:C
uou"=i7

:*r,
33
 ChrptirT I -3)
Statisticsl&ll(Forms

ffiir'
The pie chart represents the : A 600 The difference between the
distribution of grades A, B, C and : B 80' number of Police Cadets and St.
D obtained by a group of pupils. , c 100" John members is
D 120' A30
840
4 A groupof 30 pupils entered c50
-@ a competition.Their scoresare D60
given in the table.
7 The incomplete bar chart
illustrates the number of glasses
of four different tYPes of drinks
sold by a stall on a particular daY.
Given that 20 pupils obtained
grade A, calculate the number of
Find the valueofy.
pupils who obtained grade C.
A7
820
450 @
860
c24 c
.E
D28
c70 E
o
D80 o
5 The bar chartillustratesthe
2 A group of pupils entered a numberof pupilsfrom eachclass
@ competition. Their scores are who took part in a work-camP.
given in the table below.
Numberof glasses

A total of 240 glasseswere sold

on that day. Find the angle of
sector which represents 'Tea' in a
If the modal score is 3, find the pie chart.
maximum value for x. A 45"
A3 Class B 600
B4 ABCD
c 105"
c7 Given that 30 pupils were ftom D 150'
D8 class A and each pupil paid RM8
for the work-camp, how much was 8 The frequency table shows the
Thepictogram thenumber
represents
collected from all the pupils? -gp. distribution of scores obtained by a
of books borrowed from a school
A RMSOO group of pupils in a game.
library in five particular days.
B RM864
c RM896
D RM96O

The pie chart representsthe If the median mark is 2, what is

number of members in each of the the maximum value of r?
three uniformed organisations in a A2
school. There are 120 scouts. B3
C4
D5

represents 50 books
4J Pupils from four schools, P, Q, R
To represent the information in a and ,Stook part in a community
pie chart, the angle of sector for project. The incomPlete bar chart
the number of books borrowed on shows the number of pupils from
Friday would be each school.

:- 34
 C@.tr 7 Statisr-icsI&ll(FormsI -3)

Calculate the mean score of the

group.
o
A 2.5
o B 2.64
E c 2.89
f
z D 45.45

If the angle of sector in a pie chart 13 Eachworkerin a groupof 120

representing the number of pupils was askedto choosea handphone,
Given that tearn Q scored 30
from school Q is 48', frnd the a televisionsetor a DVD player
points and team P scored three
number of pupils from school Q. as a present.Theirchoicesare
times more than team S, calculate
A2 represented on a pie chartbelow.
the number of points scored by
B 10
teamP.
c15
A 45 c75
D20
850 D 150
l0 Each tourist in a group was asked
to choose a travelling bag which L6 The table shows the frequency
comes in three different colours, -91 distribution of scores obtained
red, blue and yellow. Their Handphones by a group of studentsin a quiz.
choices are representedon the pie If this information is represented
chart below. on a pie chart, the angle of sector
Calculate the number of workers for the score 4 is 60".
who chose handphones.
425
B s0
c80
D 150 Find the number of students who
scored less than 2 points.
t4 The incomplete bar chart below A8 c21
shows the number of students in B 12 D31
If 18 tourists chose yellow bags, three groups, P, Q and R.
find the number of tourists who L7 The incomplete bar chart below
chose red bags. shows the number of CDs (compact
A 33 discs) sold by four shops, P, Q, R
B 36 and S on a certain day.
c72
on
D 108
o
11 The table shows the scoresobtained b60
by a group of pupils in a quiz.
€so
2 3 4 5 z
Shop

5 J 6 2
The following pie chart represents
the sales of the four shops.
Find the median score.
A3 GroupQ has 35 studentsand
B 3.5 the total numberof boys in all
C4 the three groupsis 40. Find the
D5 numberof girls in group Q.
A3
T2 The frequencydistributiontable Bt5
showsthe scoresof a groupof c20
contestants
in a game. D30
Find the number of CDs sold by
15 Fourteams,P, Q, R andS took part shopQ.
in a game.The pie chartshowsthe A5 c60
distributionof their scores. 850 D75

* 35
 Cb.pterT Statisticsl&ll(Forms
I -3)

A2 Find the total number of Waja

Multiple-choiceQuestions and Gen-2 cars sold bY the
(PAPER1) B3
C5 dealer.
D6 A16
I The incomplete pictogram shows
845
lfl the sales of three models of 4 The incompletetableshowsthe c55
'€ motorcvclesin a certain month.
gl resultsof two groupsof students D80
'04 in a test.

6 The table shows the frequencY

&&&&& HT distribution of scores of a group of
t6 students in a game.

fu ..pr"r"nts8 motorcycles
Given that the number of 'Kriss'
sold represents20Voof the total
number of motorcycles sold, find
the number of 'Jaguh' sold. The medianscoreof the distribution
A7 C28 The pie chart below shows the is
815D5 6 combined results of these two A 2.5
groups of students. B3
) The pie chart shows the number of c 3.5
students in five different forms in D4
*T
ru. a school. The school has a total of
1440 students and the number of 7 The diagramis an incomPlete
Form 4 studentsis 240.
fl pictogramshowingthe numberof
four months.
{f; cellphonessold in

Calculatethe numberof students

in the TekungrouP.
A 220
B 280
c 300
D 320

Find the ratio of the numberof 5 The incomPlete Pictogram shows

Form 4 studentsto the numberof lfif ttre number of national cars sold
Form 2 students. lg" by u car dealer in a certain month.
A 2: l C 3;4 The ratio of the sale of SavvY to
B 2: 3 D 4:5 that of Gen-2 is 2 : 3. 50 cellphones
!l represents
3 The bar chart shows the scores of
A total of 2000 cellphones
It,0c a group of studentsin a test. @@@@@
were sold in the four months.
:: j . @ The number of cellPhonessold
@
in November was three times
l @ @@&@ the number of cellPhones sold
q

o s@ in December. Calculate the

number of cellphones sold in
o
E November.
z A 325
B 433
c 975
State the modal score. $ 5 cars
represents D 1050

.]i-
36
 CheperT Srarislicsl&ll(Forms
I -3)

8 The diagram shows a set of six 13 The incomplete bar chart shows

# intesers. gI the number of glassesof drinks

@ sold by a stall on a certain day.
@ 4, 4, 7, x , x , 4 The sale of tea is I I of the sale
+
o of coffee.
E
The mode for the data is 4 and the l
z
median is 5. Two more integers,
5 and 8 are added to the set.
Calculate the mean for the eight
integers. C)
q

A 4.40 The salesin April is 2OVoof the E,

B 5.25 total salesfor the four months.
c 5.50 How many carswere sold in d
E
D 7.33 April? z
A48
9 The bar chart shows the number 860
c75 Milk Tea Coffee Juice
St of teachers in three schools, P. Q
w and R. D80
If a pie chart is drawn to represent
all the given information, find the
11 The diagramis a bar chart angle of the sector representing
fl showingthe numberof vehicles the number of glassesof tea sold
e
o ff summonedfor variousoffencesin by the stall.
a week.
o
o A 'u+.
o
q
B 60'
-!P
E = c70
z D 105.
o
E 14 The bar chart showsthe number
2
Typeof fl of motorcyclessold from May to
's Aueust2012.
vehicle

The information in the bar chart A pie chart is drawn to represent

is represented on the pie chart as the given information. Calculate
shown below. the difference of the sector angle q

E
which representsbus and car.
I
c
A 13-i-o
3 E

B 20" c)
c 480 E
f
D 240. z

t2 The table shows the sales of four

models of the national cars.
H The total number of motorcycles
Find the value ofx. sold in the four months is 207o
Saga WajaWira Gen-2
A 100 less than the total sold from
B 120 I 28 t6 25 January to April. If a salesman
c 1s0 receives RM200 commission for
Given that the mode of the models each motorcycle sold, calculate his
D 2tO
is Waja, state the maximum value total commission for January to
of .r. April.
10 The bar chart shows the sales A26 A RM9OOO
fl of cars in four certain months. B27 B RMl4 400
w The sales in April is not
c28 c RMIT 600
shown. D29 D RM18 000

{- 37
 Cftrptcr ? StatisticsI & II (Forms1 - 3)

15 The diasram shows a set of data. 17 The incomplete pictogram shows 18 The pie chart shows the
** gI th. nu.mber.ofwatermelonssold S expenditwe of a family for a
'1 0 5 8 4 3 '09 over tnree oays. 12 certain month.
7 A
6 ?

4 J 5 4
|w 1 : Loan
repaymenrc
Find the modeof the data
A3
B4
.-.*t*. @@@€€€
':
C5
D8
.
l6 The frequencytableshowsthe ""*
s$scoreobtainedby 36 contestants
'11
@ represents 15 watermelons The expenditure on education
in a game. .2
ls ot me exPen0ltureon
The sales of watermelons on 5
5 10 l5 20 25 Friday, Saturday and Sunday are loan repayments. If the family
A 6 12 l 0 in the ratio | : 3 : 4. Find the total saved RM200 that month, find
number of watermelons sold over the amount, in RM, spent on
Determinethe modeof the score. the three days. education.
A4 A 120 A 400
B1 2 B 160 B 480
c1 5 c 240 c 600
D2 0 D 320 D 960

msi:llr::*:*:iffis:ff
Sharpen |our Skitls 7 SPM Practice iec l0B ll C 12B
IC 2C 3D 4 D Multiple-choice Questions(Paper 1) !tgo 14D l5 B 16D
.17 C r8B
5B 6A 7C I B 1D 2C 3A 4B :
9B IOA llB t2 5D 6C 7C 8C :
13B 14 B l5A l6 C
t7D

:* 38
 poIYGoNs

lfotes
A polygon is a plane figure bounded by A regular polygon is a polygon with all
three or more straight lines. sides of the same length and all interior
angles of the same size.

For a regular polygon with n sides:

(a) Size of each interior angle

Triangle J (3-2) x 180.

= 180"
180"
Quadrilateral (4-2) x 180.
= 360"
180"
Pentagon 5 (5-2) x 180"
(b) Size of each exterior angle =
= 540o
)+ 180' (c) Number of sides,n
Hexagon 6 (6-2) x 180"
= 720"
-)+ 180"
Heptagon 7 (t-2)x180"
= 900o 5 Properties of a parallelogram:
180'
Octagon 8 (8-2) x 180"
= 1080'
T 180'
Nonagon 9 (9-2) x 180'
= 1260"
180'
Decagon l0 (10-2) x
180'=1440'
(a) Opposite sides are equal and parallel.
(b) Opposite angles are equal.

Propertiesof a rhombus:

(a) The sum of exterior angles of a polygon

= 360o
a+ b+ c + d+ e + f= 3 6 0
(a) Atl sides are equal in length.
(b) Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180" (b) Diagonals bisect each other at right
a+ x = 1 8 0 angles.

:* 39
CIBS*E Polygons(Formsl-3)

rffi]# rffiiH
In the diagram, EFGHJKIM is a regular octagon In the diagram,
and LNINP is a straight line. PQRSI is a regular
pentagonandSUZPis R
PN
a parallelogram. SIU
is a straight line.
Find the value of x.
472
B r08
c t44
Find the value of x. D 164
495
Solution
B 105
Each interior angle ofa regular .R .u.
c 1 15
pentagon ,,' \\,
D T25
_ (5-2) x rgo'=/@) \ \ p'*.
Solution 5 \__L__J \___y]..
= 108o --P
Each exterior angle of a regular octagon =
=$ry
LPSr APSI is an
isosceles triangle.

:. LNME = 45" = 36o

x+ 45o= 150'
x = 150' - 45 '
= 105'
ry E
E deriorgnglE= 8um ot
.' . r+ 36o = 180"
x = 180'- 36o
= l44o
inre{,ryeF0egtq€trgbs
,atnsy,y:C
:;

In the diagram, PQRSis a parallelogram and In the diagram, PQRSis a rhombus.

RSI is a straight line.

Find the value of y.

Find the value of x + y. 418 c 54
A 225 c 275 836 D 72
B 235 D 325
Solutian
Solutian 5.r = 900
2f = 130" Opposite angles of a
.- 90o
parallelogramare equal.
;f, = 65' 5
= l 8o
In hexagon PSTUWV,
/ + 50' + 40o+ 300' + 9 0 ' + 8 0 ' = 7 2 0 ' 2x = 2x lB" Diagonals of a rhombus
= 36o bisect each other at right
f =72O"-560" angles.
LPST= 180"- 130' V = 180'-90' -2f
/ = 160" = 50. = 180'- 90'- 36"+r
:,f+1 f = 65' + 160" RetlexITUV = 360' - 60" = 54o
=225n 300' lSum of angl€sin a I
- anglesof a
Sumol interior [tdangil€= 18o' ]
h€xagon= inoo Answer:C \-----:--------'
Ansuter: h

il
40
 Ch.ptFg Polygons(Formsl-3)

*r.,rl',,:i,:}-:
In the diagram, DEFG is a 8 In the diagram, PQRSTU is
rhombus. CDG and AGF are a regular hexagon and
straight lines. EFGHU is a regular pentagon.

LfuIN and N?S are straight lines.

Find the value of
(a) x, (b) y.
Given that ZGNR = 90', find the
In the diagram, T, U, Q, R and S value of
Find the value of are five successivevertices of a (a) x,
(a) x, regular polygon. (b) y,
(b) y. (c) z.

In the diagram, PQRS is a square, In the diagram, PQRST is a

URS is an equilateral triangle and pentagon.
PIR is a straightline. R

P
(a) How many sides does the
polygon have?
(b) Find the value of y.
Find the value of -r + y.
In the diagram, PTS, QRS, QUT
l0 In the diagram, PQRSTis a
and PUR are straight lines.
regular pentagon and RTU is
Find the value of P
a straieht line.
(a) x,
(b) y,
(c) z.

In the diagram, PQRST is a oPS

regular pentagon. PQU andTSV
are straight lines.
V (a) x,
PQR is an equilateral triangle and
PR = PT. Find the value of
\c) z'
(b) y, Find the value of
(a) .r, (b) y.
In the diagram, PQRS is a
rhombus and QPT is an equilateral l 1 In the diagram, QRTU is a
parallelogram, QU = PU and PUT
triangle.
is a straight line.

Find the value of

\a) x,
(b) y.

In the diagram, KLMWV is a

regular pentagon and PQRSTUWV Find the value of
is a regular octagon. (a) -r, (b) y.

4l
-
 Chftar8 Polygons(Forms
1-3)

Find the value of :1 5 In the diagram, BCDEF rs a i 18 In the diagram, PQTV is a

(a) r, regular pentagon.A, B, F and G i
rhombus and WQR is a straight
(b) y, are four successivevertices of
: line.
(c) z. a regular polygon and CFG is a
straieht line.
12 In the diagram, ABGEF is a
regular pentagon, GD = GE and
ABC is a straight line.

Find the value of

(a) r,
Find
(b) y,
(a) the value ofx,
(c) z.
(b) the number of sides the
Find the value of regular polygon has.
\a) x, t9 In the diagram, PQRS is a
(b) y. parallelogram. PUS and TUV are
;1 6 In the diagram, PQR is an
equilateral triangle and PRIU is straight lines.
13 In the diagram, A, B, C, D, E and
a rhombus. PRS is a straight line
F are six successivevertices of a T
and QR = RS.
regular polygon. DC is parallel to
WFA. /,;\

1oo'\ x:

2'
(a) How many sides does the Given that PU = TU, find the
Find the value of
polygon have? value of
\a) x,
(b) Find the value of p. (b) y, \a) x,
(c) Find the value of q. (b) y,
\c) z.
(c) z.

t4 In the diagram, PQR, PUS and :1 7 In the diagram, PQRST is a

QUT are straight lines. regular pentagon and TUWWY is 20 In the diagram, ABCDEFGH is
a regular hexagon. a regular octagon. KBC and JHG
are straight lines.

VPW
Given that TS = TU, find the value a

of Find the value of

\a) x, (a) d, Find the value of
(b) y, (b) e, (a.) -r,
\c) z. (c) f. (b) y.

.i-
42
 [haptGfI (Forms
Polygons 1- 3)

2l In the diagram, BCDEK and ,,) In the diagram, ABCDEF is a :)a In the diagram, PQRST is a
EFGHJK are two regular regular hexagon. BA, DE and,HG regular pentagon. S, T, U, V and,
polygons. ABC and AHG are are parallel lines. Z are fle successiveverticesof a
straieht lines. regular polygon.

A
AEH andCDH arestraightlines.
Find the valueof Find the valueof SPI4zand WW are straight lines.
(a) x, \a) x, Find the value of
(b) y, (b) y, (a) x,
(c) z. \c) z. (b) y.

-!

Multiple-choiceQuestions In the diagram, ABCDE is a :5 In the diagram, P, Q, R, S and U

(PAPER1) regular pentagon and BCJHGF is : are five successivevertices of a
a regular hexagon. :: regular octagon.
L In the diagram, PpRSZ is a
: RJZ and PUT are straight lines.
regular pentagon. PQU wrd TSV
are straieht lines.
v :
./r"l-4
!

s,/ I
,4. I
r( )nl Findthe valueofx.
A3 6 Find the valueof z.
B3 8 A 12.5 C 22.5
P QU
c42 B r7.5 D 25
Find the value ofy. D48
A48 t6 In the diagram, PQRSTU is a
B50 In the diagram,PQRSTis a regular hexagonand PRW is a
c56 regularpentagonandM is the straight line.
D64 midpointof ST.
P
In the diagram, PQRSTU is a
regular hexagon. QRW and QSV
are straight lines.
QB W

Find the valueofy Find the valueofx.

A 120 A 28
Find the value of .r + y. B 128 830
A 146 C r70 c 130 c32
B 160 D 180 D 132 D 35

43
-*
 ChrS.rt Polygons(Forms
I -3)

In the diagram, PQRST is a ll In the diagram,STUVis a 15 The diagram shows a regular

regular pentagon. PQUV and SRU rhombus.RSTandPW ue $l pentagon and a regular octagon.
are straisht lines. straightlines. '@ MOR and MZY are straisht lines.

Find the value ofx. RST

A 4t C54 Find the value ofx + y.
B 45D59 A 2t0 c 230
B 225 D 355
In the diagram, PPRS is a
Find the value of n.
rhombus and PT = PQ. 12 In the diagram, PQR is an
A 106 C 126
equilateral triangle. PIS and QRS
B 116 D 136
are straight lines.
P
:16 In the diagram, PQRST is a
regular pentagon.
: M is the midpoint of ST.
;
Find the value of y.
Given that PR = PT, find the
A3 5 c45 value of -r + y.
840 D50 A80 Cr20
In the diagram, P, Q, R, S and Z are B 100 D 140
five successivevertices of a regular 13 In the diagram, PQRS is a rhombus.
polygon. RSU is a straight line. RS
QST and QPV arc straight lines.
Find the value of y - x.
A 24 c32
B 30 D36
i
i 17 The diagramshowsa regular
, $f hexagonPQRSTU.TUV andTPW
'to straightlines.
i
Find the value of y.
-"
A 36 C54 n
848D72 Find the value ofy - x.
A20 C70
l0 In the diagram, PPRS is
860 D80
a rhombus and QUVS \s a
parallelogram. t4 In the diagram, PQRSTU is a VUT
regular hexagon and PQGHK is a Find the value ofx.

t{,x
regular pentagon. A3s C55
rs 845D75

V
L8 In the diagram, PQRSTU is a
regular hexagon and TUV is a
straight line.

Find the value ofx + v. Find the valueofy.

A7 0 c90 A2 4 C 48
880 D 100 846 D 56

* 44
 ChaptcrI Polygons(Formsl
-3)

Find the valueof .x- y. 26 In the diagram,PQR,PWV and

A1 5 lS urs are srraiehrlines.
820 '03

c2s
D35

1.9 In the diagram, PQR wrd TUV ue

g1 straight lines.

i Find the value of m + n.

: Al95 c 243
: 8234 D 279
i 23 The diagram shows an irregular Given that WP = WQ, find the
value ofy - x.
i $ nolreon. A 130 c 170
B 150 D 180

27 ln the diagram, PQRSZ is a

sJ regular pentagon. VPQ and,VIJR
Find the value ofx + y. *
are straisht lines.
A 100 c 120
B 110 D 130
s

20 In the diagram,PpRSI is a
regularpentagonandRZU is a i find the value ofx + y.
straightline. A 120 c 260
B 130 D 390
: VPO
i 24 The diagram shows a regular
j ff hexagon PQRSTU with centre O. Find the value ofx + y.
i. 'tz A46 C56
QPV and SUV are straight lines.
: B 52 D 66

28 In the diagram, PQR is parallel

RS

Find the value ofx + y.

A68 c78
B76 D90
2l In the diagram, P, Q, R, S and Z
Find the value ofx + y.
are five successivevertices of a
A 120 c 140 Find the value ofx + y.
regular polygon.
B 130 D 150 A 190 c 245
, 25 ln the diagram, PQRSTU is a
B 225 D 255

x", , S! regular hexagon. WPQ and VUP 29 In the diagram, PQRS is a

i 33 are straisht lines. H rhombus.
:- ,85

QR

Find the value of .r.

A95 cu5
B 105 D 150
(,,
)) The diagram shows a regular Find the value of .r + y. Find the value ofy.
pentagon and a regular octagon. A66 c76 A 18 c54
MQR and MZY are straight lines. 812 D 114 836 D72

45
-
r'Chttsa8 Polygons(Formsl-3)

30 In the diagram, PQRST is a Find the valueofx + y.

fil regular pentagon and PRUV is a A 195
w parallelogram. B 205
c 215
D 250

Find the valueof x. :33 In the diagram,PQRSTis a

A85 ;sI regularpentagonandPU = PV.
j 'o8
895
c 105
D 115
Find the value of x.
A tt4 32 ln the diagram,PQRSis a
B 128 S parallelogram andRSIis a
c 140 "7
straightline.
D 148

3l In the diagram, PQRSTUWV is a Find the valueof .x

SI regular octagon and MNPQ is a A 39
'tr straight line. 870
c7r
D 73

* 46
 lfinrcEs

r* of Indices
f(otcs

Note: a, b, m and n representpositive integers.

e- x a' = am+n (5')'= 5u

(J-z)+= 3-s
I
a^ +en=a m - n
Qz=\ff =3
2
8T=
a-" = J- --a
I
tl
a" J-
1
la \ --lb \ "
l -l - l -l
l4\- , _le\,
l -l - l -l

52 = ---i- \bt \aJ \9/ \41

-- lr
i4
- _3_
2

f Example 2 !#
Simpliff (x6rr\! x x-'t. , o,-rL,
A xty
Simpritu\tr)
B x-'y-'
cfy
A 3 a x 7 '5 c 36x7a
D fy'
B 3sx7-5 D 36 x 7-5
Solution
Solutian
(xy9*r.'y^--@ / 9'x z* 1'
\ \ 2 r, )
- x2y 3 x x-3y4
=y2+(-3)xy-z+t *-@ -/e6x7'\
\ 216 / ----l@-)
(__gjj___J
=(l_')u1.1'
= x' !

(3 x 7)6
*_1@
\----
Answer: A
=- 3t2 x 71
36x76
= 3,2- 6,.7,-. u *l
{T
= 39x7-s

AnswetD

,*'47
{hf,t€tr0 Indices(Formsl-3)

1$l',':...:,,',f..1..,'.:-::+.,,,i:i.-l:'+:
txample 3 # f Example4
1
ms x (9n2)2 Giventhat u'= thevalueof x.
srmpury ft,find
(m3ne1z c2
A -1
.
A
3m2 t1 9m2 3
n n I
3ma 9*n B _:_ D2
-|' D 2
n n
Solutian
Solutian
I 25
ms x (9n2)2 5*
---.1

(m'nu)',
m5 xgz nt
=-t-*rrt-49!::9 /-- - .-------- J"- = J-

.'.3x=2
= m'x3n4 2
mn' t!-ji:ij 3
= JT ns -tn\-z
= 3mafrr Answer:Q
3*o
=
n
Answer:B

3
(a) Find the value of 2-2+ 16T. (a) Find the valueot A f . (a) Find the value of (-27)a .
(b) Simplify 1e3f13x e efs. + (e-5h1).
(b) Simplify (eh3)2 (b) Simplify (3x3y)2+ fy.t.
3
(a) Given that 26 + 2^ = 2, a.
(a) Find the valueof 1S'fi. t6 (a) Find the value of 8l
find the value of m.
(b) Given that 3r x 9 = 3', find (b) Simplify (.r 'y2)3x (r6y). (b) Simplify eh3+ (e3h2)3.
the value of n. _2

10 (a) Findthe valueor l7 (a) Find the value of 27 3.

(a) Simplify 8y2+ (4y)2. "' \+/
/a)-'.
2 (b) Simplify (2m2n)3xm2n2.
(b) Find the value of 3t x 273. (b) Simplify (m'p')o * (m-'pu). I

4l (a) Find the value of 812 x 3-2.

Simplify the following. 3 + '73
tl (a) Find the value of 7 . (b) Simplifv (5mnt\2 x L.n'.
(a) mo x ms x 3m-a -5
/ !\4
(b) (ef)a + (esf)
( b) Sim plif y n* 'x \ n *' ) .
(a) Find the value of (72)5+ 78.
/qii
(a) Find the value of I -i= |
I t2 (a) Find the value of (3'z)a+ (35). \16/
(b) Simplify m-t x (mn)i . /3a\+ (b) Simplify (2ry2)3+ 4x3y.
4 (b) Simplify \zs*' x *' )' . 2

(a) Find the value of 83 x 2-'.

(a) Findthevalueor /a)t.
| / | l\3 13 (a) Find the value of 3 +- 3r. \ 8i
(b) Simp lify 2' x\2' x 3' ) . / m-3n\2
'" 1 x 2 m t n .
t bt Sim olif v 1" " (b) Simplify (3x'y')' * 3x-5y.
"\2 1
Simplify the following.
(a) 3 x 3-'z 3 2l (a) Find the value of
3 / r\2 14 (a) Findthevalueof 492. / 1 l\3 1

g ' x\z') / -Lr\r / r\ \ 3 ' x 2 ') 1 2 ' .

(o)
--
.3 (b ) S i mp l i fy\^' n' ) x\m' n). (b) Simpfify (ezh)-tx 2eh.

!-
48
 Stnp&ri* . Indices(Forms
1 -3)

3
(a) Given that 2" x 8 = 2 t, find 24 (a) Find the value of 5-1x 252. (a) Find the valueot 6+-1.
the value of n. (b) Simplify (fg')' *fg'. (b) Simplify (eh2)3
+ 2s-3lrz.
I

(b) Given that 92 x 3^ = (27)^, / | \:3 25

25 (a) Findthevalueof l-ll' x S.
find the value of rn. \ e/ (a) Find the value of
\- r x 5- T
,
.
(b) Simplify (ef2)3+ 2e2fs. - _,
/ ll
(a) Find the value ot {21)'. 5'
\ 4l 26 (a) Find the value of (b) Simplify (3d2e)2x 4de-2.
I r\3
(b) Simplify (4pq2)a x 8pq. / L
5 ' x \5 ' x 3 ' ).
(b) Simplifyh2x2ho + h-3.

Multiple-choiceQuestions 7 3G;= 14 If3s+9"=l,thenn=

(PAPER1) H u r r.l 3 {,
TO A l :1 3 c45 A
\4 l 2
I 5
B-2D5
I (xo)'t {+)
/ r \-2
= B /r\+ D4T 2
\x'/ \41
Af I / 1\2
c 15 Simplify\4^-rn') x (mna)3.
x2 8 Given that 3' x 27 = 3a. find the
valueofx.
B x6 Ori
d^l 6m^16
----:- u
A-5 Cl nt mnlo
3 B-1 D5 -169
B-= D
2 Giventhat 8 5 = .lTi, nnOttre mnt mns
fl valueofmand,ofn. 9 Giventh"t f+)' x 32 =4,, find
'M 16 Find the value of
- A m=3, n= 5 \8/ I
the value of n.
B m=5, n= 3 Ql xZals + (2-3x3).
A -2 C I
C * = 5,r = i
I
.?)l
B -I D 2 _{
92
D * = 3 .n=! _l I a4
5 10 Find thevalueof 27 3 +( 9 x 5 - 1 2 . B
39
3 (2h3kr)3 \ hak-t = AI c I

A ghk-4 c gh"k 5 l8 17 Simplify (8m6na)t x (mn-t)2.

gh-2k-4
B 2hk-4 D B5
9
D
27
A 2man c4
t^. I
a ll.2-l-'= D4 nt
1 1 Simplifv e1f)T X xl,2= B 2man3
H' i \ 7 t , <1'

H r ( +\ ;
\J/
tzt,Z
l1 l5
\J/
# Axt Cfy' r
_=
t nr 2
B x3y D 3r'y 2y'
t t t!
B [ + f5 [ -J-1, :_= A Z(xy)' c @i'
\J/ \ 3/ 12 Find the value of (8 ,3-a13 = 27
3 2
B 2iy'
(man)3x (2m3n-r7z
- J.'-3
D ^t
A2n C 4n L2 C2 z
81
B 2 mn D 4mn 5-
8 19 Simplify mt \ \m
I B D4
(fg\o * (27fsa13 = 8l 3
4
1
/ | l\2 m
13 Findthe valueof 3 3 x \l'
I 5
A ^. s10 C x Z' ) .
3 Am Cm2
B 3ftgu
I A6 C 12
D -:f3olo
J B9 18 Bm Dms

* 49
,&rtstf S' Indices
(Forms
1- 3)

t i 1 8
i zl *'
can be written as
a). mb x (16n2')2 ""
20 Findthevalueof(8x56)3 + (23x5 t*"
i zr simptiry i il
""-'
Hr
w +25 c +2 i H',11+ (""m"_a n sy: i' o ' o i' c4 o xa
| Ams
c YRms
B zs D 25
o t . B 4m 2Dl6ms i ,
i"o + ii 5
"
1 ,, D 4 o xa
t. n n x m2ns.
/ I \t mrp, : 28 Simplify
'mn-i71ntz7-t1a
2l Simplify\3m'n'i >1-. , C msn-j
pu I $[ A ';;;'
SS i z+ simpmy (m2)3 ma. tr ; D mton3
o.- - ,
'o 3 A + :H l m C m5 i
p4 m2 D m10
:* u ,rgoru" ottuta= 5-2,fi ndthe
B ry , 36 ig' *v,1
a lu e o f x u f ; o rn .
p, i 2 5 _ G i u " n th a t6 = !l .6o4thevarue:
x= 5,n= 2
v 2
(- 7n i ffi "rt i t x=5',n=-2
p^ c+" i 9 x=2,n=5
,-* n-z ' D x = 2 , n = -5
D 2im n i-u I D i i
p 3:2 IrAr2r-r
i i30SimPtifY;T
/. \'
3 n'1:'-l
22 m' cutbewrirten
as , 26 simplify( . F# I r'v'
t. @ r) ' ) / : B *- ' Y'
ruA c r'"'.fi
' : ' ti , iH*
' s{ ,'6 A 32x 5- r c 3ox55 : c Py-t
B tl* ' D 5m3 ; n 32x 5- 5 D 3rox5r i D rty.

.- 50
 ALGEBRAICFONMUIAE

lfotes
The subject of a formula is a variable that is
expressedin terms of other variables.
For example,
(a) In the formula c = 2nr, c is the subject
of the formula, expressedin terms of
n and r.
(b) In the formula m = pm - r, m is not the
subject of the formula, as m is found on
both sides of the equation.
2 Changing the subject of a formula involves
the rearrangementof the formula so that a
different variable becomes the sub.iectof the
formula.

Solution
i'ffi1# -=/
3p
,ln-l
G i v e tnh a t m n+ n,express
z in 2( ^F- r ) = 3p@
r y=
terms of n.
lrr-t-=3 pt @
5n n
A l7l = --:---- _
Jn- /
c m = --=------=
Jn- /
5n n
B m = --=-:- D m= -=-----:-
I -3n t- Jn
Squarebothsides.
Solution
*.,*::(*.')'
7m -2 n
= m n+ n
3
7 m - 2n = 3(mn + n) <--l Crossmultiplication.
)
7 m-2n= 3m n +3 n
7m -3 mn =3n+ 2n { Exampte3 I
m (7 -3 n ) = 5n 3
5n Gi venthat -r= ' , expressr in terms of p.
m =--=--:- p4
/ - 5n t2
A6
Atxwer:B p 5p
6n 3r
Bi
V- 4
* Solution
Example 2 'Oit 3r- _
__r
p '- 4
rf -!- = 2, thenn = 3-pr _ r
ln-r
p4
A (* .')' c (*)' ., p r= 4 (3 -p D@
B (6 p -L )' D 36t'+I pr= 12-4pr Expand4(3 - pr).

51
-
 3)
CSepterl0 AJgebraicFormulae(Formsl

p r+4pr = 12
spr = 12
f Example 5 I#
r
Given that x = expressy in terms of x.
r=9 r-y ,
5p
A -y= --t-
Answer:C r+ x
B y= --x-
g - L-X
I Example 4 I I '6? c y= x-xY
t f t
Given that G = * -
i-#, expressrn in terms of G D 'y=
x
JJ
5. tt
and.FL
Solution
A m = 25G2H c *=# *=fi
B M= 5G 2H D *= # y=x(l-y) Cross multiDlication.
Solution
y=x-xY Expandx(l - D.
r ,i
'=sJ H
ai Cross multiplication.
iE= "t', 1 t- -
x
tr7 r- l+x
- (3uJ' Souare both sides.
E'

ft= zsc,
Answer:A

m=25GzH
Answar:h
,

n(2 - m) t2 Given that A = a(l + pt), express

Giventhatp = Z +f,.*p..r, 6 Given rhatm = ,express p as the subject of the formula.
qz q n -2
4 in termsof p. n in termsof m.
13 Given that pe = r -4,
kn q "*Pr".,
1r r + 7 7 Giventhatp + p in terms of q and r.
G ive nth at)* x= ;= ;,express
p in termsof k andm.
expressy in terms of x.
14 G i v e n t h a t ! - - 5 =2 m ,
r"'----7
- t =
r-;- 8 Given thut trt 4, express express ,? in terms of tz.
Given that f = l1:!-, express v
)) lo
x in terms of y.
p in termsof k. 15 Giventhat2n'l = T, express
.i I
!-, express g in terms of n, T and l.
9 Given that mp = 3 -
jL
Givenrhat + Z = a, .*p..r, z in terms of p. P ='
p3 1 6 G i v e n t h a t }r - ,
qq
r in termsof p.
L0 Given that rQt - 5) = p(5 - r), express r in terms of P and q.
expressp in terms of r.
\
Gi v ent hat2a- p= L.
= y, express-r
17 Giventhaty"9- *(x - 32),express
r' 11 Given that 318:3
expressp in termsof 4 and r. in terms of y. r as the subject of the formula.

il:
52
 |@ l0 AlgebraicFormulae(Forms
I -3)

L8 Given that 2m - n(3 + m) = n,

26 Given that R = P-m, express
34 Given that m - n(4 - 3m) * n,
express rn in terms of n. p expressm in termsof z.
p in terms of m and R.
f
19 Giventhat 5 - -t = 2f, express
o- 35 Giventhata =lt- ry a=,express
6
27 Given thata =!1!,
/in termsof g. c ""pr"r, 1^-'
a in terms of b and c. x in terms of d and y.

20 Giventhat a = a + 3, express 2-n

uw 28 Giventhatg - rnl7= 36 Given that m = -, €xpress
w in termsof a. +,express
t in terms of g. n ln terms oI m.

21 Given that t = __L, expressr n! 3

r+p 29 Civ en t hat m = ,express
in terms of p andk. 2n 37 Given that 3x - 4t = 2,
z in terms of m.
expressy in terms of r.
22 Giventhat ^! - | = k,express
2p 30 Given that + - 3 = m,express
n 38 Express y in terms of m in each of
p in termsof r.and ft.
rn in terms of z. the following.
l-M ( a ) m y - y =7
23 Given that P j* = 3. express
.l R 31 G iv ent hat i- e- j
d {.
express b ) Ly -*
ry
=z*
N in terms of P and R.
e in terms of d.

24 Giventrrat{ = a * 1, express o(l - m) 39 GiventhatL-n2-4m.

J uv 32 Given that m = "' 5
'exPress
r in termsof/and v. P+ | express z in terms of m.
z in terms of p.

25 Given that x = _+-, express 5.

33 Given that Hw = 4 + 4,express 40 Giventhat ^ -
y - 2' w m-5 2n'
y in terms of -r. FI in terms of lrl. express m in terms of n.

Multiple-choiceQuestions cs 4 lf :- = e - 3d, then d =

(PAPER1) l -3 m e
e2
I lf x(2y + m) - 3y, theny = D5 Ae2 c
3 m -l 4 3" -l
nrx
A Be2 D
e2
3 l +3 e l -3e
m)c
B If 2 x y = ' -4 ,th e nx=
3-b v If -r - 1= ry, thenr =
3mx v
C 4y
x-3
| -2v' AI
D 2x+m l -y'
J 4
B
* 5, l -2 y t BI
2 lf m =' t h. n , - y(y - 1)
3n 4y
C CI
A 2 y ' -l y(l + y)
2m
4
B5 D Dl
3 m+l | -2 v y(l - y)

53
-
CJqflr f0 AlgebraicFormulae(FormsI - 3)

m2 mn =3,thenn=
t6 If m = 5n2 - 1, express n in terms
6 rf -=-
m-2 n
,the nm= lllf
m+ 5 n *r
w
of m.
l^-l
/ A n= I s
A A3m ,\-
2-" m+15
l m +l
4 B
B B3*
m -1 5
'= I 5
"-2
4 m -1 5 c n=@
C L
5
3m
" *2
2 D3m D n--@
D 5
^z - n 1 5 -m

xY t7 rf!= o* = t,theny-
5 - 3d, t hen d = 12$ = 3.theny= gl 3 ,/Y
| ff!- 5 x -4 y
e2 e .8,
3t4x- l \2
l5x A
A5 A
x+12
2(1 + 3e) 3@f - r)'z
l5x - -xz
D
B
B5 x -1 2
4e / 4, - l \2
15x c 1-/
C
C5 1 2 -x /1( ," - l \2
2(r - 3e) D l,-,/
D5x
D5 x+4
6e- 2 18 ff 3-= 3, theny =
13 Given that p = 3q - r, expressq -2
n+ 4. *t enn= *T ^l v
'0+ A 36f + 2
8 l f m= Sl in termsof p wrd r.
2n -r2 p_r
A q= B 36* + 4
A+ B
3
n+r
0 = !-:-:-
c \?.r) | .>- \2

'3
4
B p | .>- \2
2m - l q=-T-r D .'
\;)
4
c q=!+, 19 Giventhat t = -----, expressm
1- 2m
2+ m
n+ 4 H
6 in terms of r.
D 14 Given that;{sh-= 3, exPressft
2m
A-Zxm= -
Rv {f ,n,..,n,"r; x-l
g lfy+3./x = :.th en x =
) A h=#rt B*=b
l -x
y2 ,'2
c _!_ 1o
n = -;=7{ 2x
5 25 m =-
l +x
t-t
l-
912
D --_ L -
o - 15
-9----::- l-x
225 m =-
?o 2x
D h =1.7
5x-2v
lfD =r+m.the nm= 20 Civen that ---- = xi- + x,
' l-m
15 Giventhatm = + * express.xin termsof y.
p-r - +,express
!8
A n in terms of ra. 2y
p+l S x =+
m -z 8-3v
P+l A n=_ 3_
B 2y
p -l x =-
2 -m ,- ?U
B n=__ -" t

P+l 3 ), t
C
I-p
C "='-y ^-- 8+3y
l-P 2v
D
l+p D"=T ^-- ?,,_R

* 54
 :thap&fl0 AlgebraicFormulaeiForms1 - 3)

cy=t# 25^
2r Giventhatm = Il+,express ) A x= -n
m'
$ mt..., o,^ ^i).' D '\= .x - B
A Y = l6xmz
4m' "=2-m'- - ' ,
Br=ry 22 Giventhatm=5f E).
C x = 4 -,
gI \i x + y /
D x = -l-n
\ra expressx in termsof m andy.

55
-
I Translation
Under a translation, all the points in a plane
are moved the same distance and in the same
direction. A translation can be stated in the
/h\
form { ',i l, where y'rrepresentshorizontal
\Kt'
movement and k represents vertical
movement.
-ha*n>

Reflection
A
l+k Under a reflection, all the points in a plane
I
a are flipped over in the same plane in a line
t -k known as the axis of reflection.
V For example,
For example,

=X

{ r \
,{
4

Rotation
Under a rotation, all the points in a plane
are rotated about a fixed point, the centre of
rotation, in the same direction through the
same angle.

.* 56
 Cbrf&rU TransformationsI & II (Forms1 - 3)

For example, Enlargement

r- /
)0'
f
2

(a) In the diagram, LA'B'C'is the image of

o LABC under an enlargement at centre O
fs with scale factor k, where
, =-
A'B' _ image length
K
AB object length

=- OA' image distance

In the above diagram, OA obiect distance

(a) LQ is the image of AP under a (b) Centre of enlargementis the point of

clockwise rotation of 90o about the origin. intersectionof any two non-parallellines
(b) AR is the image of AP under an joining two pairsof correspondingpoints.
anticlockwise rotation of 90o about the (c) Underan enlargement:
point (5,4). Area of image= lt x areaof object

The diagram shows two triangles F and G drawn

on a square grid. G is the image of F under an
anticlockwise rotation of 90".

The diagram shows seven points on a square

grid. Q is the image of P under a reflection.

Which of the points, A, B, C or D is the centre of

the rotation?
Solution
Construct the perpendicular bisectors of any The axis of reflection is the straight line that
two lines connecting two pairs of the object and joins E and
its image points. The point of intersection of the AF CH
two perpendicular bisectors is the centre of the BG DK
rotation.
In the diagram, the perpendicular bisectors of Solution
PP'and QQ'meet at the point C. Therefore,
C is the centre of the rotation.

EIl is the perpendicular bisector of PQ.

Therefore, it is the axis of the reflection.
Answer: C

* 57
Chr$il.8 f f TransformatioruI & II (FormsI ' 3)

:.'-:'!,:.:l '

In the diagram, Q is the image of P under a On the square grid, triangle Q is the image of
triangle P under an enlargement.
translation ( . tn" distance of PQ is 5 units.
3)

t h\ .
The uans r auon\ k / r s
4) 5) Which of the points labelled A, B, C or D is the
A centre of enlargement?
-3 1 -2 )
-3) 6) Solutian
B
4t -3 1
Solutian

Lines joining the three pairs of corresponding

Thetranslati"" ir (.1). points pass through C. Therefore, C is the
centre ofenlargernent- i
Ansurer:
A

!l'
:..-.:1-:'r,:.,.'1.-r,,.
:,: '.:,it1;iffll|f11iii1]jl11.$1..i,il:tlli1;i.illt.il
Example'5 #
Diagram below shows points plotted on a Solution
Cartesian plane.

,...**

* 58

On the Cartesian plane, p is the
image of P and R is an invariant
point under a reflection in the
line LM.
P in the line LM. On the diagram,
R a
(a) On the Cartesian plane, draw
and label the line LM.
(b) State the coordinates of the
image of the point ,Sunder the
same reflection.
On the Cartesian plane,
quadrilateral Q is the image of
quadrilateral P under a certain
transformation.
(a) Describe this transformation.
(b) State the coordinates of
the image of the point R under
the same transformation.
3 (a) The diagram shows a regular
hexason.
Triangle p is the image of
triangle P under a reflection in
the line MN. On the diagram,
draw and label the line MN.
(b) State the coordinates of the
image of the point S(4, 3)
under a clockwise rotation of
90o about the point T(1,2).
Cbpar fl & II (FormsI - 3)
TransformationsI
On the Cartesian plane, triangle Q (a) Point S is the image of point
is the image of triangle R under a R under a reflection in the line
rotation of 90". PQ. On the diagram, mark and
label the point S.
(b) Trapezium Y is the image of
trapezium X under a reflection
draw and label the line LDI.
7 In the diagram, quadrilateral B is
the image of quadrilateral A under
a clockwise rotation about the
point P.
v
State
(a) the direction of the rotation,
(b) the coordinates of the centre
of rotation.
State
(a) the angle of the rotation,
(b) the coordinates of the image
of p under the same rotation.
8 (a) State the coordinates of the
image of the point (0, 2) under
a reflection in the x-axis.
(b) On the diagram below, draw
(a) On the diagram, point P'is the image of the line LIVI under
the image of point P under a a reflection in the y-axis.
d
translation |/ ). sru," rr,"
\e /
value of d and of e.
(b) Find the coordjnatesof point
Q given that the point Q' is
the image of the point Q
/?\
under the translation I -^ l.
\-zt
In the diagram, the line PQ is the
The diagram below is drawn on a
axis of a reflection.
tessellation of equilateral triangles.
v
is ilo
1'T
P
* 59
CbF ll TransformationsI & II (FormsI - 3)

(a) On the diagram, draw and (b) mark and label the point P,
label PM, the image of PR given that triangle M is the
under a reflection in the line image of triangle L under
PQ. a clockwise rotation of 90"
(b) Given that point S is the about the point P.
image of point T under the v
same reflection, state the
coordinates of point T.

l0 In the diagram, quadrilateral

P'Q'R'S'is the image of
quadrilateral PpRS under a
clockwise rotation of 90o about
the point M.
v
State
(a) the coordinatesof point M,
(b) the coordinatesof point N'
which is the imageof point N
underthe samerotation.
11 (a) On the following diagram,
draw and label the image of 13 On the following diagram,
AABC underan anticlockwise
rotation of 90o about the
origin.
(b) Statethe coordinatesof the
image of point P under the
samerotation.
12 (a) Given that the point (4, -3) is
the imageof the point (1, -5)
/ h\
undera translationI i l. Find t4 In the diagram,P' andQ' ue
\ tr,/ the imagesof pointsP andQ
the value of ft and of /c. respectivelyunderan enlargement
(b) On the grid below, draw and at centre C,
label the image of LII,IN
/ I
-{
underthe translation{ ).
\ z)
""
P'
P R
(a) On the grid, mark and label the
(i) point C,
(ii) point R', which is the
imageof point R under
(a) draw the image of riangle I the sameenlargement.
/_? \ (b) Statethe scalefactor of this
underthe translation enlargement.
I i J,

Multiple-choice
Questions The t *rtution (
(PAPER1) f i tt
I
A
-4
I In the diagram, triangle B is the
image of triangle A under a
th \
transEtron
\ k /.
1
I
-2
The coordinatesof P are
In the diagram, figure N is A (7,7)
the image of figure M under a B (4,4)
clockwise rotation of 90" about c (3 , 3 )
point P. D ' (2,2)

60
-
 Cbptfr lt TransformationsI & II (FormsI - 3)

In the diagram, PQRSTU is a Find the value of k. 11 The diagram shows four
regular hexagon with centre O. A- : 2C
I gr
,12
quadrilaterals on a square grid.
2
t
B z
L

In the diagram, LPQR is drawn on

a Cartesian plane.
PQ / flr | |
The image of LPOQ under a
<f*1+ )l*
clockwise rotation of 120o about
point O is
A ASO? C ATOU Find the correct combination
B AROS D APOU of object, image and the line of
reflection.
4 In the diagram, P@RSis a rhombus.

The imageof point Q undera

reflectionin the line OZ is
A (r,4) C (2 ,s \
B (2 ,4 ) D (3,6)
ARSI is the imageof APQI under
A a rotationof 180" aboutthe The pointP'(-5,7) is the imageof
point L
thepointP undera trunrfution(-U8).
B an anticlockwiserotationof 12 On the grid,P'is the imageof P
l20o aboutthe point T. Find the coordinatesof point P,
C a reflection in the line lM. A (3, l) c (1 , 3 ) tfl
W
undera clockwiserotationof 90o
abouta certainpoint.
Ttrhi.
D a clockwiserotationof 90o B (-3, -1) D (-13, 13)
about the point ?.
9 The diagram shows five
5 The diagramis drawn on a
tessellationof equilateraltriangles. ffiquadrilaterals, P, A, B, C arrdD
drawn on a square grid.
FigureII is the imageof FigureI
undera clockwiserotation,

Which of the points, A, B, C or D

is the image of the point Q tnder
the same rotation?

t3 On the tessellation of equilateral

Which of the quadrilaterals, A, B, triangles, triangle II is the image
C or D is the image of P under an of triangle I under a clockwise
Find the centre of rotation. enlargement? rotation.
AP CR
10 In the tessellation of .eqrrilateral
BQ DS
triangles, P' and Q' are images of P
The diagram is drawn on a tessellation and p respectively under a rotation.
of equilateral triangles. Hexagon
ABCDEF is the image of hexagon
APQRST under an enlargement at
centre A with a scale factor ft.

Which of the points, A, B, C or D

is the centre of rotation?

t4 On the tessellation of equilateral

triangles, P' is the image of P
Which of the points, A, B, C orD under an enlargement with scale
is the centre of rotation? factor 3.

* 61,
 Chrptcr U & II (FormsI -3)
Transformalionsl
Which of the points, A, B, C or D
is the image of R under the same
enlargement?
15 On the tessellation of equilateral
triangles, P' is the image of P
under a clockwise rotation of 120"
about a certain point.
Which of the points, A, B, C or D
is the image of Q under the same
rotation?
16 In the diagram, quadrilateral N is
the image of quadrilateral M wder
a clockwise rotation.
Find the coordinatesof the image
of P under the same rotation.
A (r,6) C (s,2)
B (4, r) D (6,-1)
t7 The diagram is drawn on a square
.# srid.
Which of the triangles, A, B, C or
D is the image of triangle P under a
rotation of 180" about the ooint O?
18 In the diagram, N is the image of
H tt-r, 2) underu t unrrution
( f ).
Which of the points, A, B, C or
D is the image of point P under
Given that MN = 5 units, the a clockwise rotation of 90' about
translation is the point (3, -2)?
A f\- Jl1 ) c /3\
\4)
)) The diagram shows two triangles,
gTM and N drawn on a square grid.
J /?\ iF
-2
D t:l '00
\)/
t9 In the diagram, Q is the image of
ST
t$
P under a reflection in a certain
'lo line.
N is the image of M wder a
anticlockwise rotation of 90'.
Which of the points, A, B, C or D
is the centre of the rotation?
23 The diagram shows five triangles
* drawn on a square grid.
'G
The axis of reflection is the TB
straight line joining E and
AF
BG
CH
DK
20 On the square grid, quadrilateral
H Q is the image of quadrilateral P
?d, under an enlargement.
Which of the triangles, A, B, C or
D is the image of triangle F under
an enlargement with a scale factor
of 2?
24 The diagram shows five triangles
ST
E5-
drawn on a square grid.
Which of the points, A, B, C or D
is the centre of the enlargement?
2l The diagram shows five points Which of the triangles, A, B, C
g plotted on a Cartesian plane. or D is not an image of triangle P
'o4 under a rotation?
'09
j*
62
 C@cf ff Transformationsl&ll(Formsl3)

25 In the diagram, quadrilateral t 26 T"hediagram shows four polygons, i"zt The diagram shows two squares,
g1 QRSI is the image of quadrilateral i H P, Q, R wrd S drawn on squaregrids. ig EFGH and PQRS drawn on square
: '8?' -*i---:-- t----- - : T i:s ? grids.
W YI4IOU under an enlargement.
-$[ :

The centre of enlargement and its All polygons are rotated 90" about
scale factor are the centre O.
Which of the following is the
correct rotation?
PQRS is the image of EFGH
A under an enlargement.
Find the scale factor of the
B A enlargement.
B I
C A c2
C 2
I
D D B+ D3
J

_*)63
 .] 't
rr-
TNEQfiAIrTrDS

I An inequality is a relationshipbetweentwo 6 Solutionfor two simultaneous linear

unequal quantities. inequalitiesin one unknownis to find
, An inequalitycan be represented on a common valuesor equivalentinequalities
number line. that satisfyboth the inequalities.
(a)x>2 Examples:
H (a)
# x >- 2 .
-1 0 1 2345

The emptycircle 'o' indicatesthat the

value ofx doesnot include2.
0123
(b)x<2
<..+
<#
-3-2-1 0 1 2 3 The solution for x 2 -2 and x> lis
The solid circle 'r' indicates that the x> 1.
value of x includes 2.
(b)
x> -1

-ff
-3-2-1 0 1 2 3

greater than or equal to The solutionforx > -1 andx < 2 is

-1<x<2.
less than or equal to
(c)
4 To solvea linear inequalityin one unknown
x<2
is to find its equivalentinequality in the
simplestform.
Example:Solve.r-5 >2
-3-2-1 0 1 2 3
x-5 >2
x >2+5
x >7 The solution for x < 2 and x < -1 is
5 The symbolof an inequalityis reversed x< -1.
when both sidesof the inequalityis
multipliedor dividedby a negativenumber (d)
Example: x<-1
<--------{' H
x>1

(a) -3x> 2l tul * =3 -3-2-1 0 1 2 3

2I
x > 3(2)
-3 No common values, hence, no solution
x<--7 x> -6 forx< -l andx> 1.

.t-
64
 Ch#cr le Linearlnequalities
(FormsI - 3)

List all the integers x which satist/ both the List all the integers x which satis$r the
inequalities below: inequality 4x - 9 < x < 5 + 5x.
A -L,0,1,2
f-t= x a r r a l u +3 )>x B -r,0,t,2,3
c -2 , 0 , r, 2
A 0,1,2 D -2 , 0 , t , 2 , 3
B -1,0,r,2
c -2, -1,0,r,2 Solutian
D -1, o, 1,2,3 From 4x- 9 < x < 5 + 5x. we have:
4x-9 < x and x< 5+ 5x
Solution 4x- x <9 r-5x< 5
44 -r= t x 3x<9 -4x< 5
,L{x+tt>
x<3 *= 5
x-4 <4 x x + 3 )2 x -4
x -4 x < 4 x -Z x > -3
*=-t+
*=+
-3 x<4 -x>-3
x<3
'"-1+
x > -1.75

x > -1.75

. '. x=-L r0 , I , 2 H ence,x= -I,A ,1,2

Tt-'n I

:ffi .;:,.:l-1;1r--i.r-'-:-?;li{.:::ir':-r1.:ar

Given that x is an integer, find all the values of Thesolutionfor2x +l < r -]1 is
x that satis$r both the inequalities r < 5 and
13 -2 x < 7.
A 2 ,3 A '.-+
B 3 ,4
c 2,3,4 B r' -+
D 3 ,4 ,5
Solution c *.-+
x<5 and 13-2x <7
-2x <7 -13 D x< -l
-2x < -G Solution

'=+
x>3
2x+ 3<r _t
8x+ 12< 4-3x
av

Multiplyeach
term by 4.
,x > 3 8x+ 3x< 4-1,2

'.-+
1lx < -8

Thus,.r = 3, 4
Awwer: A

65
-
Chqtm fB (FormsI -3)
LinearInequalities
* s
1 List all the integer values of .x
which satisfy both the inequalities
7 the inequality.
8-x>2 an dl+1x>3 .
2 List all the integer values of m
which satisfy both the inequalities
2m+l>-la nd 5-2 m>0 .
3 Given that e < n </satisfies
both the inequalities Z - ! > t na
J which satisfy both the
3m > 2(m - 1), find the value of
e and off.
4 List all the integer values of x
which satisfy both the inequalities
4+ 2rla nd 3-r>6(.x-l).
2 5- :
5 List all the integer values ofx
which satisfy both the inequalities
5x> 2lan d2 3-3 x>-2.
6 List all the integer values of m
which satisfy both the inequalities
2m+l>-2a nd 2-m>0.
7 List all the integer values of m
which satisfy both the inequalities
4m-8> 2 (m-l) an d 3 - * ,
J r La4and5 <. r +l <1 0 .
8 Find the largest integer value of-r
which satisfies 16 - x > 3x - 12.
9 Given that x is an integer and
48 < 5x - 11 < 61, list all the
possible values of x.
10 Expressr + 5 < 11 < 4x + 3 in
t heforma <x<b .
Ll Given that.r is an integer, list all
the values of r which satisfy both
the inequalities 2x + | > 5 and
! -x>-3 .
2 d and of e.
12 Solve each of the following
inequalities.
(a) 2 m-3>7
(b) - n<5
:, 1t
13 Giventhat ll <2x + 3 < x + 13,list
all the even numbers which satisfy
t4 List all the integer values of x
which satisfy the inequality
2x + 5< 13< 3x +7 .
15 Ex pr es s x - 1<4 <3 x +l
int hef or m a4x {b .
16 List all the integer values ofx
which satisfy the inequality
x < 2x + 2< 7.
t7 Ex pr es s x - 4<1 0 <3 x +1
int hef or m a<x <b .
18 List all the integer values of y
which satisfy both the inequalities
> . . 4a n d 5 - 3 v >0 .
2"
t9 List all the integer values of r
which satisfy both the inequalities
7x > 65and25 - 2 x >l .
20 G iv ent hat l< x <6 a n d
6< y < l0, w h e r e x a n d y a r e
integers, find the value ofp and of
k s uc ht hat p<2 y - x <k .
,21 List all the integer values of .x
which satisfy both the inequalities
t.
1a
z (b) Giventhatm4x4n
:t, Given that x is an integer, list all
the values of .r which satisfy both
the inequalities 5 -x > I and
x > 2+ l- .
5
:ra Given that y is an integer, list all
the values of y which satisfy both
the inequalities 3y - 2 < 5 and
-3y < 6.
i 2 4 List all the integer values of rn
which satisfy both the inequalities
3m + l> - 5a n d 3 - m 2 0 .
25 Given thatp < k < 4 satisfies
k
both the inequalities7 -+
z inequalities 4 - x > -8 and
and 3(ft + 2) < 2O+ k, find the
valueofp and of 4.
'* 66
26 (a) The diagram represents two
simultaneous inequalities on a
number line.
#x
4-3-2 -1 0 1 2
State the inequality which
represents the solution for the
inequalities.
(b) List all the integer values of k
Z-!<ZrlrrA
inequalities
3 ( k - l ) <2 k .
?ll Giventhati -.r ( 3-r 1x+ 12
where x is an integer, fill in the
boxes below using integers that
satisfy both the above inequalities.
(x(
28 List all the integer values of m
which satisfy both the inequalities
7(m - 3) >- 2(m - 3) and
+-!>2.
3
29 (a) Represent on the number line
the inequality -3 < y <2.
#/
4-3-2-1 0 1 2 3
satisfies both the inequalities
1 - : =5 a n d - 3 x +5 <- 7 ,
2
find the value of m and of n.
30 List all the integer values of .x
which satisfy both the inequalities
o _ , ,t
' <3 a n d 3 ( y - 6 ) <2 ( 6 - y ) .
2
31 Given that d < x < e satisfies
both the inequalities 3 - + = 2
J
and 7 + 2x > 5, find the value of
< 5 32 Given that the solution for the
3 x +2 >1 4 i s p <x <q , f n d
the value of p and of q.
 Chnp&r f2 Linearlnequalities
(FormsI - 3)

Multiple-choiceQuestions A-5 12 The solutionfor 6 - 5v > 7 + v is

(PAPER1) B-4 g[A y< 7
c-3 ' fl n v>7
I The diagram below representstwo DO I
C y< -
simultaneousinequalitieson a 6
number line. I
:n Given that 4 < 2x < 11 and D v > -7
}----> 0 < 5 -y ( 6, where.r andy are
#x :
integers, find the minimum value
-3-2-' t O 1 2 3 4
i 13 Gi u" nrhar3< x< 7and
Find the inequality which
oI- x-. j iil I -y < 5. wherexandy are
v B int.g"rr. find
represents the common values of i the maximumvalue
both the inequalities. A ofx-y.
A -2 <x12 5 A4
B -2 <.r < l B
1
B5
C -2 <x< l 2 C7
D -2 <x< L CO D8
D1
2 Given that 5m + 9 > 3m, which
of the following is not a possible i fa Urt all the integer values of x
integervalueof rz? i s rr7<3-2ft<8-t,then , *I which satisfy borh the inequalities
A-5 .l -5<k<-2 ;1€
i
B-4 i n 2<k<5 i a*<2andl0-3m<4.
c4 i c -5<r<-2 A 4,5
D5 : D -5<k<2 B 3,4,5
c 2,3,4,5,
3 List all the integervaluesof ft : D 2,3, 4, 5,6
which satisfyboth the inequalities : 9 Given that p < -r < 3 satisfies both ;
i t heinequalit ies 2- x< I and i
S-!=l a n d5( t - l) > 4k + t .
2 i:'l ++ 3 < 4, findthevalueof p. i 15 List all the integervaluesof x
A7 :'. $$ whichsatisfyboththe inequalities
B 6 ,7 . A- 3 i 93 2-
il ' tr
2x+ l > 17and -^ < 18.
c 7 ,8 i B -l l 2
D 6 ,7 ,8 i ct i A 9,10,11
jn e i
IU
B 9,10,11,12
4 lf 5 x-3 <7 < 2x + 9, t hen i: ; c 8,9, 10,l t
A -l <-r< 2 D 8,9, rO,11,t2
B 0 <.r< 2 i tO tist all the integervaluesof x
i gg whichsatisfythe linearinequality
C -l <;<2
D -1 <.x< 3 i'n 4 -3 x < 1 3 .
j i re rn" diagram representstwo
,q, -4. -5, -6, ...
i $l simultaneousinequalitieson a
5 Gi ve n th at 5< p< 9and : B -3. -4. -5, ... ffi, number line.
-3 <q (l ,wher epandqar e ; c -3,-2, -r, ...
i D -2,-r,0 :
integers,find the maximumvalue
+-i----n
:l

ofp -q . :
i i F_____1_--*
A6 1#x
i ll Given that p < -r S 4 satisfies
81 0 | 4 -3-2-t 0 1 2 3
c1 2 i Uottrthe inequalities5 -I < 4 I

Dt3 i Th" inequality which represents

and4(x + 3) < 30 +.r, find the ! th" common values of both the
v a l u e o fp + q . ; inequalities is
6 The smallestintegervalueof x
A4 : A - 2 <x <1
which satisfiesthe inequality
B6 : B - 2 <x 1 l
1
x +6> --1(2-x)is c8 ; C - 2 <x <l
J
D20 : D - 2 ( x <l

,- 67
ft4iftr f* ' LinearInequalities
(Forms
1- 3)

17 List all the integer values of.r List all the integervaluesof x 22 Which number line represents the
S which satisfy both the inequalities which satisfy both the inequalities H solution of the simultaneous linear
ur< 6an d1 5-2 x<7. €
inequalities2x + 3 > 5 and
L -z = ra n d l (r+ 4))x.
A5 c 5,6 43 3 - x >- l ?
B 4, 5 D 4,5,6 A -2 ,-1 ,0 , I A
-_--o
#
B -2 ,-1 ,0 ,r ,2 -2-1012345
18 Find the solution for c -3, --2,-r,0, I
SI
'ru
L+ | > 2m + 7. D -3 ,-2 ,-1 , 0,r,2 B<
#
2 -2-1012345
)r
A m> - - 4 2l T"hesolution for 3x + 4 I l- --
B m< - 4 3 C
$I i' # ---.------o
C m>-4 Tt
ll -2-1012345
D m<4 A *a-
S
D .-----o
t9 List all the integersx which satisfy B x < -l #
-2-1012345
# the inequality 3x - 6 < x 4 7 + 4x.
A -2, - 1, 0, t , 2 C * .-9
lt
B -2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3
c - 3, - 1, 0, l, 2 D ,U -9
D - 3, - 1, 0, t , 2, 3 lt

68
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