Agriculture in Bali

—— Demand
Yi He/ 1823412
 Mind map
 Population
 Population density and distribution

https://pudding.cool/2018/10/city_3d/
 Hotspot —— Residential population

https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/visualisation.php
 Hotspot —— Residential population

https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/visualisation.php
 Hotspot —— Residential population

https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/visualisation.php
 Hotspot —— Residential population

https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/visualisation.php
 A projection production and consumption of food crops in Bali Province towards

A projection production and consumption of food crops in Bali Province towards 2021-2025
 Urbanization
 Hotspot —— Degree of urbanization

https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/visualisation.php
 Hotspot —— Degree of urbanization

https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/visualisation.php
 Hotspot —— Degree of urbanization

https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/visualisation.php
 Hotspot —— Degree of urbanization

https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/visualisation.php
 Fingerprint —— Gross Regional Domestic Product by Industrial Origin (2021)

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali/BPS - Statistics of Bali Province

 Gross Regional Domestic Product by Agriculture Related and Tourism Related
—— (2010-2021)

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali/BPS - Statistics of Bali Province

 Consumption
 Monthly Average Expenditure per Capita of Food Items —— (2018-2021)

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali/BPS - Statistics of Bali Province

 Monthly Average Expenditure per Capita of Food —— (2006-2021)

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali/BPS - Statistics of Bali Province

 Food consumption —— Tourism related

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893920301666
https://www.google.com/maps
 Number of Foreign Visitor to Bali —— (1969-2021)

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali/BPS - Statistics of Bali Province

 Number of Foreign Visitor to Bali —— (1969-2021)

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali/BPS - Statistics of Bali Province

Agriculture in Bali
—— Supply
Tianyi Chen/ 1821885
 Change of cultivated land

2000 Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)

 Change of cultivated land

2010 Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)

 Change of cultivated land

2020 Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)

 Harvested area and productivity

Data source:https://knoema.com/atlas/topics/Agriculture
 Change of cultivated land

data source: Google mapp

 GDP in different area before 2020

data source: Google mapp

data source: https://aciperspectives.com/2021/10/20/chart-of-the-week-october-20-2021-the-pandemic-in-hindsight-balis-impetus-for-economic-diversification/
data source: https://www.ai≈rport-technology.com/comment/bali-entry-rules-recovery/
 The pandemic in hindsight: Bali's impetus for
economic diversification
Contribution to real GDP key sectors (IDR Trillion)

data source: https://www.oecd.org/economy/indonesia-improve-skills-strengthen-institutions-and-lower-barriers-to-competition-to-strengthen-recovery-from-covid-19.htm

 Ecological footprint

The ideal condition is that total demand (ecological footprint) is lower than its
supply (biocapacity), so it can give sustainability to natural resource use.

Demand/Ecological Footprint (EF) Calculation

The Ecological Footprint depicts the goods and services that a

population needs from the environment, described in the net
consumption of classified products such as agricultural
products, agricultural products, forestry products, fishery
products, space and land requirements, and energy
consumption.

Ecological Footprint Deficit (ED) Calculation

The ecological footprint value shows whether an area exceeds

its biological carrying capacity level. When the ecological
footprint value is greater than its biological carrying capacity, an
area can be declared a "deficit area". Larger ecological footprint
values indicate that the population in a particular region uses
more natural resources than its environment provides.

(Ministry of public works, 2020)

 Volcanic distribution

data source: Google mapp

 Types of rice cultivation and distribution of wells

data source: The Comprehensive Study on Water Resources Development and Management in Bali Province
 Water problems

data source: https://www.urbanwateratlas.com/2021/12/13/the-waters-of-badung-indonesia/

 Water problems

data source: https://www.urbanwateratlas.com/2021/12/13/the-waters-of-badung-indonesia/

 Precipitation amounts

data source: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/bali_cameroon_2235029

https://www.urbanwateratlas.com/2021/12/13/the-waters-of-badung-indonesia/
 Agriculture in Bali
—— water scarcity and pollution
Xixi Qin / 1824529
 TRANSFORMING FOOD AND AGRICULTURE TO ACHIEVE THE SDGs

Source from: FAO

 Protect water and manage scarcity

Distribution of subaks in each administrative region (McTaggart, 1989).

 Water scarcity

Source from: https://www.wri.org/applications/aqueduct/food/#/

 Water scarcity

Source from: https://www.wri.org/applications/aqueduct/food/#/

 Water scarcity

Distribution of subaks in each administrative region (McTaggart, 1989).

 Water scarcity

Source from: https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food

Source from: https://fundrazr.com/baliwaterprotection?ref=ab_1oVfPrnlcQW1oVfPrnlcQW

 Water scarcity

Source from: https://www.idepfoundation.org/en/bwp

 Water pollution

Source from: https://www.menlhk.go.id/site/post/10?start=10

 Water pollution

Source from: Environmental impact from agrochemicals in Bali (Indonesia) (Machbub,1988)

 Subak irrigation system
Three harmonious
1. Human and nature

Subak is the basis of the water

management system in the
Balinese terraced landscape. It
refers to a coordinated and
cooperative civil water

2. Human and human

Subak is the basis of the water
management system in the
Balinese terraced landscape. It
refers to a coordinated and
cooperative civil water

Subak is the basis of the water management system in the Balinese terraced
landscape. It refers to a coordinated and cooperative civil water management 3. Human and god
organisation with a formal management structure and irrigation facilities. It
consists of rice terraces, aqueducts, dams and temples. Bali's inhabitants
share the source of their fields from the Lake Batur. The traditional Subak Subak is the basis of the water
irrigation system has existed for over 1100 years and is on the World management system in the
Heritage List. Due to urban expansion and economic development, some Balinese terraced landscape. It
terraces and Subak have disappeared. By 2011, the number of remaining refers to a coordinated and
Subaks ranged from 1200 to 1600, covering an area of 4 to 800 hm². cooperative civil water

Source from: https://www.menlhk.go.id/site/post/10?start=10

 Subak irrigation system

The terraces in the same watershed are divided into a

high altitude section, a middle altitude section and a
downstream waterfront section, according to the
topography and climate of Bali, and water is released
from the upper, middle and lower reaches. If the
Subak organisation at a certain altitude does not
follow the rules and there is a conflict over the use of
water, it is reported to the water temple manager at
each level for coordination.

Source from: Efforts to preserve the sustainability of subak irrigation system in Denpasar city, Bali Province, Indonesia (Norken, 2018)
 Subak irrigation system
• 运作方式 仪式 管理方式

Source from: https://new.qq.com/omn/20191129/20191129A0359O00.html

 Subak irrigation system

The managers have different titles

and increasingly specific
responsibilities from the senior to
the most junior water temples,. 1
weir temple has 2 branch canal
temples under the jurisdiction of 3
and 4 subaks respectively. Each
subak covers an area of 38.74-133.41
hm ², with a total area of 558.04.

Source from:巴厘岛梯田景观苏巴克灌溉系统及其生态水文效应研究进展(Gao, 2019)

 Subak irrigation system Distribution of subaks in each administrative region
空气污染图

Source from:巴厘岛梯田景观苏巴克灌溉系统及其生态水文效应研究进展(Gao, 2019)

Agriculture in Bali
—— Agriculture footprint
Liyu Pan / 1823409
 Agriculture Hotspot

Source from Google earth

 Cropping system

Modified from Foley (1979)

 Domesticated animals carbon footprint

Source from: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

 Rice production diagram

Modified from Moraes et al. (2014); Harun et al. (2020)

 Agricultural Cycles and
Ecosystems

Modified from Foley (1979)

 Eco-agricultural cycle
 Reference List
• Population density and distribution (2018) [Online]. Available from: https://pudding.cool/2018/10/city_3d/ (Accessed: 26 April 2022).

• Global Human Settlement Layer (n. d.) [Online]. Available from: https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/visualisation.php (Accessed: 21 April 2022).

• Fauziyanti, N U; Alfana, M A F; Putri, R F. (2020) A projection production and consumption of food crops in Bali Province towards 2021-2025, IOP Conference Series Earth and
Environmental Science, Bristol Vol. 451, Iss. 1. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012037

• Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali/BPS - Statistics of Bali Province (n. d.) [Online]. Available from: https://bali.bps.go.id/ (Accessed: 24 April 2022).

• Google Map (n. d.) [Online]. Available from: https://www.google.com/maps (Accessed: 25 April 2022).

• Christian, S. et al. (2020) [Online]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893920301666 (Accessed: 25 April 2022).

• food and agriculture organization of united nations (n. d.) [Online]. Available from: https://www.fao.org/gleam/results/en/ (Accessed: 26 April 2022).

• Foley, S. (1979) RICE CULTIVATION IN BALI: AN ENERGY ANALYSIS, Thesis (MA), Murdoch University [Online]. Available from:
https://www.weadapt.org/sites/weadapt.org/files/legacy-new/placemarks/files/5305e4eba08berice-cultivation-in-bali.pdf (Accessed: 26 April 2022).

• Moraes, C. et al (2014) Review of the rice production cycle: By-products and the main applications focusing on rice husk combustion and ash recycling [Online]. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X14557379 (Accessed: 26 April 2022).

• Harun, S.N., et al (2021) An LCA-Based Environmental Performance of Rice Production for Developing a Sustainable Agri-Food System in Malaysia. Environmental Management 67,
146–161 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01365-7