Arc Welding Aluminum : How to Stick Weld Aluminum

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When arc welding aluminum with the shielded metal-arc welding (SMAW) process, a heavy dipped or extruded
flux coated electrode is used with DC Reverse Polarity (DCRP). The electrodes are covered similarly to
conventional steel electrodes. The flux coating provides a gaseous shield around the arc and molten aluminum
puddle, and chemically combines and removes the aluminum oxide, forming a slag. When welding aluminum, the
process is rather limited due to arc spatter, erratic arc control, limitations on thin material, and the corrosive action
of the flux if it is not removed properly.

Arc Welding Aluminum Plate. Because of the difficulty of controlling the arc, butt and fillet welds are difficult to
produce in plates less than 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) thick. When welding plate heavier than 1/8 in. (3.2 mm), a joint
prepared with a 20 degree bevel will have strength equal to a weld made by the oxyacetylene process. This weld
may be porous and unsuitable for liquid-or gas-tight joints. Metal-arc welding is, however, particularly suitable for
heavy material and is used on plates up to 2-1/2 in. (63.5 mm) thick.

Arc Welding Aluminum : current and polarity settings. The current and polarity settings will vary with each
manufacturer’s type of electrodes. The polarity to be used should be determined by trial on the joints to be made.

Arc Welding Aluminum : plate edge preparation. In general, the design of welded joints for aluminum is quite
consistent with that for steel joints. However, because of the higher fluidity of aluminum under the welding arc,
some important general principles should be kept in mind. With the lighter gauges of aluminum sheet, less groove
spacing is advantageous when weld dilution is not a factor. The controlling factor is joint preparation. A specially
designed V groove that is applicable to aluminum is shown in A, figure 7-11. This type of joint is excellent where
welding can be done from one side only and where a smooth, penetrating bead is desired. The effectiveness of
this particular design depends upon surface tension, and should be applied on all material over 1/8 in. (3.2 mm)
thick. The bottom of the special V groove must be wide enough to contain the root pass completely. This requires
adding a relatively large amount of filler alloy to fill the groove. Excellent control of the penetration and sound root
pass welds are obtained. This edge preparation can be employed for welding in all positions. It eliminates
difficulties due to burn-through or over-penetration in the overheat and horizontal welding positions. It is applicable
to all weldable base alloys and all filler alloys.

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Tags: aluminum aluminum plate arc welding Welding Aluminum

See Also:
Electron Beam Welding Aluminum
MIG Welding Aluminum
Resistance Welding Aluminum
Stud Welding Aluminum
TIG Welding Aluminum

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