Lesson 2

Communication
Processes,
Principles, and
Ethics
Ms. Fuentes
Instructor
COMMUNICATION
MODELS
 While exploring the human nature
scientifically, Aristotle developed a linear
model of communication for oral
communication known as Aristotle’s Model
of Communication. This is considered as
the first model of communication and
was proposed before 300 B.C . It is also
the most widely accepted among all
communication models
Aristotle Model of
Communication

SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE EFFECT

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Aristotle Model of Communication

The Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker centered model

as the speaker has the most important role in it and is the only
one active. It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the
audience. The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the
speech. This makes the communication process one way, from
speaker to receiver..

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Lasswell's communication model was
developed by communication theorist
Harold D. Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948.
Lasswell’s model of communication
(also known as action model or linear
model or one way model of
communication) is regarded as one
the most influential communication
models.
 WHO

SAYS
WHAT

CHANNEL

Lass Well’s Model TO WHOM

of Communication
WITH
WHAT
EFFECT
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Lass Well’s Model of Communication

Though Lasswell’s model was developed to analyze mass

communication, this model is used for interpersonal communication
or group communication to be disseminated message to various
groups in various situations.

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 In 1948, Shannon was an American
mathematician, Electronic engineer and
Weaver was an American scientist both
of them join together to write an article
in “Bell System Technical Journal” called
“A Mathematical Theory of
Communication” and also called as
“Shannon-Weaver model of
communication”.
Shannon-Weaver model of Communication
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 Class Participation

A businessman sends a message via phone text to his worker about

a meeting happening about their brand promotion. The worker does
not receive the full message because of noise. It goes like this
Businessman: We have a meeting at the office ("at 8 am" goes missing due
to phone network disruption or noise) Worker (feedback) : At what time?

1.Sender :
2.Encoder :
3.Channel :
4.Noise :
5.Decoder:
6.Receiver :
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Shannon-Weaver model of Communication

This model is specially designed to develop the effective

communication between sender and receiver. Also they find factors
which affecting the communication process called “Noise”.
At first the model was developed to improve the Technical
communication. Later it’s widely applied in the field of Communication.

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Berlo's model was first published in
1960 in the book entitled El
Proceso de la Comunicación
(The Process of Communication).
The model includes four
components to describe
the communication process:
sender, message, channel, and
receiver, each of them affected
by many factors
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If you were to insert
noise as an additional
variable for SMCR,
where do you think
will it fit?

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 Today’s Activity:
Become a Model Communicator
Select one of the following scenarios and create a
communications diagram showing each component of
communication: sender, encoding, transmission,
receiver, decoding and feedback. Below the drawing,
list two to three possible noise factors and how you
would address them.

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a. As a school principal,
you must immediately let
all your students know
that school is closed due
to heavy snowfall the
night before

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b. You want to thank a kind
stranger who helped you
change a flat tire, but do
not have his contact
information.

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c. During a visit to Italy,
you need to get directions
to the Coliseum in Rome,
but you don’t speak Italian.

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d. You want to publicize an
upcoming event to raise
money for a homeless
shelter.

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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Know your purpose in communicating

Know your audience

Know your topic

Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation.

Work on feedback given to you.

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION THE 7Cs
Be clear.
Be concise.
Be concrete.
Be correct.
Be coherent
Be complete
Be courteous
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ETHICS OF
COMMUNICATION
Communication ethics emphasizes
that morals influence the behavior
of an individual, group, or
organization thereby affecting
their communication.

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PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL
COMMUNICATION
 Be Truthful and Honest
Active Listening
Speak Non-Judgmentally
Speak from your own experience
Consider the receiver’s preferred communication channel
Strive to understand
Avoid negative tone
Do not interrupt others
Respect privacy and confidentiality
Accept responsibility
“Before you speak, think
Is it necessary?
Is it true?
Is it kind?
Will it hurt anyone?
Will it improve on the
silence?”
-Sri Sathaya Sai Baba
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