OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

LAB FILE

Submitted by: Ritika Punia

Enrollment Number: 02201032020
Subject code: BIT-204
B.Tech (IT), 2 nd year
 LAB-1

1.Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of friend function.

CODE:
// C++ program to demonstrate the working of friend function
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Distance {
private:
int meter;

// friend function
friend int addFive(Distance);

public:
Distance() : meter(0) {}

};

// friend function definition

int addFive(Distance d) {
 //accessing private members from the friend function
d.meter += 5;
return d.meter;
}

int main() {
Distance D;
cout << "Distance: " << addFive(D);
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

2. Write a C++ program to find the speed difference of car and

truck using friend function. Declare the function as friend of
both classes.
CODE:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class truck;
class car
{
int car_speed;
public:
void set(int x)
{
car_speed = x;
}
void get()
{
cout<<" value of a is: "<<car_speed<<endl;
}
friend void difference(class car, class truck);
};
class truck
{
int truck_speed;
public:
void set(int x)
{
truck_speed = x;
}
void get()
{
cout<<" value of a is: "<<truck_speed<<endl;
}
friend void difference(class car, class truck);
};
void difference(car OB1, truck OB2)
{
int d = OB1.car_speed - OB2.truck_speed;
if (d>0)
{
cout<<"speed of car is greater than truck by "<<d<<endl;
}
else if (d<0)
{
cout<<"speed of truck is greater than car by "<< -d<<endl;
}
else
cout<<" speed of car is equal to speed of truck"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
car obj1;
truck obj2;
obj1.set(5);
obj2.set(10);
difference(obj1, obj2);
}
3. Write a C++ program to find the speed difference of car and
truck using friend function. Declare the function as friend of
one class and public member of another class.
CODE:
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class car{
int speed car;
public:
void input(){
cout<<"Enter the speed of car";
cin>>speed car;
}
friend class truck;
};
class truck{
int speed truck;
public:
void input(){
cout<<"Enter the speed of truck";
cin>>speed truck;
}
void difference(car obj1){
if(obj1.speed_car>speed truck){
cout<<"difference in speed is"<<obj1.speed_car-speed truck;
}
else{
cout<<"difference in speed is"<<speed truck-obj1.speed_car;
}
}
};
int main(){
car obj 1;
 truck obj 2;
obj1.input();
obj2.input();
obj2.difference(obj1);
}

OUTPUT:

4.Write a C++ program that illustrates the concept of virtual

base class
CODE:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A {
public:
int a;
A() // constructor
{
a = 10;
}
};

class B : public virtual A {

};

class C : public virtual A {

};

class D : public B, public C {

};

int main()
{
D object; // object creation of class d
cout << "a = " << object.a << endl;

return 0;
}
5. Design a single C++ program illustrating the following
concept of inheritance: -
i. Single inheritance
ii. Multiple Inheritance
ii. Multilevel Inheritance
CODE:
// C++ program to explain
// Single inheritance
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

// base class
class Vehicle {
public:
Vehicle()
{
cout << "This is a Vehicle\n";
}
};

// sub class derived from a single base classes

class Car : public Vehicle {

};

// main function
int main()
{
// Creating object of sub class will
// invoke the constructor of base classes
Car obj;
return 0;
}
// C++ program to explain
// multiple inheritance
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

// first base class

class Vehicle {
public:
Vehicle()
{
cout << "This is a Vehicle\n";
}
};

// second base class

class FourWheeler {
public:
FourWheeler()
{
cout << "This is a 4 wheeler Vehicle\n";
}
};

// sub class derived from two base classes

class Car : public Vehicle, public FourWheeler {

};

// main function
int main()
{
// Creating object of sub class will
// invoke the constructor of base classes.
Car obj;
return 0;
}
// C++ program to implement
// Multilevel Inheritance
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

// base class
class Vehicle
{
public:
Vehicle()
{
cout << "This is a Vehicle\n";
}
};

// first sub_class derived from class vehicle

class fourWheeler: public Vehicle
{ public:
fourWheeler()
{
cout << "Objects with 4 wheels are vehicles\n";
}
};
// sub class derived from the derived base class fourWheeler
class Car: public fourWheeler {
public:
Car()
{
cout << "Car has 4 Wheels\n";
}
};

// main function
int main()
{
// Creating object of sub class will
// invoke the constructor of base classes.
Car obj;
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

6. Design a single C++ program illustrating the following

concept of inheritance: -
i. Public derivation
ii. Private derivation
iii. Protected derivation #include<bits/stdc++.h>
CODE:
using namespace std;
class A
{
private:
void pri_A()
{
cout<<"private of A"<<endl;
}
protected:
void pro_A()
{
cout<<"protected of A"<<endl;
}
public:
void pub_A()
{
cout<<"public of A"<<endl;
}
};
class B :public A
{
};
class C :protected A
{
};
class D :private A
{
};
int main()
{
class B b;
// b.pri_A(); it will throw an error as private member cannot be
inherited
// b.pro_A(); it will throw an error as protected member cannot be
accessed by an object of class
b.pub_A();
class C c;
// c.pri_A(); it will throw an error as private member cannot be
inherited
// c.pro_A(); it will throw an error as protected member cannot be
accessed by an object of class
// c.pub_A(); it will throw an error as protected member cannot be
accessed by an object of class
class D d;
// d.pri_A(); it will throw an error as private member cannot be
inherited
// d.pro_A(); it will throw an error as private member cannot be
accessed by an object of class
// d.pub_A(); it will throw an error as private member cannot be
accessed by an object of class
}

7. Write a C++ program to illustrate the operator overloading

for addition, subtraction and multiplication of Complex
Numbers (real & imaginary part) using Member Function and
Friend Function.

CODE:
// overload the + relative to coord class
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class coord {

int x, y;
// coordinate values public:
coord( ) {
x = 0;
y = 0;
}
coord(int i, int j) {
x = i;
y = j;
}

void get_xy(int &i, int &j) {

i = x;
j = y;
}

coord operator+(coord ob2);

};

// Overload + relative to coord class. coord coord::operator+(coord ob2)

{

coord temp;
temp.x = x + ob2.x;
temp.y = y + ob2.y;
return temp;

int main( ) {

coord o1(10, 10), o2(5, 3), o3;

int x, y;
o3 = o1 + o2; //add to objects, (o1.operator+(02))(03=temp)

// this calls operator+()

o3.get_xy(x, y);

cout << "(o1+o2) X: " << x << ", Y: " << y << "\n";

return 0;

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex {
private:
float real;
float imag;
public:
Complex(): real(0), imag(0){ }
void input() {
cout << "Enter real and imaginary parts respectively: ";
cin >> real;
cin >> imag; }
// Operator overloading
Complex operator - (Complex c2) {
Complex temp;
temp.real = real - c2.real;
temp.imag = imag - c2.imag; return temp;
}
void output() {
if(imag < 0)
cout << "Output Complex number: "<< real << imag << "i";
else
cout << "Output Complex number: " << real << "+" << imag <<
"i";
}
};
int main() {
Complex c1, c2, result;
cout<<"Enter first complex number:\n";
c1.input();
cout<<"Enter second complex number:\n";
c2.input();
// In case of operator overloading of binary operators in C++ programming,
// the object on right hand side of operator is always assumed as argument by
compiler.
result = c1 - c2;
result.output();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

8. Write a C++ program to illustrate the operator overloading for

++ and – for both post and pre functionalities.

CODE:
// C++ program to demonstrate
// prefix increment operator overloading

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Integer {
private:
int i;

public:
// Parameterised constructor
Integer(int i = 0)
{
this->i = i;
}

// Overloading the prefix operator

Integer operator++()
{
Integer temp;
temp.i = ++i;
return temp;
}

// Function to display the value of i

void display()
{
cout << "i = " << i << endl;
}
};
// Driver function
int main()
{
Integer i1(3);

cout << "Before increment: ";

i1.display();

// Using the pre-increment operator

Integer i2 = ++i1;

cout << "After pre increment: ";

i2.display();
}
// C++ program to demonstrate
// postfix increment operator overloading

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

class Integer {
private:
int i;

public:
// Parameterised constructor
Integer(int i = 0)
{
this->i = i;
}

// Overloading the postfix operator

Integer operator++(int)
{
Integer temp;
temp.i = i++;
return temp;
}

// Function to display the value of i

void display()
{
cout << "i = " << i << endl;
}
};

// Driver function
int main()
{
Integer i1(3);

cout << "Before increment: ";

i1.display();
// Using the post-increment operator
Integer i2 = i1++;

cout << "After post increment: ";

i2.display();
}
// C++ program to demonstrate
// prefix decrement operator overloading

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

class Integer {
private:
int i;

public:
// Parameterised constructor
Integer(int i = 0)
{
this->i = i;
}

// Overloading the prefix operator

Integer operator--()
{
Integer temp;
temp.i = --i;
return temp;
}

// Function to display the value of i

void display()
{
cout << "i = " << i << endl;
}
};

// Driver function
int main()
{
Integer i1(3);

cout << "Before decrement: ";

i1.display();

// Using the pre-decrement operator

Integer i2 = --i1;

cout << "After pre decrement: ";

i2.display();
}
// C++ program to demonstrate
// postfix decrement operator overloading
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

class Integer {
private:
int i;

public:
// Parameterised constructor
Integer(int i = 0)
{
this->i = i;
}

// Overloading the postfix operator

Integer operator--(int)
{
Integer temp;
temp.i = i--;
return temp;
}

// Function to display the value of i

void display()
{
cout << "i = " << i << endl;
}
};

// Driver function
int main()
{
Integer i1(3);

cout << "Before decrement: ";

i1.display();

// Using the post-decrement operator

Integer i2 = i1--;

cout << "After post decrement: ";

i2.display();
}
OUTPUT:
9. Write a C++ program to implement + operator overloading
to add two timestamps
CODE:
// C++ program to implement + operator
// overloading to add two timestamps

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Time class template

class Time {
private:
int HR, MIN, SEC;

// Defining functions
public:
// Functions to set the time
// in the Time class template
void setTime(int x, int y, int z)
{
HR = x;
MIN = y;
SEC = z;
}

// Function to print the time

// in HH:MM:SS format
void showTime()
{
cout << endl
<< HR << ":" << MIN << ":" << SEC;
}

// Function to normalize the resultant

// time in standard form
void normalize()
{
MIN = MIN + SEC / 60;
SEC = SEC % 60;
HR = HR + MIN / 60;
MIN = MIN % 60;
}

// + Operator overloading
// to add the time t1 and t2
Time operator+(Time t)
{
Time temp;
temp.SEC = SEC + t.SEC;
temp.MIN = MIN + t.MIN;
temp.HR = HR + t.HR;
temp.normalize();
return (temp);
}
};

// Driver code
int main()
{
Time t1, t2, t3;
t1.setTime(5, 50, 30);
t2.setTime(7, 20, 34);

// Operator overloading
t3 = t1 + t2;

// Printing results
t1.showTime();
t2.showTime();
t3.showTime();

return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

Write a program to handle exception different try of exceptions

in C++.
CODE:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int x = -1;

// Some code
cout << "Before try \n";
try {
cout << "Inside try \n";
if (x < 0)
{
throw x;
cout << "After throw (Never executed) \n";
}
}
catch (int x ) {
cout << "Exception Caught \n";
}

cout << "After catch (Will be executed) \n";

return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

28. Division by zero is an exception. Write a C++ program to

detect such an exception and handle it by displaying an
appropriate message and exit from the program.
CODE:
// Program to show division without using
// Exception Handling

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Defining function Division

float Division(float num, float den)
{
// return the result of division
return (num / den);

} // end Division

int main()
{
// storing 12.5 in numerator
// and 0 in denominator
float numerator = 12.5;
float denominator = 0;
float result;

// calls Division function

result = Division(numerator, denominator);

// display the value stored in result

cout << "The quotient of 12.5/0 is "
<< result << endl;

} // end main

OUTPUT:
Add given timestamps by overloading +
operator in C++ Time Class
Add given timestamps by overloading +
operator in C++ Time Class