THE IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGY IN STRUCTURAL

ENGINEERING

Introduction

Geology is the study of the earth, its origin, structure, composition, and history. There are
many forms of geology, including economic geology, planetary geology, and engineering
geology. Engineering geology is a very important topic for structural engineers to
understand as it helps them properly plan a project when considering the design, location,
and other important geological factors.

Importance of Engineering Geology

Engineering geology helps ensure a safe and cost-effective design for construction projects.
Gathering geological information for a project site is important in the planning, design, and
construction phase of an engineering project. Conducting a detailed geological survey of an
area before commencing a project will reduce the overall cost of the project. Common
foundational problems in dams, bridges, and other buildings are typically directly related to
the geology of the area where they were constructed. Our SE exam review course provides
adequate geological information for engineers preparing for the SE exam.

The Need for an Understanding of Geology 

For quality control of construction materials, such as sand, gravel, or crushed rocks, an
engineer with a geological background is needed. The knowledge of the nature of the rocks
in a specific area is necessary for tunneling and determining the stability of cuts and slopes.
Geological maps also help in planning projects. If geological features, such as faults, joints,
beds, folds, or channels are encountered, suitable remedies should be incorporated.
Geological maps provide information regarding the structural disposition of rock types in a
proposed area. Topographical maps are essential for understanding the advantages and
disadvantages of all possible sites. 

Hydrological maps provide information regarding the distribution of surface water channels
and the occurrence and depth contour of ground water. Knowledge of ground water is
necessary for excavation works. Understanding soil erosion transportation and deposition
by surface water helps in soil conservation, river control, and coastal works. In geologically-
sensitive areas, such as coastal belts and seismic zones, knowledge of the geological history
of the area is very important. It is recommended that those preparing for one of the SE
exams have a thorough understanding of geology and how to evaluate a site before a
construction project.