Cl

New East (Mesopotamia)

Prehistoric Egyptian (5000 BC) Greek Architecture
(4000 BC)
(8th Century BC - 2nd Century)

Aegean Arch or Early

Period

Nile River, the land of

Stone Age Pharoah Tigris at Euphrates River Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea

No windows;
Flat Roof Mostly; Small windows (dessert);
Residences
With Skylight, roof slits, Central Courtyards
clerestories

Summerian Early Period :

Monarchy - form of - Sun-dried bricked faced
Paleolithic government with burnt or Glazed Brick Aegeans, Minoans &
Myceneans
- Monumental Temples

Babylonian
-Mud-Brick Construction
-Palaces and temples were
Mesolithic Pharoah - king, ruler decorated with enamelled Hellenic Period :
Acropolis, Parthenon
brick friezes of bulls and lions
- achieved highest degree of
civilization

Civilization Assyrian
- Mud Brick Construction
Vizier - most powerfull - Palaces over Religious
Neolithic official Buildings
- believe in Military
Superiority

Persian
Chancellor - treasurer -Synthesis of Architectural
Elements of Neighboring
Chief Steward - katulong lol, Countries (Except Egypt and
Ionian Greece); Timber
Egyptians Slave - believe in Military
Superiority

Structures

Plan Layout Square or Rectangular

* B7Colossal Winged Bulls

* Murals of Decorative
Features / Beliefs/ Heiroglyphics; Batterwall Continuous Stone
Ornaments/ Decorations
* Polychrome Glazes Bricks
* Genies and Demons
 Stone was abundant; used
for monuments & religious Clay, Soil, Rushes Marble
buildings

Metals and Timber were Stone and Timber are rare

Building Materials imported and imported

Mud Bricks for Palaces

(Reeds, Papyrus, palm Mud Bricks for affluent; Reeds
branch ribs, plastered over for poor
with clay)

Ziggurat (Temple)
- Archaic, 2 or More stage
Ziggurat, 7 Stages Square
Ziggurat
Temples - for worship or - Considered as the houses of
presence of Deity the Gods
Monolith (Menhir) -
single upright stone - Huge Pyramidal Temple
*Cult - built for worship of Shaped tower dedicated to
House of Gods/Deity Megalith (Dolmen,
a god (deity) the God of the City
Cromlech, Stone Circle *Mortuary - Built for
and Stone Row) Worship of Deceased King Ziggurat of UR
or Pharoah -Dedicated to the moon god
(Nanna), patron god city of
the Ur.
-Mud Bricks, build by Ur-
Nammu

Pyramid
Tomb of Deity 1. Step Pyramid Tholos a.k.a. Dromos
2. Bent Pyramid
3. Slope Pyramid

Tomb for Nobility and Royal Tumuli or Borrows

Mastaba
Family

Rock Cult - like sculpture

Tombs of the Kings (ex. Great Temple of Abu Rock Cut;
Simbel)

Palaces
- Center of Government
- Built by Kings for their City
Government Buildings - Seraglio - Palace Proper
- Haram - Private Chamber
- Khan - Service Chamber

Palace of Sargon

Persopolis
Cities - Conquered by Kings
- Hall of hundred Columns
 Gate/ Entrance Obelisk - found in entrance; Propylaea Gates of Lion, Mycenae,
Pylon Propylon

Kings Residence Seraglio Megaron; Palaces

/ Mens Apartment
Womens Apartment Harem

Inn Khan Thalamus

Market Place, political

business and economic life

Chief Building
Statue or ornament in Apex of
Roof

Open air structure, Orchestra

Public Monuments
Senate House
Council House

General Assembly

Theater Bldg for Musician

Foot Race Course and Other

Athletic performances

For Hourse and Chariot

Racing
Wrestling School
Bathouse
Physical Exercise
Picture Gallery
Sculpture Gallery
Private Bath
Cooling Room
Warm room
Hot water bath

Gladdiator Combat
 Romanesque Archi
Classical (8th-12th Cent
Byzantine Saracenic
Greek Architecture Roman Architecture Architecture Architecture
Italy
(8th Century BC - 2nd Century) (2nd Century - 4th Century) (4th-6th Century) (7th Century)
Greek Arch or Hellenic Pisa
Period xxx Early Christian Cathedral

SIMPLICITY AND Taj Mahal Combi of Roman and Byza

lack Sea and Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea RICHNESS *SOBER AND
GROTESQUE *SOBER AND DIGNIFIE

Etruscan

Roman

Rectangular Rectangular, Circular and Polygonal Rectangular Circular, Cross, Latin Cross Plan
Polygonal - Octagonal

* Large Windows
* Domical *High pitch roof and Flat
* Ribbed Vaulting,
* Gold Mosaic Decor. * Rib and Panel Vaultin
* Arcades * Colored Columns *Onion shaped dome Corbelled Arched
* Timber Trussed Roof *Horshoe Arch
* Bell Tower or Campanile * No Campanile and * Rose Window and Wheel W
Atrium * With Monastery at sid
*Horseshoe arch
Marble Concrete Brick, rubble for Stone, brick, marble
concrete

Marble

Diwan means Palace

Temples
-Naos
-Pronaos
-Epinaos

Temenos a.k.a Citadel and

Acropolis
became Propylaea
meaning it is more Minaret (Tall Tower)
complex that propylon

Dar
Palaces - house the emperors
Harem

Domus - private house; family

apartments
Dema House - private Villa - Country House; Luxurious
housr Insula or Apartment Block -
Werkmen's Dwelling

Agora Forum

Temple

Theater

Stoa
Prytaneion
Bouleuterion
Assembly House;
Megapolis
Odeion or Open (Greek)
Odeion
Theater

Stadium

Xytus or Public park with Avenues of

Hippodrom Trees;
Palaestra
Gymnasium - function as Thermae
school
Palaestra
Pinacotheca
Glypthoteca
Balneum
Frigidarium
tepidarium
Calidarium
Amphi Theater or Colosseum;
eliptical in plan
Pons
 Romanesque Architecture Gothic
(8th-12th Century) (13th-15th Century)

Germany and Germany and

France England Italy France England Italian French German
English
Medieval
Notre Dame du Milan Notre Dame Cologne St. Peter's Basilica Palai de Louvre
Port Worms Cathedral Cathedral Cathedral Cathedral Villa Rotunda Palais de Vesailles Walhala Temple

Combi of Roman and Byzantine Between Rebirth or Revival of the Roman Classical Arts; D
Romanesque and Lofty and Aspiring Quality Renaissance Ar
*SOBER AND DIGNIFIED Gothic

Latin Cross Plan Latin Cross Plan Regular Order and Symmetry, emphasis on

Scroll
* Large Windows * Pointed Arch Birthplace in Florence Wreath
*High pitch roof and Flat Roof
* Geometrical and * Rib and Panel vaulting *Rustication Chaines - Vert. stripe
* Rib and Panel Vaulting * large windows
Corbelled Arched Flowing Tracery * Tracery Windows *Piano Nobile of ruscticated * High Pitched roof
* Fan Vaults and * Flying Buttress *Cortille Masonry
* Rose Window and Wheel Window Pendant Vaults * Stained Glass *Pieta Forte - exterior * large windows *tall chimneys
* With Monastery at side
*Horseshoe arch * Spires and Pinnacles brown stone * High Pitched roof
*tall chimneys
Stone, brick, marble Stucco Stone, Brick Brick
Palace a.k.a. Palais
 Renaissance
(15th-18th Century)

Belgium and Dutch Spain English Russian Austraillian

Baroque
(17th to Early 18th Century)
Elizabethan Mansion Winter Palace -
S. Michael Louvain Granada Cathedral St. Paul's Cathedral St Petersburg Sydney Opera House

* Illusionism
* curvlinear movement
Revival of the Roman Classical Arts; Dignity and Formality as shown in SYMMETRY * spatial element
Renaissance Arch. Palladio *bizzare details
*geometry
*columnar facade

a.k.a Plateresque
Style

ar Order and Symmetry, emphasis on horizontal, Ornaments, classical details

* Low pitched roof * Grand Staircase

* Small Windows * Great Hall * Architectural Flowery
* Sculpture
* Courtyards * Long Gallery
Freestone, Grey Color,
limestone and slate, sandstones and
* Flemish Bond limestones, Bricks
 Post Renaisance
American
Architecture
(1790-1914) Contemporary
Rococo Neo Classicism
(17th to Early 18th Century) (Mid-18th to Early 19th Century)

* curvlinear elegance Revival of Greek and More of

* sprightliness Antique Style

Late Baroque

* Assymetrical Surface
* three bays set of by * Barrel Vaulted Nave * Truncated
pilasters * Pyramids
* fanciful curving
Bricks, stone, rubble
and sand
 China

India
Xia period Shang Dynasty Zhou Period Qin period ISLAM

Public works project,

Indus Valley Pit Houses Aristocratic large walled cities Great wall of china

MIHRAB - A Niche;
Round and Rectangular Rectangular post beam square or rectangular in PRAYER chamer
houses plan
mosque - prayer area

* Islamic Murqana
(Stalactite Corbel)
* meda or fountain
* Gunbad i Kharka -
domed chamber used as
reception hall for the
monarch
Vernacular Terms
Tribunales Town Halls
Cal y Canto Stone and mortars
Kalanga Small Veranda - kalinga
Otop Roofs of Kalinga
Balai bahay
Kobo Tagalog, mountain houses
Bahay Kubo aka Nipa Hut
Mudejar Christianized Moors
Khatib Muslim Teacher
Imam Prayer Leader
Maestros de Obras Architects
Pacquio Pakyaw (Contractual System)
Zaguan Vestibule
Entresuelo Mezzanine Area
Escalera Wooden Staircase
Caida Veranda - bahay na bato
Cocina Kitchen
Banguera walkway connect to kitchen
Latrina Toilet
paliguan Bathroom
Batalan water jar or storage
Azotea Outdoor Terrace
balon well
Aljibe Cistern
galeria volada or corredor Corridor
Accesoria Apartment for workers
Vivienda Units
Almacen Warehouse
Camarin Storehouse
Tsalet innovative hybrid house
Bangala Bunggalow

English Terms
Francesco di Giorgio and Leonardo Birds Eye View Perspective
De Re Aedificatoria Alrberti's
Capomaestro Foreman
Abraham Darby III Iron founder
Quatro Librii Del Architectura (The 4
books of Architecture) Andrea Palladio
Michaelangelo Mannerist
Palladio two most influential Arch'ts
duing mid century of
Michaelangelo Renaissance
 Bontoc House
Houses for rich families Fayu
Houses for Poor Families Katyufong
Common House Afung

Theoretical basis to Renaissance Architecture

Harmonious Proportions
plastic approach to wall mass, his spatial innovations
and fantastic sculptural details
 Ifugao Kalinga Kankanay Maranao Bahay na Bato
Bale/Fale Binayon/Finaryon Binangiyan Mala a walai Acce
Abong Apa/Inapa or Allao Torogan - Sultan's house
Foruy Lawig