Muhammad Zain Abbas 20-10098

The scientific methods are the ways in which scientists follow the steps to answer the questions and
solve the problem in hand. The purpose of the scientific method is to have a systematic way of testing
ideas and reporting results in the process of scientific inquiry. Steps used for all investigations are similar
but the order in which steps are followed may vary.

The scientific method consists of six steps:

1 Ask Question

2 Construct hypothesis

3 Test the hypothesis and collect data

4 Analyze the results

5 Draw conclusion

6 Communicate results

Application of scientific methods in the light of daily examples

Hypothetical scenario 1

Growing bean plants:

In the example of growing bean plants scientific method can be applied to study the growth of the bean
plant.

Ask questions: The question which comes to one’s mind that if a bean plant will grow more quickly
outside or inside. To observe the entire experiment a timeline of three to four weeks will be required.

Construct Hypothesis: The null hypothesis says that there will be no difference between growing plants
in outdoor and indoor. The alternate hypothesis says that there is a significant difference in the growth
of indoor and outdoor plants.

Testing the Hypothesis and Collect Data:

Plant five to six bean plants in similar pots using the identical type of soil. Place three of these in an
outdoor location, and remaining in the indoor location. Be ensuring that all the plants of different
locations get same amount of light. Take care of all the plants in the same manner like giving them same
amount of water etc. The care of these plants would continue for three to four weeks which is an
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experimental period. Observe the plants and measure their growth. Be precise while recording their
growth.

Analyze the results: Review the data and determine how the indoor and outdoor plants growth
progressed over the period of observation that is three to four weeks. Take averages so that the number
could be used for indoor and outdoor plant growth.

Draw Conclusion: Based on the observations made and data collected come to the conclusion that
which plant can grow quickly, indoor or outdoor plant.

Hypothetical scenario 2

Freezing Water

Consider how the scientific method applies in this simple experiment with freezing water under two
different conditions.

Ask Question: I want to know if water freezes faster on its own or with sugar added to it.

Construct Hypothesis: The null hypothesis says that there won’t be any difference in freezing water
whether or not sugar is added to it. The alternative hypothesis says that there is a substantial difference
in time in freezing water if sugar is added to it.

Test Hypothesis and Collect the results: Take two containers and fill them with water of room
temperature. Add some quantity of sugar in one of the container. Place both the containers in the
freezer. At a regular interval of say 30 minutes open the freezer and check for the freezing of water.
Continue observing the condition of water in both the containers until the water completely freezes in
the both the containers. Write down the time taken when each container of water completely freezes.

Analyze the results:

Look at the time it took for each container of water to freeze. Did the water added sugar take a longer
period of time as compared to the one without sugar to freez?

Draw Conclusion:

Based on the observations noted by you during the experiment, make a conclusion whether water with
sugar takes a longer time, lesser time or equal time to freeze with water without sugar.
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Hypothetical Scenario 3

What melts ice the fastest?

Question to ask:

I want to know does ice melts faster in different liquids?

Construct Hypothesis

Null hypothesis will be that Ice melts faster in juice than in water. Whereas alternative hypothesis will be
that Ice melts slower in juice than in water.

Test hypothesis and collect the results:

Take two containers and put juice in one container and normal water in another container. Submerge
few ice cubes in juice and some in normal water. Be sure that the temperature of juice and normal
water should be the same. Note the timings when each ice cube completely melts.

Analyze the results

Check whether the ice cubes present in juice took longer time or the ones which were in normal water.
This is done to reach to a conclusion about our observations while conduction of the experiment.

Conclusion

Based on the results noted during analysis come up to a conclusion whether it takes longer to melt ice
cube in juices or in normal water.