MSTR13

USN 1 M S
RAMAIAH
INSTITUTE OF (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
TECHNOLOGY Bangalore – 560 054

MAKEUP EXAMINATIONS – MARCH 2017

Course & Branch : M.Tech: Structural Engineering Semester : I
Subject : Mechanics of Deformable Bodies Max. Marks : 100
Subject Code : MSTR13 Duration : 3 Hrs

Instructions to the Candidates:

• Answer one full question from each unit.
• Missing data may be assumed suitably.
UNIT – I
1. a) The strain tensor at a point in a body is given by, (10)

Determine,
i) Octahedral normal and shearing strains
ii) Deviator and spherical strain tensors.
b) Derive the equations of equilibrium for 2D problems in Cartesian coordinates (10)
with a neat sketch.

2. a) When the stress tensor at a point with reference to axes (x,y,z) is given by the (10)
matrix,

Check when transformation of the axes by 380 with respect to x-axis, the stress
invariants remain unchanged or not.
b) Derive an expression for two-dimensional state of strain at a point. (10)

UNIT – II
3. a) Evaluate the stress polynomial with 4th degree with usual notations. And plot (14)
the stresses on rectangular plate of size (l x 2C).
b) The measurement of a strained by yield the following, εx= εy= εz=0.002 in the (06)

2 1  3 −1 
direction ,0, the strain is 0.004,  , , 0  the strain is 0.003,
5 5  10 10 
 1 1 1 
 , ,  the strain is 0.001, calculate the  xy ,  yz ,  zx . .
 3 3 3

4. a) What is mean by strain Rosettes? Explain with an example (04)

b) Investigate what problem of plane stress is solved by the following function (16)

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 MSTR13
UNIT- III
5. a) Derive the differential equilibrium equations in polar coordinates. (10)
b) A steel cylinder which has an internal diameter of 860mm is subjected to an (10)
internal pressure of 4.5MPa. Calculate the wall thickness if the maximum
shearing stress is not to exceed 27MPa.

6. Discuss the effect of a circular hole on the stress distribution in an infinite plate (20)
subjected to tensile stress in X-direction only and hence evaluate the stress
concentration factor.

UNIT- IV
7. a) Illustrate the general solution of the torsion problem. (12)
b) Explain the membrane analogy with neat sketch and enlist the advantages in (08)
solving torsion problems.

8. A two-celled tube as shown in the Figure (1) is subjected to a torque of (20)

60Km. Determine the shear stress in each part and angle of twist per meter
length. Take modulus of rigidity of the material as 30GN/m 2 and length of tube
is 5m.

Figure (1)

UNIT- V
9. a) The state of stress at a point is given by σx=95Mpa, σy=160MPa and (10)
τxy=55MPa. If yield strength of material is 300MPa, Check whether yielding will
occur or not according to Tresca’s and Von Mises’s theory.
b) Discuss the various theories of failure with neat sketches. (10)

10. Write a short note on the following; (20)

i) Principle of Superposition
ii) Plastic stress-strain relation
iii) Strain transformation
iv) Compatibility condition.

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 MSTR13
USN 1 M S
RAMAIAH
INSTITUTE OF (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
TECHNOLOGY Bangalore – 560 054

SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS – JANUARY 2017

Course & Branch : M.Tech: Structural Engineering Semester : I
Subject : Mechanics of Deformable Bodies Max. Marks : 100
Subject Code : MSTR13 Duration : 3 Hrs

Instructions to the Candidates:

• Answer one full question from each unit.
• Missing data may be assumed suitably.
UNIT – I
1. a) Explain strain at a point. Obtain the strain displacement relation for two (10)
dimensional problems in Cartesian coordinates.
b) The state-of-stress at a point is given by the following array of terms: (10)

Determine the principal stresses and principal directions.

2. a) Show that equilibrium equation in terms of displacements for the case of two (12)
dimensions in the absence of body forces is
 2u  2u (1 +  )  u v
+ + ( + )=0
x 2 y 2 (1 −  ) x x y
b) The components of strain at a point in a body are given by (08)
 x = 0.005,  y = 0.004,  z = −0.002,  xy = 0.001,  yz = 0.0005,  zx = 0.002.
If E=2x105N/mm2 and μ=0.25, Determine the stress tensor using generalized
Hook’s law.
UNIT – II

3. a) Explain plane strain problem with suitable examples. Derive the compatibility (12)
equation in terms of stress for plane strain case.
b) H x
Show that the stress function = y tan −1 ( ) represents solution for a two (08)
 y
dimensional problems in Cartesian coordinates.

F 2
4. a) Show that the function  =− xy (3d − 2 y) is a stress function. Investigate (10)
d3
what problem can be solved when applied to the region included in y=0,y=d
and x=0,x=l.
b) Show that for a simply supported beam, length 2L, depth 2a and unit width, (10)
loaded by a concentrated load W at the centre, the stress function satisfying
b
the loading condition is  = xy3 + cxy the positive direction of y being
6
upwards, and x = 0 at mid span.

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 MSTR13
UNIT- III
5. a) If  = A log r + Br log r + cr + D
2 2
is a stress function, obtain the expressions (10)
for radial and hoop stresses in a thick cylinder of external radius ‘b’ and
internal radius ‘a’ when subjected to internal and external pressure.
b) A curved bar is of rectangular cross section 100mmx150mm.The radius of its (10)
inner surface is 200mm.Calculate the radial and hoop stresses in the bar at the
inside surface when subjected to a bending moment of 5kN-m.

6. a) What are axisymmetric problems?.Obtain the stress strain relations and strain (08)
displacement relationship for axisymmetric problems.
b) A solid disc of radius 150mm is rotating at a speed of 2500rpm.Determine the (12)
radial and hoop stresses in the disc if ν=0.3 and ρ=8000kg/m 3.if a hole of
20mm radius is bored at the centre of the disc, then determine the stresses in
the disc.

UNIT- IV
7. a) Explain Membrane analogy applied to narrow rectangular section. (08)
 
2 2
b) Derive the differential equation + = −2G for a torsion problem in (12)
x 2 y 2
elasticity, when ϕ(x, y) is constant along the boundary of the cross section.

8. A two-cell tube as shown in the Fig:1 is subjected to a torque of 10kN-m. (20)

Determine the Shear Stress in each part and angle of twist per metre length.
Take modulus of rigidity of the material as 83 kN/mm2.

Fig:1

UNIT- V
9. a) Distinguish between Elastic perfectly Plastic, Elastic-Linear Work Hardening (06)
Rigid-Perfectly Plastic and Rigid Linear work hardening behavior.
b) A steel bolt is subjected to a bending moment of 200N-m and a Torque of (14)
120N-m.If the yield stress in tension for the bolt material is 250MN/m 2,
determine the diameter of the bolt according to i. Tresca yield criteria and
ii. Von Mises yield criteria.

10. a) Discuss the yield criteria and flow rules for perfectly plastic and strain (12)
hardening materials.
b) A bolt is subjected to an axial pull of 8kN together with a direct shear of (08)
3kN.Estimate the diameter of the bolt according to i. Rankine’s theory
ii.Saint Venant’s theory if E=2x105N/mm2 , μ=0.3,Factor of safety is =3 and
Elastic limit in simple tension is 270N/mm2.
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 MSTR13
USN 1 M S
RAMAIAH
INSTITUTE OF (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
TECHNOLOGY Bangalore – 560 054

SUPPLEMENTARY SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS – AUGUST 2017

Course & Branch : M.Tech: Structural Engineering Semester : I
Subject : Mechanics of Deformable Bodies Max. Marks : 100
Subject Code : MSTR13 Duration : 3 Hrs

Instructions to the Candidates:

• Answer one full question from each unit.
• Missing data may be assumed suitably.
UNIT – I
1. a) Derive the equations of two-dimensional state of stress at a point. (10)
b) For the given state of stress, determine the principal stresses and their (10)
directions with respect to major and minor principal stresses.
σx=1.3 σy =1.9 σz=2.2
τxy=1.0 τyz= 1.21 τzx=0.8

2. a) The strain tensor at a point in a body as given by: (08)

10 25 55
 ij 25 33 42 x10− 4
55 42 60
Determine,
i) Octahedral normal and shearing strains
ii) Deviator and spherical strain tensors.
b) Derive the compatibility equation for a plane strain problem. (12)

UNIT – II
3. a) If the displacement field in a body is given as u=(2x 2+3)10-3, v= 3.2y2z10-3 (08)
and w=(2x+3z)10-3, find out the strain components at a point whose
coordinates are (2,3,5).
T  x
b) The given stress function,  =   y tan −1   , determine whether stress (12)
  y
function  is admissible, if so determine the stresses.

4. a) Show that for a simply supported beam of length ‘l’ depth ‘2h’ and unit width is (16)
loaded by a concentrated load at mid span, the stress function is,
bxy3 +h w
=
6
+ Cxy, , assume −h
Txy dy = −
2
on each half length of the beam. Also

find the stress in the beam.

b) Distinguish between plane stress and plane strain. (04)

UNIT- III
5. a) A steel cylinder which has an internal diameter of 1050mm is subjected to an (15)
internal pressure of 8.5MPa. Calculate the wall thickness if the maximum
shearing stress is not to exceed 38MPa.
b) What is mean by Axisymmetric problem? Explain with example (05)

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 MSTR13
6. a) Derive an expression for thick walled Cylinder subjected to Internal and (10)
External Pressures with usual notations.
b) A solid disk of radius 200mm is rotating at a speed of 3000rpm. Determine the (10)
radius and hoop stress in the disk if µ=0.3 and ρ=8000kg/m3. Also, determine
the stress in the disc if a hole of 30mm is bored at the centre of the disc.

UNIT- IV
7. Derive the equation of for torsion of Elliptical cross section. (20)

8. A two-celled tube as shown in the Figure (1) is subjected to a torque of (20)

45Km. Determine the shear stress in each part of the elements and angle of
twist per meter length. Take modulus of rigidity of the material as 30GN/m2
and length of tube is 3m.

Figure (1)

UNIT- V
9. a) Illustrate the different theories of failure in an element. (12)
b) A cross-section area of bolt is required to resist tension force of 21kN and (08)
transverse shear of the same magnitude. Calculate the safe diameter of the
bolt by using Maximum shear stress theory and Maximum principal stress
theory.

10. Write a short note on the following: (20)

i) Yield criteria
ii) Plastic torsion
iii) Strain transformation and principal strain.
iv) Residual Stresses.

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 MSTR13
USN 1 M S
RAMAIAH (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of Karnataka)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A’ Grade

SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS – JANUARY 2018

Course & Branch : M.Tech : Structural Engineering Semester : I
Subject : Mechanics of Deformable Bodies Max. Marks : 100
Subject Code : MSTR13 Duration : 3 Hrs

Instructions to the Candidates:

• Answer one full question from each unit.
• Assume any missing data suitably.

UNIT- I
1. a) Derive the equations of two-dimensional state of stress at a point. (10)
b) For the given state of stress, determine the principal stresses and their (10)
directions for Major and Minor stresses only.
σx=25 σy=31 σz=55
τxy=18 τyz=22 τzx=33

2. a) Derive the equations of two-dimensional state of strain at a point. (12)

b) The measurement of a strained by yield the following, εx= εy= εz=0.005 in the (08)
 2 1   3 −1 
direction  ,0,  the strain is 0.006,  ,0,  the strain is 0.004,
 5 5  10 10 
 1 1 1 
 , ,  the strain is 0.002, calculate the xy, yz, zx .
 3 3 3
UNIT- II
3. a) Describe the compatibility condition with respect to elastic body. (05)
b) Show that for a simply supported beam of length ‘l’ depth ‘2h’ and unit width is (15)
loaded by a concentrated load at mid span, the stress function is,
bxy3 +h w
=
6
+ Cxy , , assume 
−h
 xy dy = −
2
on each half length of the beam. Also,

find the stress in the beam.

4. Derive the expression for bending of a Cantilever beam subjected to a point (20)
load at the free.

UNIT- III
5. Derive an expression for stresses in a rotating solid and annular disk from the (20)
fundamentals.

6. a) A thick cylinder of inner diameter is 400mm and 30mm thick is subjected to an (08)
internal pressure of 28N/mm2. Determine the radial and hoop stresses in the
cylinder at the inner and outer surfaces.
b) Determine the stress components  r ,  , r . Is the following function as stress (12)

function?

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 MSTR13
UNIT- IV
7. a) Derive the equation of for torsion of Elliptical cross section with usual notions. (12)
b) A T beam section shown in Fig.7(a) and is subjected by torque of 5000N-m. (08)
Evaluate maximum shear stress developed and the angle of twist per unit
length. If the T beam is stiffened by welding a bottom plate 12mm thick as
shown in Fig.7(b) find the maximum shear stress developed and the angle of
twist per unit length. Assume G=12kN/mm2.

Fig.7 (a) (b)

8. A two-cell tube as shown in the Fig.(8) is subjected to a torque of 150Nm. (20)

Determine the shear stress in each part and angle of twist per meter length.
Take modulus of rigidity of the material as 42GN/m 2 and length of tube
is 2.2m.

Fig. (8)

UNIT- V
9. a) A circular shaft of inner radius 80mm and outer radius 140mm is subjected to a (10)
twisting couple, so that the outer 20mm deep shell yields plastically. Determine
the twisting couple applied to the shaft, if the yield stress for the shaft material
is 185 MPa. Also, determine the couple for full yielding.
b) Discuss the various theories of failure with neat sketches and Explain how (10)
failure theories are helpful to practical point of view?

10. Write a short note on the following: (20)

i) Plastic torsion
ii) Stress tensor and Stress invariants
iii) Surface and body forces
iv) Principle of superposition.

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 MSTR13
USN 1 M S
RAMAIAH (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
Institute of Technology (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of Karnataka)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A’ Grade

SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS – JANUARY 2019

Course & Branch : M.Tech. : Structural Engineering Semester : I
Subject : Mechanics of Deformable Bodies Max. Marks : 100
Subject Code : MSTR13 Duration : 3 Hrs

Instructions to the Candidates:

• Answer one full question from each unit.
• Assume any missing data suitably.

UNIT- I
1. a) Derive the equations of equilibrium for 3D problems in Cartesian coordinates. (12)
b) Explain briefly principal stresses in three dimensions with usual notations. (08)

2. a) When the stress tensor at a point with reference to axes (x,y,z) is given by the (12)
matrix,

Show that by transformation of the axes by 55 0 with respect to x-axis,

(clockwise direction)
b) The following are the principal stresses at a point in a stressed body. Taking (08)
E=2.1x105MPa and µ=0.25, calculate the volumetric strain and the Lame’s
constants. σ1=250MPa σ2 =180MPa σ3=145MPa.

UNIT- II
3. a) Describe the applications of polynomials in stress functions with examples. (06)
  −1  x 
b) The given stress function  =   y tan   , determine whether stress (14)
  y
function is admissible. If so, determine the stresses.

4. a) What is meant by strain Rosettes? Explain with examples. (06)

b) Investigate what problem of plane stress is solved by the following function? (14)
3F  3 y 2  Py 2
=  xy − +
4C  3C 2  2

UNIT- III
5. a) Given the following stress function, (10)

Determine the stress components  r , and r

b) Derive an expression for a thick walled cylinder subjected to internal and (10)
external pressures with usual notations.

6. a) A thick cylinder of inner diameter is 550mm and 35mm thick is subjected to an (08)
internal pressure of 32N/mm2. Determine the radial and hoop stresses in the
cylinder at the inner and outer surfaces.
b) Derive the differential equilibrium equations in polar coordinates with usual (12)
notations.

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 MSTR13
UNIT- IV
7. a) Derive the equation for torsion of Elliptical cross section with usual notions. (12)
b) A Channel section shown in Fig. 7b(i) thickness of channel is 16 mm (08)
throughout and is subjected by torque of 3.5kN-m. Evaluate maximum shear
stress developed and the angle of twist per unit length. If the channel is
stiffened by welding a side plate 16mm thick as shown in Fig. 7b(ii) find the
maximum shear stress developed and the angle of twist per unit length.
Assume G=16kN/mm2.

Fig. 7b(i) Fig. 7b(ii)

8. a) Describe the general solution of the torsion problem with usual notations. (12)
b) Determine the twist of the tube with usual notations. (08)

UNIT- V
9. a) Illustrate various theories of failures with neat sketches showing 1D, 2D and (10)
3D stress - states.
b) The state of stress at a point is given by σx=85MPa, σy=148MPa and (10)
τxy=43MPa. If yield strength of material is 140MPa, check whether yielding will
occur or not according to Tresca’s and Von Mises’s theories.

10. Write short notes on the following: (20)

i) Principle of superposition?
ii) Octahedral stresses
iii) Plastic Torsion
iv) Perfect Plasticity.

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 MSTR13
USN 1 M S
RA MAIAH (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
Institute of Technology (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of Karnataka)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A’ Grade

SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS – JANUARY 2020

Program : M.Tech: Structural Engineering Semester : I
Course Name : Mechanics of Deformable Bodies Max. Marks : 100
Course Code : MSTR13 Duration : 3 Hrs

Instructions to the Candidates:

• Answer one full question from each unit.
• Assume any missing data suitably.

UNIT- I
1. a) Derive the expression for strain at a point in a line element with usual CO1 (10)
notations.
b) The Stress components at a point in a body are given by: CO1 (10)
σ x = 3 xy z + 2 x
2

σ y = 5 xyz + 3 y
σ z = x2 y + y2z
τ xy = 0
τ yz = τ xz = 3 xy 2 + 2 xy
Determine whether these components of stress satisfy the equilibrium
equations or not at the point (1, -1, 2). If not then determine the
suitable body force required at this point so that these stress
components are under equilibrium.

2. a) Derive the compatibility equation for stress components with usual CO1 (10)
notations.
b) The strain tensor at a point in a body is given by: CO1 (10)
0.015 0.008 0.01 
[ε ]
ij
0.008 0.02 0.009
 
 0.01 0.009 0.045
Determine:
i) Octahedral normal and shearing strains
ii) Deviator and spherical strain tensors.

UNIT- II
3. a) If the displacement field in a body is given as u=(6x2+3)10-3, CO2 (10)
v= (6y2+8z)10-3 and w=(2x+3z)10-3, find out the strain components at
a point whose coordinates are (2,3,5).
 F  2
b) Given the stress function: φ = − 2 
xz (3d − 2 z ) . Determine the CO2 (10)
d 
stress components and sketch their variations in a region included in
z =0, z = d, x = 0, on the side x positive.

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 MSTR13
4. a) Show that the following stress function satisfies the boundary condition CO2 (15)
in a beam of rectangular cross-section of width 2h and depth d under a
total shear force W.

 W 
φ = − 3
xy 2 (3d − 2 y )
 2hd 
b) Describe the applications of polynomials with examples. CO2 (05)

UNIT- III
5. a) Describe in detail about Axisymmetric problem with examples. CO3 (08)
b) A steel cylinder that has an internal diameter of 1100mm is subjected CO3 (12)
to an internal pressure of 8.9MPa. Calculate the wall thickness if the
maximum shearing stress is not to exceed 50MPa. For same above said
data calculate the thickness of cylinder if it is subjected only with
external pressure, the value is about 8.9 MPa.

6. Derive an expression for stresses in a rotating solid and annular disk CO3 (20)
with usual notations.

UNIT- IV
7. a) Derive the equation for torsion of Circular cross-section by inverse CO4 (12)
method.
b) A T beam section is shown in Fig.7b(i) and is subjected by a torque of CO4 (08)
10KN-m. Evaluate maximum shear stress developed and the angle of
twist per unit length. If the T beam is stiffened by welding a bottom
plate 12mm thick as shown in Fig.7b(ii) find the maximum shear stress
developed and the angle of twist per unit length. Assume
2
G=16kN/mm .

Fig.7b(i) Fig.7b(ii)

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 MSTR13
8. A two-cell tube as shown in Fig. 8 is subjected to a torque of 85 N-m. CO4 (20)
Determine the shear stress in each part and angle of twist per meter
length. Take modulus of rigidity of the material as 55GN/m2 and length
of tube is 1.45m.

Fig. 8

UNIT- V
9. a) Illustrate the different theories of failure in an element. CO5 (12)
b) A cross-section of the bolt is required to resist tension of 32kN and CO5 (08)
transverse shear of the same magnitude. Estimate the design diameter
of the bolt by using Maximum shear stress theory and Maximum
principal stress theory Assume stress at elastic limit of material is
taken as 350 N/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio=0.25.

10. Write a short note on the following: CO5 (20)

i) Yield criteria
ii) Stress-strain curves of different materials
iii) Strain transformation and principal strain.
iv) Residual Stresses.

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 MSTR13
USN 1 M S
RA MAIAH (Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
Institute of Technology (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of Karnataka)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A’ Grade

EXAMINATIONS SEPTEMBER /OCTOBER 2020

SUPPLEMENTARY SEMESTER / GRADE IMPROVEMENT/
RE –REGISTERED CANDIDATES
Program : M.Tech: Structural Engineering Semester : I
Course Name : Mechanics of Deformable Bodies Max. Marks : 100
Course Code : MSTR13 Duration : 3 Hrs

Instructions to the Candidates:

• Answer one full question from each unit.
• Assume any missing data suitably.

UNIT- I
1. a) Explain briefly principal stresses in three dimensions with usual CO1 (08)
notations.
b) The strain tensor at a point in a body as given by: CO1 (12)
18 40 55 
ε ij  =  40 38 49  X 10−4
 
 55 49 67 
Determine the principal strain and their directions.

2. a) Derive the equations of equilibrium for two-dimensional problems in CO1 (10)

Cartesian coordinates.
b) At a point in a body, the stress field is given by: CO1 (10)

σ X = 22 x 3 + 8 y 2 , σ y = 28 x 3 + 250,σ z = 32 y 2 + 50 z 3 ,σ X = 22 x 3 + 8 y 2 , τ xy = z ,
τ yz = x 3 ,τ zx = y 3

Determine whether these stress components are in equilibrium or not. If

not, bring out the suitable body force vector required at this point, such
that the stress field is in equilibrium.

UNIT- II
3. a) What is mean by Strain Rosettes? Explain with examples. CO2 (06)
b) Evaluate the stress polynomial with 4th degree with usual notations. And CO2 (14)
plot the stresses on a rectangular plate of size (l x 2C).

4. a) Describe plane stress and plane strain with examples. CO2 (06)
b) Derive the expression for bending of a cantilever beam subjected to a CO2 (14)
point load at the free end with usual notations cross-section of beam
element taken as b=1 and d=2C.

UNIT- III
5. Derive the expressions for effect of a circular hole on the stress CO3 (20)
distribution in an infinite plate subjected to tensile stress in X-direction
only and hence evaluate the stress concentration factor.

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 MSTR13
6. a) Derive the differential equilibrium equations in polar coordinates. CO3 (12)
b) A thick cylinder of inner diameter is 400mm and 30mm thick is subjected CO3 (08)
to an internal pressure of 38N/mm2 and external pressure 8N/mm2.
Determine the radial and hoop stresses in the cylinder at the inner and
outer surfaces.

UNIT- IV
7. a) Derive the warping function for torsion of a prismatic bar in the form, CO4 (14)
∂ϕ ∂ϕ
2 2
+ =0
∂x 2 ∂y 2
b) Discuss the Prandtl’s membrane analogy and its advantages in solving CO4 (06)
torsion problems.

8. A thin-walled steel section shown in Fig.8 is subjected to a twisting CO4 (20)

moment T=8000N-mm and take N=0.95x105 N/mm2. Calculate the
maximum shear stresses in the walls and the angle of twist per unit
length of section and thickness of the wall is 5mm uniformly.
A B C

5mm
250mm 1 2

F E D
300mm 200mm

Fig. 8

UNIT- V
9. a) Write a short note on theories of failure. CO5 (10)
b) A circular shaft of inner radius 40mm and outer radius 100mm is CO5 (10)
subjected to a twisting couple, so that the outer 20mm deep shell yields
plastically. Determine the twisting couple applied to the shaft, if the yield
stress for the shaft material is 145 MPa. Also, determine the couple for
full yielding.

10. Write a short note on the following: CO5 (20)

i) Perfect Plasticity
ii) Plastic stress-strain relation
iii) Stress tensor and Stress invariants
iv) Strain transformation and principal strain.

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