The PLAGUE

01 02 03
Introduction The Organism Forms

04 05 06
Symptoms Transmission Treatment &
Prevention
01
INTRODUCTION
The Plague
 ABOUT THE DISEASE

The Plague
● One of the deadliest diseases
in human history, second only
to smallpox.
● The most notorious epidemics
in history, inciting fears of
plague’s use as a biological
weapon.
● Category A pathogen

© Retrieved from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/the-plague/

 ABOUT THE DISEASE

History
● 540~590 AD: Justinian’s pandemic
- 100 million deaths

● 1346~1400: Black Death pandemic

- 20 to 30 million deaths in Europe

● Between 1894 & 1903

- 12 million deaths in China & India

© Retrieved from: https://www.historytoday.com/archive/black-death-greatest-catastrophe-ever

02
The Organism
The Plague
 Yersinia Pestis
● Family Enterobacteriaceae

- Gram negative
- Non-motile
- Rod-shaped
- Coccobacillus bacterium

© Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestis#:~:text=Yersinia%20pestis%20(formerly%20Pasteurella%20pestis,rat%20flea%20(Xenopsylla%20cheopis).

 Yersinia Pestis

- Zoonotic bacteria
- Usually found in rodents

© Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestis#:~:text=Yersinia%20pestis%20(formerly%20Pasteurella%20pestis,rat%20flea%20(Xenopsylla%20cheopis).

03
Forms
The Plague
 Forms of Plaque

Bubonic Septicemic Pneumonic

The bacteria multiply in Skin and other tissues May develop from
the lymph node closest may turn black and die, untreated bubonic or
to where the bacteria especially on fingers, septicemic plague after
entered the human body. toes, and the nose. the bacteria spread to
the lungs.

© Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/plague/symptoms/index.html

 Black Death
- pandemic of bubonic plaque
- medieval Latin word bubo via Italian bilbo
- earned its name from a symptom: lymph
nodes that became blackened and
swollen after bacteria entered through the
skin.

© Retrieved from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/the-plague/

Bubonic Plague
Septicemic Plague
Pneumonic Plague
The Plague Doctor
● Wide Hat

● Bird’s Beak Mask

● Cane

● Cloak
04
Symptoms
The Plague
 Bubonic Plague
(appear about 2-5 days after exposure to bacteria)

Sneezing
Chills
Fever
Malaise
Headache
Muscle pain
Seizures
Buboes develop

© Retrieved from: http://nhdplague.weebly.com/symptoms.html

 Septicemic Plague
(may cause death before any symptoms occur)

Bleeding under the skin

Black fingers, toes, or nose
Fever
Chills
Weakness
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea (bloody)
Nausea
Vomiting
© Retrieved from: http://nhdplague.weebly.com/symptoms.html
 Pneumonic Plague
(appear 2-3 days after exposure)

Trouble breathing
Fever
Coughing up frothy blood
Pain in chest when breathing deeply
Severe cough

© Retrieved from: http://nhdplague.weebly.com/symptoms.html

05
Transmission
The Plague
 The Plague Transmissive
Aerogenic
Skin contact
Alimentary

© Retrieved from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/03/25/decoder-the-plague-islamic-state/

 Oriental rat flea

© Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/plague/resources/PlagueEcologyUS.pdf

 End of Plague

Theories…

- Genetic evolution

- Extinction

- Quarantine

- Modernization

© Retrieved from: https://allthatsinteresting.com/how-did-the-black-plague-end

06
Treatment & Prevention
The Plague
 TREATMENT

Medical Isolation Antibiotic

Hospitalized, and Streptomycin,
laboratory test Chloramphenicol

© Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/plague/healthcare/clinicians.html

 PREVENTION

Post-exposure Prophylaxis Flea-control Product

Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin Bug and skin repellant

Proper Sanitation PPE

Rodent-proof environment Safety protection - gloves

© Retrieved from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/plague-faq#2

 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

Rose Ann O. Mana

2019-300112
FMICPAR
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