Translated from Indonesian to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

com

1| PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021

ISSN (Online): 2598-2524
ISSN (Print): 2598-2060

AUD DEVELOPMENT THROUGH AUDIVISUALS DURING THE PPKM

(IMPACT OF COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES RESTRICTIONS)

Rahmi Rizkina 1), Citra Aulia Fitri 2), Khadija 3)

1
North Sumatra State Islamic University
Email : Rahmirizkina43@gmail.com
2
North Sumatra State Islamic University
Email : Citraauliafitri354@gmail.com
3
North Sumatra State Islamic University
E-mail: khadijah@uinsu.ac.id

Abstract
Early childhood development (AUD) is a process of progress experienced by
children as a whole, from the physical to the social emotional aspects of children. Early
age is a critical period for children because in this period the child's brain develops very
rapidly and can still change according to the formation of parents to environmental
factors. Many things affect aspects of early childhood development, namely parenting
that loves and cares for children to the fulfillment of their nutritional needs. Parents are
also required to ensure that the play environment is safe and can ensure that children
can live, learn, grow, and develop their potential.
During the PPKM period as it is today, it is very necessary to have some
appropriate strategies to support the process of developing Early Childhood Learning
(AUD). Nowadays, teachers need to formulate effective learning strategies by utilizing
existing technological advances, one of which is by using audiovisual media, namely.
Keywords : Early Childhood, Audivisual, PPKM Period

Abstract
Early childhood development is the progress experienced by the child as a whole,
starting from the physical aspect to the child's social and emotional aspect. Early age is
a critical period for children because in this period the child's brain develops very
rapidly and can still change according to the formation of parents to environmental
factors. Many things affect aspects of early childhood development, namely parenting
that loves and cares for children to the fulfillment of their nutritional needs. Parents are
also required to ensure that the play environment is safe and can ensure that children
can live, learn, grow, and develop their potential.
During the PPKM period as it is today, some appropriate strategies are needed to
support the development process of Early Childhood Learning (AUD). Nowadays,
teachers need to formulate effective learning strategies by utilizing existing
technological advances, one of which is by using audiovisual media, namely.
Keywords: Early Childhood, Audivisual, PPKM Period

Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah


1. PRELIMINARY
A. Background
Early childhood education is
essentially an education that is
held with the aim of facilitating
the growth and development of
children as a whole or
emphasizing on the development
of all aspects of the child's
personality. Early childhood
education is a process of fostering
the growth and development of
children from birth to six years as
a whole which includes physical
and non-physical aspects by
providing stimulation for proper
physical, spiritual (moral and
spiritual), motor, mental,
emotional and social development
so that children grow and develop
optimally.
After 1.5 years of the COVID-
19 pandemic attacking the world,
various bad effects occurred. One
of the most worrying is its effect
onchild development. From a
health perspective to a mental
one.
Therefore, the development of
early childhood also deserves
more attention from the adults
around them, so that children can
still grow and develop according
to their age.
According to Zaman and
Eliyawati (2010) Media in the
learning process can enhance
student learning processes in
learning which in turn is expected
to enhance the learning outcomes
achieved.
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah
2
B. Formulation of the problem
The problem raised from the
existing background is regarding
the application of Audivisuals in
the development of Early
Childhood during the PPKM
period.
 First, understanding the
development of AUD
 Second, factors that influence
the development of AUD
 Third, the influence of PPKM on
the development of AUD
 Fourth, the meaning of
Audivisual media
 Fifth, the influence of the
Audivisual media on the
development of AUD during the
PPKM period
C. Research purposes
The purpose of this study was
to determine the effect of using
audiovisual media on early
childhood development during the
PPKM period.
2. RESEARCH METHODS
The research method used in this
research is the literature study
method.
The literature study method is a
series of activities related to the
methods of collecting library data,
reading and taking notes, and
managing research materials (Zed,
2008: 3).
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. AUD Development
Early childhood is an
individual who is different,

unique, and has its own
characteristics according to the
stages of their age. Early
childhood is a golden age where
the stimulus for all aspects of
child development plays an
important role in further
developmental tasks. Early age is
the initial period of a child's life
and is the most important period
in the vulnerable life of an
individual. At this time, all
aspects of development
including: motor, language,
cognitive, social, emotional and
moral experience very rapid
development so that they need
guidance so that all their
potentials develop optimally.
Children as a superior generation
will basically not grow and
develop on their own. They
really need a fertile environment
specially created for it.
. physically and psychologically.
The development of a Some aspects that must be known
comprehensive attitude towards
oneself as a developing individual.
At this time children are required to
know and be able to maintain their
interests and welfare. Can maintain
personal health and safety, love
yourself, enjoy sports and recreation
to maintain his health.
Learn to make friends with peers.
At this time children are required to
be able to get along, work together
and build good relationships with
peers, help each other and form a
social personality
Learn to master basic intellectual
skills, namely reading, writing and
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah
3
arithmetic. To carry out their duties
at school and further their learning
development, children at the
beginning of this period learn to
master the ability to read, write and
count.
Development of concepts needed
in everyday life. In order to be able
to adapt and behave in accordance
with the demands of their
environment, children are required to
have the concepts needed in
everyday life
Have personal independence.
Gradually at this time children are
required to have personal
independence. Children are able to
choose, plan, and do work or
activities without depending on their
parents or other adults.
Early Childhood Development is
very important to be studied by every
parent so that later their children's
growth can be maximized both
so that the development of children
at his age is maximized:
1. Religious and Moral Values
The religious and moral
aspects focus on the basic
values, awareness, and other
norms that are taught. In this
case, the role of parents is very
important foreducating
children's character since
childhood.
2. Physical and Motor
In contrast to religious and
moral values related to behavior,

the physical and motor aspects
focus more on the development
or physical changes that occur
from the body
Motor development includes
how children can move their
limbs well, do crawling
movements, walk, to try to draw
or write something. Meanwhile,
physical development can be
characterized by weight gain or
height.
3. Cognitive
Cognitive function relates to
how children begin to learn to
solve existing problems, can
understand things easily, are
able to identify patterns, can
remember well, and can also
understand the causal aspects of
things. If the child masters it
well, then the Realfoodfam child
is included in thecharacteristics
of smart and intelligent children.
4. Language
Language skills can be started
from toddlers even with
different grasping power. The
development of language and
communication has started since
toddlers and they will begin to
understand the words of the
people around them entering the
age of 2 years.
5. Social and Emotional
According to a research journal
from Syamsul Hadi in 2011,
aspects of early childhood
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah
4
social-emotional development
have several important points
that must be considered, such as
self-awareness, social
awareness, self-management,
relationship management, and
responsible decision making that
focus on attitudes, skills, and
behavior. value in interacting by
children.
Social behavior that has been
well formed since childhood will
help him to adapt well when he
grows up and is able to
communicate everything openly.
6. Art
At the age of 0-6 years, the
development of art will help
improve the characteristics of
children. Especially in the aspect
of early childhood development
in the arts and craftscreativity.
This aspect will also help the
development of visual-spatial
intelligence related to the ability
to understand the details around.
This is where the role of parents
is needed.
B. Factors affecting early
childhood development
Aspects that affect the
development of early childhood
include aspects of personality,
social morals, language, and
religious awareness. There are
cases of problems raised by the
author about a 4-year-old child
who has a speech delay which is
influenced by the education of
his parents and family. This

article uses the literature review
method. Literature was collected
using search engines such as
Google Scholar and Proquest.
The author also searches for
literature at the UIN Sunan
Kalijaga Campus Library. The
main factors that play an
important role are factors and
aspects that affect early
childhood development including
genetic/heredity factors,
environmental factors, pregnancy
conditions, birth complications,
nutritional fulfillment, health
care, susceptibility to disease,
and stimulus behavior. Whereas,
Here are 6 factors that influence
early childhood development:
1. Parenting Parenting
Parenting patterns are factors
that influence the development
of early childhood. From an
early age, children who
experience wrong parenting will
experience various kinds of
problemspsychologysuch as fear
of meeting other people, lack of
confidence, easy to feel afraid,
and worry and various other
problems. Parenting patterns are
factors that influence the
development of children in
terms of mental, physical, to
intelligence intelligence.
2. Surrounding environment
The environment around
children's growth and
development has an important
role in the problem of factors
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah
5
that affect early childhood
development. Children who
from an early age live in an
unhealthy environment such as
living among gamblers, drinkers,
and so on will perceive such an
environment as a normal world
for them. He will have a hard
time realizing that these things
can have a negative influence
and hinder his future. Children
need adults to be able to
distinguish between good and
bad. They will imitate what the
adults around them do. If
children are not removed from
this bad environment, they will
continue to think that a bad
lifestyle is the most appropriate
for them.
3. Nutrition and Nutrition
Provided
Factors that affect the growth
and development of the next
early childhood is the problem
of nutrition and nutrition
provided. Mothers can find a
complete description of this
nutrition and nutrition problem
in the journal of factors that
influence early childhood
development. In it it is reviewed
that nutrition and nutrition affect
the growth of children, not only
in terms of physical appearance
but also cognitive and motor
factors.
A body that gets good
nutrition and nutrition is always
healthy and can grow optimally.
Children who get enough
attention in terms of nutrition
and nutrition can avoid
malnutrition problems to other

health problems. At least they
don't get sick easily so they can
focus on learning to be smart
and develop into successful
people.
4. Games and Watch
There are various kinds of
games and shows that have a
role in the factors that influence
children's development. This is
because games and shows can
have an influence on children's
intellectual and visual
intelligence. If children receive
stimulation for brain growth
from an early age through games
and spectacles that pass
standards such as lego, chess,
snakes and ladders, abacus, etc.,
as well as positive spectacles
such as educational films, the
children's brain nerves will
develop system skills. memory,
visual, language intelligence,
and so on. Of course this will be
better than not being given any
stimulus at all. Things like this
are often mentioned in various
journals about the factors that
affect the growth and
development of children.
5. Entertainment and
Recreation
Children who have happy
childhoods have a higher life
expectancy than those who do
not. They will also be more
likely to avoid stress. It is rare
for children who had happy
childhoods to develop
depression. Because they have
the power, memory or happy
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah
6
memory that can revive their
enthusiasm for life again when
they are experiencing problems.
Therefore, recreation is part
of the factors that affect
children's development, mothers
need to pay attention to the
proportion of their presence in
children's lives. Recreation
should also not be excessive,
because if you give the children
what they want too often, this
will backfire where the child
will be spoiled and assume that
the mother will give whatever
she wants.
6. Exploration
It is the responsibility of
mothers and fathers to facilitate
children to grow intelligently so
that they are able to solve their
own problems. Later they can
become independent children
and have the nature to help
others instead of destroying
them. It can be trained from an
early age by developing the
habit of exploration in children.
Factors that influence the
development of these children
have an important role in the
emotional and spiritual
development of children which
are correlated with the ability to
distinguish between good and bad
things. In the future, the habit of
exploration will also help him to
be able to deal with problems
instead of complaining or
depending on others.

C. The influence of PPKM on the
development of AUD
The risk of developing child
development problems that are
prone to occur during PPKM:
1. Influence the immunization
program
Quoted from unpad.ac.id, Prof
Meita said that during the
pandemic the continuity of health
programs was disrupted, one of
which was the immunization
program. Whereas immunization
is a basic need for children to
avoid diseases that can be
prevented by immunization
(PD3I).
2. Emotional problems
For the development of
adolescent children, Prof. Meita
mentioned the impact on their
mental and emotional.
As a result of the pandemic,
emotional mental problems
showed an increase, it seems that
emotional problems were the most
prominent, whereas before the
pandemic, conduct problems were
more prominent.
3. The learning process is
hampered
A recent report from UNICEF
stated that during the pandemic 80
million Indonesian children and
youth began to face secondary
impacts. Including one of them in
the learning process.
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah
7
Almost all schools and colleges
are closed, so the average time
spent on distance learning varies
from just 2.2 to 3.5 hours per day.
Closure of educational facilities
also increases the risk of dropping
out.
Difficulty adapting to daily
routines has also affected a child's
development. During the
pandemic, several problems were
reported such as difficulty
concentrating, becoming more
angry, and having trouble
sleeping.
4. Potential to interfere with
baby's development
Quoted from The Conversation,
researchers argue that the first
year of life is very important for
long-term child development.
Including during the COVID-19
pandemic.
This early stage of child
development is very dependent on
stimulation, especially to socialize
with other people. A varied
environment will support
children's development in the
areas of language, cognitive and
emotional.
Babies need stimulation, social
contact, and responsive parenting,
and all of these will be affected
during a pandemic in complex
ways.
A team of researchers from
Oxford Brookes University has

conducted research that focuses
on how the pandemic affects
children. The results stated that
babies belong to the vulnerable
age category and are very
dependent on parenting.
5. Risk of experiencing violence
Problems faced by parents
during the pandemic, such as the
economy and stress, are prone to
disrupting children's development
(especially psychologically).
Children are also very likely to be
at risk of experiencing domestic
violence.
The effects of violence, both
physical and mental, on a child's
development are enormous. This
includes emotional trauma.
Children are vulnerable to
growing up feeling afraid,
anxious, not confident, even not
wanting to socialize with people
around them.
D. Audiovisual Media
Fujiyanto et al (2016) stated that
audio-visual media is included in
multimedia, which is a type of
media that in addition to containing
sound elements also contains
elements of images that can be
seen, such as video recordings,
various sizes of films, sound slides
and so on. The use of audio-visual
media here uses video recordings.
This can make it easier for students
to understand the relationship
material between living things
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah
8
when learning takes place.
Meanwhile, according to Sulfemi
(2018).
According to Marshall Meluhan,
the notion of media is a human
extension that allows him to
influence others who do not have
direct contact with him. Audio-
visual media comes from the word
media which means an
intermediary form used by humans
to convey or spread ideas, ideas, or
opinions so that the ideas, opinions
or ideas put forward reach the
intended recipient. Dale said Audio
Visual media are teaching media
and educational media that activate
the eyes and ears of students during
the teaching and learning process.
movie size, sound slides, and so on.
The ability of this media is
considered better and more
attractive,
Various Audio Visual media
In the teaching and learning process
the presence of the media has a
fairly important meaning. Because
in these activities the ambiguity of
the material to be delivered can be
helped by presenting the media as
an intermediary.5 One of the
technologies in the teaching process
is choosing learning media.
Learning media according to Rossi
and Breidle are all tools and
materials that can be used for
educational purposes, such as radio,
television, books, newspapers,
magazines, and so on. Learning
media according to the
characteristics of sensory

stimulation can be in the form of
Audio (sound), Visual (image), and
Audio Visual.
Audio Visual media is divided
into 2 types, namely:
1. Silent audio-visual: media that
displays sound and still images
such as sound slides,
soundtrack films, sound prints.
2. Audio-visual motion: media
that can display elements of
sound and moving images such
as sound films and video-
cassettes.
The advantages and
disadvantages of using audio-
visual media
1) Advantages of audio-visual
a. Teaching materials will be
clearer in meaning so that they
can be better understood by
students, and allow students to
master the teaching objectives
better.
b. Teaching will be more varied,
not merely verbal
communication through the
utterance of words by the
teacher. So that students do not
get bored and the teacher does
not run out of energy,
especially when the teacher
teaches for every hour of the
lesson.
c. Students do more learning
activities, because they do not
only listen to the teacher's
description, but also observe,
perform, demonstrate, and so
on.
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah
9
d. Teaching will attract more
students' attention so that it can
foster learning motivation.
2) Weaknesses of audio-visual
a. Audio media, which uses
more sound and verbal
language, may only be
understood by listeners who
have a good level of mastery
of words and language
b. Presentation of material
through audio media can lead
to verbalism for listeners.
c. Less able to display the
details of the object that is
presented perfectly.
E. The influence of audiovisual
media on early childhood
development during PPKM
Early childhood learning activities
should be carried out by playing
and using concrete learning media,
one of the audiovisual media is
media that is able to stimulate the
senses of sight and sense of hearing
together, because this media has
elements of sound and elements of
images. The use of audiovisual
learning media can create pleasant
conditions for children and
audiovisual learning techniques can
be developed to assist children's
mastery of developmental aspects,
especially in the development of
children's cognitive aspects.
Audio Visual learning media serves
to make it easier for children who
are slow in receiving learning from
the teacher. Based on the above
opinion, it can be concluded that

the function of learning media,
especially audiovisual media, is to
be able to direct children's attention
so that it can foster learning
motivation and learning will be
easily understood through the
messages contained in the pictures.
With the audiovisual media,
interactive and fun communication
occurs so that children easily
receive information from the
teacher. According to Johann
Heinrich Pestalozzi, through the
development of audiovisual
memory, other potentials can be
developed such as imagination,
creativity, talent, interest of a child,
because through auditory
development, children optimize
their hearing, visual, children can
use their eyesight well, memory,
children can express and train the
memory well.” Therefore, the
development of learning through
audiovisual memory makes the
learning process fun so that the
most difficult things become easier
and from abstract to concrete and
easily conveyed to children.
6. CONCLUSION
Early childhood education is a
golden period that only comes once
and cannot be repeated. Early
childhood is in a golden age which
is a sensitive period in which
children are especially easy to
accept various stimuli from their
environment. In fact, about 50% of
adult intelligence has occurred at
the age of 4 years. Therefore, as a
parent, it is obligatory to see the
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah
10
development of the child. because
efforts to stimulate children from
an early age are very important.
And what a loss for the family, or
parents who do not care about the
child's development. Because at an
early age the right time to develop
the physical-motor, cognitive,
socio-emotional, language and
moral aspects of children.
By using audiovisual can
optimize hearing, vision well, and
train memory well. So that it will
create interactive communication
and can develop children's
creativity.
REFERENCES
Azhar Arsyad, Learning Media, cet.6.
Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada,
2005
Fujiyanto, A., Jayadinata, AK, &
Kurnia, D. (2016). The use of
audio-visual media to improve
student learning outcomes on the
material relations between living
things. Journal of Scientific Pens,
1(1), 841-
850.https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.p
hp/penailmiah/article/view/3576/
pdf
Hasan, Maimunah. Hasan, PAUD
(Early Childhood Education),
Banguntapan Jogjakarta: 2010.
Julia Maria Van Tiel, Julia Maria Van.
Detection and Management of
Special Intelligent Children,
Jakarta: Prenada, 2015.
 11

Children, South Jakarta: Love

Latif, et al., Mukhtar. Latif, et al, New Books, 2013.
Orientation for Early Childhood
Education, Jakarta: Kencana, 2013. Wiwien Dinar Prastisti, Wiwien Dinar.
Early Childhood Psychology,
Lely Halimah, Development of Early Jakarta: PT Index, 2008.
Childhood Education Curriculum,
(Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2016) Zed, Mestika. 2008. Literature Research
Methods. Jakarta: Indonesia Torch
Marcia, Preparing Children for Success Foundation.
in School and Life, Jakarta: Index,
2013.

Novan Ardy Wiyana, Novan Ardy.

Early Childhood Development
Psychology, Yogyakarta: Gava
Media, 2014.

Pamilu, Anik., Educating Children

Since Pregnancy, Yogyakarta: Citra
Media, 2007.

Ray Levy, Ray. How to Raise a Child

Who Likes to Fight Without Losing
Patience, Jakarta: Gramedia
Pustaka Utama, 2002.

Seto Mulyadi, Seto. Emotional

Intelligence Series: Helping
Toddlers Manage Their Anger,
Jakarta: Erlangga, 20040.

Sjarkawi, Formation of Children's

Personality, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara,
2006.

Suyadi, Basic Concept of PAUD

(Bandung: PT REMAJA
ROSDAKARYA, 2015)

Teguh Wiyono, et al., Teguh.

Confidential Educating Smart
PAUD Lectura: Journal of Early Childhood Education, Vol 4, No 2, April 2021
Copyright © 2020 Rahmi Rizkina, Citra Aulia Fitri, Khadijah