w'fmd'i' idudkH fm<

úoHdj ¸¸
wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% idudkH fm< úNd.h i`oyd jQ fmryqre mÍlaIKh

wu;r lshùï ld,h m%Yak m;%h lshjd m%Yak f;dard .ekSug;a ms<s;=re ,sùfï § m%uqL;ajh fok m%Yak
ixúOdkh lr .ekSug;a fhdod .kak'

úNd. wxlh( .........................................

Wmfoia(

 meyeÈ,s w;a wl=ßka ms<s;=re ,shkak'

 A fldgfia m%Yak y;rg § we;s bv m%udKh ;=< ms<s;=re imhkak'
 B fldgfia m%Yak mfyka m%Yak ;=klg muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'
 ms<s;=re imhd wjidkfha A fldgi yd B fldgfia ms<;
s =re m;%h tlg wuqKd ndr fokak'

A fldgi
01' my; ±lafjkafka .,a w`.=re Ndú;fhka úÿ,sh ckkh lsÍfï l%ufõoh ±lafjk igykls'

oykfhka msgjk jdhq bj;a ùu

;,nukh úoHq;a
cklh
yqud,h

.,a w`.=re c,h

jd;h

i. .,a w`.=rej, Yla;sh .nvd ù we;af;a l=uk Yla;s m%fNaohla f,ig o@ ^01&
ridhksl Yla;sh
................................................................................................................................................
ii. .,a w`.=rej, .nvd ù we;s Yla;sfha uQ,sl m%Njh l=ula o@ ^01&
iQ¾hhd
...............................................................................................................................................
iii. .,a w`.=re oykfhka msg jk m%Odk;u jdhqj l=ula o@ ^01&
ldnka vfhdlaihsâ
..............................................................................................................................................
iv. jdhqf.da,Sh CO2 m%udKh by< hdu ksid u;= ù we;s mdßißl w¾nqoh l=ula o@ ^01&
f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< hdu ^ yß;d.dr wdprKhg ,l=Kq ke;'&
..............................................................................................................................................

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh Channel NIE

v. wl%uj;a f,i .,a w`.=re oykh wï, jeis we;s ùug fya;=fõ'
a. wï, jeis we;s lsÍug odhl jk ix>glh ksmojk .,a w`.=rej, ;sìh yels uQ,øjHh
l=ula o@ ^01&
i,a*¾ $ S
.............................................................................................................................................
b. tu uQ,øjHh oykfhka msg jk wys;lr jdhqj l==ula o@ ^01&
i,a*¾ vfhdlaihsâ (SO2)$i,a*¾ g%fhdlaihsâ (SO3)
.............................................................................................................................................
c. wï, jeis ksid we;s úh yels wys;lr m%;sM, folla ,shkak' ^02&
jkdka;r yd fnda. j.d úkdY ùu'$ c,dYj, c,fha wdï,sl;dj by< hdu ksid c,c Ôùka úkdY
.............................................................................................................................................
ùu'$ wdï,sl iajNdjh by< hEfuka Ydlj, Lksc wjfYdaIKhg n,mEï we;s lsÍu'$ yqkq.,a jeks
.............................................................................................................................................
mdIdK Èh ùu' f,dayuh bÈlsÍï" f.dvke.s,s" m%;sud" kgUqka jeks foa úkdY ùu'$ iuyr úI iys; ner
.............................................................................................................................................
f,day Èh ùu ksid c,dYj, tu f,day whk idkaøK wys;lr uÜgñka by< hdu' jeks lreKq folla
.............................................................................................................................................
vi. fmfg%da,shï bkaOk yd .,a w`.=re w;ßka úÿ,sh ksmoùug jvd iqÿiq jkafka .,a w``.=re
nj isiqfjla mjihs' Bg fya;=jla olajkak' ^01&
fmfg%d,sahï bkaOkj,g jvd jeä ld,hla Ndú;h i`oyd .,a w.=re ixÑ; b;sßj ;sîu'
...................................................................................................................................................
vii. iq<x n,fhka úÿ,sh ksmoùu jvd;a m%p,s; fkdùug fya;=jla i`oyka lrkak' ^01&
oji mqrd iq<. taldldrj fkdmej;Su' jeks lreKla
...................................................................................................................................................
viii. wkd.;fha § mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk Yla;s m%Nj fjkqjg úl,am Yla;s m%Nj flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= j we;'
a. tjeks úl,am Yla;s m%Njj, ;sìh hq;= jeo.;a .=Kdx. folla i`oyka lrkak'
• mqk¾ckkSh ùu ^01&
^02&
• È.= ld,hla Ndú;h i`oyd m%udKj;a ùu' ^01& $ mrsir ¥IKh wju ùu' ^01&
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
b. Y%S ,xldfõ Yla;s w¾nqohg úi`ÿula f,i fhdod .; yels úl,am Yla;s m%Nj folla
kï lrkak' ^02&
iQ¾hhd ^iQ¾h Yla;shg ,l=Kq ke;& ^01& iq<`. ^01& Woï r< ^01&
...........................................................................................................................................
c. j;auka Yla;s w¾nqohg ms<shula f,i u.S m%jdykh iïnkaOfhka fmdÿ uyck;djg
wkq.ukh l< yels l%shd ud¾.hla i`oyka lrkak' ^01&
fmdÿq m%jdyk fiajd Ndú;hg fhduq ùu$ md meosh Ndú;h$ fouqyqï jdyk fyda úÿ,sfhka
..........................................................................................................................................
l%shdldrk jdyk Ndú;h $flá ÿr mhska hdu jeks lreKla

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh Channel NIE

02'
A. ñksia isref¾ nysiai%dù moaO;sfha rEmigykla yd jDlaldKqjl jHqyh ±lafjk rEm igykla
ms<sfj<sska my; ±lafõ'

A D
E

F
B H

C
G

i. jDlaldKqj msysgd we;af;a nysiai%dù moaO;sfha l=uk wlaIrfhka olajd we;s fldgi ;=< o@ ^01&
A
.........................................................................................................................................................
ii. nysiai%dù moaO;sfha B yd C wlaIr u.ska olajd we;s jHqyj, ld¾hh tl ne.ska ,shkak' ^02&
B – jDlal ;=< ksmofjk uQ;% uQ;%dYh olajd /f.k hdu ^01&
.........................................................................................................................................................
C– neyer lrk ;=re uQ;% ;djld,slj .nvd lr ;nd .ekSu' ^01&
.........................................................................................................................................................
iii. E yd F reêr kd< y`ÿkd f.k kï lrkak' ^02&
E – jDlalSh Ouksh ^01& F - jDlalSh Ysrdj ^01&
.........................................................................................................................................................
iv. reêrh fmÍu isÿ jkafka D f,i olajd we;s jHqyh ;=< § h' tys we;s reêr flaYkd,sld
f.dkqj l=uk kulska y`ÿkajkq ,nhs o@ ^01&
.=Éýldj
.........................................................................................................................................................
v. reêrfhka D ;=<g fmÍ hk nysiai%dùh ixfhda.hla yd nysiai%dùh fkdjk ixfhda.hla ne.ska
ms<sfj<ska ,shkak' ^02&
hQßhd$hQßla wï,h ^01& yd wuhsfkda wï,$.aÆfldaia$ c,h$ ^01&
.........................................................................................................................................................
vi. fndauka m%djrfha § reêrfhka fmÍhk øjHj,ska wjYH oE m%;sfYdaIKh lr .; hqq;= j we;'
a. m%;sfYdaIKh isÿ jk m%foaYh kï lr we;s wlaIrh l=ula o@ ^01&
G
...................................................................................................................................................
b. ksfrda.S mqoa.,fhl=f.a nysiai%dù moaO;sh ;=< § iïmQ¾Kfhka u m%;sfYdaIKh úh hq;=
.aÆfldaia $weuhsfkda wï,
øjHhla kï lrkak'......................................................................................................... ^01&
c. m%;sfYdaIKh fkdúh hq;= fyda wju úh hq;= øjHh l=ula o@ ^01&
hQßhd$hQßla wï,h
...................................................................................................................................................
vii. hQßhd idkaøKh idfmalaI j jeä jDlalSh Ouksh ;=< o ke;fyd;a jDlalSh Ysrdj ;=< o@ ^01&
jDlalSh Ouksh ;=<
........................................................................................................................................................

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh Channel NIE

 viii. jDlaldKqj u.ska ld¾hlaIu fmÍula isÿlsÍug tys we;s wkqj¾;khla i`oyka lrkak' ^01&
wNsjdyS Ouksldj úIalïNfhka jeä ùu yd wmjdyS kd<sldj úIalïNfhka wvq ùu' $fykaf,a mqvqj
......................................................................................................................................................
wdY%s;j reêr flaYkd<sld cd,hla msysàu'
......................................................................................................................................................
ix. a. uQ;% moaO;sh wdY%s; j je<`Èh yels frda.hla i`oyka lrkak' ^01&
uQ;%dYfha fyda jl=.vqfõ .,a $ jDlal wl¾ukH ùu
......................................................................................................................................................
b. tu frda.h we;s ùu j<lajd .ekSug wkq.ukh l< yels hym;a fi!LH mqreoaola ,shkak'^01&
uQ;%dYfha fyda jl=.vqfõ .,a - Èkm;d m%udKj;a mßÈ c,h mdkh lsÍu'
.......................................................................................................................................................
jDlal wl¾ukH ùu - laIqø Ôù wdidok j<lajd .ekSug m%ckl wjhj wdY%s; j msßisÿ nj mj;ajd .ekSu
.......................................................................................................................................................

03' wdiQ; c,h úoHq;a úÉfþokh i`oyd isiq lKavdhula úiska P wegjqu ilia lrk ,§' wdiQ; c,hg
;kql i,a*shqrsla wï,h iaj,amhla tl;= lrñka ilid .;a w,amdï,s; c,h úoHq;a úÉfPaokfha §
ksmofjk jdhq m%udK uekSug Tjqka úiska Q wegjqu ilia lrk ,§' úoHq;a úÉfþokfha §
ksmojqkq X iy Y jdhq mßud rEmfha olajd we;'

X Y

w,amdï,s; c,h
A B
C D

wdiQ; c,h

P wegjqu Q wegjqu

i. w,amdï,s; c,fhys wvx.= jk whk j¾. fudkjd o@ ^02&

i,a * s h q ß la wï,fhka - H +
yd SO 4
2-
^01&
............................................................................................................................................................
c,fhka - H yd OH ^01&
+ -
............................................................................................................................................................
ii. úÿ,sh imhk úg A, B, C yd D bf,lafg%dav wi, § ,efnk ksÍlaIK fjk fjk u i`oyka
lrkak' ^04&
A. úm¾hdihla ke; ^01&
..................................................................................................................................................
B. úm¾hdihla ke; ^01&
..................................................................................................................................................
C. jdhq nqnq¨ msgfõ ^01&
..................................................................................................................................................
D. jdhq nqnq¨ msgfõ ^01&
..................................................................................................................................................

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh Channel NIE

 iii. Q wegjqfuys wefkdavh yd lef;davh f,i l%shd lrk bf,lafg%dav kï lr we;s wlaIr
fudkjd o@ ^02&
C ^01&
wefkdavh (.....................................................................................................................................
D ^01&
lef;davh (.....................................................................................................................................
iv. Q wegjqfuys tl;= ù we;s X yd Y jdhq fol ms<sfj<ska i`oyka lrkak' ^02&
Tlaiscka ^01& yd yhsârcka ^01&
.........................................................................................................................................................
v. by; wegjqïj, fhdod .efkk bf,lafg%dav ;ekSug Ndú; lr we;s uQ,øjHh l=ula o@ ^01&
C / ldnka
.........................................................................................................................................................
vi. P wegjqfuys we;s wdiQ; c,h fjkqjg c,Sh fidaähï laf,darhsâ ødjKhla fhdod .;af;a kï
ta iïnkaOj my; f;dr;=re imhkak' ^04&
a. bf,lafg%dav wi, § ,efnk ksÍlaIK (
A- jdhq nqnq¨ msgfõ yd B - jdhq nqnq¨ msgfõ $ A yd B wi, - jdhq nqnq¨ msgfõ
...................................................................................................................................................
+
2 H (aq) + 2e H2 (g)
b. lef;davfha isÿ jk w¾O m%;sl%shdj ( .......................................................................................
-
2 Cl (aq) Cl2 (g) + 2e
c. wefkdavfha isÿ jk w¾O m%;sl%shdj (........................................................................................
H
+ -
d. iuia; úoHq;a úÉfþok m%;l 2 H (aq) + 2Cl (aq) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g)
s %shdj ( ........................................................................................
H
2 (g)
04' A.
(g)
2 (g)
i. mdi,a úoHd.drfha we;s vhskfuda wdo¾Yk folla rEmfha ±lafõ' vhskfudajlska m%;Hdj¾;l
H
Odrd ksmo jqjo Wml%u Ndú;fhka ir, Odrdjla njg m;a l< yelsh'

2 (g)

P wegjqu Q wegjqu

a. vhskfudajl wka;¾.; jk úÿ,sh ckkh lsÍug odhl jk Wmdx. fol kï lrkak' ^02&
iaÓr fyda úoHq;a pqïnl ^01& mßjD; ;T lïì o`.rh ^01&
...................................................................................................................................................
b. P wegjqfuys vhskfudaj u.ska ksmofjk m%;Hdj¾;l Odrdj ir, Odrdjla njg mßj¾;kh
lsÍug Ndú; l< yels Wmdx.fha ixfla;h we`o olajkak' ^01&

c. Q wegjqfuys vhskfudaj u.ska ksmofjk m%;Hdj¾;l Odrdj ir, Odrdjla njg m;a lr .ekSug
vhskfudafõ l=uk Wmdx.j, fjkialï isÿ l< hq;= o@ ^02&
we;s,s ^01& iy ú,s ^01&
.................................................................................................................................................

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh Channel NIE

iv. Q wegjqfuys vhskfudaj u.ska ksmofjk Odrdj ir, Odrdjla o ke;fyd;a m%;Hdj¾;l
Odrdjla o hk nj y`ÿkd .ekSug my; rEmfha mßÈ LED iys; mßm:hlg iïnkaO flßKs'
my; i`oyka wjia:d hgf;a A yd B LED ±,aùu ms<sn`o ksÍlaIK i`oyka lrkak'
a. vhskfudafjka mßm:hg ir, Odrdjla iemhSu ^02& A
A yd B, LED foflka tla LED la muKla ±,afõ'
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
B
b. vhskfudafjka mßm:hg m%;Hdj¾;l Odrdjla iemhSu ^02&
A yd B, LED folu ±,afõ'$ A yd B, LED fol ksú ksù ±,afõ'$ A yd B, LED fol
...................................................................................................................................................
udrefjka udrejg ±,afõ'
...................................................................................................................................................
v. vhskfudajl ksmofjk úÿ,s Odrdfõ ÈYdj ;SrKh lsÍug maf,ñkaf.a iqr;a kshuh Ndú; l<
yelshs' tys §" uymg`.s,a," ueo`.s,a, iy on/`.s,a, u.ska ksrEmKh flfrk rdYs fjk fjku
i`oyka lrkak' ^03&
n,h
 uymg`.s,a, (...............................................................................................................................
úoHq;a Odrdj
 ueo`.s,a, ( ..................................................................................................................................
pqïnl lafIa;%h
 on/`.s,a, ( .................................................................................................................................

B. ;dmh imhk úg >k øjHj, isÿjk m%idrKh ksÍlaIKhg YsIHfhl= úiska ilia l<
wegjqula rEmfha ±lafõ'
ms;a;, l+r mßudKh
i. ms;a;, l+r r;a lsÍfï § ksÍlaIKh l< yels jkafka o¾Ylh
tys È. jeä ùula o@ j¾.M,h jeä ùula o@ tfia;a
P
ke;s kï mßudfõ jeä ùula o@ ^01&
È. jeäùula
..............................................................................................
ii. ms;a;, l+r r;a lrk úg o¾Ylh N%uKh jkafka Ndrh
jdudj¾;j o@ ke;fyd;a olaIsKdj¾;j o@ ^01&
olaIsKdj¾;j
..............................................................................................
iii. ms;a;, l+r u; Ndrhla t,a,Su isÿ lrkafka wehs@ ^01&
ms;a;, l+r o¾Ylh iïnkaO lr we;s fldgi u; fyd`oska iam¾Y ù o¾Ylh ksis f,i lrleùug
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh Channel NIE