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CLASS XII (2019-20)

PHYSICS (042)
SAMPLE PAPER-2

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 70

General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 37 questions in all.
(ii) This question paper has four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D.
(iii)Section A contains twenty questions of one mark each, Section B contains seven questions
of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each and Section D
contains three questions of five marks each.
(iv)There is no overall choice. However, internal choices has been provided in two question of one
marks each, two question of two marks, one question of three marks and three questions of
five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(v) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary.
c = 3 # 108 m/s , h = 6.63 # 10−34 Js , e = 1.6 # 10−19 C , μ 0 = 4π # 10−7 TmA−1 ,
1 = 9 109 Nm2 C−2 , m = 9.1 10−31 kg ,
ε 0 = 8.854 # 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2 ,
4πε 0 # e #
−27
Mass of neutron = 1.675 # 10 kg ,
Mass of proton = 1.673 # 10−27 kg , Avogardro’s number = 6.023 # 1023 per gram mole,
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 # 10−23 JK−1 .

and an emf is induced in the coil.

Section A 3. According to the Maxwell’s displacement
DIRECTION : (Q 1-Q 10) Select the most current law, a changing electric field is source
appropriate option from those given below each of (1)
question (a) an e.m.f. (b) magnetic field
1. Nickel is (1) (c) pressure gradient (d) all of these
(a) diamagnetic (b) paramagnetic Ans : (b) magnetic field
(c) ferromagnetic (d) none of these We know according to the Maxwell’s
Ans : (c) ferromagnetic displacement current law that a changing
The substances which get strongly magnetised electric field is a source of magnetic field.
when placed in an external magnetic field are 4. Which of the following phenomena taken
called ferromagnetic. Nickel shows the above place when a monochromatic light is incident
properties so it is a ferromagnetic substance. on a prism? (1)
2. To convert mechanical energy into electrical (a) Dispersion (b) Deviation
energy one can use (1) (c) Interference (d) All of these
(a) D.C. dynamo (b) A.C. dynamo Ans : (a) Dispersion
(c) Motor (d) Transformer Dispersion phenomena taken place when a
Ans : (b) A.C. dynamo monochromatic light is incident on a prism.
An AC dynamo or generator produces 5. When two converging lenses of same focal f
electrical energy from mechanical work, just are placed in contact, the focal length of the
the opposite of what a motor does. In it a combination is. (1)
shaft is rotated by some mechanical means (a) f (b) 2f
such as an engine or a turbine starts working f
(c) (d) 3f
2
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Ans : (c)
f power rating of 100 mW. What should be the
2 value of the resistor R, connected in series
We know that, and with p −n junction diode for obtaining
Focal length of combination of lens is given maximum current? (1)
by,
1 =1+1
feq f1 f2
Here, f1 = f2 = f
Then, 1 =1+1
feq f f
1 = 1+1 (a) 5 Ω (b) 10 Ω
feq f (c) 15 Ω (d) 20 Ω
f
feq = Ans : (a) 5 Ω
2
6. The wave front due to a point source a finite Given, Voltage drop across diode,
distance from the source is- (1)
(a) Spherical (b) Cylindrical VD = 0.5 V
Maximum power rating of diode,
(c) Plane (d) Circular
P = 100 mW
Ans : (a) Spherical
= 100 # 10−3 W
When the light source is of point type, then
at any instant of finite distance, the locus of and source voltage,
all the particles vibrating with same phase in VS = 1.5 V
a sphere. In this condition, the wavefront will
We know that resistance of diode
be a spherical wave front.
2
^0.5h2
7. On disintegration of one atom of U-235, the RD = VD =
amount of energy obtained is 200 MeV. The
P 100 # 10−3
power obtained in a reactor is 1000 kW. How = 2.5 Ω
many atoms are dps ? (1) And current in diode,
(a) 3.125 # 10 8
(b) 3.125 # 1016

(c) 3.125 # 10 24
(d) 3.125 # 1032 ID = VD = 0.5 = 0.2 Ω
RD 2.5
Ans : (b) 3.125 # 1016 Therefore, total resistance in circuit,
Given, Energy obtained per disintegration,
RS = VS = 1.5 = 7.5 Ω
E = 200 MeV ID 0.2

= 200 # 106 # ^1.6 # 10−19h And the value of series resistor,

= 3.2 # 10−11 J R = RS − R D
and power obtained in the reactor, = 7.5 − 2.5 = 5 Ω
P = 1000 kW = 10 W 6
9. A spherical capacitor has inner sphere of
= 6.25 # 1024 eV −s−1 radius 12 cm and an outer sphere of radius
13 cm .The outer sphere is earthed and the
= 6.25 # 1018 MeV −s−1 inner sphere has a charge of 2.5 μC . If space
We know that number of dps, between the concentric spheres is filled with
n =P a liquid of dielectric constant 32, then the
E capacitance of the capacitor is (1)
−9 −9
= 106 (a) 4.5 # 10 F (b) 5.5 # 10 F
3.2 # 10−11 −9
(c) 6.5 # 10 F (d) 7.5 # 10−9 F
= 3.125 # 1016 Ans : (b) 5.5 # 10−9 F
8. The p −n junction diode used in the circuit
Given, Radius of inner sphere,
shown in the figure has a constant voltage
drop at 0.5 V at all currents and a maximum r1 = 12 cm = 0.12 m

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Radius of outer sphere,r2 = 13 cm = 0.13 m = 0.17c (towards left)

Charge of inner sphere,q = 2.5 μC Therefore net rotation produced,

= 2.5 # 10−6 C θ = θ 1 − θ 2 = 0.17c − 0.17c

and dielectric constant of liquid, = 0c
DIRECTION : (Q11-Q15) Fill in the blanks with
ε = 32 appropriate answer.
We know that capacitance of a spherical
capacitor with a dielectric, 11. The AC voltage across a resistance can be
measured using a .......... . (1)
C = 4πε 0 ε a r1 r2 k
r2 − r1 Ans : hot-wire voltmeter
Where, 1 = 9 # 109 N− m−2−C−2 The AC voltage across a resistance can be
4πε 0 measured using a hot wire voltmeter, where
deflection is proportional to square of current
# 32 # b 0.13 #
− 0.12 l
= 1 0.12 0.13
9 # 109 ( φ ? i2 ).
= 5.5 # 10−9 F 12. In the Bohr’s atomic model of hydrogen
10. Light passes successively through two atom, the ratio of the kinetic energy to the
polarimeter tubes each of length 0.29 m . The total energy of the electron in n th quantum
first tube contains dextro rotatory solution state is ........... (1)
of concentration 60 kg − m−3 and specific Ans : − 1
rotation 0.01 rad − m2 − kg−1 . The second We know that kinetic energy of electron in
tube contains laevo rotatory solution of n th state,
concentration 30 kg − m−3 and specific
rotation 0.02 rad − m2 − kg−1 . The net Kn = me 4
8ε 20 n2 h2
rotation produced is (1)
(a) 0c (b) 10c and potential energy of electron in n th state,
(c) 15c (d) 20c 4
Un =− me
Ans : (a) 0c 4ε 20 n2 h2
Given, Length of each polarimeter tube, Therefore, total energy of the electron in n th
state,
l = 0.29 m
Concentration of dextro rotatory solution in E = Kn + Un
first tube, me 4 − me 4
=
C1 = 60 kg − m−3 8ε 20 n2 h2 4ε 20 n2 h2
Specific rotation of dextro solution 4
=− me
s1 = 0.01 rad − m2 − kg−1 8ε 0 n h
2 2 2

Concentration of Laevo rotatory solution in Therefore, ratio of kinetic energy to total

second tube, energy of the electron

d me n
4
C2 = 30 kg − m−3
and specific rotation of laevo solution, 8ε 20 n2 h2
= =− 1
d− me n
4
s2 = 0.02rad − m2 − kg−1 8ε 20 n2 h2
We know that rotation of vibration plane due
13. For a transistor working as common-base
to dextro rotatory solution,
amplifier, the emitter current is 7.2 mA . If
θ 1 = s1 lC1 the current gain is 0.96, then the collector
= 0.01 # 0.29 # 60 current is .......... . (1)
= 0.17c (towards right) Ans : 6.91 mA
Similarly, rotation of the vibration plane due Given, Emitter current, IE = 7.2 mA
to Laevo rotatory solution,
And current gain, α = 0.96
θ 2 = s2 lC2 We know that collector current in common-
= 0.02 # 0.29 # 30 base amplifier,
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IC = αIE Since, the wires are connected in series,

= 0.96 # 7.2 = 6.91 mA therefore equivalent resistance of the
combination,
14. n identical small spherical drops, each of
radius r are charged to same potential V . R = R1 + R 2
They are combined to form a bigger drop. The = ρ1 l + ρ 2 l
potential of the big drop will be .......... . (1) A A
Ans : n2/3 V = (ρ 1 + ρ 2) l ...(1)
A
Given, Number of small drops = n We also know that resistance of two wires in
Radius of each small drop = r series combination,
andPotential of each small drop = V (l + l )
R = ρ eq 1 2
A
Since, volume of n small drops remains same
after forming the big drop. = ρ eq l + l = 2ρ eq l ...(2)
A A
Therefore, n # 4 πr 3 = 4 π R 3 Equating equations (1) and (2),
3 3
or R = n1/3 r 2ρ eq = ρ 1 + ρ 2
We also know that, charge on big drop, ρ + ρ2
or, ρ eq = 1
2
q2 = nq1
where, ρ eq = Equivalent resistivity of the
We also know that, potential of a spherical
combination.
drop,
or
q q
V = k: \ An electron of mass 9.1 # 10−31 kg under
r r
V1 = q1 r2 the action of a uniform magnetic field moves
Therefore, in a circle of radius 2 cm at a velocity
V2 q2 # r1
of 3 # 106 m − s−1 . If a proton of mass
=
q1 n1/3 r = 1
nq1 # r 1.67 # 10−27 kg were to move in a circle of
n2/3
the same radius in the same magnetic field,
V2 = n2/3 V1 = n2/3 V then its speed would be .......... .
where, V2 = Potential of big drop Ans : 1.6 # 103 m − s−1
q1 = Charge on small drop Given, Mass of electron,
R = Radius of big drop me = 9.1 # 10−31 kg
15. Two wires of the same dimensions but Radius of electron, re = 2 cm = 0.02 m
resistivities ρ 1 and ρ 2 are connected in series.
The equivalent resistivity of the combination Velocity of electron, υ e = 3 # 106 m − s−1
is .......... . (1) Mass of proton, m p = 1.67 # 10−27 kg
ρ + ρ2 and, Radius of proton, rp = 0.02 m
Ans : 1
2
We know that velocity of charged particle
Given, Resistivity of first wire = ρ 1 in circular path when it moves in uniform
magnetic field,
Resistivity of second wire = ρ 2
Bqr
Length of each wire, l = l1 = l 2 υ = ? 1
m m
And area of cross-section of each wire,
Therefore, υe = m p
A = A1 = A 2 υp me
We know that resistance of first wire,
υ p = me # υ e
mp
R1 = ρ 1 l1 = ρ 1 l
A1 A −31
Similarly, resistance of second wire, = 9.1 # 10 −27 # ^3 # 106h
1.67 # 10
R2 = ρ 2 l2 = ρ 2 l = 1.6 # 103 m − s−1
A2 A
where, υ p = Velocity of proton
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DIRECTION : (Q16-Q20) Answer the following: 1 =0

or
F
16. The lab instructor told a student that in a
galvanometer a coil has been wrapped on F =3
a conducting frame. Why? Which value is The focal length of the combination is
shown by the lab instructor? infinite. (1)
Ans : 20. A 10 m long horizontal straight wire
Eddy currents in conducting frame help in extending from East to West is falling
stopping the coil soon, i.e. in making the with a speed of 5m/s at right angles to
galvanometer dead beat. Value shown by the horizontal component of the Earth’s
lab instructor is ‘Imparting knowledge to magnetic field of 0.30 # 10−4 Wbm−2 . What
students’. (1) is the instantaneous value of the emf induced
in the wire?
17. The horizontal component of earth’s magnetic
Ans :
field at a place is B and angle of dip is 60c
. What is the value of vertical component of Given, l = 10 m
earth’s magnetic field at this place? V = 5 ms−1
Ans :
BH = 0.30 # 10−4 Wbm−2
Vertical component of earth’s magnetic field, Instantaneous value of the emf induced in
Bv = B sin θ = B sin 60c the wire,
3B e = BH lV
= (1)
2
= 0.30 # 10−4 # 10 # 5
18. The graph given below represents the = 1.5 # 10−3 V (1)
variation of the opposition offered by the
circuit element to the flow of alternating or
current with the frequency of the applied
An alternating current in a circuit is given
emf. Identify the circuit element.
by, I = 20 sin (100πt + 0.05π) A . What is the
rms value of current?
Ans :
Given, I = 20 sin (100πt + 0.05π) A
rms value of current is,
I rms = I 0
Ans : 2
From graph, it is clear that resistance Here, I 0 = 20
(opposition to current) is not changing with I rms = 20 = 10 2 A
frequency, i.e. resistance does not depend on 2
frequency of applied voltage, so the circuit
element here is pure resistance. (1)
Section B
19. A converging lens is kept coaxially in contact 21. Guess a possible reason, why water has a
with a diverging lens both the lenses being of much greater dielectric constant than mica?
equal focal lengths. What is the focal length Ans :
of the combination? Dielectric constant of water is much greater than
Ans : that of mica because of the following reasons
Let f and − f be focal lengths of the converging 1. Water has a symmetrical shape as
and the diverging lenses, respectively. compared to mica
Then, focal length of the combination is 2. Water has permanent dipole moment.(1+1)
given by 22. Apply Kirchhoff’s laws to the loops PRSP
1 =1+ 1 and PRQP to write the expressions for the
F f −f currents I1 , I2 and I 3 in the given circuit.

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As, m p > me , thus it is clear that for same

kinetic energy,
λe = m p
λp me
λ e > λ p , i.e. de-Broglie wavelength of electron
will be greater than that of a proton. (1)
25. (i) State Kirchhoff’s loop rule for an electrical
network.
Ans : (ii) State principle of working of a meter
bridge.
Apply Kirchhoff’s Ist law,
Ans :
I 3 = I 2 + I1 (1/2)
(i) Kirchhoff’s loop rule: In an electric circuit,
Applying Kirchhoff’s lInd law to loop PRSP ,
the algebraic sum of change in potential
− 20I 3 − 200I2 + 5 = 0 differences across the circuit elements of
40I2 + 4I 3 = 1 (1/2) any closed loop is zero. (1)
Applying Kirchhoff’s lInd law to loop PRQP (ii) Meter bridge works on the principle of a
, balanced wheatstone bridge.
According to this,
− 20I 3 − 60I1 + 4 = 0 (1)
15I1 + 5I 3 = 1
23. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation. Plot
a graph showing the variation of stopping
potential versus the frequency of incident
radiation.
Ans :
Einstein’s photoelectric equation is
h (v − v 0) = eV0 (1)
Where, v 0 is the threshold frequency, v is the
When the bridge is in the balance
frequency of incident radiation, h is Plank’s
condition, i.e.,
constant and V0 is the stopping potential
v 0 − v graph is shown below R1 = R 2
R3 R4
No current flows in the galvanometer.
This can be used to find the unknown
resistance, when the galvanometer shows
zero deflection. (1)
26. Calculate the distance of an object of height
(h) from a concave mirror of focal length
10 cm, so as to obtain a real image of
magnification 2.
Ans :
(1) Given, f =− 10 cm , m =− 2
24. An electron and a proton have the same
m =− v
kinetic energy. Which of the two has a greater u
wavelength? Explain.
− 2 =− v
Ans : u
v = 2u (1)
We know that de-Broglie wavelength is given by
Using mirror formula,
λ = h = h (1) 1+1 = 1
mv 2mK v u f
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1 +1 = 1 Ans :
2u u − 10
In 20Ca 40 nucleus, number of protons, P = 20
3 =− 1 and number of neutrons N = 40 − 20 = 20
2u 10
Mass of 20 neutrons and 20 protons
u =− 15 cm = 20 (mn + m p)
Thus, the object is placed in front of concave = 20 # 1.008665 + 20 # 1.007825
mirror at a distance of 15 cm (1)
= 40.3298 u
or
Mass defect, Tm = 40.3298 − 39.962589
A screen is placed 90 cm from an object. The
image is obtained on the screen by a convex = 0.367211 u
lens at two different locations separated by Total binding energy
20 cm. Determine the focal length of lens. = 0.367211 # 931
Ans :
= 341.873441 MeV
The two situation can be drawn as below. Binding Energy per nucleon,
Ebn = 341.873441
40
= 8.547 MeV/nucleon (2)

or
Using the Bohr’s model, calculate the speed
of the electron in a H-atom in the n = 1 and
2 levels.
Ans :
Let V1 be the orbital speed of the electron in
a H-atom in the ground state level, n1 = 1.
For charge (e) of an electron, V1 is given by
the relation

V1 = e2 = e
2

n1 4πε 0 b h l 2ε 0 h
2π
From question, it is given that,
where, e = 1.6 # 10−19 C
u + v = 90 ...(i)
ε 0 = permittivity of free space
and u − v = 20 ...(ii)
= 8.85 # 10−12 N−1 C2 m−2
Solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
h = Plank’s constant
u = 55 cm and v = 35 cm (1)
Using sign convension and lens formula, the = 6.63 # 10−34 J-s
focal length of lens is (1.6 # 10−19) 2
V1 =
1 =1−1 2 # 8.85 # 10−12 # 6.63 # 10−34
f v u = 0.0218 # 108
= 1 − 1 = 2.18 # 106 m/s
35 ^− 55h
= 90 We know that,Vn = V1 /n
35 # 55 For level, n2 = 2 , we can write the relation
& f = 21.39 cm (1) for the corresponding orbital speed as,
27. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon V2 = V1 = 2.18 # 10
6

of nucleus 20Ca 40 . Given mn and m p are 2 2

1.008665 u and 1.007825 u respectively and = 1.09 # 106 m/s
m (20Ca 40) = 39.962589 u .
Hence, the speed of the electron in a H-atom

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in n = 1 and n = 2 is 2.18 # 106 m/s and of induced current is always in such a way
1.09 # 106 m/s , respectively. (2) that it opposes the cause due to which it is
produced. (1)
Section C 30. A convex lens made of a material of refractive
index n1 is kept in a medium of refractive
28. In a single slit diffraction pattern, how index n2 . A parallel beam of light is incident
does the angular width of central maximum on the lens. Complete the path of rays of
changes when light emerging from the convex lens, if
1. Slit width is decreased? 1. n1 > n2
2. Distance between the slit and screen is 2. n1 = n2
increased? 3. n1 < n2 .
3. Light of smaller visible wavelength is
Ans :
used? Justify your answer in each case.
Ans : The path of rays of light emerging from the
convex lens in different cases is shown below.
We know that angular width of central
maximum of diffraction pattern of a single 1. n1 > n2
slit is given by,
2θ = 2λ
a
1. If slit width a is decreased, the angular
width will increases because 2θ ? a1 . (1)
2. If the distance between the slit and the (1)
screen increases, then it does not affect 2. n1 = n2
the angular width of diffraction maxima.
(1)
3. If the light of smaller visible wavelength
is used, the angular width is decreased
because 2θ ? λ. (1)
(1)
29. A circular coil of N -turns and radius R is 3. n1 < n2
kept normal to a magnetic field given by
B = B 0 cos ωt . Deduce an expression for the
emf induced in this coil. State the rule which
helps to detect the direction of induced
current.
Ans :
Induced emf in the coil, (1)
dφ
e =− N =− N d (BA cos θ) 31. (i) What will be the effect on the fringe
dt dt width, if the entire Young’s double slit
[φ = BA cos θ]
experiment’s apparatus is immersed in
=− N d (BA cos 0c) water?
dt
(ii) Draw a diagram showing the formation
=− NA dB [cos 0c = 1] (1) of primary rainbow and explain at what
dt angles the primary rainbow is visible.
=− NπR2 d (B 0 cos ωt) [A = πR2] Ans :
dt
= NπR2 ωB 0 sin ωt (i) We have, λ w = λ a
μw
i.e. the wavelength of light decreases in
:dt (cos ωt) =− ω sin ωtD
d
water.
(1)
Therefore, the fringe width β = Dλ , also
The direction of induced current is given d
decreases in water as β ? λ. (1)
by Lenz’s law which states the direction
(ii) Formation of primary rainbow
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low retentivity, low corecivity and low

hysteresis loss. (1)
(ii) (a) Variation of magnetic flux linked with
the loop

Figure: (a) Primary rainbow

The primary rainbow is formed by those
rays which suffer one internal reflection
and two refractions and come out of the (1)
raindrop at angle of minimum deviation. (b) Variation of induced emf in the loop
with time

Figure: (b) Angles of primary rainbow
The violet and red light colours emerge
at 40c and 42c, respectively and can be
viewed by observer. (2)
32. (i) Steel is preferred for making permanent
magnets, whereas soft iron is preferred for
making electron magnets. Why?
(ii) A uniform magnetic field exists normal to
the plane of the paper over a small region
of space. A rectangular loop of wire is
slowly moved with a uniform velocity
across the field as shown in the figure.
(1)
or
A small compass needle of magnetic moment
m and moment of inertia I is free to
oscillate in a magnetic field B . It is slightly
disturbed from its equilibrium position and
then released. Show that it executes simple
harmonic motion. Hence, write the expression
for its time period.
Ans :
Let a small magnetic needle of magnetic
moment m be freely suspended in a uniform
magnetic field B, so that in equilibrium
position, magnet comes to rest along the
direction of B.

Draw the graph showing the variation of

(a) Magnetic flux linked with the loop and
(b) The induced emf in the loop with time. Hence, Restoring torque,
Ans :
τ = m # B =− mB sin θ (1/2)
(i) Steel is preferred for making permanent If I is the moment of inertia of magnetic
magnets on account of its high retentivity needle about the axis of suspension, then
and high coercivity. Soft iron is preferred
τ = Iα = I d θ2
2
for making electromagnets on account of (1/2)
dt
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Hence, in equilibrium state, we have Ans :

I d θ2 =− mB sin θ A and B are the inputs of the given circuit.

2

dt The output of the first NOR gate is A + B .

If θ is small, then sin θ = θ , we get It can be observed from the figure, that the
outputs of the first NOR gate becomes the
I d θ2 =− mBθ
2

dt input of the second one.

d 2 θ =− mB θ (1/2)
dt2 I
But angular acceleration is directly
proportional to angular displacement and
directed towards the equilibrium position, (1)
motion of the magnetic needle is simple Hence, the output of the combination is given
harmonic motion. as,
Angular frequency of SHM, Y = (A + B) + (A + B)
mB
ω = (1) = (A + B) $ (A + B)
I
Time period of oscillation, = (A + B) $ (A + B)
= A+B (1)
T = 2π = 2π I (1/2) The truth table for this operation is given as,
ω mB
33. Find the half-life period of a radioactive A B Y = A+B
material, if its activity drops to (1/16)th of 0 0 0
its initial value in 30 yr. 0 1 1
Ans :
1 0 1
Activity ? Number of atoms present
1 1 1
Hence, N = N 0 , if t = 30yr (1) This is the truth table of an OR gate. Hence,
16
this circuit functions as an OR gate. (1)
Let half-life period of sample be T .
Number of atoms left after n half-lives is
given by, Section D
n
N = N0 b 1 l 35. Explain with the help of diagram, the
2 principle and working of an AC generator.
N = 1 n Write the expression for the emf generated in
N0 b 2 l the coil in terms of its speed of rotation.
1 = 1 n Ans :
16 b 2 l
The labelled diagram of an AC generator is
& 2n = 16 = 2 4 shown below
& n =4
Hence, Half-life period,
T = t = 30
n 4
= 7.5 yr (2)
34. Write the truth table for circuit given in figure
below consisting of NOR gates and identify
the logic operation (OR, AND, NOT) which
this circuit is performing.

(1)

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Principle = 100 # 220

An AC generator is based on the principle = 22000 V (1)
of electromagnetic induction. If a rectangular
armature rotates about its axis in a uniform 4. Is = IP = 5 = 0.05 A (1)
K 100
magnetic field, then the magnetic flux linked
with the coil changes and an emf is induced 5. Output power = Vs # Is = 22000 # 0.05
in the coil. The direction of induced current = 1100 W (1)
is given by Fleming right hand rule. (1) 36. (i) What do you mean by the polarisation
Working of light? Define law of Malus and then
When an armature coil of N turns and each show that the intensity of light becomes
turn enclosing area A is placed in a uniform half, when ordinary light is incident on a
magnetic field of strength (B) making an polariser.
angle θ with normal to the direction of (ii) Two polarising sheets have their polarising
magnetic field. direction parallel, so that the intensity
Magnetic flux linked with the coil is of the transmitted light is maximum.
φ = B $ A = NBA cos θ . Through what angle must the either sheet
As, the coil is rotated about its own axis with be turned, if the intensity is to drop by
an angular speed (ω), then value of angle θ one half?
= ωt and hence, magnetic flux changes and
Ans :
an induced emf is developed across the ends
of coil. (2) (i) Polarisation of light : The ordinary light
Hence, Induced emf, have electric vectors in all possible di-
dφ rections in a plane perpendicular to the
ε =− = NBAω sin ωt = ε 0 sin ωt direction of propagation of light waves.
dt
Where, ε 0 = NBAω = maximum (peak) value When it is pass through a tourmaline
of induced emf. Induced emf is sinusoidal in crystal, then in transmitted light, only
nature. (1) those electric vectors are present which
are parallel to the axis of crystal.
or
The primary coil of an ideal step-
up transformer has 100 turns and the
transformation ratio is also 100. The input
voltage and the power are 220 V and 1100
W. Find:
1. Number of turns in secondary
2. The current in the primary
3. Voltage across the secondary
4. The current in the secondary Such light is called plane polarised light.
5. Power in the secondary. The phenomena of restricting the electric
vectors of light into particular direction is
Ans :
called polarisation of light. The tourmaline
Given, crystal acts as a polariser. (1 1 2)
NP = 100 , k = 100 , Law of Malus:
when completely plane polarised light is
VP = 220 V , Pin = 1100 W
incident on an analyser, the intensity of
1. NS = K $ N P transmitted light is proportional to the
= 100 # 100 square of the cosine of the angle between the
plane of polariser and analyser.
= 10000 (1)
I ? cos2 θ & I = I 0 cos2 θ (1)
2. IP = Pin = 1100 Where, I 0 is the intensity of incident light.
VP 220
Let the intensity of the ordinary light be
= 5A (1) I 0 and it is incident on a polariser.
3. Vs = K $ VP In ordinary light, electric vectors are
in all possible directions and therefore,
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Physics XII Sample Paper 2 Solved www.cbse.online

intensity of transmitted light is medium is μ , then μ = tan i p

I = I 0 (cos2 θ) av [average value of cos2 θ ] This relation is called Brewster’s law,
2π
which gives relation angle of polarisation
Here,(cos θ) av = 1
2
# cos θdθ 2 (iP ) and angle of refraction.
2π According to the Brewster’s law,
0
2π μ = tan i p
1 + cos 2θ dθ
= 1
2π # : 2 D
or μ =
sin i p
...(i)
0 cos i p
= 1 :θ + sin 2θ D According to Snell’s law,
2π

4π 2 0 Refractive index,
= 1 :2π + sin 4π − 0D μ =
sin i p
...(ii) (1)
4π 2 sin rp
= 1 # 2π = 1 From Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
4π 2 sin i p sin i p
=
Hence, I = I0 (1 1 2) cos i p sin rp
2
& cos i p = sin rp
2. We know that, I = I 0
2 or sin (90c − i p) = sin rp
Using Malus’s law,
6cos θ = sin (90c − θ)@
I = I 0 cos θ 2
(90c − i p) = rp
I 0 = I cos2 θ
2 0 & i p + rp = 90c (1)
2. Let I 0 be the intensity of polarised light
cos2 θ = 1
2 transmitted by first polariser P1 . Then,
the intensity of light transmitted by
cos θ = ! 1
2 second polariser P2 will be,
& θ = ! 45c, ! 135c (1) I = I 0 (cos2 θ)
or As, P1 and P3 are crossed, the angle
1. Define Brewster’s law. Show that the between P2 and P3 will be (π/2 − θ).
sum of angle of polarisation and angle of The intensity of light transmitted by P3
refraction is 90c. will be,
2. Discuss the intensity of transmitted light, I = I 0 cos2 θ cos2 (π/2 − θ)
when polaroid sheet is rotated between
two crossed polaroid. = I 0 cos2 θ sin2 θ − I 0 sin2 2θ
4
Ans : The transmitted intensity will be maximum
1. Brewster’s Law : When un-polarised When,
light is incident on a transparent medium
2θ = π/2
at polarising angle , the reflected light
becomes completely polarised. (1) & θ = π/4 (1)
37. Find an expression for the capacitance of a
parallel plate capacitor. An air capacitor has
a capacitance of 2 μF , which becomes 12 μF
, when a dielectric medium is filled in the
space between the plates. Find dielectric
constant of that material.
Ans :
Suppose a parallel plate capacitor consists
of two conducting parallel plates X and Y ,
each of cross-sectional area A and separated
(1) by a distance d consisting of material having
If refractive index of the transparent dielectric constant K .

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Physics XII Sample Paper 2 Solved www.rava.org.in

distance 2a . We have to find electric field at

a point P on equatorial line separated by a
distance r from centre O .

+ q charge is given to plate X while plate Y

is connected to the earth. (1)
Charge density on plates,
q
σ =
A
Electric field intensity between the plates,
E = σ (1)
Kε 0 (2)
We know that potential difference between Electric field at point P due to charge + q .
plates, q
EA = 1 $
4πε 0 ^ r + a2 h2
V =Ed = σ d
2
(1)
Kε 0 q
Substituting the value of σ , we get = 1 $ 2 , along (AP)
4πε 0 (r + a2)
q
V = d Electric field at point P due to charge − q ,
AKε o
The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor, q
EB = 1 $ 2 , (along PB) (2)
4πε 0 ^r + a2h
q q
C = =
V qd On resolving EA and EB into rectangular
c KAε 0 m
components, EA sin θ and EB sin θ cancel each
= b KAε 0 l (1) other. [E A = E B ]
d Hence, Resultant electric field at point P ,
For air, the capacitance of the capacitor, E = EA cos θ + EB cos θ
C 0 = Aε 0 = 2 μF
q
...(i) = 2# 1 $ 2 cos θ
d 4πε 0 (r + a2)
When a dielectric medium is placed between
8 EA = EB B
the plates,
2q a
= 1 $ 2
then C = KAε 0 = 12 μF ...(ii) 4πε 0 (r + a2) # (r2 + a2)
d
OB a
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get ;cos θ = BP = r2 + a2 E
KAε 0
b d l But, q $ 2a = p , electric dipole moment.
= 12 p
Aε 0 2 Hence, E = 1 $ 2 (1/2)
b d l 4πε 0 (r + a2) 3/2
& K =6 (1) If r > a , then r2 >> a2
or Therefore, neglecting a2 in comparison to r2
Find an expression for the electric field , we get
intensity at a point on equatorial line due to p
E = 1 $ 3
an electric dipole. 4πε 0 r
Ans : In opposite direction of electric dipole
moment. (1/2)
Consider an electric dipole AB , consists
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