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TPS Snippet

Question
1: Case Snippet 1

A) A pollution control inspector suspected that a riverside community was releasing

semi-treated sewage into a river and this, as a consequence, was reducing the level
of dissolved oxygen of the river. He drew 15 randomly selected specimens of river
water at a location above the town and another 15 specimens below to check this.
The dissolved oxygen readings, in parts per million, are given in the accompanying
table:

Above Town Below Town

5.2 4.2
4.8 4.4
5.1 4.7
5 4.9
4.9 4.6
4.8 4.8
5 4.9
4.7 4.6
4.7 5.1
5 4.3
4.7 5.5
5.1 4.7
5 4.9
4.9 4.8
4.9 4.7

Is the suspicion of the pollution control inspector valid? Did he have to do any assumptions
to test his suspicion?

Answer:

 𝐻0H0: 𝜇𝐴μA - 𝜇𝐵μB = 0 i.e 𝜇𝐴μA = 𝜇𝐵μB
 𝐻𝐴HA: 𝜇𝐴μA - 𝜇𝐵μB ≠≠ 0 i.e 𝜇𝐴μA ≠≠ 𝜇𝐵

Ho(Null Hypothesis) = The mean dissolved oxygen at the location above town and below
town is same.
Ha(Alternate Hypothesis) = At least for one of the location mean dissolved oxygen is
different.
Where Alpha = 0.05
If the p-value is < 0.05, then we reject the null hypothesis.
If the p-value is > 0.05, then we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Confidence Interval – 95%

Level of Significance = 0.05

Two-sample t-tests beings performed which compare the means of precisely two groups.

Based upon the data received and by analyzing and performing Two Sample T test in excel
and python notebook, the results given below:

Above Town     Below Town  

       
Mean 4.92 Mean 4.74
Standard Error 0.04047339 Standard Error 0.08269278
Median 4.9 Median 4.7
Mode 5 Mode 4.7
Standard Deviation 0.15675276 Standard Deviation 0.32026775
Sample Variance 0.02457143 Sample Variance 0.10257143
Kurtosis -0.8838457 Kurtosis 1.33897817
Skewness 0.00513553 Skewness 0.52867165
Range 0.5 Range 1.3
Minimum 4.7 Minimum 4.2
Maximum 5.2 Maximum 5.5
Sum 73.8 Sum 71.1
Count 15   Count 15
Two Sample T Test assuming Equal Variances:

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances    

   
  Above Town Below Town
Mean 4.92 4.74
Variance 0.024571429 0.102571429
Observations 15 15
Pooled Variance 0.063571429  
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0  
df 28  
t Stat 1.955114296  
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.030309123  
t Critical one-tail 1.701130934  
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.060618247  
t Critical two-tail 2.048407142  

Mean for Above Town = 4.92, Mean for Below Town = 4.74

Degree of Freedom = n1 + n2 – 2 = 28

T_Statistic = 1.955

P_Value( 2-Tail ) = 0.0606

Python Output by using statistical methods:

Boxplot graph:
Distplot diagram:

Based upon the output found in Excel and Python:

We fail to reject (H0) Null Hypothesis (Accept H0), P value > 0.05 level of significance as P value =
0.0606. We came to the conclusion that there is no indication of any difference in mean dissolved
oxygen at the location above town and below town.

Candidate Name: Rishi Kalpa Mukherjee