Breaking News English!

A Complete Guide to Understanding English News

ANSWER KEY

Chapter 1

A (P. 10) 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b
B (P. 10) 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
C (P. 10)

1. array 2. compensate 3. premium 4. plummet 5. migrate

6. circulation 7. revenue 8. unprecedented 9. monetize 10. dizzying

D (P. 11) 1. c 2. f 3. e 4. a 5. b 6. d

Chapter 3

4 (P.19)
good bad happy strange
1 excellent atrocious ecstatic bizarre
2 super dreadful joyous weird
3 great substandard cheerful peculiar
4 nice poor upbeat odd

5 (P.20)
positive (less negative) negative (less positive)

1 naval officers commandos

2 stopped raided
3 peace activists militants
4 to bring supplies to the trying to provide support to the
imprisoned people of Gaza terrorist group Hamas in Gaza
5 killing murdering

7 (P. 22)

bulldozed edged finished off

succumb comes up short chokes

A (P.25) 1. a 2. b

1
C (P.25)

1. Activists 2. Fanatics 3. leaders; advocates

4. charismatic; antagonists 5. Combat; retreating; fighters

Chapter 4

PREVIEW EXERCISES
2 (P.32)
1. BP is working to formulate a new approach to the oil spill
2. The Bodies of 21 babies were found by (next to) a China (Chinese) river
3. McDonald’s is going to expand in China
4. The Polish leader dies (has died) in a Russia (Russian) jet crash
5. More than 130 people were injured in (the) Thai ‘Red Shirt’ crackdown

3 (P.32)
1. C 2. F, H 3. D, A 4. B, E 5. I, G

4 (P.33)
1. A local support group for illegal immigrants is planning a protest.
2. An outbreak of disease has killed 100 people in China.
3. More soldiers are needed to help soldiers already there, a general said.
4. A possible law is intended to withdraw the citizenship of some Americans.
5. A suspicious truck caused people to be frightened that it might contain a bomb at a museum.

5 (P.33)
1. Gates concerned over Blackwater’s conduct: Pentagon
2. Al Qaeda threatens to kill Iraqis who vote in elections
3. Russians seethe over VIP car crash in Moscow
4. Glacier melting key to tracking global warming
5. Apple delays iPad launch to April 3

Chapter 5

1 (P. 36)
2. Main subject-verb-object Twin car bombs and attacks killed 52 people
Six journalist's questions

who factory workers; security forces

what twin car bombs . . . killed . . . people
where Iraq

when yesterday (May 10, 2010)

why (not given)

how coordinated attacks; 52 people; in more than two weeks

2
3 (P.38)
2 Who Tiger Woods finds his comeback chances cloudy after injury . . .
3 What A criminal court acquitted Kuwaitis of plotting . . .
4 When For the first time as president, Barack Obama delivered a
commencement address to a black college . . .
5 Where Hong Kong regulators are seeking to ban Tiger Asia Management from
trading . . .
6 Why Losses at Hindustan Motors are raising questions about the company’s
survival.
7 How Roberto Luongo bounced back from a horror stretch to help the
Vancouver Canucks beat the Chicago Blackhawks.

Chapter 6

1 ARTICLE (P.42)
1) Six journalist's questions:

who Somali pirates; captive crew members

what released the Bermuda-flagged MV Talca
where MOGADISHU (Somalia); Bermuda-flagged; en route to Iran from Egypt
when Around Tue, May 11; seized on March 23

why ransom paid

how seized; how many?: 19 vessels and more than 350 crew members still captive

2)
a. Andrew Mwangura, head of the East Africa Seafarers' Assistance Program.
b. 23 Sri Lankans, one Filipino and one Syrian.
c. Safe.
3)
a. A pirate named Ali.
b. How much ransom the pirates received, when they freed the ship, and how they feel.
c. US$2.5 million.
d. Late last night.
e. Happy.
f. The pirate haven of Bargal.
4)
a. It has earned the gunmen tens of millions of dollars in ransoms.
b. It has jacked up insurance premiums for ships.
c. It has forced some ships to take longer, more costly routes to avoid pirate hotspots.

3
1 (P.44)

Synonyms

A plants and animals B Frogs and other amphibians; coral reefs; plant species
at risk of in danger; threatened
collapse extinction; deteriorating
U.N. U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity
report white paper

2 (P.45)
a. Long delays in getting approval for mergers and acquisitions.
b. Intellectual property laws are not enforced.

Chapter 7

1 (P.46)
who: government officials; commuters; Russians
where: Afghanistan; Russia
how: How many?: 30,000 people die directly; 100,000 die in drug-related circumstances; 120,000
people jailed; How much?: 70 tons; US$2.50

(P. 48) Six journalist's questions

who Faisal Shahzad

what was arrested; tried to explode a bomb in a 1993
Nissan Pathfinder

where JFK Airport; Times Square

when Saturday evening

why on terrorism and weapons charges

how explode a crude gasoline-and-propane bomb

a. The threat of homegrown violent extremism.

b. The increasing number of U.S. citizens/residents charged with terrorist activities on U.S. soil
recently.

(P. 49)
1. “handsome and well-dressed”, “had a pretty 28-year-old wife who adored him and two young
children”; “M.B.A. and a passion for sports”
2. It describes the appearance of his life as “living a typical American life.”
3. It means that he was not strange in any way.
4. It raises the question, why did this man become a terrorist?
5. a) increasing worries that the U.S.’s next terrorist incident is likely to emerge from within the
country

4
 b) a dozen U.S. citizens or residents arrested over the past two years for terrorism-related
incidents

Chapter 8

4 (P. 52)
1. nail in the coffin 2. cradle-to-grave 3. Euro-style
4. nanny state 5. dole out

(P. 53)
Statement Over the last decade, yearly defense spending has nearly doubled to US$549
of billion, with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan adding another US$159 billion in
Fact: 2010 alone.

Statement The feeding frenzy at the Pentagon budget trough must stop. Since the 9-11
of attacks, pretty much anything the military chiefs and industry lobbyists have
Opinion: wanted, Congress has approved—regardless of the costs and regardless of
whether the weapons systems were over budget, no longer needed or simply
ineffective.

Language use: 1. a 2. b 3. a
Summary: The defense budget is too high and full of weapons that are not effective or needed, and
must be limited.

(P. 54)

Statement In Maine, Republican activists pushed through a party platform that calls for the
of abolition of both the Federal Reserve and the Department of Education, while in
Fact Utah, Republicans have dropped very conservative, three-term senator Robert
Bennett from the ballot

Statement because he’s not conservative enough. It’s becoming ever more apparent that the
of Opinion true power within the Republican Party is held by the ranting AM radio talk show
hosts.

Vocabulary:
activists 4
party platform 6

abolition 2
conservative 5

apparent 3
ranting 1

Summary: Three examples are offered providing evidence that the US Republican Party is
becoming more extreme in its views.

5
5 (P. 55)
1. Military chiefs and industry lobbyists.
2. They indicate these are the words of Secretary Gates.
3. a) O b) F

6 (P. 56)
It tells the reader that the right wing will lose some of its power if the economy recovers, but will
continue to play a dominant role in the party as it always has.

(P. 57)
1. It states that the defense budget will not be easily reformed.
2. Because vested interests are intent on business as usual.
3. The House Armed Services Subcommittee added almost US$400 million to the Pentagon’s $9.9
billion 2011 request for missile defense, including $50 million for a laser that experts agree
doesn’t work and that Gates canceled last year.

Chapter 9

1 (P. 60) 1. c 2. b 3. e 4. a 5. d
A (P. 64)

1. prominent 2. vicious 3. constitutionally 4. allegations

5. legitimate 6. fond 7. indulge 8. alienate

9. conundrum 10. momentum 11. dank 12. unfit

13. fringe 14. mainstream 15. movement 16. pastime

B (P. 65)
1. Baseball and hot dog-eating contests.
2. Bill Clinton murdered Vince Foster; George Bush brought down the Twin Towers; Barack Obama is
not the legitimate president of the United States.
3. That Barack Obama was born outside the U.S.—which makes him unqualified to serve as
president.
4. Orly Taitz is a prominent figure in the Birther movement, who challenges Republicans around the
country with reams of documents she says “prove” Obama is really foreign-born.
5. They could force the party to pay too much attention to a fringe (not mainstream) issue that
could alienate the majority of voters.
6. d

C (P. 65) 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F

Chapter 10

2 (P. 67) a. 5 b. 3 c. 1 d. 2 e. 4
4 (P. 67)
1. nation created in 1947 by the UN as a homeland for Jewish people in the region historically
inhabited by the Hebrew/Jewish people
2. adjective describing followers of Judaism, a monotheistic (one-god) religion that worships
Yahweh as the creator of all
3. lands originally controlled by the British that were divided in 1947 between Jewish and Muslim
populations, consisting of two separated areas, Gaza and the West Bank

6
 4. adjective describing the people and culture of the Arabian Peninsula; as Arabia is the homeland of
Islam, this culture has had a huge influence on Islamic culture around the world.
5. ”one who submits”—noun/adjective describing followers of Islam; other adjectives include Islamic

A (P. 70) 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. b 7. a 8. b 9. a 10. b

11. b 12. b
B (P. 70) 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T

C (P. 71)
1. Asal Tech’s European-educated manager.
2. Creating hope.
3. To keep their own people in fear, so they can stay in power.
4. An average citizen.
5. Throwing bombs at each other.
6. b

Chapter 11

1 (P. 72) 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. e 5. d

4 (P. 73) 1. c 2. d 3. f 4. e 5. b 6. a
A (P. 76) 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. b
B (Pp. 76-77) 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. a 10. b

Chapter 12

2 (P. 78) 1. b 2. d 3. e 4. c 5. a

4 (P. 79) 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. a
8. b 9. a 10. b 11. b 12. b 13. a 14. a
A (P. 81)
1. market tumult; continued economic expansion is far from assured; Greek contagion; euro
plunged 18%; Dow Jones sank
2. head of Blackrock’s two-billion-pound Gold and General Fund
3. Gold has been a store of value.
4. investments not traded on equities markets, such as leasing
5. tax advantages; need not factor in loss of value through depreciation

Chapter 13

2 (P. 82) 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. b
A (P. 84) 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b
B (P. 84)
1. Both were blamed on poor working conditions and low wages.
2. In the eastern cities of Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Shanghai.
3. Guangdong Party head Wang Yang.
4. They may benefit workers and stimulate local consumerism.
5. They may put pressure on investors needing to sell cheap goods to international markets.
C (P. 85) 1. b 2. a 3. a
D (P. 85)
1. referring to populations
2. (noun) relying on

7
 3. manufacturing system for producing mass amounts of identical products
4. to use as a resource
5. to change the form or condition of something
6. to produce in mass quantities
7. position in life, as determined by money

E (P. 85) 1. c 2. d 3. f 4. b 5. e 6. a

Chapter 14

2 (P. 86)
1. enact 2. measures 3. sounding alarms 4. tentative
5. hikes 6. aftermath 7. choke off

(P. 87)
who governments, many economists

what sounding alarms that cuts may shut down Europe’s tentative recovery
where Europe
when now, at a time when consumers and businesses are still struggling with the
aftermath of the global economic meltdown

why could depress spending, choke off productivity

how tax hikes and spending cuts

3 (P. 87)
Economists warn that Europe’s budget-cutting might actually push the still-weak economy back
into recession by reducing spending and productivity.

A (P. 89) 1. c 2. d 3. f 4. h 5. a 6. g 7. b 8. e
B (P. 90) 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B
C (P. 90)
1. The Nobel laureate economist who is against the budget cuts.
2. Italy, Spain, and Portugal.
3. The IMF and investors.
4. Slashing budgets and raising taxes.
5. To reduce their deficits.
D (P. 90) 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F

Chapter 15

1 (P. 91)
Company Brand

Volkswagen AG Lamborghini
Ford Motor Company Mercury
Tata Motors Jaguar

8
 Zhejiang Geely Holding Co. Volvo
Honda Motor Company Acura
General Motors Company Chevrolet
Daimler AG SMART

4 (P. 92) 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a

A (P. 94) 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. b

B (P. 94)
1. d 2. a 3. b 4. e 5. c
1. 2 2. 4 3. 3 4. 1 5. 5
C (P. 95) 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. b

Chapter 16

3 (P. 96) 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a

A (P. 98) 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a
B (P. 98) 1. d 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. b
C (Pp. 98-99)

1. fueled by 2. puts the spotlight on 3. come into play

4. breakneck speed 5. let go

Chapter 17

A (P. 102) 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. d
B (P. 103)

Odyssey A large crater

Opportunity A rover trapped in sand
Home Plate The location of the immobile rover
Spirit A rover that is fully functional
Troy An orbiting spacecraft

C (P. 103) 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. a 6. c 7. d 8. b 9. d
D (P. 103)
1. It didn’t have enough power (to maintain its systems operations).
2. To record geological data on the Martian surface.
3. 4.8 miles/7.72 kilometers.
4. 90 days.

9
 Chapter 18

A (P. 106) 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T
B (P. 106) 1. S 2. C 3. C 4. S
C (P. 106) 1. d 2. i 3. b 4. h 5. a 6. k 7. c 8. e 9. j 10. g 11. f
D (P. 107)
1. It may wreak havoc on ecosystems and they say he is playing god.
2. He helped map the human genome.
3. With a digitized blueprint of the bacterium’s genome.
4. Two days.

Chapter 19

2 (P. 108) 1. e 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. d

3 (P. 109)
'
1. brilliant 2. liken 3. reflective 4. hype
5. launch 6. niche 7. stimulate 8. backlit
9. champion 10. resemble 11. dedicated 12. relentless
13. ironically 14. conventional 15. revolutionize

A (P. 112) 1. e 2. f 3. g 4. h 5. d 6. b 7. a 8. c
B (P. 112)
1. A correspondent for Wired magazine; he feels iPad’s multi-functionality will be a critical factor.
2. Reflective screens and long battery life.
3. CFO of Amazon; he feels the two products are in different categories.
4. Relentless hype creating awareness, propelling from niche to mainstream market.
5. Smartphones also have cameras as one function, but they haven’t reduced sales of digital
cameras, which only have one feature. Similarly, iPads have an e-book as one of many functions,
but they predict dedicated e-books will continue to sell.
6. Techno-pundits; netbooks, e-books and PCs.

C (P. 113)
1. The iPad lacks Kindle’s— and all e-books’ —two core features: reflective screens and long battery
life.
2. At the launch of the iPad on January 27, Apple CEO Steve Jobs promised that it would
“revolutionize” computing.
3. All e-books offer readers reflective screens that are easier on the eyes than conventional LCD
screens.
4. Pre-iPad launch, only about 20 percent of Americans had even heard of Amazon’s Kindle.
5. Amazon’s first-quarter sales and profits were up 69% on the strength of Kindle sales.

Chapter 20

3 (P. 115)

1. characterize 2. power 3. theme 4. infrastructure 5. massive 6. attendant

10
 7. licensing 8. store 9. inevitable 10. asset 11. personnel

A (P. 117)
1. Three: consumer cloud, utility computing, and SaaS.
2. A style of computing over the Internet.
3. Hacking - security breaches.
4. The growing popularity of mobile Internet devices and Wi-Fi.
5. Enterprises accessing virtual servers over the Internet.
6. Software as a Service; users access software from a provider for a subscription.

B (P. 117) 1. D 2. A 3. NS 4. A 5. NS

Chapter 21

2 (P. 118) 1. raises; may 2. insufficient; rising

A (P. 121)
1. decimate (v.) 2. annihilation (n.) 3. catastrophe (n.)
4. disaster (n.) 5. devastate (v.)

B (P. 121)
1. marine 2. slick 3. spew 4. frigid 5. pristine 6. dissolve

7. unprecedented 8. deplete 9. cascade 10. diffuse 11. suffocate 12. fracture

C (P. 122)
1. Because the oil is being dissolved into the water, making for danger to underwater ecosystems.
2. Oil is being released directly from the seafloor nearly a mile below the surface, under tremendous
pressure and extremely frigid temperatures. Additionally, the oil is mixed with methane, which
fractures the oil and allows it to dissolve directly into the water. The results are massive
underwater plumes.
3. They will deplete oxygen; plankton are the basis of the food chain.
4. Total destruction of the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem; global impact.
5. The scientist who first discovered the plumes.

Chapter 22

A (P. 126) 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. a 10. a

11. b 12. b
B (P. 126) 1. d 2. f 3. e 4. a 5. b 6. c
C (Pp. 126-127)
1. macaques in Japan, boars in Berlin, coyotes and turkeys in NYC
2. b
3. a) N b) P c) P
4. Humans encroached on wilderness, displacing the cougars’ usual prey, and present easy targets
for hungry cougars.
5. By preserving forestland in arrays of parks and preserves.
6. It is a dense urban area.

11
D (P. 127)

1. Agree 2. Doesn’t Say 3. Agree 4. Agree 5. Disagree

E (P. 127)

3. centralize; centralization 4. colonize; colonization

5. stabilize; stabilization 6. legalize; legalization

Chapter 23

A (P. 130)
1. People with seemingly incurable diseases that are willing to pay top dollar for experimental stem
cell treatment in China.
2. Loose regulations and government support.
3. Some conditions can improve anyway, without treatment; no standardized clinical trials.
4. Undeveloped optic nerves, which cause blindness and poor balance.
5. Her parents; a BBC documentary.
B (P. 130) 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T
C (P. 130)

1. skeptical (7) 2. unproven (2 and 6) 3. experimental (4)

4. seemingly (6) 5. claim (7)

(P. 131)

1. untreatable (6) –incurable

2. debatable (2) –controversial

3. observable (4) –detectable

4. restrictions (6) –constraints

5. center (6) –hub
6. tests (7) –trials

D (P. 131)

1. trials 2. hub 3. constraints

4. detectable 5. controversial 6. incurable

Chapter 24

A (P. 134) 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. b
B (P. 134)
1. Who is Brian M. Delaney
2. What are the three reasons why calorie restriction diets might not work with humans

12
 3. How many fewer calories are consumed in a calorie-restricted diet
4. Where was the study on rhesus monkeys conducted
5. How much longer do organisms on calorie-restricted diets seem to live

C (P. 135) 1. NP 2. P 3. P 4. NP 5. P 6. NP

D (P. 135)

1. metabolism (1) effect/influence

2. immortality (1) can be transferred to
3. conclusively (3) huge/ a lot
4. translatable (4) a routine
5. replicate (6) mammal in the family of monkeys, apes,
and humans
6. revving up (5) living forever/never dying
7. regimen (6, 7) increasing in intensity
8. tremendous (8) decisively
9. impact on (8) to create the same condition
10. primate (4) the body’s inner “speed”

Chapter 25

1 (Pp. 136-137)

sport/activity verb score place equipment event

aerobics do *** gym/health club music ***
baseball play runs diamond gloves, bats, game/series
etc.
basketball play basket court net game/series
bicycling go time bike paths bicycle race

hiking go *** forest/mountains boots ***

martial arts do hits dojo belt, gloves, match
nunchucks,
swords, etc.
soccer/football play points field/pitch net match/tournament

weight training do *** gym/health club weights lifts

A (P. 140)
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. a 10. b
B (P. 140) 1. b 2. d 3. e 4. c 5. a
C (Pp. 140-141) 1. d 2. f 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. e

13
 a. in contention for
b. side by side
c. body paint

d. host country
e. packed into
f. opening ceremony

D (P. 141)
1. The beginning of the World Cup.
2. U.S. Vice President Joe Biden, Mexican President Felipe Calderon, South African President Jacob
Zuma, Desmond Tutu, etc.
3. Nelson Mandela; he was grieving the death of a great-granddaughter who was killed in a traffic
accident.
4. Mexico and South Africa, who played to a 1-1 draw.
5. The inside of a beehive; fans were blowing vuvuzelas, a horn that South African fans like.

E (P. 141) 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F

Chapter 26

1 (P. 143) 1. a 2. c 3. g 4. d 5. b 6. e 7. h 8. f

2 (P. 144)

Headline Dateline Lead

Lakers winners of second straight NBA title 2 a
Celtics edged out by Lakers 84-79 in Game 7 1 b

3 (P. 145) 1. d 2. f 3. g 4. e 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. i 9. j 10. h

A (P. 148) 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. a

B (Pp. 148-149)
1. a
2. b
3. Their players were too old and they weren’t playing very good basketball in the second half of the
season.
4. The Celtics were winning for three quarters, but lost in the end.
5. 16 and 17; the Celtics.
6. At the end of the game.
C (P. 149) 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F

Chapter 27

3 (P. 151)

1. cinematic 2. ecosystem 3. animated 4. mineral

14
5. spectacular 6. luminescence 7. brazen 8. lush
9. haunt 10. interact 11. climax 12. paralyzed
13. humanoids 14. watershed 15. avatar 16. breathtaking
17. sensuous 18. disrupted

A (P. 154) 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. e 5. a
B (Pp. 154-155)
1. Unobtanium.
2. Terminator 2 and Titanic.
3. They are epic films that broaden the cinematic imagination and show us what we never even
dreamed possible.
4. Flowers shine with luminescence, flying reptiles fill its skies and six-legged horses haunt its
jungles.
5. b
6. They want to negotiate a compromise so they can get the mineral unobtanium.
7. A rollercoaster.

Chapter 28

1 (P. 157) 1. c 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. c

3 (P. 158)

Headline Lead
Headline A b
Headline B d
Headline C a
Headline D e
Headline E c

Headlines B, C, E Headline D Headline A

A (P. 161)
1. June 26, 2009.
2. He died of cardiac arrest.
3. He was found in his home in Hollywood.
4. Sources close to the performer.
5. The family had been fearing he would die from drug abuse.
6. Jackson’s personal physician.
7. c

B (P. 161)

1. Bizarre 2. Legendary 3. Unconscious 4. Pulse

15
 5. Revive 6. Physician 7. Detectives 8. Overshadowed
9. Molestation 10. Reputation 11. Paramedics 12. Pharmaceutical

Chapter 29

A (P. 164)

1. well-heeled 2. four-legged friend 3. pooch

4. think again 5. touched by 6. departed; deceased; late

B (P. 164) 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. b
C (P. 164) 1. c 2. f 3. d 4. g 5. b 6. a 7. e

D (P. 165)
1. A clone is a genetically identical copy of an animal.
2. BioArts International of California.
3. The example of Trakr, the search-and-rescue and 9-11 hero dog.
4. a
5. Embryos are made from genetic material taken from tissue from the pet, and then implanted into
surrogate mother dogs.
6. Because the practice of pet cloning is characterized by surrogate animals suffering miscarriages,
the deaths of most clones soon after birth and scores of unhealthy animals produced in the
process.

E (P. 165) 1. NS 2. D 3. A 4. NS

Chapter 30

A (P. 168)
1. h 2. b 3. e 4. j 5. g 6. k 7. i 8. f 9. a 10. d 11. c
B (P. 168) 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F

C (P. 168)
1. While a businessman in Japan in the 1990s, he found that his Japanese, Korean and Chinese
counterparts could communicate far more easily with each other using English than they could
with native speakers.
2. 1,500; Nerriere; jpn-globish.com.
3. It derives from the observation that some kind of English is spoken everywhere.
4. It’s a new lingua franca—a simplified “traders tongue” that lubricates the world of international
business, finance, and diplomacy.
5. There are no idioms that native speakers use to express familiarity.
6. It allows them to speak easily on a variety of topics.

D (P. 169)
1. These flat bread-like cakes were just cooked and are very hot.
2. I want to finish this now because I already have too much to do.
3. The daughter of my brother/sister is coming to my house soon.
4. The chipmaker will cost down next quarter.
5. Where were you? I didn’t see you for a long time.

16
 Chapter 31

A (P. 172)
1. Nine.
2. The Japanese.
3. The Americans.
4. The Italians.
5. Chinese, Indian and Japanese tourists.

B (P. 172)

Rank Elegance Cleanliness Willingness to learn a Generosity

new language
1 Italians (not given) Americans Americans
2 British (not given) (not given) (not given)
3 French French (not given) (not given)

B (P. 173)

1. politeness 2. arrogance 3. dominance 4. annoyance

5. lateness 6. carelessness 7. fragrance

C (P. 173)
1. a 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. a 8. b 9. a

Chapter 32

PREVIEW EXERCISES
(P. 174) 1. c 2. f 3. h 4. g 5. a 6. d 7. e 8. b
A (P. 176) 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. c
B (P. 176) 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. b
C (P. 177) 1. against 2. for

Chapter 33

A (P. 180) 1. d 2. a 3. c 4. b
B (Pp. 180-181)

1. sweeping; h 2. mixed; j 3. place; i 4. press; c 5. address; a

6. potential; g 7. trail; b 8. adopt; e 9. track; d 10. reliable; f

C (P. 181)

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

scapegoat scapegoat scapegoated －

17
 rewrite rewrite rewritten －

benchmark benchmark benchmark －

revision revise revised －

－ － chronic chronically

proposal propose proposed －

empowering/
empowerment empower －
empowered

1. proposal 2. benchmark 3. scapegoat 4. rewritten/revised

5. empowered 6. chronic 7. revisions

Chapter 34

A (P. 184)
1. They had the same ability.
2. They had largely lost their ability to distinguish between the two sounds.
3. When babies heard a new sound, they would look for a picture or toy.
4. They scanned brain activity./They showed how the brain accumulates and processes language.
B (P. 184)
1. b 2. j 3. h 4. f 5. g 6. d 7. a 8. c 9. e 10. i
C (P. 185) 1. 2 2. 7 3. 8 4. 1 5. 10

Chapter 35

1 (P. 186)

Headline the words that describe a crime

Headline A Killing, sex abuse
Headline B shooting, robbery
Headline C check-cashing scheme
Headline D blackmail
Headline E bank fraud

2 (P. 187)

1. killing 2. check-cashing scheme 3. blackmail 4. bank fraud

5. sex abuse 6. robbery 7. shooting

A (P. 189) 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F
B (P. 189) 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. a

18
C (Pp. 189-190)
1. Someone, usually with personal experience, who advises people sentenced to prison on how to
survive for a fee.
2. A former police officer who is now a partner in Prison Coach.
3. Butner, N.C.
4. 150 years.

D (P. 190) 1. a 2. b

Chapter 36

A (P. 193)

Who gang leader Yousouf Fofana

What convicted of murder, torture
Where Paris courthouse
When today (July 10, 2009)

Why to extort US$600,000 from the victim’s family

How kidnap, torture, murder How long?: life in prison How many? 24 others

Criminal Yousouf Fofana

Victim Ilan Hamili
Lawyer Francis Spizner

B (P. 193) 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. c
C (P. 194)
1. a 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. a

Chapter 37

B (P. 195) 1. c 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. d
A (P. 197)
1. b 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b

B (P. 197)

Who Lord’s Resistance Army

What burning homes, murdering adults and kidnapping children; one of Africa’s
longest-standing and most brutal insurgencies; conflict spreading
Where dense Central African forests of Uganda; Sudan and the Democratic Republic of
Congo
When now (October 2009)

Why sustained military offensive

19
 How How long?: for more than 20 years How many?: thousands dead or displaced
How do they do it?: creep, murder, burn, kidnap

C (P. 198)

cover of standing
long up
reign of darkness
drive terror
spill with
step out
in concert over

2. in concert with 3. drive out 4. long-standing

5. spill over 6. reign of terror 7. cover of darkness

D (P. 198)
1. To transform Uganda into a “Christian” nation.
2. Because of stepped-up efforts by the Ugandan military to conquer them.
3. To use as soldiers and concubines.
4. As part of their initiation; so they will have no homes to return to.
5. Because they wouldn’t grant him immunity from charges levied by the ICC.
6. Murder, enslavement and rape.
E (P. 199)
2. to change fundamentally
3. a woman kept for sexual purposes
4. to motivate/to cause
5. a ritual or act to gain membership in a group
6. left alone by people
7. formal agreement
8. act of making someone a slave
9. inability to be harmed by something

F (P. 199)

most negative ←------------------→ least negative

terrorist militant guerrilla extremist revolutionary

Chapter 38

A (P. 203) 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. b
B (P. 203) 1. d 2. a 3. e 4. c 5. b
C (P. 203) 1. d 2. a 3. c 4. e 5. f 6. b
D (P. 204)
1. Marine Corporal Jacob Leitch.

20
 2. By stepping on a landmine.
3. Both were from San Antonio.
4. They’ve been the most dangerous five months of the entire war.
5. It includes multiple regions of the world.

E (P. 204) 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. D

21