Organic Chemistry

Organic Compound

-Consists of Carbon

-but optionial not all carbon include

-atomic number 6 carbon

-1s2 2s2 2p2

-4 valance electrons

-Covalent Bond

Sp sp2 sp3 (hybirdisation)

Methane CH4car

Atomic number (p)

Atomic Mass (n+p)

1s

2s 2p

3s 3p 3d

4s 4p 4d 4f

S=2/p=6/d=10/f=14

S= 2 orbital

P= 3 orbital

D = 5 orbital

S=2 /p=6/d=10/f=14

Electron = atomic number – the charge

Calculate average atomic mass= isotpes * 90% go pyg +1 % go pyg

0.99 + 0.01
Valancies pf clectron = 2,8,18,32

E is less than 4 =+ (nout sone number )

E is less than 4 = - (atom – nounsone number)

Oxygen=atomic number =8

Valance of electron of oxygen= (2,6)

1=mono

2=di

3=tri

4=tetra

5=penta

6=hexa

7=hepta

8=octa

9=nona

10=deca

Ionic Compound= metal with non metal/use ionic charge

Covalent Compound = nonmetal with non metal/use numerical prefixes shared electron

Total element =118

Metals =93

Non metals =17 P,C,S,Se,I(solid)

Bro (liquid)

Ne,Ne,Ar,kr,Xe,Rn (nobel gas)

F,Cl,N,H,O

Metalloids = 8 At,Te,Sb,Se,Po,Ba,Ar,Si

Ge,Fr,Br,Ce,ng
S block d block f block = metal

P block = metal,non metal,metalloid

Density =mass/volume

Chapter 1

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

Compress

Atoms vs molecule?

Polar?

Sugar=solute (small)

Water=solvent (large)

Solution = sugar/water

No Solution = pebble/water

Water is polar covalent compound

Non polar compond not soluble in water

(NaCl)s =solid

(NaCl)aq= liquid

Saturated solution =salt can’t be added at the certain temperature

Unsaturated solution =salt can be added at the certain temperature

Solubility of sodium chloride in water is 36g in 100 g of solvent 20C temperature

T increase =solubility of solute increase

T decreas = solubility of solute decrease

T increase = solubility of gas decrease

T decrease = solubility of gas increase

Pressure increase = solubility of gas increase (escape)

Pressure decrease = solubility of gas decrease (escape)

Volume of the gas (dm3)=Mole *24

Mass/mole/relative formula mass

Mass=27g

Mr (water- h20) =16 +(2*1)=18

Mole=mass

--------- = 1.5 mol

Mr

P =F

P increase Volume decrease (less space)

P decrease Volume increase (more space)

Temperature constant

P1V1=P2V2

T increase P increase

T decrease P decrease

P1/T1 =P2/T2

Volume constant&mass constant

T decrease V decrease

T increase V increase

Pressure constant
 Chapter 2

Wash with hot detergents

Small portions of deionized water

Mass = is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Unit =kilogram(kg),Gram(g),

Apparatus:Balance

Time

Unit:second

Apparatus:stop clock

Temperature

Unit:Degree Celsius C

Apparatus :Thermometer

Volume

Unit:cm3 or dm3 (1dm3=1000 cm3)

Apparatus:,volumetric flask,volumetric and

Burette (it has scale) (pait pyun ouut mrr htak htk) more accurate

Measuring cylinder (phan pa lin pon san ) volume faster less accurate (precised) graduated /100ml/85
ml/50 ml

Erlenmeyer flask used in less desired accrate measurement /50 ml/25 ml/ or higher

Pipette (pain nyoun) most accurate

Beaker

Conical flask / volumetric flask 100 ml/150 ml/120 ml /little chance of air

Droppers/syringed

Filter funnel

Tripod stand

Evaporating dish
Crucible

Pestle /mortar

Thistle funnel (acid)

More dense than air

Less dense than air

Flask

Condenser

Fractinating column

Slass beads

Beaker glass 10ml/40ml/50 ml/100 ml

Glab sample

Gross sample

Sample

Concentration

activity

Analytical balance?

Macro balance?
Inorganic Compound

Ammonium Cyanate (Inorganic) +Urea (Organic)=

Tips

Inorganic chemistry

How many electrons

Covalent Bond

Hybirdisation in Carbon

What is Polyatomic molecules

Transition metals

Nobel gas

Ion prr dk hrr

Paramagnatic/dia magnatic

Isotopes

Alkaline metals

Alkaline earth metals

Halogens

Writing ionic formulas

Oxidation state

Representative elements

Non representative elements

Inner transition metals

Diatomic molecules

Molyatomic

Polyatomic

Ide/ite/ate

Chemistry formula

Oxygen formula

Chemistry reaction

Ns2 np5

Metal/Non metal/metalloid chosing

Ionic compound = do not use mono (metal to non metal)

Molecular compouund = use mono (non metal to non metal)

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Orbital box

Hunds rule

Aufbau rules

Carbon electronic configuration

Atomic Number

Cat ions +

Anions -c