Experimental Report 3

MOMENT OF INERTIA OF THE SYMMETRIC RIGID BODIES

Student name: Ngô Ánh Huyền Verification of instructors
Student ID: 20203843
Class: CTT Kỹ thuật y sinh 01 K65
Group: 03

I. Experimental Motivations:
- Calculating the moment of the inertia in the symmetric rigid bodies.
- Gaining knowledge about the moment of the inertia in the symmetric rigid
bodies.
II. Theoretical Background:
1, Instruments
-Rotation axle with spiral spring having the elastic constant D z=0,044Nm/Rad,
Light barrier (or photo-gate) with counter, Rod with length of 620mm and mass off
240g, Solid disk with mass of 795g and diameter of 220mm, hollow cylinder with
mass of 780g and diameter of 89mm, Supported thin disk, Screws, Tripod base
2, Moment of Inertia
The moment of inertia of the body about the axis of rotation is determined by
I =∫ r dm
2

The moment of inertia about the center of mass ( I cm) is calculated as follows:
1 2
- For a long bar: I cm= 12 ml
1 2
- For a thin disk or a solid cylinder: I cm= 2 m R
- For a hollow cylinder having very thin wall: I cm=m R 2
2 2
- For a solid sphere: I cm= 5 m R
In this experiment, the moment of inertia of a rigid body will be determined by
using an apparatus which consist of a spiral spring.The object whose moment of
inertia is is to be measure can be mounted on the axis of this torsion spring which
tends to restrict the rotary motion of the object and provide a restoring torque. The
oscillation is correspond to a period:
T =2 π
√ I
Dz
For a known elastic constant D z, the unknown moment of inertia I can be found if
the period T is measured.
III. Experimental procedure
1. Measurement of the rod
-Step 1:Setup the equipment. A mask (width ~ 3 mm) is stuck on the rod to ensure
the rod went through the photo-gate.
-Step 2: Press the button “Start” to turn on the counter. Then, you can see the light
of LED on the photo-gate.
-Step 3: Push the rod to rotate with an angle of 180o, then let it to oscillate freely.
The time of vibration period of the rod will be measured. In this case, the result
you got is averaged after several periods. Make 5 trials and record the
measurement result of period T in a data sheet.
-Step 4: Press the button “Reset” to turn the display of the counter being 0.
Uninstall the rod for next measurement.
2. Measurement of the solid disk
-Step 1: Using the suitable screws to mount the solid disk on the rotation axle of
the spiral spring.A piece of note paper is stuck on the disk to ensure it passing
through the photo-gate.
-Step 2:Perform the measurement procedure similar to that of the rod. Record the
measurement result of period T in a data sheet.
-Step 3:Press the button “Reset” to turn the display of the counter being 0.
Uninstall the disk for next measurement.
3. Measurement of a hollow cylinder
-Step 1: Using the suitable screws to mount the hollow cylinder coupled with a
supported disk below on the rotation axle of the spiral spring. A piece of note
paper is also stuck on the disk to ensure the system passing through the photo-gate.
-Step 2: Perform the measurement procedure similar to that of the disk. Record the
measurement result of period T (5 trials) in a data sheet.
-Step3: Push the button “Reset” to turn the display of the counter being 0.
Uninstall the hollow cylinder and repeat the measurement to get its rotary period T
(5 trials) -Step 4: Press the button “Reset” to turn the display of the counter being
0. Uninstall the supported disk for next measurement.
4. Measurement of the solid sphere
-Step 1: Mount the solid sphere on the rotation axle of the spiral spring. A piece of
note paper is also stuck on the sphere to ensure its passing through the photo-gate.
-Step 2: Push the sphere to rotate with an angle of 2700, then let it to oscillate
freely. The obtained vibration period of the sphere will be recorded (5 trials) in the
data sheet.
-Step3: Uninstall the solid sphere and switch off the counter to finish the
measurements.
IV. Experimental result
1) Measurement of the rod
 Parameter
Trial
T(s)
1 2.655
2 2.668
3 2.673
4 2.665
5 2.677
5

∑ Ti
Average value T = i=1 =2.668
5

√
5

∑ (T ¿¿i −T )2
i=1
¿
s.d. 5
≅ 0.0075

s.d.
∆T=
√5
S.D. ≅ 0.003

2) Measurement of the solid disk

Parameter
Trial
T(s)
1 2.093
2 2.083
3 2.084
4 2.094
5 2.084
5

∑ T i =2.088
Average value T= i=1
5

√
5

∑ (T ¿¿i −T )2
s.d. i=1
¿
5
≅ 0.005
 s.d.
S.D. ∆T=
√5
≅ 0.002

3) Measurement of the hollow cylinder

a) Supported disk + hollow cylinder
Parameter
Trial
T(s)
1 1.134
2 1.131
3 1.132
4 1.137
5 1.133
5

∑ Ti
Average value T=
i=1
5
=1.133

√
5

∑ (T ¿¿i −T )2
i=1
¿
s.d. 5
≅ 0.002

s.d.
∆T= ≅ 0.001
S.D. √5

b) Supported disk
Parameter
Trial
T(s)
1 0.331
2 0.329
3 0.317
4 0.331
5 0.307
5

∑ Ti
Average value T=
i=1
5
=0.323
 √
5

∑ (T ¿¿i −T )2
s.d. i=1
≅ 0.009 ¿
5

s.d.
∆T= ≅ 0.004
S.D. √5

4) Measurement of the solid sphere

Parameter
Trial
T(s)
1 2.092
2 2.097
3 2.099
4 2.098
5 2.106
5

∑ Ti
Average value T=
i=1
5
=2.098

√
5

∑ (T ¿¿i −T )2
s.d. i=1
≅ 0.004 ¿
5

s.d.
∆T= ≅ 0.002
S.D. √5

* Data processing:
1) Rod
a) Moment of inertia obtained by experiment
I cm=D z ( )
T 2
2π
=0.044 (
2.668 2
2 ×3.141 )
=7.936 ×10− 3( kg m2 /s)

(√ 2 ∆TT ) +(− 2 ∆ππ ) =7.936 ×10 √ 4( 0.003 ) +4(

3.141 )
2 2 2 2
−3 0.001
→ ∆ I cm=I cm
2.668
=0.02 ×10− 3 (kg m2 /s)
Hence, I cm= (7.936± 0.02¿ × 10−3 (kg m2 /s)
b) Moment of inertia calculated by the theoretical formula
1 2 1 2 −3 2
I cmTH = ml = 0.24 ×(0.62) =7.688 ×10 ( kg m /s)
12 12
 The different between theoretical and experimental number:
|I cm − I cmTH| |(7.936 − 7.688)×10− 3|
×100 %= ×100 %=3.22 %
I cmTH 7.688 × 10−3
2) Solid disk
a) Moment of inertia obtained by experiment
( ) ( )
2 2
T 2.088 −3 2
I cm=D z =0.044 =4.861 ×10 (kg m /s)
2π 2 ×3.141

(√ 2 ∆TT ) +(− 2 ∆ππ ) =4.861× 10 √ 4 ( 2.088 ) + 4 ( 3.141 )

2 2 2 2
0.002 0.001 −3
→ ∆ I cm=I cm

=0.01 ×10− 3 (kg m2 /s)

Hence, I cm= (4.861± 0.01¿ × 10−3 (kg m2 /s)
b) Moment of inertia calculated by the theoretical formula
( )
2
1 2 1 0.220 −3 2
I cmTH = mR = × 0.795 × =4.810 ×10 (kg m / s)
2 12 2
The different between theoretical and experimental number:
|I cm − I cmTH| |(4.861− 4.810)× 10−3|
×100 %= −3
×100 %=1.06 %
I cmTH 4.810 ×10
3) Hollow cylinder
a) Moment of inertia obtained by experiment
+) Moment of inertia of the support disk
I sp =D z ( )
T 2
2π
=0.044
0.323 2
2 ×3.141 ( −3
)
2
=0.116× 10 (kg m /s)

√( )( ) √( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
∆T ∆π 0.004 0.001
→ ∆ I sp =I sp 2 + −2 =0.116 ×10− 3 4 +4
T π 0.323 3.141
=0.003 ×10− 3 (kg m 2 /s )
Hence, I sp= (0.116± 0.003 ¿× 10−3 ( kg m 2 /s)
+) Moment of inertia of the coupled object (support disk + hollow cylinder):
( ) ( )
2 2
T 1.133 −3 2
I co=D z =0.044 =1.431× 10 (kg m / s)
2π 2 ×3.141

(√ 2 ∆TT ) +(−2 ∆ππ ) =1.431 ×10 √ 4 ( 0.001

1.133 )
+4 (
3.141 )
2 2 2 2
0.001 −3
→ ∆ I co=I co

=0.003 ×10− 3 (kg m 2 /s )

Hence, I co= (1.431± 0.003 ¿× 10−3 ( kg m 2 /s)
=> Moment of inertia of the hollow cylinder:
I cm=I co − I sp =(1.431 −0.116) ×10− 3=1.315× 10−3 ( kg m2 /s)
√
→ ∆ I cm= ( ∆ I co ) + ( ∆ I sp ) =√ ( 0.003 ) + ( 0.003 ) =0.004 × 10−3 ( kg m 2 /s)
2 2 2 2

Hence, I cm= (1.315± 0.004 ¿ ×10− 3 (kg m 2 /s )

b) Moment of inertia calculated by the theoretical formula
 2
I cmTH =mR =0.780 × ( 0.089 2
2 ) −3 2
=1.545 ×10 (kg m /s)

The different between theoretical and experimental number:

|I cm − I cmTH| |(1.315 −1.545)×10− 3|
×100 %= −3
×100 %=15 %
I cmTH 1.545 ×10
4) Solid sphere
a) Moment of inertia obtained by experiment
I cm=D z ( )
T 2
2π
=0.044 (
2.098 2
2 ×3.141 ) −3 2
=4.908 ×10 (kg m /s )

(√ 2 ∆TT ) +(− 2 ∆ππ ) =4.908× 10 √ 4 ( 0.002

2.098 )
+4 (
3.141 )
2 2 2 2
−3 0.001
→ ∆ I cm=I cm

=0.01 ×10− 3 (kg m2 / s)

Hence, I cm= (4.908± 0.01¿ × 10−3 (kg m2 / s)
b) Moment of inertia calculated by the theoretical formula
( )
2
2 2 2 0.146 −3 2
I cmTH = mR = ×2.29 × =4.881× 10 ( kg m /s)
5 5 2
The different between theoretical and experimental number:
|I cm − I cmTH| |( 4.908 −4.881)× 10−3|
×100 %= ×100 %=0.55 %
I cmTH 4.881 ×10
−3