g]skfsf] gfddf pBf]uL, Joj;foLnfO{{ gwDSofpg r]tfjgL
ePsf] d" N o j[ l 4 nufotsf]
jif{ !%, c+s #),
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] ( cf}“ dxflwj]zg c;f]h ! ut]b]lv
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sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
( cf}F dxflwj]zg c;f]h ! ut]bl] v *
ut];Dd sf7df8f}d+ f x'g] ePsf] 5 . xfn}
;DkGg kf6L{sf] !#cf}+ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt
a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;fa{hlgs ug{ z'qmaf/
sf7df8f}lF :yt ;fF:s[lts k|lti7fg -
/fli6«o gfr3/_ hdndf cfof]lht
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ ;f] hfgsf/L
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hfgsf/Lcg';f/ g]skfsf] xfn} ;DkGg
*cf}+ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] !#cf}F a}7sn] (
cf}F dxflwj]zg c;f]h ! ut]bl] v *
ut];Dd sf7df8f}d+ f ;DkGg ug]{ /
To;cl3 ebf} % ut];Dd j8f / kflnsf
;Dd]ng tyf ebf} !% ut];Dd lhNnf
;Dd]ng ;DkGg x'g] 5g .
pQm kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb}
k|To]s g]kfnLsf] yfKnf]df ^#,#!) ?k}of“ C0f Û
sf7df8f}F . /fHon] lnPsf] C0fsf]
sf/0f x/]s g]kfnLsf] yfKnf]df ^# xhf/
#!) ?k}ofF C0f k'us ] f] 5 . g]kfnsf]
;fj{hlgs C0f !* va{ $* ca{
k'us
] f];uF } x/]s Ps g]kfnLsf] yfKnf]df
C0fsf] c+z ^# xhf/ #!) ?k}ofF k'us ] f]
5 . cy{ d GqL hgfb{ g zdf{ n ]
k|ltlglw;efdf k]z u/]sf] cfly{s ;j]I{ f0f
@)&( ;fn h]7 @@ ut] cfOtaf/ (June 5, 2022)
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] bnfn k'h
k'h
F LjfbL ;Qf
F LjfbeGbf klg lgn{Hh cj:yf ePsf]
7f]sj' f u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] clxn]s}
cj:yfsf] lg/Gt/tf eP s'g} klg lbg
g]kfnsf] cy{tGq 6f6 klN6Psf] 3f]if0ff
x'g;Sg] bfaL ub}{ eg] – …g]kfndf cfh
bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;Qf 5 . of] t
k'h
F LjfbeGbf klg lgn{Hh cj:yf xf] .
o;n] hgtfnfO{ zf]if0fdfq} u5{, s'g} nfe
lbFbg} . oxfF h'g;'s} lbg klg g]kfnsf]
cy{tGq 6f6 klN6Psf] 3f]if0ff x'g;Sg]
cj:yf 5 . To;}n] o:tf] bnfn k'hF Ljfbsf]
cGTosf nflu j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]
:yfkgf x'gk' 5{ . j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf
dfq} hgtfn] rfx]sf] h:tf] hLjg afFRg
kfpF5g\ eg]/ xfdLn] a'emfpg ;Sg'k5{ .Ú
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] g] k fndf
@)&*–&( cg';f/ kmfu'g d;fGt;Dd
;fj{hlgs C0f !* va{ $* ca{ !(
s/f]8 k'us] f] 5 . o;nfO{{ g]kfnsf]
hg;+Vof @ s/f]8 (! nfv (@ xhf/
$*) hgfdf efu ubf{ k|ltJolQm C0fsf]
ef/ ^# xhf/ #!) ?k}ofF kg{
hfG5 . cy{ dGqfnosf cg';f/
kmfu'g d;fGt;Dd cfGtl/s C0f
* va{ ^# ca{ !( s/f]8 / afXo
C0f ( va{ *$ ca{ (( s/f]8
?k}ofF /x]sf] 5 .
o;} jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGt;Dd
;fj{hlgs C0f !& va{ #& ca{
^$ s/f]8 ?k}ofF /x]sf] lyof] .
;/sf/n] o; jif{ kmfu' g
d;fGt;Dd *( ca{ %) s/f]8
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5 . kmfu'g;Dd cg'bfg / C0f
u/L afXo ;xfotf $& ca{ ($
s/f]8 ?k}ofF pkof]u ug{ ;s]sf]
5 . o; cjlwdf j} b ] l zs
;xfotf k|ltj4tf eg] cg'bfgdf
( ca{ $^ s/f]8 / C0fdf ! va{ !^
ca{ ^! s/f]8 u/L s'n ! va{ @^ ca{
& s/f]8 a/fa/sf] k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k tLj| j]udf al9/x]sf]
atfpb} bnfn k'hF LjfbL Joj:yfsf sf/0f
g]kfn gjpklgj]zdf km:g] qmddf /x]sf]
7f]sj' f;d]t u/]sf 5g . pgn] eg]–
…g]kfndf ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k tLj| j]udf
al9/x]sf] 5, kl5Nnf] ;do uDeL/
vfnsf 36gfx¿ 3l6/x]sf 5g\ . of]
;a} bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf] cfTd;dk{0fjfbL
rl/qn] ubf{ ePsf] xf] . To;} sf/0f g]kfn
Pp6f gjpklgj]zdf hfFb} u/]sf] b]lvG5,Ú
pgn] eg], …cl:t ev{/} Pd;L;L eof],
clxn] Pd;L;Lsf] sfof{nodf cd]l/sL
sd{rf/L cf]Ol/Fb} u/]sf] va/ 5 .
cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]zdGqL cfP/
v'nc] fd ltAatL z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df e|d0f
ug]{ / l5d]sL b]zx¿sf] lj?4df prfNg]
v]n rn]sf] 5 .Ú
jfd u7aGwgsf] cfj/0fdf zlQms]Gb|x?sf] ;+3if{
:yfgLo lgjf{rgsf] ;Dk"0f{ kl/0ffd
;fj{hlgs x'bF f gx'bF a} f6 g]kfndf km]l/
gofF /fhgLlts u7aGwg agfpg] /
;/sf/ kl/jt{g u/fpg] v]nx? yflnPsf
5g\\ . aflx/af6 x]bf{ of] k|of;df g]kfns}
s]xL /fhgLlts bnx? ;+nUg /x]sf] b]lvP
klg oyfy{df o;sf] k5fl8 d'Vo?kn]
OG8f] klZrdf zlQm / ?; tyf rLg
v]ln/x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfndf xfn
;Qfdf /x]sf bnx?n] kl5Nnf] ;dodf
:ki6?kn] cfk"mnfO{{ rLg / ?; lj/f]wL
b]vfPsf sf/0f pgLx?sf lj?4 ?; /
rLg v'n/] } cfpg' :jfefljs klg xf] .
xfn ;Qf u7aGwgdf /x]sf bnx?
oyfy{df b]zeQm xf]Ogg\, OG8f] klZrdf
zlQmsf g]kfnl:yt s7\kt' nLx? x'geGg]
s'/f laleGg 36gfqmdx?n] :ki6
ul/;s]sf 5g\\ . g]kfnL sf+u;]| n] v'n/] }
cfˆgf] cd]l/sL kIfw/tf b]vfPsf] 5 .
;/sf/sf] g]tT[ jdf cfpgf;fy g]sf+n]
l5d]sL rLg;Fu tyfslyt ;Ldf ljjfb
d"No ?= !).–
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] s'g} klg ljb]zL
e"d08nLs[t ;fd|fHojfbL tTjåf/f b]zdf
nflbg] c;dfg ;lGw, ;Demf}tf /
pgLx?sf x:tIf]ksf/L lqmofsnfknfO{
7f8} c:jLsf/ u/]/ k|lt/f]wdf plqg'k5{
eGg] ljifo s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf 5nkmn ePsf]
atfP . pgn] /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] kIfdf
b]ze} l/ hfu/0f Nofpg'kg]{ klg atfPsf
5g\ . :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf efu lng]
ls glng] eGg] ljifon] kf6L{df ePsf]
dte]bn] kf6L{ ljefhg;Dd k'us ] f] :d/0f
ub}{ dxf;lrj ljKnjn] cfk"mx¿n]
r'gfjnfO{ qmflGtsf] Pp6f c+usf] ?kdf
pkof]u u/]sf] atfP . pgn] sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngdf /x]sf t/ kf6L{af6 cnu
ePsfx?nfO{ ;d]t kf6L{df Psl9Ssf x'g
cfJxfg u/]sf lyP .
lgsfn]/ lgx'F vf]Hg]bl] v lnP/ ?;–o'qm]g
lajfbdf o'qm]gsf] kIf lnPh:tf] ub}{
cfk"mnfO{{ cd]l/sL v]dfdf pEofpg]
sfdx? e};s]sf 5g\\ . emg\ g]kfnsf]
;+;b\af6 gf6sLo 9+un] Pd;L;L kfl/t
ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/fpg ;kmn ePkl5
g]kfnL sf+u;] | sf] cd]l/sL kIfw/tf alnof]
/ ;a}sf ;fd' v'Nnf ePsf] 5 . To;}sf]
/fktfkdf ca g]sf+sf ;efklt tyf
k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] cd]l/sf
ofqf to klg e};s]sf] 5 . pxfFsf]
cd]l/sf ofqfsf qmddf s] s:tf ;lGw
;+emf}tfx?sf] tof/L ul/Psf] 5, Tof]
v'ln;s]sf] 5}g . t/, g]kfndf cd]l/sL
zlQmsf] pkl:yltnfO{{ alnof] agfpg] /
sfg"gL a}wtf k|bfg ug]÷{ u/fpg] vfnsf
Pd;L;Lsf k"/s ;lGw ;+emf}tfx? x'g]
5g\\ eGg] s'/fx? ;xh} cf+sng ug{
;lsG5 . cd]l/sfsf] g]kfndf :jfy{ eg]sf]
cfˆgf] xftxltof/sf] Aofkf/nfO{{ lgjf{w
agfpg], g]kfnsf] e"ld k|of]u u/]/ l5d]sL
rLgnfO{{ b'Mv lbg] tyf g]kfn / rLgaLrsf]
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
dsjfgk'/n] g]skfsf] gfddf pBf]uL,
Joj;foLx?nfO{{ wDSofpg] cfly{s
lu/f]xx?nfO{{ s8f r]tfjgL lbPsf]
5 . lhNnf ;]qm]6/L jf6/n] a'waf/
Ps lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ k]6«f]lnod
kbfy{df clgoldt 9+un] lbgfg'lbg
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] cfufdL c;f]h
! ut] cfˆgf] kf6L{sf] ( cf}F dxflwj]zg
ul/g] / ;a} e|dx¿nfO{ ;kmfr6 kfg]{
atfP . o:t} ;lRrP/ cfPdf dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|;lxtsf zlQmx?;Fu ;d]t kf6L{
Pstf x'g ;Sg] atfP . …k|r08hLn] klg
Pstfsf] s'/f ug{x' G' 5 . d}n] t pxfFx¿nfO{
eg]sf] 5', tkfOFx¿ k'/fg} 7fpFdf kmls{g;' ,\
xfdL 5nkmn / ax; ug{ tof/ 5f}+ .
t/, tkfOFx¿ ;'l„g'xG' g eg] tkfOFx¿sf]
cGTonfO{ s;}n] arfpg]jfnf 5}g,Ú pgn]
eg], …pxfFx?sf] nx}nx}df nfu]sf w]/}
;fyLx¿ x'gx' G' 5, d pxfFx¿nfO{ ;xL
af6f]df cfpg cfJxfg ub{5' .
o;}u/L, dxf;lrj ljKnjn] kf6L{af6
cnu eO{ g]skf ax'dt u7g u/]sf
wd]G{ b| af:tf]nf / x]dGtk|sfz cf]nLn]
;lbof}b+ l] vsf] c;n ;DaGwnfO{{ l5GgleGg
kfg]{ xf] . To;}u/L g]kfnL sf+u;]| n] cfk"m
kl5Nnf] k6s ;Qf / zlQmdf cfPkl5
cd]l/sfnfO{{ v';L agfpg] / cfˆgf]
kf6L{nfO{{ ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{sf] elugL
;+:yf agfpgsf nflu v'n/] k|of; ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . h'g sfo{df dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|,
PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL, h;kfnfO{{ lbNnLdf
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
;d;fdlos ;d:ofsf] ljifodf kf6L{
;+ 3 if{ / t /x] s f] eGb} ;/sf/sf]
Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 .
cfly{s ;xof]u -rGbf_
sf] nflu g] s kfsf]
gfddf wDSofPsf]
;" r gf ;DalGwt
pBf]uL, Joj;foLaf6
cfPkl5 g] s kf
dsjfgk' / n] pQm
lj1lKt lgsfn]sf] xf] .
lj1lKtdfkm{t\ cfly{s
lu/f]xx?sf] pQm ultljlw g/f]s]
sf/jfxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] r]tfjgL
;d] t lbPsf] 5 . ;fy} cfudL
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
ljjfb ePsf] xKtf lbgd} emf]nf af]s/]
lxF8s
] f] atfpFb} ljjfb ePsf] xKtf lbgd}
lx+8g\ ] s:tf] vfnsf] ln8/l;k xf] eGb}
k|Zg u/] . pgn] eg]– …kf6L{df 5nkmn
/ ax; x'G5 TolQs}df cflQg' x'bF g} .
ljjfb ePsf] xKtflbg ePsf] ePsf]
5}g . csf]{ xKtf emf]nf af]s/] lxFl8xfNg]
of] s:tf] vfnsf] ln8/l;ksf] rl/q
xf] <Ú …Psl5g s'/f x'g kfPsf] 5}g k'/f
v/fgL p8fpFb} lx+8g\ ] of] s:tf] vfnsf]
;+:sf/ b[li6sf]0f xf] <Ú
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] kf6L{ ljefhg
ePkl5 g]tf sfo{stf{ / z'eR] 5's lrlGtt
ePsf] atfpb} eg] – …of] ljefhg b'Mvb
eof] . g]tf, sfo{stf{ / z'eR] 5's b'lvt
5g\ . sxfF s] ldn]g ? st} g]tT[ jn] Wofg
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
/x]sf] efhkfsf] sfof{no;Dd l3;fb}{ nu]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u;] | n] cfˆgf] af6f]
:ki6 ub}{ nu] klg ;/sf/df /x]sf /
;/sf/ aflx/ /x]/ ;dy{g ub}{ cfPsf
cGo rf/ bnsf] e"ldsf eg] :ki6 geP/
5'k?] :td vfnsf] 5 . o; qmddf
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| / PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLsf
cWoIfn] cfk"mx?nfO{{ OG8f] klZrdf
zlQm;Fu ;dlk{t u/fpFbf u/fpFb} klg
rLg glhs /x]sf] b]vfpg] k|of; ub}{
cfPsf lyP / 5g\\ klg . ca of] h]7
dlxgfleqdf pgLx?n] cfˆgf] vf; lsQf
:ki6 ug'k{ g]{ ePsf] 5 . pgLx? OG8f]
klZrdf lsQfdf a:g] ls rLgsf] kIfdf <
eGg] :ki6 ug'k{ g]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . olta]nf
g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df c;+nUg k//fi6« gLlt
/ c;n l5d]sL gLltdf cl8u /xg'
eg]sf] b]zelQmk"0f{ s'/f xf] eg] OG8f]
klZrdfx?nfO{{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug'{
eg]sf] /fi6«3flt sfd xf] . ;/sf/df
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 2 @)&( ;fn h]7 @@ ut] cfOtaf/

ah]6 / cfhsf] b]zsf] jf:tljstf

ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
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;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ljsNk vf]hf}+ ;/SF q mlsd{ s f08 ;DkGg x' G 5 .
k| f yldstf klg tf] l sG5 . t/,
Nofpg] 5}g . laut kfFr aif{ otfsf
ultlalwx?nfO{{ x]l/of] eg] o:t} l:ylt
pkdf dfq rl/tfy{ eP/ hfG5 .
To;df klg clxn] ljZjdf ?;–
b]vfPsf] 5}g . o;n] lgs6 elaiod}
cefj / dFxuLsf] ;d:of rls{g]
xfn} :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eP/ gofF hgk|ltlglwn] jf:tljs Jojxf/df k|foM To;cg';f/ ljsf; eO/x]sf] b]vfkb{5 . To;}n] o'qm]g o'4sf sf/0fn] h'g vfBfGg b]lvG5 . ;dfwfgsf s] s] tTsfnLg,
sfd x'Fb}g . ;fwf/0ftkm{ c;fwf/0f hgtfn] lgaf{lrt k|ltlglwx?sf ;+s6 pTkGg ePsf] To;n] ;d]t dWosfnLg / bL3{sfnLg pkfo ul/g'
sfo{ef/;d]t ;Dxfln;s]sf 5g\ . ;+;b\jfbL bnx?sf] ;Qf lsl;dn] ;a} k};f vr{ u/L ;lsP/ lqmofsnfkk|lt cToGt} rgfvf] eP/ xfdLnfO{{ c;/ kfg]{ k|foM lglZrt 5 . kg]{ xf] To;af/] s'g} ;'lglZrttf
u7aGwgn] :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf ar{:j sfod ug{ ;kmn 9's6' L l/Qf] x'bF f klg ljsf; vr{ va/bf/L ug] { , k| l tlglwx?n] vfBfGg pTkfbgdf klg sdL cfPsf] ah]6n] lbg vf]h]sfs] 5}g . ;du|df
ePkl5 ca pgLx?sf] Wofg ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] lgjf{rgtkm{ df]l8Psf] cyf{t k'FhLut vr{ eg] ck]lIft
b]lvG5 . ;Qfwf/L /fhgLlts bnnufot ;+;b\jfbL bnx?sf] oxL
xs{tsf sf/0f :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf hgdtsf] plrt k|of]u
dfqfdf x'Fb}g . eP klg cToGt} Go"g
x'G5 . t/, To;f] lsg ePsf] xf] s;}n]
nf]sgf/fo0f ;'ab] L
pQ/bfloTj lnFb}g . o;/L xfd|f
x'g\ ;s]g cyf{t ;Qfwf/L /fhgLlts bnnufot ;+;bjfbL bnx?n]
ljsf; of]hgf kl/of]hgfx? hlt
v8\lsg] u/]sf] ;Gb]xf:kbkIf s] 5
hgtfsf] dtnfO{ 3]/faGbLdf kf/]/ :yfgLo lgsfo cfˆgf] sAhfdf
lng ;kmn eP . oxL ;kmntfjf6 xf}l;P/ ca pgLx? ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf]
ah]6 cfP klg a]jfl/;] aGg] u/]sf eg] ljsf;sf] tYof+s 9fFl6G5 .
5g\\ . t/ s;}n] st} ug]{ gelgPsf]
lgjf{rgsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] oxL xs{tsf sf/0f b]z e|i6frf/sf] u|fkm eg] x/]s aif{ k|fo Tolt ePkl5 hgtf cNdlnof]
/ hgftfsf] Ph]G8f cf]em]ndf k/]sf 5g\ . b]z ljb]zLsf] v]n d}bfg x/]s If]qdf a9]sf] x'G5 . of] xfd|f]
ePsf] 5 . dx+uL, e|i6frf/, clgoldttfn] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5 . htftt} ah]6sf] ;a}eGbf cjfl~5t t/ e}xfNof] eGg] h:tf] lsl;dn]
cleGg / la8Dagfk"0f{ kIf xf] .
eb|uf]nsf] l:ylt 5 . lbgk|ltlbg /f:6«, /fli6«otfdfly ;+s6 a9\b} csf] { v8\ l sg] u/] s f]
;Qfdf a;]/ ah]6 rnfpg]x?
uO/x]sf] 5 eg] hghLljsf rf}k6 x'b} uPsf] 5 . t/, ;/sf/ /ldt] ;Gb]xf:kbkIf s] 5 eg] ljsf;sf] 9'S' s x'G5g\\ / km]l/ o:t} unt
ag]sf] 5, p;n] /fi6«lxt / hglxtsf] sfo{df l;Gsf];d]t efRg tYof+s 9fFl6G5 . Tolt ePkl5 hgtf
;s]sf] 5}g . o;af6 ;+;bjfbL /fhLlglts bnx?sf] ;Qf s]lGb|t\ cNdlnof] e}xfNof] eGg] h:tf] lsl;dn] qmd bf]xf]¥ofpg] csf]{ cfly{s
/fhgLltn] b]z / hgtfsf] lxt ;Dea 5}g eGg] k'li6 x'G5 . To;sf/0f ;Qfdf a;]/ ah]6 rnfpg]x? 9''Ss
x' G 5g\ \ / km] l / o:t} unt qmd aif{sf] ah]6 Nofpg ;'/;f/
b]z / hgtfnfO{ jt{dfg ;+s6af6 d'Qm kfg{ ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] bf]xf]¥ofpg] csf]{ cfly{s aif{sf] ah]6
ljsNk vf]Hg' clgjfo{ aGg uPsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf b]z / Nofpg ;'/;f/ s:5g\\ . cem crDd s:5g\\ . cem crDd t s] 5
hgtfnfO{ jt{dfg ;+s6af6 kf/ nufpg g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] t s] 5 eg] ljb]zLbft[ /fi6 / eg] ljb]zLbft[ /fi6 / ;+:yfsf clwsf/Lx? klg ljsf;sf] e'm6f] tYof+s
cufl8 ;f/]sf] PsLs[t hgqmflGtafx]s csf]{ ljsNk x'g} ;Sb}g . ;+:yfsf clwsf/Lx? klg ljsf;sf]
t;y{, b]z / hgtfnfO{ jt{dfg ;+s6af6 kf/ nufpg g]kfn e'm6f] tYof+s lbP/ cfk"mn] ;xof]u, lbP/ cfk"mn] ;xof]u, cg'bfg / C0f lbPsf] b]z k|ultlt/ nlDs/x]sf] 5
cg'bfg / C0f lbPsf] b]z k|ultlt/
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/]sf] PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L nlDs/x]sf] 5 eGg] kmhL{ s'/f k|:t't eGg] kmhL{ s'/f k|:t't ug]{ ub{5g\\ . t/, /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o:t/df hlt;'s}
/fhgLlts bn, g]tf / /fi6«jfbL zlQm uf]na4 x'g}k5{ . b]znfO{ ug] { ub{ 5 g\ \ . t/, /fli6« o ,
jt{dfg ;+s6af6 d'Qm kfg{ ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ljsNk j}1flgs cGt/f{li6«o:t/df hlt;'s} 9fF6] klg 9fF6] klg hgtfsf] si6k"0f{ hLjg :t/, a9\bf] u/LaL, a]/f]huf/L, cefj,
;dfhjfbafx]s csf]{ x'g} ;Sb}g . j}1flgs ;dfhjfb k|fKt ug{ hgtfsf] si6k"0f{ hLjg :t/, a9\bf]
u/LaL, a]/f]huf/L, cefj, c;'/Iff,
c;'/Iff, t:s/L, sfnf]ahf/L / pTkfbgzLn If]qdf ePsf] Go"g nufgL
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/]sf] PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf uf]na4
x'Fb} ;/sf/ / ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] lj?4 ;+3if{sf] cfFwLa]x/L l;h{gf t:s/L, sfnf]ahf/L / pTkfbgzLn cflbn] jf:tljs t:aL/ s] 5 eGg] bzf{O/x]s} x'G5 . x'g klg ;Lldt
If]qdf ePsf] Go"g nufgL cflbn]
ug{s ' f] ljsNk 5}g . lsgls ha;Dd b]zdf ;+;bLo Joj:yf /xG5, jf:tljs t:aL/ s] 5 eGg] bzf{O/x]s} ;DkGg / ;De|fGt au{nfO{{ cem ;DkGg agfpg] / ax';V+ os u/LanfO{{
ta;Dd b]z / hgtf ;+s6af6 d'Qm x'g ;Sb}g, r]tgf eof . x'G5 . x'g klg ;Lldt ;DkGg /
;De|fGt au{nfO{{ cem ;DkGg agfpg] cem u/La agfpg] ;du| ljsf; gLlt rfn' /x];Dd ah]6 afF8kmfF8 u/]sf]
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ åf/f ljBfno ejg / ax';+Vos u/LanfO{{ cem u/La eg]/ ;Qfdf al;/x]sf of al;;s]sfx?n] hlt;'s} s;/t u/]sf] b]lvP klg
agfpg] ;du| ljsf; gLlt rfn'
lgdf{0fsf nflu cfly{s ;xof]usf ;fy} >dbfg /x];Dd ah]6 afF8kmfF8 u/]sf] eg]/ b]zsf] ljsf;sf] t:jL/df tflTjs cGt/ gcfpg] s'/f lglZrt 5 eGg]
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6 sfo{nfO{{ cufl8 a9fPsf] / yk ;Qfdf al;/x]sf of al;;s]sfx?n]
kf6L{lgs6 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ n] Ps Jojl:yt agfpg Joj:yfkg hlt;'s} s;/t u/]sf] b]lvP klg oyfy{ g} clxn];Dd k|s6 eO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zn] ^ bzseGbf a9L nfdf]
ljs6 a:tLsf] cfwf/e"t ljBfno ;ldltdfkm{t\ ? !,))))) -Ps nfv_ b]zsf] ljsf;sf] t:jL/df tflTjs
lgdf{0fdf h'6]sf] 5 . dsjfgk'/ / x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] ;+u7gn] hgfPsf] cGt/ gcfpg] s'/f lglZrt 5 eGg] of]hgfa4 ljsf; ofqf ul/;Sbf klg lsg ljZjdf cNkljsl;t b]zx?sf]
oyfy{ g} clxn];Dd k|s6 eO/x]sf]
5 . xfd|f] b]zn] ^ bzseGbf a9L
k+lQmdf g} of] v8f 5 To;n] g} oyfy{ cf}NofO/x]sf] 5 . clg s]xL
nfdf] of]hgfa4 ljsf; ofqf ul/;Sbf cfwf/e"t sbdx? 5g\\ h;nfO{{ canDag gu/Lsg km]l/ klg ljsf;sf]
klg lsg ljZjdf cNkljsl;t
b]zx?sf] k+lQmdf g} of] v8f 5 To;n] s'/f xfd|f nflu …aL/ansf] lvr8LÚ g} x'g hfg] s'/f lglZrt 5 .
g} oyfy{ cf}NofO/x]sf] 5 . clg s]xL
cfwf/e"t sbdx? 5g\\ h;nfO{{ hgtfk|lt k"0f{?k]0f ;dlk{t eP/ / cfoft ug{ klg o'4sf sf/0fn] ah]6n] hgtf / /fi6«sf hLjGt /
canDag gu/Lsg km]l/ klg ljsf;sf] g}ltstf, Odfgbfl/tf / sl6a4tf k| l taGw nfUg] of nflu;s] s f] r"gf}ltk"0f{ ;d:ofnfO{{ lr/]/ cl3
s'/f xfd|f nflu …aL/ansf] lvr8LÚ g} b]vfpg] sfd ug{ ;s]df dfq hgtf r"gf}ltsf] ;fdgf s;/L ug]{ xf] Tof] a9\g] af6f] lng ;Sg] b]lvPsf] 5}g .
x'g hfg] s'/f lglZrt 5 . / /fi6«sf] ah]6df s;}n] tndfly / cfFv} cufl8 v8f x'gk'us
] f] ;d:ofsf ah]6n] ;fd'df b]vfk/]sf ;+s6sf]
jsf;sf] klxnf] zlQmzfnL / lxgfldgf ug]{ s'/f /f]lsg ;S5 . clg af/]df at{dfg ah]6n] s'g} 7f]; s'/f ;fdgf unf{ s] eGg] k|Zg v8f 5 .
dxTjk"0f{ k"af{wf/ eg]s} pmhf{ xf] / vftf kftf / P]g lgod ldnfP/
pmhf{sf nflu pRr k|fyldstf / k"j{
tof/L xf] . xfdL;Fu kof{Kt pmhf{ eof]
e|i6frf/ ge]l6g] u/]/ e|i6frf/ ug]{
unt k/Dk/f aGb x'g ;Qm5 .
sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf !,$$( ljBfyL{ bLlIft
sf7df8f}F . sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfno hgf bLlIft ePsf 5g\ . bLlIftdWo]
eg] s[lif, pBf]u, aGb–Aofkf/, lzIff, clxn]sf] ;a}eGbf cu|flwsf/ lbP/ -s] o " _ sf] @& cf} + bLIffGt & ;o $& hgf dlxnf 5g\ . s"n
:jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, oftfoft kl/jxg ug{k' g]{ ;af]k{ /L dxTjk"0f{ sfdg} oxL ;df/f]xcGtu{t k|yd r/0fdf !$ ;o bLlIft ljBfyL{sf] of] %! bzdnj %%
wflbªsf] l;dfgf If]q Rofqf tfdfª 5 . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ lgs6 clvn lgdf{ 0 f / ;~rfng, ag tyf xf] . b]z / hgtfsf] ah]6 ladfv $( ljBfyL{ bLlIft ePsf 5g\ . :s'n k|ltzt xf] . & ;o @ hgf k'?if 5g\ .
j:tLdf /x]sf] Rofqf gd"gf cfwf/e"t -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]lGb|o pkfWoIf g/]Gb| aftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;a} s'/f ug{ ;lsg] ug]{ o; s'/faf6 lad'v eP/ of /x]/ ckm cf6{;,\ Ph's; ] g, OlGhlgol/ª, cd] l /sf, a+ u nfb] z , a] l gg,
ljBfno lgdf{0fdf g]skf lgs6 clvn ljZjsdf{n] pQm cfly{s x:tfGt/0f l:ylt aG5 . t/, xfd|f] pmhf{sf] l:ylt c? hlt;'s} /+uLr+uL s'/f u/] klg n, Joj:yfkg, d]l8sn ;fOG;]h / lgb/Nof08, ef/t, >Ln+sf, dflNbE;,
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf o'jf ljBfyL{x? h'6s
] f u/] s f] atfPsf 5g\ . clvn - sdhf]/ 5, gbLgfnfx?sf] /fli6«ot Tof] 5n5fd afx]s c? s]xL 7xl/g] ;fOG; ljwfsf !@ hgf kLPr8L / ?;nufot b]zsf ! ;o @# hgf
x'g . Rofqf tfdfª ufpF hxfFsf ^) qmflGtsf/L_ n] dsjfgk'/sf] Rofqf lxtdf b"/ufdL lsl;dn] ;b'kof]u ug{ 5}g . o; s'/fdf ;fa{ef}d hgtfsf #) hgf Pdlkmn;lxt :gfts / ljb]zL ljBfyL{ klg bLlIft ePsf 5g\ .
hgf afnaflnsfx?n] ljBfnosf] ufpFdf ljBfno ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu ;lsPsf] 5}g / To;df 7"nf] v]naf8 jfl/; ag] s f k| l tlglwx?n] :gftsf]Q/ txsf ! xhf/ $ ;o $( klxnf] k6s df:6/ Og klAns kf]n; ] L
cg'xf/ b]v]sf 5}gg\, ToxL a:tLdf cfly{s ;xof]usf ;fy} >dbfg ;d]t ug]{ ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ slxn] uDeL/?kdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug}{ kb{5 . ljBfyL{ bLlIft ePsf x'g\ . cf6{;sf / Dofg]hd]G6df !! hgf, df:6/ Og
;+u7gn] cfwf/e"t ljBfnosf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . sldzgsf nflu hgtf / /fi6«nfO{{ clxn] ; Dd clwsfz+ t …hgtfsf @ ;o #$, Ph's; ] gsf ! ;o $, OghL{ Olkml;PG6 ljlN8ª l8hfOgdf
d'lUnª–kf]v/f ;8s b}lgs kf“r 306f aGb Û 7u]/ s[lqd t/Lsfn] nf]8;]l8Ë ug]{
ul/G5 / pmhf{ pTkfbg clnslt
jfl/;x? g} emul8of;Fu ldn]sfn] g}
cGttM hgtfsf] xf/ x'g] u/]sf] l:ylt
OlGhlgol/ªsf @(, nsf $),
Joj:yfkgsf $ ;o !(, d]l8sn
# hgf / df:6/ Og l/;{r Og l;len
OlGhlgol/ªdf @ hgf u/L !^ hgfnfO{
sf7df8f}F . d'lUnª–kf]v/f ;8s gug{ klg cfof]hgfn] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf a9]kl5 o;sf] vkt ePg, v]/ uof] /xFb} cfPsf] xf]Ú . To;}n] ca hgtfn] ;fOG;sf % ;o *! / ;fOG;sf $@ pkflw k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
cfof]hgf tgx'n F ] k[YjL /fhdfu{cGtu{t lgsfn]/ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . eg]/ ;:tf] b/df ljb]z lgof{t ug]{ r' g ] / lhtfPsf k| l tlglwx?n]
d'lUnª–kf]v/f ;8sv08 lj:tf/ lgoldt ¿kdf ;jf/L ;fwg tf/tDo km]l/ klg ldnfO{G5 . hgtfnfO{{ lhtfpg] / cfk"m pgLx?s}
sfo{nfO{{ cl3 a9fpg b}lgs kfFr 306f ;~rfng x'bF f sfd ug{ c;lhnf] kg]{ o:tf] k[ i 7e" l ddf klxnfsf] ljZjf; / e/f];fsf] k|ltlglw ;flat
af6f] aGb x'g] atfPsf] 5 . cfh h]7 ePsf]n] lbgx'F kfFr 306f oftfoft t'ngfdf lgSs} 7"nf] /sd /fzL ufpF / k|dfl0ft x'g' ;Sg' kb{5 . cGoyf
@@ ut]bl] v af6f] aGb u/]/ ;8sv08 cfjfudg /f]s/] ;8s lj:tf/ sfo{ tyf dxfgu/, pkdxfgu/ / hgk|ltlglw x'gs ' f] s'g} cy{ / t's
lj:tf/ ug{ nfluPsf] cfof]hgfn] ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . of] ;8\s v08df ufpFkflnsfx?df h'g lat/0f ul/Psf] klg /xF b } g . x' g klg cfhsf
hgfPsf] xf] . cfh/flt !! ah]bl] v ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfk a9\b} uPkl5 5, To;sf] ;xL ;xL pkof]u x'g hgk|ltlglw eg]sf hgtfsf ;]as
laxfg $ ah];Dd kfFr 306f d'lUnª– rf/ n]gsf] agfpg nfluPsf] 5 . rf/ ;s] d f dfq hgtfn] ljsf;sf] x'g\ . pgLx?sf zf;s xf]Ogg\ / x''g'
kf]v/f ;8sv08df ;jf/L ;fwg /f]s/] n]gsf] ;8s ;Ldf b'Ot{ kmL{ @%–@% k|ltkmn kfpg yfNg]5g\\ . l;+xb/af/ x'Fb}g . o;f] x'g ;s]df dfq :yfgLo
;8s lj:tf/ sfd ;'¿ x'g] ePsf] ld6/ x' g ] 5 . cfa' v } / ] g Lb] l v ufpF 3/df k' u ] s f] xf] x Nnf;F u } tx, k|bz ] / ;+3Lo ;+;b u7g x'gs ' f]
5 . csf]{ ;"rgf hf/L gx'Gh]n /flt kf]v/f;Ddsf] *) lsnf]ld6/ b"/Ldf l;+xb/af/sf] cf8df ug]{ u/]sf] eo+s/ klg cy{ nfUb5 . cGoyf hgtfnfO{{
!! ah]bl] v laxfg $ ah];Dd of] ;8s $ n]g eP;Fu} #! gofF df]6/]an e|i6frf/, sldzgvf]/L / b'O{ gDa/L zf;g k|0ffnL / hgk|ltlglw h:tf] cfP
;8sv08df ;jf/L ;fwg ;~rfng k'n lgdf{0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 . ca}w wGwf klg tn k'Uof] eg] To;n] klg km/s gx'g] x'G5 . To;sf] 7Ls
 @)&( ;fn h]7 @@ ut] cfOtaf/
wd]G{ b| u'6sf] cGof}n / lbzfxLg ofqf
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] lgjf{rg
k|of]usf] sfo{gLlts ljifonfO{{ lnP/
s] x L km' 6 jfbL aflxl/Psf 5g\ .
kf6L{leq bz{g, ljrf/, l;4fGt, gLlt,
sfo{qmd / ;+u7gfTds k|0ffnLdf s'g}
ljjfb lyPg / 5}g . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
!@ cf}+ k"0f{ a}7sdf sfo{gLlt;DaGwL
;fdfGo ljjfb eP klg km/s
b:tfj]h lyPg . t/, wd]{Gb| ;d"xn]
gofF kf6L{ agfPsf] ;fj{ h lgs
ldl8ofdf cfO/x]sf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] a}7sdf km/s b:tfj]h k];
u/] / ;} 4 flGts ljdlt gePsf]
s'/fnfO{{ c:jLsf/ ug{' OdfGbfl/tf
xf] O g . a} 7 sdf ha cfly{ s /
;f+:s[lts c/fhstfsf] ljifo p7]kl5
cQflnP/ kf6L{ cg'zf;gleq a:g
g;lsg] / cg'zf;gxLgx?sf] 5'§} kf6L{
agfP/ hfG5f}+ eg]sf] eP /fhgLlts
OdfGbfl/tf x'GYof] t/ To;f] klg
ePg . kf6L{ ljefhg x'g} x'bF g} eGg]
xf]Og . bz{g, ljrf/, l;4fGt /
;+u7gfTds k|0ffnLdf leGgtf cfof]
eg] cnu x'g' /fd|f] x'G5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf dxf;lrj ljKnj :jo+
3f]if0ff sfo{qmddf uP/ z'esfdgf
lbPklg km/s kb}g{ . t/ pxL ljrf/,
l;4fGt, gLlt / ;+u7gfTds k|0ffnL
ckgfP/ kf6L{ ljefhg ug{' wd]G{ b|
dxf;lrj / ;'bz{g k|jQmf aGg] /x/
afx] s s] x L xf] O g . b' O { h gfsf]
/fhgLlts eljio arfOlbgsf nfuL
kf6L{ km'6fpg' uDeL/ ck/fw xf] .
wd] { G b| / ;' b z{ g n] clxn] oxL
s] 6 fs] 6 Lkg k| b z{ g u/] / hu
xF;fO/x]sf 5g\\ . pgLx?sf] ;d"xsf]
gjknfogjfb / gjlj;h{gjfbn] oxL
s'/fnfO{{ k'li6 ul//x]sf] 5 . pgsf]
cfTds]Gb|Lt, dxTjfsf+Iff / s'07fn]
oxL s'/fnfO{{ atfO/x]sf] 5 . Tolt
dfq} xf]Og, pgsf] ;d"xdf b]vfk/]sf]
v'/fkmftL, ufnLunf}h, u}//fhgLlts
rl/qn] pgLx?sf] /fhgLlts
IfdtfnfO{{ ;d]t k|i6 kfl//x]sf] 5 .
pgsf] ;d"xdf hDdf ePsf kf6L{
;"rgf a]r]/ vfg] u'Ktr/, cfly{s
c/fhstf / ;f+:s[lts sf/jfxLdf
k/]/ uGxfPsf kmf]xf]/sf 8+u'/x?,
b'Zdgsf ;fd' cfTd;dk{0f u/]/
nq]sf / kf6L{ ;b:o ;d]t gePsf
t/ ;fdflhs ;~hfndf ljt08tf
dRrfPsfx?sf hdftx?sf] rl/q
x]bf{ pgLx?sf] /fhgLlts :t/ c;fWo}
l67 nfUbf] b]lvG5 . oxfF k|i6 x'g'kg]{
ljifo 5, g]skf km'6s ] f] xf]Og, wd]G{ b|
;d"xn] km'6fPsf] xf] . g]skfaf6
kbd'Qm ePsf wd]G{ b| / ;'bz{g ;d"xn]
@)&( a} z fv @# / @$ ut]
lrtjgdf 5'§} /fli6«o e]nf u/]/ kf6L{
km'6fPsf 5g\\ . pgLx?n] a}zfv @^
ut] sf7df8f} F d f kqsf/
;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ gofF kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ff
u/]sf 5g\\ . of] g} kf6L{ km'6fPsf]
k|df0f xf] . g]skfsf] ljefhg lgZro
klg kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f{ g]tf sfo{stf{nfO{{
kL8fbfoL g} 5 . ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{{
kL]8faf]w agfPsf] 5 t/ eljiodf
pgLx?n] klg To;sf] kL8f ef]Ug]5g\\ .
gofF kf6L{ u7g u/]sf wd]G{ b| ;d"xn]
dxf;lrj ljKnjnfO{{ sf/jfxL u/]sf]
cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\\ . wd]{Gb| /
;'bz{gleq kbd'Qm ePkl5 lgs} 7"nf]
56\k6fx6 b]lvPsf] lyof] . pgLx?
kbd' Q m ePkl5 kf6L{ lg0f{ o /
cg'zf;gnfO{{ dfGg'kYof]{ . hLjge/
/fhgLlt u/]/ skfn km'nfPsf g]tfn]
w}o{ ug{'kb{Yof] . t/, pgLx?n] To;f]
u/]gg\ . lsgeg] s'/f kbd'Qmsf] dfq}
lyPg, s'/f pgLx?sf] leq n's]sf]
lgotsf] lyof] . lgot Jojxf/df k|i6
b]lvPsf] cfPsf] 5 . clxn] kf6L{af6
cnu ePsf] elgPsf] wd]G{ b| ;d"xn]
h'g;'s} ts{ u/] klg pgLx?sf s'/fx?
k'li6 x'g ;Sg] cfwf/x? 5}gg\ . Pp6}
ljrf/, l;4fGt, /fhgLlt /
sfo{qmdnfO{{ cufl8 a9fpgsf] nflu
kf6L{ cnu agfpg' k g] { s' g }
cfjZostf lyPg . kf6L{ s f]
sf/jfxLdf k/]kl5 cnu kf6L{ agfpg]
s'/f ;xL tl/sf lyPg . sf/jfxL 7Ls
lyof] ls a]7Ls < eGg] s'/f ;don]
k'li6 ub}{ n}hfG5 . sltko sf/jfxL
unt /x]5g\\ eg] klg ;don] k'li6
ub{5 . kf6L{n] u/]sf] sf/jfxLnfO{{
unt k'li6 ug{sf] nfuL wd]{Gb|x?n]
w}ot{ f b]vfpg ;Sg'kYof]{ . olb kf6L{n]
u/]sf] sf/jfxL unt 5 eg] kf6L{leq}
n8\g ;Sg'kb{Yof] / kf6L{ sfo{stf{nfO{{
k|i6\ofpg ;Sg'kb{Yof] . jf s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] a} 7 s jf dxflwj] z g
s'gk' b{Yof] t/ pgLx?n] agfPsf] kf6L{
km' 6 sf] cf} l rTo 5] p 6' K kf] klg
b] l vPg . /ftf] v a/ ;fKtflxs
g]skfsf] j}wflgs klqsf lyof] .
/ftf]va/ oxfF;Dd Nofpg kf6L{n] lgs}
7"nf] nufgL u/]sf] lyof] . of] g]skfsf]
gLlt / ljrf/x? ;fj{hlgs ug]{
dfWod lyof] . klqsf ;a}yf]s t
xf]Og, t/ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;fwg
lyof] . ?;df n]lggn] O:qmfdfkm{t\
kf6L{sf] gLlt / ljrf/ ;Dk|]if0f
ug{'x'GYof] . ToxfFsf] ?;L kf6L{df
ljefhg cfPkl5 O:qmf d]G;]ljsx?n]
sAhf u/]sf lyP . n]lggn] #^ c+s
dfq lgsfNg kfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
To;kl5 sd/] 8 n] l ggn] k| f Abf
klqsfdfkm{ t \ d] l G;ljsx?sf]
/fhgLlts e08fkmf]/ ub}{ ;dfhjfbsf]
k|rf/ ug{e ' Psf] lyof] . g]skfleq klg
To:t} eof] . /ftf] v a/ g] k fnL
cg'xf/sf d]G;]lesx?n] sAhf u/]sf
5g\\ . ca qmflGtsf/Lx?sf nfuL gofF
k|fAbfsf] h?/L ePsf] 5 . gofF
k|fAbfdfkm{t\ PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf]
k|rf/ ug]5 { g\\ . j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]
kIfdf hgdt lgdf{ 0 f ug] { 5 g\ \ .
g]skfn] of] sfd ug]{5 . clxn]
/ftf] v a/ g] s kflj?4
ljt08tfjfbLx?sf] cv8f ag]sf] 5 .
kf6L{ s f] j} w flgs klqsfnfO{ {
kf6L{lj?4sf] cv8f agfOPsf] 5 .
lgof]lht k|sf/n] g]skfsf lj?4df
k|xf/ ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ?kdf
kf6L{sf lj?4df k|xf/ ul/Pkl5 kf6L{n]
o;sf] hjfkm gofF k|fAbfdfkm{t\ lbg]
g} 5 . wd] { G b| ;d" x n] ljz] i f
dxflwj]zgsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ ;dfrf/
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . b'O{rf/ hgf
hDdf eP/, sf/jfxLdf k/]/ s'lxPsf
/ uGxfPsfx?sf] eL8 hDdf kf/]/ /
rf/ kfgfsf] lgaGw n]v/] 3'Sof{pbF d } f
ljz]if dxflwj]zg x'bF g} . 5'§} k|sf/sf]
ljz]if dxflwj]zg ug{ 5'§} bz{g,
l;4fGt, gLlt, of]hgf / ;+u7gfTds
k|0ffnL rflxG5 . t/ Tof] b]lvb}g .
qmflGt ug]{ xf] eg] wd]G{ b| ;d"xleqsf
s]xL OdfGbf/x?nfO{{ ;RrfP/ kf6L{df
kmsf{pg'k5{ . qmflGt gug]{, 3'sf{pg],
kf6L{ ljlw gdfGg] / /ldtf ul//xg]
xf] eg] ToxL …l;b|fsf] Jofkf/Ú rnfP/
a:g' g} pko'Qm x'G5 .
wd]{Gb| u'6sf] cGof}n / lbzfxLg
ofqf
wd]G{ b| u'6n] g]skflj?4 e|dk"0f{
cf/f]kx? nufpFb} cfPsf] 5 . Tof]
cf/f]k gofF t xf]Og, k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n]
g]skflj?4 o;/L g} cf/f]k nufpFb}
cfPsf 5g\\ . k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n]
g] s kfsf] qmflGtsf/L gLlt /
g]tT[ jlj?4 laifjdg ug]{ / qmflGtnfO{{
sdhf]/ agfpg] unt cfzosf ;fy
o:tf] cf/f]k nufpFb} cfPsf 5g\\ .
sGrg u'6 kf6L{ / qmflGtaf6 knfog
ePkl5 clxn] 7Ls ToxL
k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] ;]jf ug]{ ljGb'df
k'u]sf] 5 . g]skfaf6 clxn] sGrg
u'6sf] Pp6f ;fgf] ;d"x rf]Ol6P/
lgl:sP klg Tof] ;d"x sfo{qmlds
b[li6n] cGof}n / lbzfljxLg aGg
k'us ] f] 5 . cfˆg} :ki6 gLlt, l;4fGt
/ sfo{lbzfsf] cefjdf tfafsf] df5f]
e'u+ f| d
] fem}+ ePsf] 5 . :ki6 l;4fGtsf]
cfwf/df kf6L{ lgdf{0f gx'g] gePkl5
sDo'lg:6 gLlt, l;4fGt / em08fnfO{{
;d]t tf]8df]8 u/L g:nLo /fhgLlt
ub}{ cfPsf cfx'lt / uf]kfn ls/fFtLsf]
b}nf]df 9f]sf 9s9Sofpg k'u]sf]
;dfrf/x? cfO/x]sf 5g\\ . s7},
pgLx?sf] qmflGtsf/L rl/q Û
ljKnjnfO{{ ;+zf]wgjfbL b]v]/ cfx'lt
/ ls/fF t LnfO{ { qmflGtsf/L b] V g
yfn] 5 g\ \ Û a8f] crDdsf]
qmflGtsfl/tf Û k| r 08nfO{ { e] 6 ] /
…kf6L{sf] gfd km]/f}Ú+ eGb} kf6L{ Pstfsf
nfuL k|:tfj u/]sf] s'/f ;d]t aflx/
cfPsf 5g\ \ . …a[ x t sDo' l g:6
PstfÚsf] gfddf sDo' l g:6
l;4fGtaf6 plxNo} Ro' t ePsf]
Pdfn];lxtsf] Pstfsf] kIfdf ax;
rnfpFb} cfPsf] t ljlbt} 5 . pgLx?sf]
sfo{lbzf hgo'4, gofF hgjfb xf] ls
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb < Tof] klg k|i6
5}g . …PsLs[t hgo'4Ú kbfjnL g}
u~hfuf]n 5 . hgo'4 cfkm}dF f PsLs[t
o'4 xf], cyf{t\ ;du| o'4 xf], PsLs[t
elg/xg' cfjZos 5}g . k|r08,
cfx'lt, ls/fFtL, s]kL jnLx?;Fu s'g
/fhgLlts nfO{gsf] cfwf/df Pstf
x'g] < Tof] klg k|i6 5}g . Ps k|sf/n]
clxn] sGrg u'6sf cufl8 s'g} :ki6
/fhgLlts sfo{lbzf gePsf] s'/f k|i6
5 . cyf{t\ of] ;d"x sfo{lbzfljxLg
cGof}ntfsf] ps';d's'; e'd/Ldf
cQflnPsf] 5 .
k| l taGwsf] a] n f g] s kfaf6
z'l4s/0fdf k/]sf Pshgf l;l;Pd
s[i0f wdnf …uDeL/Ún] 5'§} kf6L{
agfPsf lyP . dfl0fs nfdf gfdsf
Pshgf g]tfn] ljKnjaf6 ljb|fx] u/]sf]
eGb} gofF kf6L{ agfPsf lyP . pgLx?n]
cfk"mnfO{{ ;a}eGbf ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L
g]tf atfpFy] t/ clxn] pgLx?sf] /
pgsf kf6L{sf] gfd cl:tTjdf ;d]t
5}g . …ljKnjn] qmflGt ub}g{ g\Ú eGb}
kf6L{ 5f8]sf tyfslyt …qmflGtsf/LÚ
g] t fx? kbd /fO{ , hLjGt /
kf/;dl0fx? s'g dxf;fu/df efFl;P <
/fhgLltdf clxn] pgLx?sf] s'g}
cl:tTj 5}g . a]Un} kf6L{ agfpg' s'g}
sl7g s'/f xf]Og t/ h;n] ljKnjnfO{{
;+zf]wgjfbL eGb} wf/]xft nufP/
kf6L{af6 aflxl/Psf lyP / 5g\,\ pgLx?
clxn] u'undf ;d]t e]l6b}gg\ . -
xfdLnfO{{ oL kfqx?sf gfd ;lDemg
k'/} Pslbg sf]lz; ug{'u¥of] t/
;lDemg ;lsPg . g]skfsf Ps g]tfnfO{{
;f]wk] l5 dfq pNn]v ug{ ;lsof]_ cyf{t\
kf6L{ 5f8]/ uPsf oL kfqx? hgtfsf]
dl:tisaf6 8fOgf] ; /h:t} nf] k
eO;s]sf 5g\\ . pgLx?n] g]skfdfly
nufPsf cf/f]kx? u}/dfS;{jfbL,
clwe"tjfbL / cj:t'jfbL lyP eGg]
o;af6 k|dfl0ft x'G5 . wd]G{ b| ;d"xsf]
lgolt klg o:t} x'g] s'/fdf s'g} ;Gb]x
5}g . lsgls pgLx? s'g} bz{g, ljrf/
/ l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df geO{ ;gsdf
ljKnjnfO{{ …b]vfOlbgÚ kf6L{ agfPsf
5g\\ / pgLx?sf] ;d"xdf s'ga} n ] f
g] s kfaf6 cfly{ s , ;f+ : s[ l ts /
;f+u7lgs c/fhstfsf] sf/jfxLdf
k/]sf / k|ltaGwsf] a]nf b'Zdgsf ;fd'
cfTd;dk{0f u/]sfx?sf] eL8ef8 /x]sf]
5 . s'ga} n ] f ljKnjsf] a|f08 a]r/]
u'hf/f rnfPsf / kf6L{sf] uf]Ko ;"rgf
a]r/] vfFb} cfPsf kmf]xf]/x? y'lk|g]
8lDkª;fO6h:t} clxn] wd]G{ b| ;d"x
ag]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f pgLx?af6 qmflGt
x'g] / qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ aGg] s'/f lbpF;}
/ft kfg]a{ fx]s c? s]xL klg xf]Og .
To;sf/0f pgLx?nfO{{ ca Pp6f dfq}
af6f] v'nf 5, Tof] xf]–a}B ;d"xdf ljnLg
x'g' jf k|r08 ;d"xdf ljlng x'g' .
a} B ;d" x sf] kf6L{ l eq klg
;+3Lotf;DaGwL ljjfb / hfltjfbsf]
k|Zg /x]sf]n] ls ;+3Lotf :jLsf/
ug{k' of]{ ls t of] klg pgLx?sf nfuL
af6f] aGb x'g] b]lvG5 . k|r08 ;d"xdf
pgLx?sf] s'g} /fhgLlts x}l;ot
x' F b } g . To;sf/0f wd] { G b| ;d" x
/fhgLlts / j}rfl/s lgsf;ljxLgtf
/ cGof}ntfsf sf/0f s'lx/f]leq
x/fPsf] sfuh:t} ePsf] 5 .
g] s kflj?4 rnfO{ P sf e| f ds
xNnfx?
!= s]xL dlxgfotf g]skfsf lj?4
z[v + nfa4 ?kdf /ftf]va/ nufot
ljleGg cgnfO{ g , ;fdflhs
;Ghfndfkm{ t \ e| f ds xNnfx?
rnfO{ P sf] 5 . avf{ s f] eml/df
h:t}gs ] kflj?4 ;fgf]ltgf] af9L g}
cfPsf] 5 . of] af9L Ifl0fs t x'G5
g}, t/ c;fjwfgL ckgfdbf of] af9Ln]
sltkonfO{{ aufpg ;S5 t/ xfdL
cflQxfNg' k g] { cj:yf 5} g .
lxFpbdf;;Fu} of] af9L cfkm}F ;'g;fg
v08x/df kl/0ft x'G5 .
@= g]skf lj?4sf] ljifjdg
/fhgLlts ljrf/sf] :t/ / pkh
geP/ wd]G{ b| / ;'bz{gsf] JolQmut
cfqmf]z, s'07f / k"jf{ux| g} d'Vo /x]sf]
5 . s'g} jfbljjfb, ts{–k|ltts{ ug]{
p2]Zon] agfOPsf ljrf/n] Ifl0fs ¿kdf
cfgGb t b]nf t/ To;sf] s'g} b"/ufdL
pkfb]otf / cf}lrTo x'Gg . To:tf ljrf/
kfgLsf kmf]sfem}F x'G5g\,\ h'g If0fe/df
g} lanfP/ jf n'Kt eP/ hfg]5g\\ .
#= wd] { G b| ;d" x n] …ljKnjn]
;+;bjfbnfO{{ :jLsf/ u/]sf]Ú, …Pdfn];uF
Pstf ug{ vf] h ] s f] Ú …;+ ; bLo
;+ z f] w gjfbÚh:tf lgDg:t/sf] ,
c/fhg}lts / bfz{lgs b[li6n] k'li6
gx'g] cf/f]k nufPsf] 5 . pgLx?sf]
of] s'07f, cIfdtf / k"jf{ux| sf] s'g}
cf}ifwL 5}g . ;fob pgLx?nfO{{ yfxf
5, ljKnj ;+;bjfbsf lj?4 ;a}
;'ljwfx?nfO{{ Tofu]/ gofF kf6L{ agfPsf
lyP / wd]{Gb|–;'bz{gx? ljKnjsf]
qmflGtsf/L nfO{gdf plePsf lyP .
hxfF;Dd Pdfn]h:tf] u}/sDo'lg:6,
;+zf]wgjfbL kf6L{l;tsf] Pstfsf] s'/f
5, of] cf/f]kn] pgLx?leqsf] sDo'lg:6
kf6L{af/] lgDg:t/sf] /fhgLlts a'emfO{
/ 1fgsf] ;+st] ub{5 . a? pgLx?n]
Pdfn]l;t Pstf ug{ vf]hs ] f] s'g} k|df0f
b]vfOlbP /fd|f] x'G5 . csf]{ s'/f
;+zf]wgjfbsf] cy{ ;+;bjfb xf] .
cyf{t\ ;+;b\ / ;+zf]wgjfb p:t} xf] .
;+zf]wgjfbsf] cy{ xf], dfS;{jfbsf]
tf]8df]8 . ;+;bLo sDo'lg:6x?n] oxL
ub} { cfPsf 5g\ \ . ;+ ; bjfbdf
;+zf]wgjfb ylk/xg' kb}g{ . oxfF …;+;bLo
;+zf]wgjfbÚsf] cy{;; + b qmflGtsf/L
klg x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{{ wd]G{ b| ;d"xn]
3'dfp/f] kf/fn] :jLsf/ u/]sf] a'lemG5 .
of] s'/fn] ;+;bLo Joj:yflj?4
nl8/x] s f] g] s kfdfly …;+ ; bLo
;+zf]wgjfbÚsf] cf/f]k cfkm}F vl08t
ePsf] 5 / of] k|Zg pN6} wd]{Gb|
;d"xlt/ kmls{Psf] 5 . pgLx?sf
g]skfdfly nufPsf oL cf/f]k s'07f,
cfqmf]; / k"jf{ux| df cfwfl/t em'6,
skf]NslNkt / cfwf/xLg /x]sf 5g\\ .
g]skf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb k|flKtsf
nfuL PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] k|of]udf
5 . g]skfnfO{{ yfxf 5, j}1flgs
;dfhjfb ank|of]ulagf ;Dej 5}g .
clxn] j:t'ut cj:yf tof/L ePklg
;f+u7lgs cj:yf alnof] eO;s]sf]
5}g . lgjf{rgsf] sfo{gLlts k|of]u
To;}sf] leGg 9+usf] tof/L xf] . o;sf]
cy{ ;+;bLo k'h F LjfbL Joj:yfnfO{{
:jLsf/ u/]sf] a'‰g' qmflGtsf] ;fdfGo
1fgnfO{{ ga'‰g' xf] . o;n] k|sf/fGt/n]
k'h
F Ljfb jf ;fd|fHojfbnfO{{ v'zL kfg{'
g} xf] . To;sf/0f clxn] wd]G{ b| ;d"x
g]skflj?4 em'6 pTkfbg ug]{ ;fgf]ltgf]
sf/vfgf ag]sf] 5 . pgLx? k|To]s
lbg gofF gofF k|sf/sf] em'6sf] v]tL
u5{g\ jf pTkfbg u5{g\ / ;fdflhs
;Ghfndfkm{t\ cfTd/tL lnO/x]sf 5g\\ .
uf]ojN;x?sf] rl/q o:t} x'gu] 5{ .
$= g]skfsf] sfo{lbzf PsLs[t
hgqmflGt xf] . PsLs[t hgqmflGt
;z:q hgljb|fx] / bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf]
;fj{ef}dkIf;lxt g]kfnL ljz]iftfdf
cfwfl/t gofF sfo{lbzf xf] . of]
ank|ofusf] l;4fGtl;t ;DalGwt 5 .
cyf{t\ /fHo / qmflGtsf] d"n l;4fGtdf
cfwfl/t 5 . t/ zflGtk"0f{ ;+3if{ jf
;+;baf6 ax'dt NofP/ ;dfhjfb
Nofpg] s'/f blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb
xf] . o;nfO{{ sfo{lbzfn] :jLsf/ u/]sf]
5}g . s'g} klg gLlt lgdf{0f ubf{
sNkgfsf] xjfO p8fgdf cfwfl/t eP/
xf]Og, oyfy{ w/ftnLo cj:yfnfO{{ g}
cfwf/ agfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . cGt/f{li6«o
kl/l:ylt / g]kfnsf] ljlzi6tfsf]
cfwf/df qmflGtsf] af6f] to x'G5 .
o;}sf cfwf/df kf6L{ / qmflGtnfO{{
cuf8L a9fpg'kb{5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
;a} ljz]iftfnfO{{ PsLs[t u/]/ bnfn
k'hF Ljfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug{ h?/L 5 .
s] clxn] kf6L{ km'6fP/ qmflGtsf] ;]jf
x'G5 < dxfg ;lxb / >lds hgtfsf
;kgf k'/f x'G5 < bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf
lj?4 n8\ g ;3fpF 5 <
qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{{ sdhf]/ agfP/ wd]G{ b|
;d"xsf] km'6n] ;fd|fHojfbsf] ;]jf
gu/]/ s;sf] u5{ < bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf]
;] j f gu/] / s;sf] u5{ <
k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] ;]jf gu/] s;sf]
u5{ < k|i6 5}g / Û
%= j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfb x' F b }
;fDojfbdf k'Ug] g]skfsf] /0fgLlts
nIo xf] . o;sf nfuL g]skfn] hgdt
;+u|xsf] sfo{gLlt to u/]sf]5 .
sfo{lbzf / sfo{gLltn] /0fgLltnfO{{ ;]jf
ug{k' 5{ . j:t'ut cj:yfsf] cfwf/df
sfo{lbzf aG5 eg] cfTdut cj:yfsf]
cfwf/df sfo{ g Llt to x' G 5 .
sfo{gLlts nrstfsf] gfddf j}1flgs
;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf] k|ZgnfO{{ ;'b/"
3
eljiosf] ljifo agfpg' x' F b } g .
kf6L{dfly rf}tkmL{ k|xf/ eO/x]sf] a]nf
kf6L{ s f] hgdt /Iffsf nfuL
lgjf{rgsf] k|of]u ug]{ tTsfnLg
sfo{gLlt j}1flgslyof] . tTsfn
j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbdf k' U g klg
g;lsg] / hgdt arfpg klg
g;lsg] eof] eg] To;sf] kl/0ffd s]
x'G5 < To;n] s;sf] ;]jf u5{ < s]
bnfn k'h F Ljfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] ;]jf
ug{n ' fO{{ qmflGtsf/L sfo{gLlt elgPsf]
xf] < s] k|ltlqmofjfbL / qmflGtlj/f]wLnfO{{
;]jf ug]{ sfo{gLlt rflxPsf] xf] <
To;sf/0f ;+;bLo Joj:yflj?4 hgdt
/Iffsf nfuL lgjf{rgsf] k|of]u j}1flgs
g} lyof] / 5 .
^= lgjf{rg k|of]usf] sfo{gLlt
;+zf]wgjfbL / blIf0fkGyL nfO{g xf] eg]/
kf6L{dfly k|xf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . olb hgdt
/Iff ug]{ lgjf{rg k|of]usf] sfo{gLlt
;'wf/jfbL sfo{gLlt xf] eg] clxn]sf]
cj:yfdf qmflGtsf/L sfo{gLlt s] xf] <
alx:sf/ jf vf/]hn] hgdt /Iff ug{
;Sg] cj:yf lyof] ls lyPg < lgjf{rg
/f]Sg ;lsg] cj:yf lyof] ls lyPg <
dtbftf /f]Sg ;Sg] l:ylt lyof] ls
lyPg < kf6L{n] :jtGq pDd]bjf/
gp7fP/ z'elrGts / ;dy{sx?n]
Pd;L;L kIfw/nfO{{ ef]6 xfn]sf] eP
s;sf] ;]jf uYof]{ < qmflGtsf] ls Pd;L;L
kIfw/ bnfn ;+;bLo k'h F Ljfbsf] ;]jf
uYof]{ < hgdt /Iff qmflGtsf] tof/L
x'G5 ls k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] ;]jf <
To;sf/0f b]zeQm, :jtGq pDd]bjf/nfO{{
dtbfg ug{ ' s f] cy{ xf] – Pd;L;L
lj/f]wLnfO{{ dtbfg u/]/ bnfn ;+;bLo
Joj:yfsf] lj?4 pleg' . Pd;L;L lj/f]wL
pDd]bjf/nfO{{ dtbfg ug{s ' f] cy{sf] xf]–
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf nfuL qmflGtsf]
tof/L ug{' . sf+u; ]| , Pdfn], dfs]sf]
pDd]bjf/nfO{{ dtbfg gug{s ' f] cy{ xf]–
k|ltlqmofjfbL / ;+zf]wgjfb lj?4
PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] kIfdf b[9tfk"js {
pleg' . To;sf/0f qmflGtsf ukm dfq}
ug]{ xf] eg] Tof] qmflGtsf/L 9f]ªafx]s
s]xL xf]Og / x'bF g} . qmflGtsf/L /f]df~rsf]
e/df slt lbg ;f]emf;femf / OdfGbf/
sfo{stf{nfO{{ u'd/fxdf kfg{ ;lsPnf <
&= h'nfO{{ !()# df ePsf] n]lggsf]
kf6L{sf] bf];f| ] dxflwj]zgn] ;dfhjfbL
qmflGtnfO{{ cfˆgf] /0fgLlts nIo ls6fg
u/]sf] lyof] . ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf]
/0fgLltdf k' U gsf nflu s} o f} + F
sfo{gLlts r/0f kf/ ug{'kof]{ t/
n]lggn] /0fgLltnfO{{ sfo{gLlt agfpg]
uNtL slxNo} ug{e ' Pg . pxfFn] !()^
df 8\od' f -;+;b_sf] sfo{gLlts k|of]u
ug{ ' e of] . ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf]
/0fgLltnfO{{ @^ h'nfO{b{ l] v cu:t # -
!(!&_ df ePsf] 5}6f}F dxflwj]zgdf
uP/ Jofjxfl/s sfo{gLltdf kl/0ft
ul/of] . 5}6f}F dxflwj]zgn] ;z:q
ljb|fx] sf] sfo{gLlt kf; uof]{ . cS6f]a/
!), !(!& df ePsf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf]
a}7sn] s]xL lbgleq ;z:q ljb|fx] ;'?
ug]{ km};nf lnof] . cS6f]a/ @$
tfl/vb]lv ;z:q ljb|fx] ;'? eof] cyf{t\
;dfhjfbL qmflGtnfO{{ /0fgLlt agfPsf]
!$ jif{kl5 dfq qmflGtsf] cfXjfg
ug{e ' Gbf b'O{ ;ftfcufl8 dfq Tof]
sfo{ g Llts sfo{ q md aGof] . of]
;Gbe{nfO{{ hf]8g\ s ' f] tfTko{ n]lggn]
sfo{gLltnfO{{ /0fgLlts nIo k|flKtsf
nfuL w}ot{ fk"js { k|oTg ul//xg'eof] . t/
n]lgg slxNo} ;+zf]wgjfbL x'ge ' Pg .
wd]G{ b|x¿n]eg]em}F n]lggn] kl/l:yltsf]
cltqmd0f u/]/ sfo{gLlt to u/]sf]
eP jf /0fgLltnfO{{ sfo{gLlts gf/f
agfOlbPsf] eP s] ?;df ;dfhjfbL
qmflGt ;Dej x'g] lyof] < To;sf/0f
wd]G{ b|x?n] rnfPsf] kf6L{lj?4sf] e|dx?
s'g} ;}4flGts geP/ u'6sf] ljlIfKt
dfgl;stfaf6 k|l] /t 5 . g]skfsf
sfo{stf{ / z'elrGtsx? o:tf
e|dx?af6 ljrlnt x'g cfjZos 5}g .
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ha r"/f]6 ;lNsG5 clg SofG;/ klNsG5

w'dk| fg tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{ ;]jgs}
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Hofg u'dfpF5 eGg] ;'Gbf crDd nfUg
;S5 . t/ o;df cfZro{ dfGg' kb}g{
lsgls x/]s jif{ nueu ^) nfv dfG5]
oL kbfy{x?s} ;]jgsf sf/0fn] csfnd}
dg]{ ub{5g\\ . d[tsdWo] %) nfv dfG5]x?
o:t} kbfy{sf k|ToIf ;]js x'g eg] !)
nfv xf/fxf/Lsf dfG5]x?rflxF tL lg/Lxx¿
x'g h;sf] d[To' c?n] ul/lbPsf] w'dk| fg
jf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] v]tL, pTkfbg /
j]rlavgdf ;+nUgtfsf] sf/0fn] x'g]
ub{5 . o:tf] eofjx d[To'j/0f j[l4sf]
tYof+s O{=;+=@)#) ;Dddf *) nfv
k'Ug] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
a]nfotsf] …SofG;/ l/;r{ kmfpG8];gÚ
n] hf/L u/]sf] tYof+scg';f/ ;+;f/el/
;'lt{hGo kbfy{x?sf] ;]jg ug]x{ ?sf] ;+Vof
nueu *% s/f]8 @) nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf
/x]sf]5 . h;dWo] ^! s/f]8 ^) nfv
JolQmx? w'dk| fgsf] ntdf 5g\ eg] @$
s/f]8 &) nfv u'6v \ f, v}gL, kfg,
kfgd;nf h:tf w'jfF/lxt ;'lt{hGo
kbfy{x?sf] ;]jgdf ;DnUg 5g\\ .
;'lt{hGo kbfy{ ;]jg
;'lt{ ;]jgsf w]/} tl/sfx? 5g\\ .
h;dWo] ;'lt{sf ;'ss ] f kftx?nfO{{ hnfP/
w'dk| fg ug{ jf d'vdf RofKg], rjfpg],
;]jgsf ljlwx? x'g\ . ;'lt{ ;]jg ubf{
;'lt{df ePsf lgsf]l6gnufot cGo gzfn'
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kbfy{x?n] xfd|f] :gfo' k|0ffnLsf UofËnLog
tyf ge{ OlG8Ëx?nfO{{ pQ]lht ul/lb+bf
o;n] Ps lsl;dsf] 6«ofËs'ln6L, o'kmf]/Lof
/ cfgGbsf] cg'el" t k}bf u5{ . kmnt\ of]
cg'ej kfpg dfG5]n] ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf]
;]jg ug]{ ub{5 .
;'lt{df kfOg] xfgLsf/s tTjx?
M ;'lt{sf] hngaf6 pTkflbt w'jfdf
$))) / ;'lt{sf kftdf &))) :jf:Yosf
nflu xfgLsf/s tTjx? kfOG5 . h;dWo]
&) tTjx? SofG;/ /f]usf nflu lhDd]jf/
x'G5g\ . ;'lt{sf] w'jfdf kflxg] 6f/, kf]nL–
Go"lSnP/ c/f]dl] 6s xfO8«fs ] fj{g, la6f
g]KyfOnLg, Pg–gfO6«f; ] f]gf]/lgsf]6Lg
a]Ghf]kfO{l/g, lgsLn, cf;]l{ gs, kf]nf]lgod–
klg ld;fOPsf] x'G5 . oL d;nfx?
:jf:Yosf nflu Tolt xfgLs/s t x'bF g} g\
t/ logn] ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] :jfb a9fO{
lbg] x'bF f ;'lt{ ;]js :jfb dfgLdfgL ;]jg
ug{ /dfpg] x'bF f ;"lt{sf] gzfdf g/fd|/L
hsl8g] k'Ub5 .
;'lt{ tyf ;'lt{sf] hngaf6 pTkflbt
w'jfdf kfOg] No"sLldof u/fpg] j]GhLg,
kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ u/fpg] /]l8of]PlS6j
kf]nl] god–@!) klg cToGt xfgLsf/s
tTjx? x' g . nG8gsf SofG;/
cg'zGwfgstf{x?n] u/]sf] cg'dfg d'tfljs
Ps jif{;Dd #) j6f r'/f]6sf] b}lgs
;]jg ug]{ ubf{ lgl:sPsf /]l8of]PlS6e
tTjx?n] z/L/nfO{{ ToxL kl/df0fdf xfgL
k'¥ofpFb5 h'g #)) k6s PS;/] ubf{
x'g] ub{5 .
;'lt{ ;]jgsf j]kmfObf
w'dk| fg tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{x?sf]
;]jg ug]{ dfG5]n] k|To]s xKtfdf Ps lbg
a/fa/sf] cfo' 5f]6o\ fp5 . ;fy} o;sf]
;]jgaf6 d'Vo ?kdf d'v, luhf,
Zjf;gnL, bfFt tyf kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/
No"sl] dof -/utsf] SofG;/_, k]6, d[uf}nf,
Kofglqmofh, 7"nf] cfGb|f, d'q y}nL /
kf7]3/sf] SofG;/ x'g] vt/f j9]/ hfG5 .
To;} u/L d'6' tyf /QmgnL;Fu ;DalGwt
/f]ux?, :6«fk] m Kof/fnfO{l{ ;;, cGwf]kg, luhf
;'GgLg], bd–vf]sL, Go"df]lgof, ;Lcf]kL8L,
/Qm gnL ;f+ul' /g], :gfo' tGt'x?sf] Ifo,
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lvOg] / eflRrg], gk';+' stf / afemf]kg
j9\g,] ysfg, clgGb|f, ckr, d'8 l8;c8{/
-dfgl;s c;'Gtng_ h:tf /f]usf] vt/f
a9]/ hfG5 . ule{0fL dlxnfn] w'dk| fg
u/]df ckfË tyf d[t aRrf hGdg]
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kbfy{x?df sf]ifx?nfO{{ xfgL ug]{,
hLgx?nfO{{ Do"6;] g u/fpg], sf]ifx?sf]
clgolGqt ljefhg u/fpg] tTjx? /x]sf
x'G5g\ . oL tTjx?n] l;w} l8PgPnfO{{
Iflt k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} SofG;/sf] nflu
lhDd]jf/ cGsf]lhgx?nfO{{ pQ]lht u/L
SofG;/nfO{{ hGd lbg k'Ub5g\\ . To;}u/L
;'lt{, v}gL / u'6v \ f ;]jgn] klg d'v
tyf k]6sf] SofG;/ t u/fpF5 g} ;fy}
d'6' tyf d'6s ' f /QmgnL ;DjlGwt /f]ux?,
u|GyLx? ;'lGgg], /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds
Ifdtfsf] sdL u/fpg], /utgsf] SofG;/,
jf]gDof/f] ;DalGwt ;d:of / gk';+ stfnfO{{
lgDTofpF5 . v}gLdf ld;fPsf] r'gfn] d'vsf]
tyf k]6sf] cN;/ u/fpFb5 eg] u'6v \ f
tyf cGo ;'lt{x?sf] ;]jgn] /Qmrfk
a9fpg], d'6/' f]u, :gfo'–Ifo, sn]hf], d[uf}nf
tyf cfGb|fx?sf] sfo{sf] Ifdtfdf x|f;,
bfFtsf] ;d:of, dw'dx] , df]6f]kg, dfgl;s
tgfj, lrGtf, 8/ / pbf;Lgtfsf
;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jgaf6 jflif{s
@& xhf/ g]kfnLsf] d[To' Û
sf7df8f}F . g]kfndf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jgaf6 jflif{s sl/a @&
xhf/ dflg;sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . /fli6«o :jf:Yo lzIff ;"rgf
tyf ;~rf/ s]Gb|sf lgb]z { s ;'lgn/fh zdf{n] cGt/f{li6«o:t/ ;'lt{ lbj;sf]
ca;/df d+unaf/ lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ g]kfndf x/]s jif{ @& xhf/ !#&
dflg;sf] d[To' ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jgsf sf/0f x'g] u/]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ .
h'g ;+Vof g]kfnsf] hDdf d[To'sf] sl/a !% k|ltzt xf] . ljZjdf jflif{s
*) nfv dflg;sf] d[To' ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jgsf] sf/0f x'G5 . h;dWo]
&) nfv k|ToIf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jg / !@ nfv;Fu} a:g]n] vfPsf]
r'/f]6sf] w'jfFsf] c;/sf sf/0fn] d[To' x'g] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;'tL{hGo
kbfy{sf] ;]jgn] SofG;/, d'6' /f]u, bL3{ Zjf;k|Zjf;;DaGwL /f]u / dw'd]x
/f]u nfUg] ub{5 . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] c;/nfO{{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ g]kfndf
;'tL{hGo kbfy{ lgoGq0f / lgodg;DaGwL P]g, sfg'g / lgb]l{ zsf kfl/t
eO{ nfu" eO;s]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . …cfd hgtfsf] ;':jf:Yo ;'lglZrt ug{,
;'tL{hGo kbfy{ gofF ;]jgstf{sf] b/df sdL Nofpg / cdnLx?—nfO{{
ntaf6 5'6fpg ljleGg cleofg / sfo{qmd;d]t eO/x]sf 5g\\,Ú pgn]
hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5, …t/ ;'tL{ pBf]usf] x:tIf]k / pgLx?sf]
/0fgLltn] r'gf}tL eg] oyfjt\ g} /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . xfn k|rlnt O{–l;u|]6,
l;;f, x'Ssfnufotsf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf cfw'lgs / kl/:s[t ?knfO{{ ;d]6g\ ]
u/L j[xt tl/sfn] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;d]t cfjZos b]lvG5 .Ú
x/]s jif{ cfh ljZj ;'tL{hGo kbfy{/lxt lbj; dgfpg] ul/G5 .
…;'tL{hGo kbfy{ Tofuf},F :jf:Yo / jftfj/0f hf]ufcf}+ /x]sf] 5,Ú eGg] gf/fsf
;fy dgfOg] ul/Psf] 5 . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jgn] dfgj :jf:Yodf dfq
geO ;a} jftfj/0fdf g} c;/ ug]{ ePsf]n] o;nfO{{ TofUg' jf ;]jg gug{' g}
;a}eGbf pQd pkfo /x]sf] pgn] lj1lKtdf hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . ;'tL{hGo
kbfy{n] k|ToIf?kdf dflg;sf] :jf:Yodf c;/ ug{s ' f] ;fy} jftfj/0fdf klg
uDeL/ c;/ ug]{ u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] v]tL, pTkfbg,
;]jgsf sf/0f lgDTofpg] jftfj/0fLo k|efjnfO{{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;'tL{hGo
kbfy{/lxt lbj;nfO{{ jif}{el/ cleofgsf] ?kdf ;~rfng ug{'kg]{ pgsf]
egfO 5 . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] v]tL / pTkfbg ug]{ qmddf, k|of]u÷;]jg ubf{

w"dk| fg s;/L TofUg] <

sf7df8f}F . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ lgsf]l6go'Qm gzfn' kbfy{ x/]s * ;]sG] 8df Ps hgfsf] d[To' ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf]
;d:ofx? NofpFb5 .
;"lt{ ;]jsx?sf] k'g:yf{kgf
w'dk| fg / ;"lt{hGo kbfy{x? Tofu]/
;fdfGo :jf:Yo hLjg afRg] rfxgf ;a}sf]
/ k|of]u kZrftsf kmf]xf]/n] kfgLsf ;|f]t, df6f], jfo' / ;x/ g} k|b"lift
eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ljZjdf x/]s jif{ #% nfv x]S6/ hldg ;'tL{ v]tLsf
nflu gi6 ul/G5 . ;'tL{ v]tLsf sf/0f jg kmF8fgL x'g] / df6f]sf] pkfbsTjdf
x'G5 t/ x'bF fx'bF } klg gzf d'Qm x'g w]/} ;d]t x|f; x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . …;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbgsf qmddf
xf] . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{df %)) eGbfa9L xflgsf/s tTjx¿ ;]jgs} sf/0fn] x'g] ub{5 eg] x/]s !) hgfdWo] Ps lg:sg] ljleGg ljiffQm Uof;sf sf/0f hnjfo' kl/jt{g klg eO/x]sf]
JolQmx? c;kmn 5g\\ . lsgls ;"lt{hGo
kfOG5g\\ . h;dWo] &) eGbfa9L SofG;/sf sf/s tTjx¿ hgf jo:ssf] csfndf d[To' ;+;f/el/ r'/f]6 ;]jgs} atfOPsf] 5,Ú lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5, …To;}n] ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg /
kbfy{x?sf] Tofu ug]{ sfd qmlds lqmof
kfOG5g\\ . ljZje/ x/]s jif{ *) nfv dflg;x¿ w"dk| fgsf sf/0fn] x'g] ub{5 . o:t}, qmd rln/xg] xf] eg] ;g\ ;]jg b'a} s'/fnfO{{ lg?T;flxt ug{' clt g} cfjZos 5 .Ú ljZjdf pTkfbg
xf] . of] sfd cfhsf] ef]ln g} ug{
sf/0f d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;dWo] &) nfv k|ToIf w"dk| fg @)#) ;Dddf r'/f]6 ;]jgn] ^ dWo] ! hgf dfG5]sf] ul/g] ;'tL{hGo kbfy{dWo] () k|ltzt ljsf];f]Gd'v b]zdf pTkfbg ul/G5 .
;lsFbg} . o;sf nflu b[9 ;+sNksf]
ug]x{ ¿ / nueu !@ d[ T o' u/fpg] Go"g tyf dWod juL{o b]zsf ls;fg tyf ;/sf/n] ;'tL{hGo kbfy{
cfjZostf kb{5 . ;"lt{ ;]jsx?nfO{{
nfv ck| T oIf ljZjJofkL pTkfbgnfO{{ /fd|f] cfo;|f]tsf] ?kdf lnPsf] b]lvP klg pgLx?n] eljiodf
gzf d'Qm u/fpg dgf]k/fdz{, u'k| y]/fkL,
w"dk| fgsf sf/0f d[To' tYof+sut k"jf{gd' fg o;n] lgDTofpg] uDeL/ ;d:of h:t}M vfB c;'/Iff, /f]u, ul/aL / jftfj/0fLo
Jojxfl/s tflndx?, ;Ddf]xg, of]u–
x'g] u/]sf] 5 . w"dk| fg 5. c;/af/] eg] ;r]t gePsf] kfOG5 .
y] / flk, k| f s[ l ts lrlsT;f,
ug]{ JolQm -k|ToIf_nfO{{ w"d|kfgsf
cs'kGr/h:tf pkrf/ k4ltx?n]
h:t} w" d | k fg ug] {
JolQmsf] 5]pmdf a:g]
-ck|ToIf_ dflg;nfO{{
sf/0f kmf] S ;f] s f]
SofG;/ dfq xf]Og,
o;n] d' q y} n L,
;xof]u ub{5 . 5f]8g\ g;Sg]x?sf nflu
lgsf]l6g /flvPsf] r'Ou{ d / 5fnfdf
afudtL / u08sLsf uf8Ldf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 clgafo{
sf7df8f}F . afudtL / u08sL gDa/ clgjfo{ gul/P sf/afxL x'g]
/flvg] lgsf]l6gsf Kofrx?, On]lS6«s k| b ] z df btf{ sfod ePsf r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] afudtL
klg plQs} xfgL kf7]3/, lduf}n{ f cGo
l;u/]6 h:tf j:t'x? lbP/ lj:tf/} ;jf/L;fwgdf ! ;fpg;Dd ODaf]:8 / u08sLsf ;jf/L ;fwgdf ODaf]:8
k' ¥ ofO/x] s f] x' G 5 . !@ j6f cGo
5f]8fOg] klg ul/G5 . To:t} ;"lt{, v}gL, gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg clgjfo{
c¿n] tfg]sf] r'/f]6sf] z/L/sf c+sx¿sf]
u'6v\ faf6 d'lQm lbnfpg cb'jf, NjfË, ug{ ut @@ sflQsdf
w'jfFn] cfk"mnfO{{ c;/ SofG;/ lgDTofpg]
hL/f h:tf d;fnfx? lbP/ klg gzf /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
k'lu/x]sf] 5 eGg] x]Ssf ub{ 5 . h;dWo]
5'6fpg] ul/G5 . u/]sf] lyof] . t/, ODaf]:8
gePsf sf/0f klg kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/sf]
cGtdf ;dfhnfO{{ w'dk| fg tyf gDa/ h8fg gePsf] eGb}
w"dk| fgsf nt gePsf k| d ' v sf/0f g}
;"lt{hGo kbfy{ d'Qm agfpg lghL, ljefun] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf]
dflg;x¿ klg ;fyLefO{ of hf]sf]xL w"dk| fgsf] ntdf /x]sf w"dk| fg xf] . oxL w"dk| fgsf] sf/0fn] sl/a *) k|ltzt
;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] hgfPsf] 5 . afudtL
dflg;sf] glhs x'bF f SofG;/hGo /f]usf] l;sf/ alg/x]sf dflg;x¿sf] kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To:t},
o;sf] ;]jgaf6 x'g] a]kmfObfsf jf/]df k| b ] z sf] nlntk' / l:yt
x'G5g\\ . lgoldt w"dk| fg ubf{ ;]jg ug]n{ fO{{ dfq geO{ ;Fu} d'vsf] SofG;/sf] d'Vo sf/0f klg ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ g} xf] .
hgr] t gfd" n s sfo{ q mdx? PsfGts'gf / sf7df8f}lF :yt
ePsf JolQmnfO{{ klg plQs} c;/ u5{ . h;nfO{{ Kofl;e w'dk| fgsf] ntaf6 lg:sg cfk"mdf cg'zf;g / cfTdan
b]zJofkL?kdf hgtf ;dIf n}hfg gDa/ Kn]6 clgjfo{ ul/;Sg' ePsf] h' h { ' w f/f tyf u08sL k| b ] z sf]
:df]s/ elgG5 . lgoldt w"dk| fg ubf{ kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/, :tg x'g lgs} h¿/L x'G5 t/ ;f]rh ] :tf] sl7g klg 5}g .
h?/L 5 . ;fy} ;"lt{hGo kbfy{sf] 5 . oftfoft Joj:yf ljefun] Ps sf:sLl:yt kf]v/fdf /x]sf oftfoft
SofG;/, ue{ktg, gjhft lzz'sf] j[l4 ljsf; gx'g,] 5fnfrfp/L h:t}M r'/f]6 vfg] a]nf Njfª, ;'sd' n] rkfpg], cfk"mnfO{{
;]jgaf6 x'g] bL3{sflng a]kmfObfnfO{{ ;"rgf hf/L ub}{ oL b'O{ k|bz
] df btf{ Joj:yf sfof{nodf ODaf]:8 gDa/
kg],{ >j0fzlQm sdhf]/ x'g,] bfFt lau|g,] bd a9\g,] vf]sL Jo:t /fVg], lgoldt Jofofd ug],{ kfgL k|z:t lkpg],
gh/cGbfh u/L w'dk| fg/lxt /fHosf] sfod /x] s f df] 6 /;fOsn;lxt h8fg;DaGwL ljefusf] lgb]z { g / ;+3Lo
nfUg], d'6,' sn]hf] ;DaGwL /f]ux¿ nfUg], /Qmrfk a9fpg], w"dk| fg ;]jg ug]{ jftfj/0faf6 6f9f a:g], cgfjZos
sNkgf ;fsf/ ug{ ;/sf/n] ;jf/L;fwgdf ! ;fpg;Dd ODaf]:8 sfg"g sfof{Gjogdf gcfPsf] xf] .
k]6 / cfGb|fdf cN;/ x'g] h:tf /f]u nfUg] u5{ . To:t}, tgfj glng]h:tf pkfo ckgfpg ;s] ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf
o;;DaGwL 7f]; gLlt, lgod / To;sf]
w"dk| fg tyf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] sf/0f k|hgg\ tyf uef{j:yfdf
klg c;/ kb{5 . w"dk| fgsf] cTolws ;]jg ug]{ dflg;x¿df
sf/0f lgDTog] /f]uaf6 lglDtg] /f]uaf6 dfq geP/
dfgl;s ¿kdf klg :jf:Yo / : k"mt{ /xg d2t ub{5 .
;zQm sfof{Gjog ub}{ o:tf 3fts
kbfy{x?sf] ;]jgaf6 x'g] ;fdflhs
kf“r dlxgfdf b'O{ nfv ko{6s lelqP
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn ko{6g af]8n { ] ljb]zL ko{6s g]kfn lelqPsf 5g\\ .
z'qmls6sf] pTkfbgdf x|f; cfpg], dlxnfx¿df ;do eGbf w"dk| fg TofUg tntn nfu]sf] a]nfdf r'Oud, SofG8L
c;'/Iff, ck/flws ultljlwnfO{{ pknAw u/fPsf] tYofÍcg';f/ ;g\ cl3Nnf] clk|n dlxgfdf %* xhf/
cufl8 g} aRrf hlGdg], sd tf}n ePsf] jf d[t aRrf h:tf s'/fx¿ rkfO/xg] . ;fyLefOx¿;Fu /dfOnf]
lgoGq0f ub}{ k|To]s dfG5]nfO{{ afFr / @)@@ sf] kfFr dlxgfdf em08} b'O{ #*$ ko{6sn] g]kfn e|d0f u/]sf
hlGdg] ;d:of b]vf kb{5 . ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf cg';f/ s'/fsfgL ug],{ cfk"mnfO{{ ;s];Dd Jo:t /fVg], xNsf lxF88'n
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?kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] kfO{G5 . ;'lt{hGo
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lehfPsf] kfgL jf ;'lt{ ldl>t cGo
kbfy{x?sf] ;]jg w'dk| fg/lxt ;'lt{
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sf7df8f}F . ut h]7 !^ ut] laxfg
kf]v/faf6 hf]d;f]d hfFb} u/]sf] tf/f
Po/sf] 6'ljGc6/ …gfOg PgPO6LÚ hxfh
cfh d':tfªsf] y;fª–@ df b'36{ gfu|:t
cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf] 5 . hxfh h]7
!% ut] laxfgb]lv ;Dks{lalxg ePsf]
lyof] . hxfhdf rfns bnsf tLg
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tL ;a}sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf
ePsf] of] klxnf] hxfh b'36{ gf eg]
xf]Og . o;cl3 klg y'k}| k6s g]kfndf
hxfh tyf x]lnsK6/ b'36{ gf ePsf
5g\\ . ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s
p•og dGqfnosf] tYofÍcg';f/ g]kfndf
kl5Nnf] &^ jif{df %@ j6feGbf a9L
hxfh tyf x]lnsK6/ b'36{ gfdf k/]sf
5g\\ . o:tf b'36{ gfdf y'ks} | f] Hofg uPsf]
5 . pQm cjlwdf g]kfndf ePsf hxfh
tyf x]lnsK6/ b'36{ gfdf *%) hgfeGbf
a9Lsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf klxnf]
k6s ;g\ !($^ d] & sf lbg hxfh
b'36{ gf ePsf] lyof] . /f]on kmf];{ Po/sf]
hxfh b'36{ gf x'bF f dfgljo Iflt eg]
ANofs aS;af/] s]xL /f]rs tYo
sf7df8f}F . ljdfgsf] kl5Nnf] efudf k+vfsf] ;fO{8df
/flvPsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ pks/0f xf], ANofs aS; .
ljdfg b'36{ gf eGg] lalQs} s] sf/0fn] b'36{ gf eof]
eGg] cflwsfl/s sf/0f yfxf kfpg ToxL ANofs aS;sf]
vf]hL ul/G5 . To;}n] of]
ljdfgsf nflu clt
cfjZos pks/0f xf] .
xfdLn] ;'Gg] u/]sf klg 5f}
ljdfg b'36{ gf eof] eg]
ANofs aS;sf] vf] h L
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aS; s] xf] t < x/]s
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aS; s] xf] / o;n] s] sfd u5{ eGg] af/]df eg] w]/n } fO{{
yfxf gx'g ;S5 . jf:tjdf ANofs aS; eg]sf] s] xf] <
gfdcg';f/ of] lsg sfnf] x'bF g} <
k|:t't 5 ANofs aS;af/] s]xL /f]rs tYo
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xfdLn] …ANofs aS;Ú eg]/ lrg]sf] ;fdu|Lsf] jf:tljs
gfd ˆnfO{6 8f6f /]s8{/ -Pkm8LP_ xf] . o;n] jf:tjd}
tYof+ssf] /]s8{ /fV5 . b'36{ gfkl5 cg';GwfgnfO{{ ;xh
agfpg, OlGhgsf] cfjfh, tfkqmd, OGwgsf] k|jfx,
ljdfgsf] ult, prfO / emg]{ b/nufotsf p8fg;Fu
;DalGwt tYof+ssf] o;n] /]s8{ /fV5 . o;nfO{{ ANofs
aS;eGbf /]s8{/ eGg' a9L pko{Q ' m x'G5 . klxnf of]
Pp6f aS;sf] cfsf/df x'g] eP klg clxn] o;sf]
cfsf/ xNsf l;lnG8/ h:tf] x'G5 .
@= ;fdfGotof b' O { j 6f aS; x' G 5g\ \
ˆnfO{6 8f6f /]s8{/sf] glhs} sslk6 EjO; /]s8{/
-;LeLcf/_ x'G5 . sslk6 EjfO; /]s8{/ Pp6f p8fg
ePsf] lyPg .
g]kfndf hxfh b'36{ gf x'bF f klxnf]
k6s dfgjLo Iflt ;g\ !(%% df ePsf]
lyof] . sfln+uf Po/sf] hxfh b'36{ gf
x'bF f b'Oh
{ gfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . o:t}
sf7df8f}d F f Ol08og Po/nfO{G;sf]
hxfh ;g\ !(%^ df b'36{ gf x'bF f !$
hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP .
Ol08og Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh g]kfn Po/nfO{g;sf] hxfh ;g\
;g\ !(%& df klg g] k fndf !(&% df sf7df8f}dF f b'36{ gf x'bF f kfFr
b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] lyof] . 6Lsf/e}/jdf hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] ;g\ !(&^
Ol08g Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh b'3{6gf d]3f}nLdf b'36{ gf x'bF f ^ hgfn] Hofg
x'Fbf @) hgfsf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] . u' d fPsf lyP . ;g\ !(&( df
o;sf] Ps jif{ glaTb} ;g\ !(%* nfª\6fª\df hxfh b'36{ gf x'bF f ^ hgfsf]
df Ol08og Po/nfO{G;sf] csf]{ d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
hxfh g]kfndf b'3{6gf x'Fbf @) g]kfn Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh ;g\
hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . !(*! df lj/f6gu/df b'36{ gfdf k/]sf]
g]kfn Po/nfO{g;sf] hxfh ;g\ lyof] . ;f] b'36{ gfdf !) hgfsf] d[To'
!(^) df b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] . ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh
e}/xjfdf b'36{ gf x'bF f rf/ hgf ofq'sf] ;g\ !(*$ df ef]hk'/df b'36{ gf x'bF f
d[To' ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn Po/nfO{G;sf] !% hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP . ;g\
csf]{ hxfh ;g\ !(^@ df 9f]/kf6gdf !(*% df g]kfndf csf]{ ljdfg b'36{ gf
b'36{ gf x'bF f !) hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf ePsf] lyof], h;df k/L @% hgfn]
lyP . ;f]xL jif{ g]kfn Po/ nfO{G;sf] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP .
csf]{ hxfh 9f]/kf6gd} b'36{ gf x'bF f ^ yfO{ Po/sf] hxfh ;g\ !((@ df
hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . g]kfndf b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] . /;'jfdf
g]kfn Po/nfO{G;sf] csf]{ hxfh ePsf] pQm b'36{ gfdf !!# hgfsf] d[To'
;g\ !(^( df b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] . ePsf] lyof] . kfls:tfg Po/nfO{G;sf]
;f] hxfh b'36{ gf x'bF f #% hgfsf] d[To' hxfh ;g\ !((@ df nlntk'/sf]
ePsf] lyof] . o;sf] Ps jif{kl5 ;g\ e§]8fF8fdf b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] . ;f]
!(&) df lbNnLdf g]kfn Po/nfO{G;sf] b'36{ gfdf !^& hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
/]s8{/ xf], h'g sslk6sf] cl8of] jftfj/0f /]s8{ ug{
k|of]u ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu ljdfg b'3{6gfkl5sf]
cg';Gwfgdf Po/ 6«flkms sG6«f]n;Fu ePsf ;~rf/nfO{{
cfwf/ dflgG5 . slxn]sfxL Pkm8Lcf/ / ;LeLcf/nfO{{ hf]8/]
Pp6f aS; agfOG5 .
;LeLcf/n] sslk6sf] b'O{
3G6f;Ddsf] cfjfh /]s8{
u5{ .
#= jf:tjdf of] sfnf]
geP/ ;' G tnf /+ u sf]
x' G 5
ANofs aS; cfuf]
k|lt/f]wL ;fdu|Laf6 ag]sf]
x'G5 h'g pHofnf] ;'Gtnf
/+ u sf] x' G 5 . o;nfO{ {
cf]/G] h aS; gegL lsg ANofs aS; elgof] eGg] af/]df s]xL
k|i6 5}g\ . b'36{ gfkl5 of] k|foM sfnf] x'G5 . of] xNsf u'nfkmL
/ /ftf] /+usf] klg x'G5 . c:6«l] nofsf j}1flgs 8]le8 jf/]gn]
;g\ !(%& df ANofs aS;sf] cfljZsf/ u/]sf lyP .
$= o;nfO{ { sslk6df /flvb} g
tYof+s / cfjfh sslk6af6} /]s8{ ul/g] eP klg
ANofs aS;nfO{{ sslk6leq eg] /flvb}g . ;fdfGotof
ltgLx¿ ljdfgsf] cufl8 jf k5fl8 x'G5, hxfF ljdfgsf]
;+/rgfn] ltgLx¿nfO{{ b'3{6gfsf] cj:yfdf ;a}eGbf /fd|f]
;'/Iff ub{5 . ANofs aS; 6fO6]lgod wft'af6 ag]sf] x'G5 .
o;n] lagf lah'nL #) lbg;Dd sfd ug{ ;S5 . o;n]
!!))) l8u|L ;]lN;o;sf] tfkqmd ;xg ;S5 . kfgLleq
8'Abf klg o;df vf;} c;/ x'Fb}g\ . ANofs aS;df /]s8{
ePsf] cfjfhnfO{{ cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] 6f9faf6 klg klxrfg
ug{ ;S5g\\ . ANofs aS;n] ljdfg b'36{ gfsf] :ki6 tl:j/
k|ltlalDat ub}{g t/ ljdfg b'3{6gfsf] cg';Gwfgdf o;n]
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]N5 .
hxfh b'36{ gf x'bF f Ps hgfsf] Hofg Pe/]i6 Po/sf] hxfh ;g\ !((@
uPsf] lyof] . df b'36{ gf x'bF f !* hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf
;g\ !(&) df g} /f]on nfO{6sf] lyP . g]kfn Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh ;g\
hxfh hf]d;f]ddf b'36{ gf ePsf] lyof] . !((% df b'36{ gf x'bF f b'O{ hgfsf] d[To'
b'36{ gfdf Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . ePsf] lyof] .
o;sf] b'O{ jif{kl5 /f]on nfO{6 w'lnv]ndf s0ff{nL Po/sf] hxfh ;g\ !((&
b'36{ gf ePsf] lyof] . b'36{ gf x'bF f #! df b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] . b'36{ gf x'bF f
hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP . Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . lnafgL
hxfh ;g\ !((* df g]kfndf b'36{ gfdf
k/]sf] lyof] . ;f] b'36{ gfdf !* hgfsf]
d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
Pl;og Po/sf] hxfh ;g\ !((*
df b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] . ;f]nv ' D' a'df
ePsf] pQm b'36{ gfdf tLg hgfn] Hofg
u'dfPsf lyP . ;f]xL jif{ g]kfn
Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh ;f]nd' f b'36{ gf x'bF f
Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
g]sf]g Po/sf] hxfh ;g\ !(((
df h'Dnfdf b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] .
b'36{ gfdf kfFr hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf
lyP . ;f] x L jif{ dsjfgk' / df
:sfOnfO{gsf] ljdfg b'36{ gf x'bF f !)
hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfn Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh ;g\
@))) df 88]Nw'/fdf b'36{ gf ePsf]
lyof] . ;f] b'36{ gfdf @% hgfn] Hofg
u' d fPsf lyP . lkm:6] n Po/sf]
x]lnsK6/ ;g\ @))! df /f/f tfndf
v:bf rf/ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
o:t}, :sfOnfO{gsf] hxfh ;g\
@))@ df ;'vt{] df b'36{ gf ePsf]
lyof] . b'36{ gfdf rf/ hgfsf] d[To'
ePsf] lyof] . ;f+uL| nf Po/sf] hxfh
;g\ @))@ df b'36{ gf ePsf] lyof] .
sf:sLdf ePsf] pQm b'36{ gfdf !*
hgfsf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] .
olt Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh ;g\
@))$ df nDh'ªdf b'36{ gf ePsf]
lyof] . ;f] 36gfdf # hgfn] Hofg
u'dfPsf lyP . Po/ 8fOg]l:6sf] hxfh
;g\ @))% df b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] .
b'36{ gfdf tLg hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
olt Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh ;g\
@))^ df b'36{ gf ePsf] lyof] . h'Dnfdf
ePsf] pQm b'36{ gfdf ( hgfn] Hofg
u' d fPsf lyP . ;f] x L jif{ otL
Po/nfOgsf] csf]{ hxfh n'Snfdf
b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] . ;f] b'36{ gfdf
!( hgfsf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] .
clUg Po/sf] hxfh ;g\ @)!)
df b'36{ gf ePsf] lyof] . dsjfgk'/df
ePsf] b'36{ gfdf !$ hgfsf] d[To'
ePsf] lyof] .
tf/f Po/sf] hxfh ;g\ @)!! df
cf]vn9'u+ fdf b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] .
pQm b'36{ gfdf k/L @@ hgfn] Hofg
u'dfPsf lyP . ;f]xL jif{ a'4 Po/sf]
hxfh nlntk'/df b'36{ gf ePsf] lyof] .
b'36{ gfdf !( hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
cUgL Po/sf] hxfh ;g\ @)!@
df hf]d;f]ddf b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] .
b'36{ gfdf !% hgfsf] Hofg uPsf]
lyof] . ;f]xL jif{ ;Ltf Po/sf] hxfh
sf7df8f}dF f b'36{ gf x'bF f !( hgfn]
Hofg u'dfPsf lyP .
g]kfn Po/nfOG;sf] hxfh ;g\
@)!$ df c3f{vfFrLdf b'36{ gfdf k/]sf]
lyof] . b'36{ gfdf !* hgfsf] d[To'
ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!% cd]l/sL
;]gfsf] x]lnsK6/ b'3{6gfdf k/]sf]
lyof] . e"sDkkl5sf] /fxt tyf p2f/
sfo{df vl6Fbf x]lnsK6/ b'36{ gf ePsf]
lyof] . ;f] b'36{ gfdf !# hgfsf] d[To'
ePsf] lyof] .
;g\ @)!% df g]kfndf csf]{
x]lnsK6/ b'36{ gf ePsf] lyof] . pQm
b'36{ gfdf rf/ hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf
lyP . tf/f Po/sf] hxfh ;g\ @)!^ df
b'36{ gf x'bF f @# hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
o'P;–afË\nf Po/nfO{G;sf] hxfh
lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf ;g\
@)!* df b'36{ gf x'bF f %! hgfsf] Hofg
uPsf] lyof] . ;f]xL jif{ clN6Ro'8
Po/sf] x]lnsK6/ g'jfsf]6df b'36{ gf
ePsf] lyof] . x]lnsK6/ b'36{ gfdf ^
hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!*
df g} dsfn' Po/sf] hxfh l;ldsf]6df
b'36{ gf ePsf] lyof] . b'36{ gfdf k/L
b'O{ hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP .
Po/ 8fOg]:6Lsf] x]lnsK6/ ;g\
@)!( df tfKn]h'ªsf] l;:g]eL/df
b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] lyof] . b'36{ gfdf &
hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL jif{ ;ld6
Po/sf] hxfh n'Snf ljdfg:yndf b'36{ gf
x'bF f tLg hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
5
x]lnsf]K6/df b'O{ kfOn6 clgjfo{ Û
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0f -Sofg_ n] Pp6f OlGhg
ePsf] x]lnsf]K6/df klg b'O{ kfOn6 clgjfo{ ug]{ tof/L u/]sf] 5 . Pp6f dfq}
OlGhg ePsf] x]lnsf]K6/df b'O{ kfOn6 clgjfo{ ug]{ tof/L ePsf] / o;sf
nflu k|:tfj tof/ kf/]/ ;ft lbgleq k]; ug]{ u/L kfFr ;b:oLo k|fljlws
6f]nL u7g ul/Psf] g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fsf dxflgb]z { s Ol~hlgo/
k|bLks'df/ clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . kfOn6 a]xf]; x'g] tyf c? :jf:Yo
;d:ofsf sf/0f x'g;Sg] b'36{ gfnfO{{ dWogh/ u/]/ b'O{ kfOn6sf] Joj:yf
clgjf{o ug{ nfluPsf] pgn] atfP . clxn] g]kfndf b'Oj{ 6f OlGhg ePsf
x]lnsf]K6/ / xjfO{hxfhdf dfq} b'O{ kfOn6 clgjfo{ x'gk' g]{ Joj:yf 5 .
o;}aLr, g]kfn jfo';]jf ;~rfns ;‹n] Ps dfq} OlGhg ePsf]
x]lnsf]K6/df b'O{ kfOn6 /fVg'kg]{ g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fsf] lg0f{o
sfof{Gjog ug{ c;Dej /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . k|flws/0fn] Pp6f OlGhg
ePsf] x]lnsf]K6/df klg b'O{ kfOn6 clgjfo{ ug]{ tof/L ul//x]sf] a]nf
;‹n] Jofj;flos p8fgdf pQm sbd pko'Qm gx'g] wf/0ff cufl8 ;f/]sf]
xf] . x]lnsf]K6/df b'O{ kfOn6 /fVg]af/] gful/s p•og k|flws/0fn] kfFr
;b:oLo k|fljlws 6f]nL u7g u/]/ cWoog ul//x]sf] 5 . Ps OlGhg ePsf]
x]lnsf]K6/df b'O{ kfOn6 /fVbf tnadf w]/} /sd vr{ ug{'kg]{ ePsfn]
sDkgL w/fzoL x'g] g]kfn jfo' ;]jf ;~rfns ;‹sf cWoIf SofK6]g /fd]Zj/
yfkf atfpF5g\\ . gf} l;6 IfdtfeGbf dflysf x]lnsf]K6/df b'O{ kfOn6 /fVg
;d:of g/x] klg ;a} x]lnsf]K6/df b'O{ kfOn6 /fVbf hgzlQmsf] ;d]t
cefj x'g] pgsf] egfO 5 . xfn g]kfndf ;~rfng eO/x]sf !! x]lnsf]K6/
sDkgLsf Pp6f dfq} OlGhg ePsf #! tyf b'O{ OlGhg ePsf kfFr x]lnsf]K6/n]
Joj;flos p8fg eb}{ cfPsf 5g\\ . bz ljb]zL / @^ g]kfnL kfOn6n] Ps
OlGhg ePsf x]lnsf]K6/ p8fpFb} cfPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
l6\j6/åf/f gof“ lkmr/ ‘;s{n’sf] k/LIf0f
sf7df8f}F . l6\j6/n] gofF lkmr/ …;s{nÚ sf] k/LIf0f ul//x]sf] 5 . l6\j6/
;s{n lkmr/ cfPkl5 k|of]ustf{n] cfˆgf] l6\j6 s–s;nfO{{ b]vfpg rfxG5g\,\
Tof] cfkm}F lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5g\\ . of] OG:6fu|fdsf] Snf]h k|mG] 8 lkmr/h:t} x'g5
] .
jf:tjdf l6\j6/sf] of] lkmr/n] k|of]ustf{nfO{{ ;d"x jf ;s{n agfpgsf nflu
;'ljwf lbg]5 . tf ls k|of]ustf{sf] l6\j6 p;n] agfPsf] ;d"xdf dfq b]lvg]5 .
of] lkmr/ tTsfnsf nflu ;a} k|of]ustf{ eg] NofOg] 5}g . l6\j6/sf] of]
lkmr/ cfO{cf]P; / PG8«fO] 8 b'j} k|of]ustf{sf nflu x'g5 ] .
l6\j6/sf] k/LIf0fsf cg';f/ ;s{n lkmr/ NofPkl5 o;df clwstd
!%) hgfnfO{{ yKg ;lsg]5 . l6\j6/sf] of] lkmr/ OG:6fu|fdsf] Snf]h
k|mG] 8\; lkmr/;Fu ldNbf]hN' bf] 5 . ;/n zAbdf eGg'kbf{ k|of]ustf{n] cfˆgf
s]xL ljlzi6 l6\j6x?sf nflu kmnf]c/x? ;]6 ug{ ;Ifd x''g]5g\\ . To;kl5
k|of]ustf{sf] l6\j6x? pgLx?n] b]Vg]5g\\ . l6\j6/sf] of] lkmr/ qmdzM ;a}
k|of]ustf{sf nflu hf/L x'Fb}5 . of] lkmr/sf] d'Vo ljz]iftf eg]sf] ;s{ndf
;+nUg JolQmn] dfq l6\j6sf] hafkm lbg, nfO{s ug{ jf l/l6\j6 ug{ ;Ifd
x'g5 ] g\\ . of] lkmr/ k|of]u ug{ ;a}eGbf klxn] cfˆgf] l6\j6/ vftfdf nuOg k5{ .
To;kl5 k|fk] mfOn ;]S;gdf hfg'k5{ / sDkf]h l6\j6 cK;gdf lSns ug{k' 5{ .
To;kl5 k|of]ustf{n] cl8PG; a6g b]Vg]5g\\ . h;df lSns u/]kl5 k|of]ustf{n]
Go' ;s{n cK;g x'g5 ] . o;df lSns u/]/ k|of]ustf{n] ;s{n agfpg / ;fyLx?
yKg ;Sg]5g\\ . k|of]ustf{n] ;s{nnfO{{ Pl86 klg ug{ ;Sg]5g\\ .
cfO{;L6L a; tof/
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f k|lti7fg -gf:6_ n] b]zdf ljBdfg
k|ljlwsf] kx'r F df ePsf] cGt/nfO{ d]6fpg] p2]Zo;lxt ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/
k|ljlw -cfO{;L6L_ a; tof/ ePsf] 5 . of] a; k|ljlwo'Qm a; xf] . o;df jfO{–
kmfO{, Nofk6k, k|fh] S] 6/b]lv lnP/ Pp6f cfO{6L Nofadf cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ pks/0fx¿
pknAw 5g\ . blIf0f sf]l/ofnL ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf OGkm/d];g PS;]; ;]G6/cGtu{t
cfO{;L6L df]afOn Nofaf]/6] f]/Lsf] ?kdf gf:6n] of] a; tof/ kf/]sf] xf] . xfn of]
a;sf] lgdf{0f / k/LIf0f ;s]/ klg o;sf] ;fj{hlgs ;~rfngsf] nflu k|bz ]
tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿nfO{ k|:tfj /fv]sf] gf:6sf k|ljlw ;+sfo k|dv ' /ljGb|
9sfnn] atfP . …clxn] xfdL ljleGg tflndx¿df o;sf] 8]df]G:6«; ] g -k|bz{g_
ul//x]sf 5f}+ . Sofg OGkmf]6s ] df klg xfdLn] o;sf] k|bz{g u/]sf lyof},+ Ú pgn]
eg], …ca k"js { f s]xL lhNnf / u08sL k|bz ] sf s]xL lhNnfdf k|fljlws tflnd
lbg k|of]u ug{ nfg] tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 .Ú
o;sf ;fy} s]xL k|bz ] / :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu of] a;sf] k|of]uaf/] k|:tfj
u/]sf] pgn] atfP . b'ud{ 7fpFdf k|ljlwsf] kx'r F df gk'us] f dfG5]x¿nfO{ of]
a;dfkm{t k|ljlwsf] af/]df 1fg lbP/ pgLx¿nfO{ k|ljlw cfˆgf] clwsf/ xf] eGg]
dx;'; u/fpg of] a; k|of]u ul/g] pgn] atfP . of];uF } ljBfnox¿, hxfF
ljBfyL{n] k|ljlw k9]sf t x'G5g\, t/ k|of]u u/]sf x'bF g} g\ To:t ljBfyL{nfO{ klg
cfO{6L Nofasf] dxQ\j a'emfpg] p2]Zo ;lxt o;sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] pgn]
atfP . …k|ljlwsf] kx'r F gk'us ] f] 7fpFdf / ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|ljlw ;DalGw 1fg /
l;k l;sfpgsf] nflu of] a;nfO{ ;DalGwt 7fpFdf g} nu]/ tflnd lbOg]5,Ú
pgn] eg], …o;sf] d"Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] dflg;x¿df k|ljlw ;DalGw ;r]tgf
km}nfP/ k|ljlwdf ?lr a9fpg' xf] .Ú
k|ljlwsf] kx'r F df ePsf] cGt/nfO{ x6fpg] sfo{ gf:6 PSn}n] ug{ g;Sg]
atfpb} o;df ;/sf/ :tl/o kxn x'gd] f 9sfnn] hf]8 u/] . @% eGbf a9L
;xefuL a;]/ k|lzIf0f lng ;lsg] of] a; tof/ ug{sf] nflu sl/a ! s/f]8b]lv
8]9 s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Ddsf] nfut nfUg] pgsf] egfO 5 . :yfgLo txn] rfx]sf]
v08df cfˆgf] If]qdf k|ljlw;DaGwL tflndsf nflu of] a; k|of]u ug{ cyjf
cfkm}n+ ] o:tf] a;sf] lgdf{0f u/]/ ;~rfng ug{;Sg] pgn] atfP . o; ljifodf
clxn] g} s'g} :yfgLo lgsfo;Fu s'g} 7f]; ;Demf}tf eg] eOg;s]sf] pgn] atfP .
 6 @)&( ;fn h]7 @@ ut] cfOtaf/
hftLo lje]bsf kL8fx¿
d o:t} !#–!$ jif{sL lyPF xf]nf,
& sIffdf k9\y]F . xfd|f] 3/df 7"nf]
dfG5] eg]sf] a'af x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF
hgsk'/lt/ a:g yfn]sf] (–!) jif{
eO;s]sf] lyof] . slxn]sxLF Ps–b'O{
lbgsf nflu 3/df cfpg] km]l/ pt}
zf]ef b'nfn
kms{g] . ToxfF Pp6f ;fgf] k;n lyof]
h;sf nflu pxfF ToxL a:g'x'GYof] .
pxfFn] s]slt sdfpg'xG' Yof] xfdLnfO{{
s]xL yfxf x'Fb}gYof] . pxfF k|foM k};f
gePsf] s'/f ug'{x'GYof] . k};f ePsf]
s'/f u/]sf] slxNo} yfxf ePg . ha
dfOnL lbbL hfgsLsf] lax] eof], 3/sf]
7"nf] dfG5] eGg' ;flxFnL lbbL lzjdfof
eOg\\ . pgL dh:t} cGhfg . xfdL
Pp6} sIffdf k9\Yof}F . To;}n] pgL /
d lbbL–alxgLh:tf eGbf klg ;fyL–
;fyLh:tf lyof}F . xfdL b'je } Gbf ;fgf]
efO lyof] . pm To;a] n f
cleefjslagfsf] cNnf/]] s]6f] lyof] .
;fob p;sf /x/x¿, ;fyL–;ª\uftL
cg]s vfnsf lyP xf]nfg\ . To;sf
nflu rflxg] vr{sf] ;xh ;|f]t eg]
p;nfO{{ s;n] h'6fOb]cf];\ < To;}n]
pm ljBfno k9\g hfg 3/b]lv lxF8]
klg ljBfno hfFb}gYof] . cfaf/f,
ljBfno egf{ gePsf s]6fx¿sf]
;ª\ut u/]/ slxn] hf]uLsf] s'6Llt/
uP/ ufFhf vfg l;s]/ a:Yof] . slxn]
h'jftf;sf] vfndf uP/ c¿n] v]ns ] f]
x]g]{ u/]/ lbg s6fP/ ;fFem 3/df
cfpg] uYof]{ . To;f] ub}{ hfFbf p;nfO{{
;fob k};fsf] cfjZostf kg{ yfNof]
xf]nf, To;}n] 3/sf] cGg, tf]/L,
e6df;, cem rfdn;d]t a]r]/ pm
cfˆgf nflu vr{ lgsfNg] uYof]{ . Tof]
;dodf d]/f bfh'–efph" klg lyP .
pgLx¿ eg] xfd|f] kfngkf]if0f ug]{
cleef/f lng' k 5{ eg] / efG5f
5' § ØfP/ leGb} ePsf lyP .
pgLx¿sf] / xfd|f] a:g] sf]7fx¿df
k:g] d"n 9f]sf eg] Pp6} lyof] . To;}n]
cfˆgf] sf]7fsf] 9f]sf v'Nn} ePdf
lgsfnf} F eGof] eg] Pscsf{ s f]
cGgkftx¿ lgsfNg ;lsGYof] .
Psb'O{k6s xfd|f] sf]7fdf ;'sfPsf]
e6df; x/fof] . s;n] nUof] eGg] vf;
cfFv}n] gb]v] klg Tof] ;xh} cg'dfg
ug{ ;lsGYof] . t/ eGof] eg] ljjfb
dfq a9\g ;Sg] ;Defjgf lyof] .
To;}n] a? cfˆgf] y}nLsf] d'v /fd|/L
aGb ug]{, c¿nfO{{ rf]/bf]if gnufpg]
gLlt xfdLn] lnof}F . 9f]sfdf tfNrf
nufP/ dfq lxF8\g] ul/of] . ToxLFaf6
xfdL;Fu ePsf] k};f klg lems]/
n}hfg], k};f gkfP cGgkft a]r/] k};f
agfO{ vr{ ug{ efO klg kNs]sf]
/x]5 . pm / xfdL p:t}p:t} ePsfn]
p;nfO{{ xfdL s'6\g ;Sb}gYof}F . pm
8' n L8' n L vfPsf] sfG5f] 5f] / f] ,
nf8Kof/df x's]{a9]sf], s':tL v]Ng
yfn]df xfdLnfO{{ k5flb{GYof] . xfdL
p;nfO{{ k"/} an nufP/ d"Vof{OFk"j{s
xfGg klg ;Sb}gYof}F . dfof nfUYof] .
pm eg] cGwfw'Gb hxfF h]n] klg
xfGYof] . To;}n] pm;Fu emu8f ug{
;Dej lyPg . To;}n] xfdLn] /fv]sf]
7fpFaf6 k};f lgsfNof] eg], x]/ afa'
Tof] k};f o:tf] cfsl:ds vr{,
kmnfgfsf] k;nsf] pwf/f] ltg{ jf
cf}ifwL lsGg /fv]sf] a? cfwf tF
/fv\, cfwf dfq eP klg n] eg]/
kmsfpg'sf] s'g} ljsNk lyPg . hlt
b'Mv b]vfP klg, hlt kmsfP klg
…d}n] b]vs
] } 5}g, d}n] lnPs} 5}gÚ eg]/
To;/L lgsfn]sf] k};f p;n] xfdLnfO{{
slxNo} slt klg lkmtf{ u/]g . xfdL
lbgel/ ljBfno k9\g hfg'kg]{ 3/vr{,
ljBfno vr{sf nflu Hofnfbf/L
ug'{kg]{ . clncln v]tLkftL, kd{
cfkm}Fn] ug'{kg]{, hlt cfpF5 To;}n]
6fg'÷
{ k'¥ofpg'kg],{ otf 3/df 9f]sf
v'Nn} b]Vof] ls 5'l§P/ a;]sfn] klg
lems]/ 36fOlbg], ptf p;n] vr{sf
nflu 36fOlbg] ePkl5 kg'{ lk/ kg{
yfn]sf] lyof] . /ftdf klg s] ug]{
xf]nf < eg]/ lgb|f gnfUg], ?g dg
nfUg] x'g yfn]sf] lyof] . oxL aLrdf
Ps lbg efOn] sf]7fsf] tfNrf ;fFrf]
g} lnP/ efUof] . cfk"mnfO{{ ljBfno
hfg l9nf eO;Sof], pm cfk"m ljBfno
ghfg], xfdLnfO{{ klg sf]7fdf tfNrf
nufP/ hfg glbg] . xfdL ljBfno
uPkl5 3/leq s]s] 5g\\ < vf]h]/
kfP k};f vf]Hg], gkfP vfBfGg eP
klg a]r/] k};f agfpg] p;sf] bfp Û
ca s] ug]{ < rfaL n], a? tF klg
lxF8\ k9\g eGbf k6Ss} gdfg]/ pm
emg\ k/k/ efUof] . p;n] cfˆgf]
;xhtfsf nflu To;f] ul//x]sf] lyof] .
xfd|f] afWotf, ljjztf, b'Mv eg] pm
x]g}{ rfxFb}gYof] . p;nfO{{ dtna}
lyPg . To;}n] ca p;s} xftdf
tfNrf, ;fFrf] /x]kl5 laxfg–a]n'sL
Hofnfdhb'/L u/]/ NofPsf] s]xL vfg]
cGg klg afFsL g/xg] eof] . s:tf]
3/df hGdg k'luP5 < g cfdf
:j:y, g a'afn] lhDd]jf/L axg ug],{
g bfh'n] To;df s]xL ;xof]u ug],{ g
efOn] yk b'Mv lbg 5f]8\g] . o:tf]
cj:yfdf klg s] hLjg lhpg' < b'Mv
u/]/ cfˆgf] vr{, cfˆgf] afFRg] pkfo
cfkm} F ubf{ ; d] t cfˆgfaf6}
afwfc8\rgsf kxf8x¿ lg/Gt/–
lg/Gt/ 7l8O/xg] . ca t of] kxf8
eTsfOof] eGof] , ToxfF ; Dd 5' g
;Sbfg;Sb} csf]{ Tof]eGbf 7"nf] kxf8
7l8O;s]sf] x'GYof] . s;/L dfq of]
hLjg ;fy{s agfP/ afFRg] xf]nf eg]/
;fx|} /f]PF . Psl5g\ 8fFsf] 5f]8/] /f]PF .
w]/} a]/ lwt d?Gh]n ?g km';{b
lyPg . 38Ln] kf}g] !) ahfO;s]sf]
lyof] . !) ah] ljBfno k'lu;Sg'kg]{
lyof] . dfG5] ePkl5 x/]s ;d:of;Fu
h'Wg] cfF6 t ug'k{ 5{ eGg] emNofF:;
lrlgofF lrqsyfsf] ;Demgf cfof] .
dfG5]nfO{{ cfF;'n] sdhf]/ agfd5 .
lxDdt, ;fx;, cfF6n] c;DejeGbf
c;Dej sfd;d]t ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]
Tof] syfsf] ;f/ lyof] . Tof]
;Demgf;fy ddf ;fx; el/P/ cfof] .
To;kl5 ca cfk"mnfO{{ /f]P/ slxNo}
sdhf]/ gagfpg], xfF;/] } ;fx;sf ;fy
h:tf];s ' } ;d:ofnfO{{ a'l4ljj]s, an
h]h] k|of]u u/]/ x'G5, 86]/ ;fdgf
u5' { eGg] ;ª\ s Nk ub} { p7] /
ljBfnolt/ uPF . ha ljBfno glhs}
k'u]F . cl3Nnf] lbg s]xL cfjf/f
s]6fx¿n] dlt/ nlIft u/]/ o;n]
k9]/ s] u/f}n F f eg]/ k9\g cfPsL
xf]nL eg]sf lyP . d}n] klg …c¿n]
k9]/ s] u/]sf 5g\\ < / d}n] s]xL
gu/] c¿nfO{{ lsg 6fpsf] b'V5 xf]nf
x}Ú eg]sL lyPF . To;sf] abnfsf nflu
Tof] lbg pgLx¿ rf/hgf d]/f] af6f]
9's]/ a;]sf /x]5g\\ . k'Ugf;fy d]/f]
af6f] 5]s]/ dnfO{{ s'6\g cfP, ufnL
u/] . d cfˆg} 3/sf ;d:ofx¿n]
lylNynf] eP/, u?ª\uf] dg lnP/
k9\g ljBfno k'Ug cfF6s
rf/hgf eP/ s] eof] t < ltgLx¿n]
] L lyPF . tL
rf/} d'Ssf lxsf{P klg d Ps d'Ssf
t s;f] lxsf{pg g;s'n F f Û …n, cfcf] Û
ltdLx¿n] dnfO{{ s'6\g cfPsf] < d
klg ltdLx¿nfO{{ s'6\5' . Tolt t
xf]nf lg, ltdLx¿n] dnfO{{ w]/} s'6f}nf,
d yf]/}Ú eg]/ d cl3 ;/]F .
dnfO{{ pgLx¿ …tFnfO{{ ;fsL{sL 5f]/L
eP/ km'lt{ u5]; { \ <Ú eGb} lyP . …h;sL
5f]/L eP klg s] ef] < d}n] ltd|f afpsf]
sdfO vfOlbPsf] 5' / <Ú eGb} cl3
a9]F . ToxfF ev{/} 9nsf nflu 7"nf] vf]N;f]
vlgPsf] lyof] . …tFnfO{{ oxLF k'l/lbG5'Ú,
Pshgfn] eGof] . d}n] …n k'/\ Û ;S5;\ <Ú
eg]/ yk Ps kfOnf cl3 a9]F . …dnfO{{
tF eG5];\ <Ú …dnfO{{ tF eGg]nfO{{ d klg
tF eG5', s] u5{;\ <Ú eg]kl5 ca d
kl5 gx6\g] b]vk] l5 csf]r { flxFn] …cf Û
xf];,\ lxF8Ú\ eg]/ p;nfO{{ xftdf ;dft]/
tfGb} lyof] . Tolt g} v]/ xfd|f
ljBfnosf k|=c= cfOk'u5] g\\ . pgn] lsg
emu8f u/]sf] < s] ef] < cf–cfˆgf]
sIffdf hfpm eg] . To;kl5 d sIffdf
uPF . a]Grdf a;]/ a]:;/L /f]PF . dnfO{{
g} of] ;dfhsf, of] ufpFsf dfG5]x¿
o;/L lsg x]K5g\\ < d}n] k9\bf logsf]
6fpsf] lsg b'V5 < af6f] 9's/] cg]s
k|tf8gf lbP/ ePg, ca t s'6lk6 g}
ug{ tlD;g yfn] . ca d ljBfno–3/
ubf{ s;/L ug]{ xf]nf eGg] lrGtf eof] .
3/sf cfk"meGbf 7"nf af 3/df lyPgg\ .
5'§} eP klg bfO t lyP, t/ gePh:t} .
xfd|f] s]xL jf:tf ub}g{ y] . ca oL d]/f]
k9fOsf] af6f] lxF8s ] f] ;d]t g;xg],
cfqmd0f g} ug{ cfpg]x¿;Fu ar]/ s;/L
ljBfno k9\g' < eGg] 7"nf] k|Zg ;fgf]
x/]s ;fn
afR5Lsf] 3fF6Ldf em'G8\ofOPsf] 7"nf]
306h:t} eP/ em'lG8of] . x'gt d}n] ca
an/fd ltdlN;gf
x6]/ xf]Og 86]/ n8\5' eg]/ ;ª\sNk
ul/;s]sL lyPF . d]/ftkm{af6 o;sf s]xL
la/fd 5}gg\ eg]/ elglbg] dfG5]sf] x/]s ;fn
;d]t sdL lyof] . p;} t pgLx¿ b]Vb}
8/nfUbf, af6f] lxF8\g] s]6Lx¿nfO{{ ef]sfx¿sf vfnL yfndf
gfgfefFtL eGb} lh:SofP/ a:y] .
pgLx¿;Fusf] emu8f ;fgf]ltgf] ;/sf/ C0f k:sG5
r'gf}tLsf] ljifo t xf]Og eGg] /fd|f; ] uF
a'‰g ;lsGYof] . To;sf] sf/0frflxF vf; / cfk"m
xfd| } ;fgf hfltsf elgPsf
5f]/fx¿;d]t vf; w]/h } gfn] k9]sf
;'gsf yfndf ;'gs} rD6fn]
lyPgg\ . ToxLdfly xfdL 5f]/LdfG5]
lyof}F . To;dfly ;fgf hft elgg]sf
cul:t ef]hg u5{ Û
5f]/fx¿ h;n] k9]sf lyP, hf] sIffdf
k|yd x'Gy], xfdL klg pgLx¿sf
5f]/Lr]nLeGbf sdhf]/ lyPgf}F . To;}n] x/]s ;fn
pgLx¿df Ps lsl;dsf] lr8lr8fx6
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eljiodf eO{ cfpg] s'/fsf] af/]df
klxn] cfFsng ug{ ;Sg] cyf{t\
b"/bzL{ x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . sDo'lg:6
clwgdf /fVg'k5{ . s'g} klg ;do /
s'g} klg cj:yfdf sDo'lg:6n] cfˆgf]
JolQmut lxtnfO{ { klxnf] :yfg
lbg'x'Fb}g . p;n] cfˆgf lxtx¿nfO{{
/fi6« / hgtfsf lxtx¿sf] clwgdf
/fVg' k b{ 5 . Pp6f sDo' l g:6n]
n]lggjfbL ;+u7gfTds l;4fGt cyf{t\
hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] l;4fGtnfO{
s8fOsf ;fy kfngf ug]{ x'g'kb{5 .
sDo'lg:6sf] s'g} klg s'/f / sfd
sDo'lg:6 cAan bhf{sf] ;r]t
k|f0fL xf] . sDo'lg:6x¿n] Jojxfl/s
tyf b"/bzL{ x'g'df b[i6fGt k|:t't
ug}k{ 5{ . lsgeg] Jojxfl/s eP dfq
pgLx¿ lbOPsf] sfdnfO{{ k'/f ug{
;S5g\\ / b"/blz{tfn] dfq cl3 nDsg]
lbzfe'Ng'af6 cfk"mnfO{{ hf]ufpg
;S5g\\ . sDo'lg:6x¿ ;w}F ;r]t
cj:yfdf /xg' k 5{ . csf] { s' / f
sDo'lg:6x¿ ;aeGbf atf{ b"/bzL{,
;aeGbf atf{ TofuL, ;aeGbf atf{
k|];;DaGw cyf{t\ of}g ;fF:s[lts
dfldnf / k/:qL kltt eP/
af6f] sf6\bf
;fF:s[lts ljrng d'2fdf sDo'lg:6
kf6L{n] cg'zf;gfTds sf/jfxL u/]sf] h]a|f
jf k/]sf] JolQm klg sDo'lg:6 x'g
;Qm}g . lsgeg] pm hg;d'bfosf qml;ªaf6
aLraf6 lj:yflkt eO;s]sf] x'G5 .
To;}n] sDo'lg:6x¿n] sDo'lg:6 dfq af6f]
g}ltstf, sDo'lg:6 cfbz{,, ;j{xf/f
juL{o Jojxf/ / sDo'lg:6 lrGtg sf6f}+ .
cyf{t\ dfS;{jfbL lrGtg / Jojxf/nfO{{
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
g]skfsf]=====
lbgx?df klg ;xof]uL pBf]u, Jofkf/L,
a'l4hLjL, /fi6«;]js sd{rf/L /
Joj;foLx? ;r]t /xL g]skfsf] gfddf
s;}sf] wDsL cfPdf k'ln; k|zf;g
/ kf6L{ sfo{nodf hfgsf/L u/fpg'xg'
cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 .
To:t} xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] :yflgo
txsf] r'gfj dxFuf] ePsf] eGb}
;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 .
dtu0fgf ;Sbf g;Sb} b}lgs pkef]Uo
j:t' tyf k]6f« l] nod kbfy{df ul/Psf]
d"No j[l4sf] sf/0f hgdfg;df
;/sf/k|ltsf] ljZjf; 6'6s ] f] atfPsf]
5 . ;fy} sfnfahf/L, dxF u L,
e|i6frf/L, xTof, lx+;f, anTsf/ /
Pdl;;L lj?4 g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
;w} + ;+ 3 if{ d f /x] s f] atfpF b }
lj1lKtdfkm{t\ ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f
u/fPsf] 5 .
o; ljifodf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
dsjfgk'/sf ;]qm]6/L jf6/n] hf/L
u/]sf] lj1lKt o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5–
æb]zdf /fhlglts l:y/tfsf] gfddf
dxFuL :yfgLo lgjf{rg @)&( ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . r'gfjsf] dtu0fgf ;Sjf
g;Sb} k]6f« n
] , l8h]n / vfBj:t'x?df
clt dxFuL yf]k/]sf] 36gfn] b]zdf
/fli6«o r'gfjsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt
ePsf] 5 . hgtfnfO{{ ;/sf/ g/x]sf]
dx;'; eO/x]sf] 5 . r'gfjsf] Pp6f
/fli6«o 36\gfn] x/]s kf6L{, gful/s,
;dfhdf Pstf, ljefhg, km'6 /
:jtGq pDd]bjf/;Ddsf /fhgLlts
ljsNksf kfqx? k|z:t} b]vfk/]sf]
5 . sfnfahf/L, dxFuL, e|i6frf/,
xTof, lx+;f, anfTsf/ / Pd;L;Lsf]
lj?4 xfd|f] kf6L{ ;b}j ;+3if{df 5f} .
dsjfgk' / lhNnfdf cfly{ s
lu/f]xx?n] g]skfsf] gfdaf6 ljleGg
7fpFdf Joj;fox?nfO{{ cfly{s rGbfsf]
nflu wDsL lbOPsf] ;"rgf k|fKt
ePsf] 5 . cfly{ s lu/f] x x?sf]
ultljlw g/f]lsP sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf
Nofpg] r]tjfgL lbg rfxG5f} . ;xof]uL
pBf]u, Jofkf/L, a'l4hLlj, /fi6«;]js
sd{rf/L / Joj;foLx? ;r]t /xg
cg'/f]w ub{5f}F . g]skfsf] gfddf
s;}sf] wDsL cfPdf k|x/L k|zf;g /
g]skfsf] sfof{nodf va/ ug{ clkn
ub}{ of] c/fhgLlts lqmofsnfkk|lt
xfd|f] kf6L{ 3f]/ eT;gf{ ub{5f}F .Æ
jfd=====
/x]sfdWo] h;kfsf] pk]Gb| ofbj kIfn]
o;cl3 cfk"m rLgsf] kIfdf /xFb} cfPsf]
e|d lbO/x]sf] lyof] eg] 8f= afa'/fd
e§/fO{ kIfn] OG8f] klZrdfs} jsfnt
u/]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . /fli6«o hgdf]rf{n]
klg kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfk"mnfO{{ rLg lj/f]wL
zlQmsf] Kofbf agfdb} nu]sf] b]lvPsf]
5 . tyflk ;f] df]rf{n] sf]xL s;}nfO{{
;dy{g ug'{ / lj/f]w ug's { f] vf;} cy{
/xFbg} . lsgls /fhdf] pkm{ d;fn eg]sf]
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf cf]/fnf] nfUb}
uPsf] zlQm xf] . h;nfO{{ g]kfnsf]
qmflGtsf/L zlQmn] klg k"0f{t ljZjf;
ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eg] sf+u;]| x?n] klg
k"/} ljZjf; u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf] OG8f] klZrdf kIfn] klg /fhdf]sf]
cl:tTjg} ;dfKt agfO lbg] k|of;
ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . h'g s'/f ut
lgjf{rgdf klg k|s6 ?kn] cufl8 cfPsf]
lyof] . t/ klg /fhdf] g]sf+;uF 6fFl:;P/
/x]sf] 5, cem 6fFl;+b} hfg] kIfdf 5 .
To;}df p;nfO{{ uf}/j e}/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
g]kfnL sf+u;] | sf] g]tT[ jdf at{dfg ;/sf/
agfpg dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf
k'iksdn bfxfnn] ;+of]hgsf/L e"ldsf
lgjf{x u/]bl] vg} bfxfn nufotsf ;f] kf6L{sf
s]xL g]tfx?k|lt rLg cfz+lst ePsf]
b]lvGYof] . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf
bfxfnn] ut @) ut]af6 s]lGb|o ;ldltsf]
a}7s a;]/ Pd;L;Lsf af/]df 5nkmn
ug]{ / kf6L{sf cGo g]tfx?nfO{{ lrQ a'emfpg
g;s] s f] v08df cWoIf kbaf6
/fhLgfdfug]{ elgPsf]df @) ut]af6
a}7sg} ePg . cGo sfo{qmd /fv]/
/xg] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L
cfufdL d+l;/df ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg
u/fpg]af/] 5nkmn z'? e};s]sf] 5 .
ca afd kf6L{x?sf] gfddf gofF u7aGwg
tof/ ug]{ h'g k|of; e}/x]sf] 5, To;sf
k5fl8 :ki6?kdf rLg /x]sf] 5ˆ: . To;}n]
o; k|s/0fdf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf
bfxfnsf] c;nL cg'xf/ aflx/ cfpg]
5 . Pdfn]sf cWoIf s]kL cf]nLn] leqleq}
lrlgofF kIf;Fu cfˆgf] ;DaGw la:tf/
ul//xg' ePsf] 36gfqmdx?n] b]vfPsf
5g\\ . To;}n] pxfFn] ;+;bdf ;/sf/sf]
gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf af/]df k|ltlqmof
lbg] qmddf v'n/] } at{dfg ;/sf/sf] rLg
lj/f]wL / cd]l/sL kIfw/ Aoaxf/sf]
lj/f]w ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . oxL h]7 jf
c;f/sf] klxnf] ;ftfleqdf g]kfndf OG8f]
klZrdf zlQm ;dly{t ;/sf/ 9n]/ gofF
;Gt'lnt cyjf rLgsf] rfxgf cg'?ksf]
gofF ;/sf/ u7g gePsf] v08df g]kfn
o'qm]gsf] af6f]df hfg] /fhgLlts
laZn]ifsx?n] cfFsng u/]sf 5g\\ .
cd]l/sfn] hltg} k|of; u/] klg rLgsf
lj?4 g]kfnL e"ldaf6 s'g} klg ultlalw
ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'us ] f] ljZjsf
kl5Nnf laleGg 36gfqmdx?n] b]vfPsf
5g\\ . p;n] u/]sf] rLg / ef/tnfO{{
laefhg ug],{ ef/t / kfls:tfgnfO{{
ldnfpg], pQ/ sf]l/ofnfO{{ gfsfaGbL
nufP/ ;+s6sf] l;h{gf ug]{ / blIf0f
sf]l/ofnfO{{ cufl8 a9fpg] tyf rLg
j/k/sf /fi6«x?nfO{{ cfˆgf] k|efjdf kf/]/
rLg;Fusf] ;DaGwaf6 cnuynu
ug]n{ ufotsf ;a} k|of;x? c;kmn
e};s]sf 5g\\ . ?;–o'qm]g dfldnfdf xft
nfu]sf] c;kmntf / g]6f]df cfPsf]
laefhgsf] cj:yfnufotn] klg
cd]l/sfnfO{{ cfˆgf] ;fd|fHojfbL gLltdf
gofF 9+un] ;f]Rg afWo agfPsf] 5 . ?;–
o'qm]g o'4sf sf/0f ljZjdf a9\b} uPsf]
cfly{s ;+s6÷dxFuLn] cd]l/sfnfO{{ ;d]t
k|efljt ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{
cd]l/sfd} at{dfg jfO8]g k|zf;gsf
lj?4df cfjfhx? p7\g yfn]sf 5g\\ .
cd]l/sfn] rLgnfO{{ tfOjfg dfldnfsf
cNdNofP/ g]kfnaf6 ltAat k|az ] ug]{
h'g gLlt lnPsf] lyof], Tof] klg c;kmn
e};s]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Ldfgf rLg;Fu
hf]l8Ps} sf/0f o;cl3 klg g]kfnsf]
cl:tTj hf]luPsf] lyof] eg] ca klg
ha;Dd g]kfnsf] ;Ldfgf rLg;Fu
hf]l8P/ /xG5 ta;Dd ef/t / cd]l/sf
t s] ljZjsf] s'g} klg zlQmn] g]kfnsf]
cl:tTjnfO{{ ;dfKt ug{ ;Qm}g . aLr,
aLrdf g]kfnsf] cl:tTjnfO{{ bfpdf
nufP/ s]xL bn, zlQm / AolQmn] Ifl0fs
nfe xfl;n u/] klg cGtt pgLx?sf]
k/fho / lagf; lglZrt 5 . of] ;a}n]
a'em\gk' g]{ s'/f xf] . k|d b]pjfn] cfˆgf] /
cfˆgf] kf6L{sf] cl:tTj hf]ufpgsf nflu
/ cfufdL ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg;Dd ;Qf /
zlQmdf l6ls/xgsf nflu klxnf] t
cf}krfl/s?kd} lg0f{o u/]/ ljjfbf:kb
cd]l/sL of]hgf Pd;L;L g]kfnaf6 lkmtf{
ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ kb{5 eg] ;+ej ePdf
cfˆg} g]tT[ jdf ;a{bnLo / ;a{kIfLo
r'gfjL ;/sf/ u7g ug]÷{ u/fpg] k|of;
ug'k{ b{5 . cGoyf kl5Nnf] ;dodf
g]kfndf b]lvPsf] vf;u/L cGt/f{li6«o
zlQm ;+3if{n] g]kfnL sf+u;] | nfO{{ ;Qf aflx/
k'¥ofpg] / kfFr bnLo u7aGwgdf /x]sf
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nufotsf bnx?nfO{{
gfË]emf/ agfpg] lglZrt 5 .
ebf} = ====
k'¥ofPg ls < eGg] k/]sf] 5 .Ú pgn]
eg], …t/ pxfF -wd]G{ b| / x]dGtk|sfz_n]
Ps 9+un] aa08/ dRrfpg] sfd ug{e' of] .
Tof] ;'ema'emk"0f{ sbd lyPg . Tof]
qmflGtsf/L g]tfn] kl/kSjtf lyPg .
ToxfFleq cfj]u s'07f, c;lxi0f'tf h8\bf
k|i6 b]lvGYof] .Ú cfk"mx?n] wd]G{ b| /
x]dGtk|sfznfO{ ;Demfpg] k|of; u/] klg
;kmn gePsf] dxf;lrj ljKnjn] atfP .
pQm, kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb} g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08n]
k|;u+ sf]6o\ fpb} /fhgLlts / kmf}hL b[li6n]
kf6L{ n fO{ l;Wofpg g;s] k l5
;fd|fHojfbLx? g]skfnfO{ cGt/Wj+z ug{
nflu k/]sf] atfP . pgn] kf6L{ PsLs[t
hgqmflGtdfkm{t\ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
:yfkgf nIodf b[9 eP/ cufl8 a9L
/x]sf] g]kfnsf bnfn k'h F Lkltju{,
;fd|fHojfbL au{, sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngleq
/x]sf blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbLx?nfO{ ;}Xo
gePsf] lhls/ ub} { PsLs[ t
hgqmflGtdfkm{t j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
:yfkgf u/]/} 5f8\g] p¢f]if;d]t u/] .
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf k|jQmf k|sf08n]
kf6L{sf] !#cf}+ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7ssf]
lg0f{o k9]/ ;'gfPsf lyP .
h'g o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5– æxfd|f] hglk|o
kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] cf7f}+ s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] P]ltxfl;s t]xf| +} k"0f{ j}7s
dxf;lrj sd/]8 ljKnjsf] cWoIftfdf
@)@&( h]7 !@ b]lv !& ut] ^ lbg;Dd
pbok'/ lhNnfsf] ;'Gb/ ko{6sLo :yn
/f}tfdfO{ ufpFkflnsf /f}tfdf ;fgbf/ 9+un]
;DkGg eof] . cfhsf] ax'wj'| Lo ljZjsf]
lj:kmf]6s l:ylt, /fli6«o /fhgLltsf]
;+s6, g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng,
P]ltxfl;s gjf}+ dxflwj]zg / PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] pHHjn ;+efjgf, cfly{s,
;fF:s[lts, k|sfzg, gd'gf sfo{nufotsf
ljifodf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox? u¥of] . s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf P] l txfl;s lg0f{ o x?
cfdgful/sx?sf hfgsf/Lsf nflu of]
k|;] lj1lKt hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
!_ /f}tfdfO{sf] ;'Gb/ Pj+ zfGt
j:tLdf ;'gf}nf] ljxfgLsf] zLtn
jftfj/0fdf dxf;lrj sd/]8 ljKnjn]
cf7f}+ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] P]ltxfl;s t]xf| +}
j}7s ;'? u/]kl5 dxfg PsLs[t
hgqmflGt, hgo' 4 / ;j} d' l Qm
cfGbf]ngsf dxfg ;lxbx?k|lt ! ldg]6
df}gwf/0f ul/of] ;fy} dxfg j]kQf
of]4fx?nfO{ :d/0f ub}{ pRr ;Ddfg k|s6
ul/of] . To;}u/L qmflGtdf 3fOt] x'g'
ePsf of]4f sd/]8x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{
:jf:Yo nfesf] sfdgf ul/of] . dxfg
;lxb tyf j]kQf of]4fsf cfb/0fLo
kl/jf/hgk|lt ulx/f] ;+jb] gf k|s6
ul/of] . To;nuQ} ;j} s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
sd/]8x? ;fDojfbL cGt/f{li6«o uLt
ufogdf d'77\ L p7fP/ pT;fxsf ;fy
;xefuL aGg' eof] .
@_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] j}7sdf
dxf;lrj sd/]8 ljKnjn] æPsLs[t
hgqmflGtnfO{ b[9tfk"js { nfu" u/f},+
u'6jfb, k'm6jfbsf lj?4 kf6L{nfO{
Pstfa4 u/f}+ .Æ eGg] /fhg}lts k|:tfj
;fy} æP]ltxfl;s gjf}+ dxflwj]zgnfO{
eJotfk"j{ ;kmn kf/f}+, PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] ljrf/nfO{ ljsf; u/f}+ .Æ
eGg] dxflwj]zgsf] /fhg}lts k|ltj]bg
k]; ug'{ eof] . a}7sn] ;d;fdlos
k|:tfjnfO{ tLg lbg;Ddsf] pRr hgjfbL
5nkmn;lxt Psdtn] kfl/t u¥of] eg]
dxflwj]zgsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ lj:t[t
cWoogsf nflu k|:t't ul/of] .
#_ ljZj /fhgLlt e"df08nLs[t
k'h F LjfbL w|j' Ls/0f Pj+ ;}Go 6s/fjsf
sf/0f lj:kmf]6s cj:yfdf k'us ] f] 5 .
?;, o'qm]g o'4 Pj+ tfOjfg, sf]l/of k|fobLk,
k|zfGt dx;fu/sf] tgfjn] ;+;f/nfO{
lrlGtt agfO/x]sf] 5 . pmhf{ Pj+ b}lgs
pkef]uo j:t'df ;+s6 / cefj / dxFuL
a[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . Psflt/ e"d08nLs[t
k'h
F Ljfb / csf]l{ t/ ljZjsf >lds hgtf
pleg k'us ] f 5g\ . o;n] cu|ufdL Pj+
qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f s]jn ljZj
;fDojfbL qmflGt Pj+ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb–
;fDojfbaf6 dfq x'g ;S5 eGg] yk
k'li6 ePsf] 5 .
$_ g]kfnsf] bnfn kFh " LjfbL ;Qf,
;+;bLo ;/sf/ Pj+ bnfn k|jl[ Q xfjL
ePsf /fhg}lts kf6L{ / g]tfx?sf sf/0f
b]zdfly cd]l/sL–ef/tLo ;fd|fHojfbL
x:tIf]k, cltqmd0f ce"tk"j{ ?kn] a9]sf]
5 . h;sf sf/0f b]z gjcf}klgj]lzs
cj:yfdf k'us ] f] 5 . Pd;L;L nufotsf
c;dfg ;lGw–;Demf}tfx? vf/]h ub}{
b]znfO{ :jfwLg Pj+ hgjfbL agfpgsf
nflu cfd jfdkGyL, b]zeSt, k|ultzLn
nf]stGqjfbL / sDo'lgi6 zlStx?
Pstfa4 Pj+ w'j| Ls[t x'g h?/L ePsf]
lgisif{ a}7saf6 lgsflnof] .
sf/0fn] b]zsf] cy{tGq 6f6\ klN6g]
cj:yflt/ tflgFb} 5 . e|i6frf/ / dxËLn]
>lds hgtfsf] hLjgnfO{ tx;gx; kfb}{
nu]sf] 5 . o;sf] ;dfwfg s]jn sfg"gL,
k|zf;lgs Pj+ ;+;bLo ;'wf/åf/f dfq
;+ej 5}g . clkt' PsLs[t hgqmflGt,
bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;Qfsf] cGTo / j}1flgs
;dfhjfbsf] :yfkgfåf/f dfq ;+ej 5
eGg] lgrf]8 lgsflnof] .
^_ xfd| f ] kf6L{ l eq PsLs[ t
hgqmflGtsf] df}lnstf Pj+ To;sf /0fgLlt
/ sfo{gLltx? ljz]iftM ?kdf :yfgLo
r'gfjnfO{ a'‰g]df ;'bz{g–s~rgx?df
?9LjfbL, h8;" q jfbL, a' h ' { j f
c/fhstfjfbL, km'6jfbL ljrng b]vf
k¥of] . b]z / >lds hgtfsf] g]tT[ j ug]{
kf6L{sf] ;jf]R{ r lgsfodf /fi6«sf] lhDd]jf/L
;DxfNg' kg]{ o:tf] ;+jb] gzLn kl/l:ydf
clt cg'Q/bfoL ljrng b]vf kg'{ lgs}
b'Mvb cj:yf xf] . k/Gt' of] ljrng
s]jn JolQm ljz]ifsf] dfq bf]if geP/
j:t' / r]tgf aLrdf k}bf ePsf]
cj:t'jfbL Pj+ cj}1flgs ljrf/sf]
cleJolQm xf] .
of] ljrng eg] s f] j:t' /
r]tgfaLrdf k}bf ePsf] cj:t'jfbL Pj+
cj}1flgs ljrf/sf] ktg xf] . of] ljrng
cufl8 ;+st] sf ?kdf pgLx?leq nfdf]
;dob]lv cfly{s, ;+u7gfTds, /fhg}lts
ljs[ltx? df}nfpg yfn]sf lyP . oL
ljrngnfO{ Pp6f dfn]dfjfbL, qmflGtsf/L
kf6L{sf] j}1flgs ljrf/, j:t'jfbL
/fhg}lts sfo{qmd, sfo{lbzf, /0fgLlt,
sfo{gLltx?, qmflGtsf/L h'emf?kgf,
Jofks nf]slk|otf, k|ult, hgljZjf;af6
ddf{lxt, cfqmf]lzt Pj+ ljlIfKt aGg
k'us] f ;f/f bnfn k'h F LjfbL, ;fd|fHojfbL,
;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] 3[l0ft xdnfdf ;xefuL
aGb} knfog x'g k'u] . pgLx?n] oltj]nf
ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodx?df PsLs[t
hgqmflGt, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / d'Vo
g]tT[ j lj?4 h;/L ;o k|ltzt em'6f,
e|fds Pj+ ljiffn' k|rf/ rnfO/x]sf 5g\
;f/tM oL PsLs[t hgqmflGt, j}1flgs
;dfhjfbsf lj?4 ;~rfng eO/x]sf
cg]sf}+ if8\oGqs} Pp6f lx:;f x'g\ . k/Gt'
oL qmflGtsf/Lx?sf nflu kfgLsf kmf]sf
dfq x'g t;y{ ljleGg sf/0fn] ;'bz{g–
s~rg ;d"xleq k'us ] f ;a} OdfGbf/
sd/]8x?nfO{ kmsf{pg kxn ug]{ lg0f{o
lnOPsf] 5 .
&_ oxL j}zfv #) ut] ;DkGg
l8k|];g uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] dfgl;s /f]u xf]
o;sf nIf0fx?,
Ø b'MvL / lg/fz x'g,' s'g} s'/fdf rfv / Wofg s]lG›t gx'g,'
Ø lgG›f w]/} nfUg' jf gnfUg', ysfg dx;'; x'g,'
Ø s'g} klg s'/fdf v'zL gx'g,'
Ø hLjg d"NoxLg 7fGg' / eljiok|lt cfzfjfbL gx'g,'
Ø cfTdxTof;Ddsf] ljrf/ cfpg',
o;af6 aRg,
Ø kl/jf/, ;fyLefO{ tyf ;dfhdf 3'nldn x'g,]
Ø lgoldt ?kdf zfl/l/s cEof;, of]u tyf Wofg ug],{
Ø lglZrt ;dodf ;'Tg] / p7\g,]
Ø :j:y / ;Gt'lnt vfgf vfg],
Ø w'dk| fg / dlb/fkfgh:tf s'ntaf6 6f9f /xg],
Ø afa'cfdf tyf cleefjsn] afnaflnsfnfO{ ;do lbg],
Ø s]xL ;d:of b]lvPdf t'?Gt :jf:YosdL{;uF k/fdz{ ug]{
@)&( ;fn h]7 @@ ut] cfOtaf/
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] :yfgLo r'gfjdf kf6L{n]
Pd;L;L Pj+ /fi6«3ft lj/f]wL b]zeSt,
hgjfbL k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg]
/ ;xof]u ug]{ gLlt k|of]u u¥of] . ;f]
gLlt cg'?k st} :jtGq k|ltlglwsf
?kdf uPsf kf6L{sf g]tf, sfo{stf{x?nfO{
/ sxLF glhssf :jtGq pDd]bjf/x?nfO{
kf6L{n] ;xof]u u¥of] . ;dosf] cefj,
dtbftf gfdfjnL gx'g,' s;};uF klg
s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 u7aGwg gu/]/ n8\g,'
k};fsf] ;+;b\jfbLx?n] cTolws k};fsf]
k|of]u ug's{ f sf/0f pDd]bjf/x?sf] ljho
w]/} x'g ;s]g t/ xfd|f] nflu Tof] d'Vo
lyPg . d'Vo kIf r'gfjL sfo{gLltnfO{
;+3if{sf] df]rf{df k|of]u u/]/ hgtfnfO{
/fli6«o :jfwLgtf, Pd;L;Lsf] /fi6«3ftL
rl/q, e|i6frf/ / dxËL lj?4 hghfu/0f
Nofpg], PsLs[t hgqmflGt, j}1flgs
;dfhjfbsf kIfdf hgdt lgdf{0f ug],{
kf6L{{ / hgtfsf aLr ;DaGw lj:tf/
ug'{ d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sfn] ;f] b[li6af6
kf6L{ ;kmn ePsf] ;dLIff ul/Psf] 5 .
oBlk hgtf;Fu ;DaGw agfpg], kf6L{nfO{
;'b9[ ug'{ kg],{ ;+;b\jfbLx?sf k};f k|wfg
ultljlwnfO{ /f]Sg hgr]tgf lgdf{0f ug]d{ f
kf6L{ ;r]t x'g k5{ eGg] u+eL/ lzIffx?
klg Kf|fKt ePsf] dx;'; ul/of] .
*_ kf6L{sf ljrf/, gLlt, sfo{qmdx?
;+Zn]if0f ug]{ hgjfbsf] ;jf]R{ r ynf]]
P]ltxfl;s gjf}+ dxflwj]zg cfpFbf] c;f]h
! b]lv * ut];Dd b]zsf] /fhwfgL
sf7df8f}d+ f eJotfk"js { ;DkGg ug]{ lg0f{o
lnPsf] 5 . /fhg}lts k|ltj]bg ;d[4
ug{sf nflu & ljifosf ljefux?
agfOPsf 5g\ . dxflwj]zg ! ut] v'nf
d~rdf pb\3f6g eO{ @ ut]af6
aGb;qdf k|jz ] ug]{ 5 . dxflwj]zgnfO{
eJotf lbgsf nflu c;f/b] l v
dxflwj]zg cleofg ;~rfng x'g5 ] .
dxflwj]zg cufl8 efb| % ;Dd jf8{ /
kflnsf ;Dd]ng / efb| !% leq lhNnf
;Dd]ng ;DkGg ul/g]5g\ .
(_ e"d08nLs[t ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k
Pj+ bnfnx?df b]vfk/]sf] /fli6«o
cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf sf/0f g]kfnsf]
:jfwLgtf lgs} vt/fdf kl//x]sf] 5 .
csf]l{ t/ e|i6frf/ / dxËLn] hgtfnfO{
afFRg} sl7g aGb} uPsf] 5 . o:tf] a]nf
b]zsf] :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff / hgtfsf] lxtdf
;+3if{ ug'{ kf6L{sf] d"n lhDd]jf/L ePsf]n]
h]7sf] clGtd ;ftfaf6 5 bnLo
u7aGwg;lxt Pd;L;L, e|i6frf/,
g] k fn ;/sf/
dxËLlj?4 ;+oQ' m ;+3if{ ug]{ of]hgf kfl/t
ul/Psf] 5 .
!)_ /fHokIf;Fu # a'bF ] ;xdlt ePsf]
Ps aif{ tLg dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg ;/sf/
;xdltnfO{ kfngf / nfu" ug]d{ f OdfGbf/
b]lvPsf] 5}g . cfh klg em'§f d'2fdf
tLg bh{geGbf a9L -#& hgf_ sd/]8x?
h]ndf aGbL x'gx' G' 5 eg] xfdLdflysf
em'§f d'2fx? vf/]h ul/Psf 5}gg\ . a?
x/]s lbg xfd|f g]tf sfo{stf{x?sf] 3/df
em'§f d'2fsf] k'hL{ 6fF:g], lu/ˆtf/ ug],{
rsf]{ w/f}6L dfu ug]{ / aGbL agfpg]
sfo{ rln/x]sf] 5 . s]xL lbg cufl8
dfq wg'iff lhNnf ;b:o sd/]8
ljxf/LnfnnfO{ k|ltaGwsf] d'2fdf lu/ˆtf/
u/]/ kfFr nfv w/f}6L dfu]/ h]n rnfg
ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{ xfn;Dd jftf{af6
;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ hf]8 lbFb} cfPsf]df
cem} klg aGbL sd/]8x?nfO{ d'Qm gug]{
xf] eg] kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] gLltdf x]/km]/ ub}{
aGbL l/xfO / em'§f d'2f vf/]hLsf nflu
jftf{ / ;8s ;+3if{ b'j} ;+rfng ug]{
lg0f{o lnOPsf] 5 .
!!_ kf6L{sf cflwsfl/s b[li6sf]0fx?
k|:t't ug{ / cfdhgtfdf ;fk]lIft
:ki6tf Nofpg P]ltxfl;s dxflwj]zg
cufj} kf6L{n] cfˆgf d'vkq, dfl;s Pj+
cGo k|sfzgx? ug]{ . tL k|sfzg dfkm{t
/fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf kf6L{sf
cflwsfl/s b[li6sf]0fx? k|:t't ug]{ ;fy}
sd/]8 jL/hËsf] :d[ltu|Gy klg k|sflzt
ug]{ lg0f{o lnOPsf] 5 .
!@_ kf6L{sf] cy{bl[ i6sf]0f cg'?k
cfTdlge{/ cy{pTkfbgsf nflu b]ze} /L
pTkfbg sfo{df ;xefuL aGg] ;fy}
b]ze/L rln/x]sf gd'gf sfo{x?nfO{
;DkGg ug]{ lg0f{o lnOPsf] 5 .
Jf}7ssf] cGTodf dxf;lrj sd/]8n]
jt{dfg ljZj kl/l:ylt, /fli6«o /fhgLlt
Pj+ kf6L{ hLjgnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn]
j:t'jfbL ljZn]if0f ug{ / s]Gb|Ls[t lgisif{
lbg ;kmn ePsf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof] .
a} 7 saf6 kfl/t Pj+ ;+ Z n] l ift
lg0f{ox?sf] /Iff Pj+ sfof{Gjogsf nflu
;a} g]tfx?n] cfkm}n F fO{ klxn] ?kfGt/0f
ub}{ /fi6« kl/jt{gsf] o'lug lhDd]jf/L
k'/f ug{ k"0f{ cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy
;xefuL aGg s]Gb|Lo ;ldltnfO{ lgb]z { g
ub}{ a}7s ;dfkg ug{' eof] . a}7} s
;dfkgkl5 s] G b| L o ;ldltsf
sd/]8x?n] p7]/ Ps;fy uuge]bL
gf/fx? nufP/ ljbf x'g' eof] .Æ

lj1fkg af]8{
Pd;L;L af/]sf] 5nkmnnfO{{ 5Ng
;fd|fHojfbLx? g]skfnfO{ cGt/Wj+z ug{ %_ e"d08nLs[t k'h F Lsf] j]nufd
vf]lhPsf] 5 . a? dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf nflu k/]sf] 7f]sj' f u/]sf 5g\ . k|jQmf k|jz ] , pTkfbg / pkef]usf] c;Gt'ng,
cWoIf bfxfnn] ut;ftf !( ut]sf] Ps k|sf08n] g]skfn] p7fPsf] /fi6«, /fli6«otf cfoft / lgof{tsf] c;Lldt c;Gt'ng,
k|lzIf0fdf cfˆgf] kf6L{ klg ;+;bjfbL g} / hghLljsfsf ;jfnn] kf6L{ hgtfdfem k'hF Ldfly d'77\ Le/ bnfn k'h F Lklt ju{sf]
ePsf] / kfFr bnLo u7aGwg oyfjt :yflkt x'bF } uPkl5 k|ltaGw v]Kg' k/]sf] Psflwsf/, /f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of h:tf
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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