oh ynIT-4 Magnetic Particle Test What is the purpose of stai magnetic particle test s it is calibrated, indardization of 'ystem and explain how ey , AprilMay-19, 8 OR Discuss in detail about the standardizati. rath izat calibration of Magnetic particle test nn" 5) Answer = Apri-t8, Se, a5(b) ticle Test sondardization of Magn Standardization of the system for magnetic particle testis carried out in order to make sure that the equipment fais accessories operate under proper conditions chsh are feceptable and with consistent sensitivity. Hence, Calibration ofthe system is done to detect even the smallest discontinuity with more confidence. During experimentation (or usage), a testpiece with artificial defects is considered and the variables involved in the system are enhanced, to clearly indicate these ei spon a2 Jeson the effect of temperature on mechani Anower # ‘The materials working outside the closed environment are subjected to thermal Toads which are prc sourcés. I properties of materi: oduced from the various 1. Hot Sources The hot sources include hot gases, fire, hot fluids, heat engines and the presence of heat generating source such as boilers, incinerations and engines ete. 2 Cold Sources ” Cold atmospheric temperatures, coil storages, low temperature process fluids, ete. The temperature change effects the mechanical behaviour of materials as well as all the material properties. Following are the various mechanical properties that the effected by temperature changes. 1, Thermoelasticity roperty of material which accounts the thermal effects on the material. Thermoelasticity ‘a constrained solid due to thermal strains. It predicts the stress, strain or deformations ‘ads as well as minute temperature changes. The relative displacement between. ‘and thermostatic deformation and bending are effected by temperature change. properties which depend on temperature decreases withthe increase in temperature, The below figure shows the variation of yield stress and ultimate strength of mild stel with temperature, ac : ‘Thermoelasticity is the elastic pr studies the stress field produced in, produced by measurable thefmal lo; particles, stress and strain of material Generally, all the mechanical5.24 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION [JNTU-KAKINADA] 2. Plasticity, Plastic Deformation and Bending When 2 material is subjected to small stresses or temperature changes, the material will undergo elastic deformation and inal state when the stress is relieved or temperature is reduced to initial value. But, when the material is subjected s or temperature changes, the material will undergo inelastic or plastic deformation. At high temperatures, material with large mobility and rearrangement of atoms. After solidification, new solid bonds are formed. This same d in welding and casting. Ductile, malleable and tough materials sustain large ee deformation, whereas, the will fail before any deformation. 3 a. Fracture of Material brittle mai The material fracture takes place when the stress in the material is increased beyond the a critical point (i.e., ultimate stress or ultimate strain or ultimate deformation energy, Since the ultimate strength (strain or deformation energy) of the material decreases at higher temperature, the material gets fractured at high temperatures. The material may also fail due to creeping instead of sudden fracture.Qi7. Explain the application of NDE in aircraft and aerospace industries. 7 ‘ OR List the NDE applications in aerospace industries. x April-18, Set-1, Q1(f) OR How NDT is used in aerospace industries? Answer : " April/May-17, Set-3, Q7(b) Application of NDE in Aircraft and Aerospace Industries In aircraft and aerospace industries the type of NDE technique are selected based on the features of design and application of components, assembly condition, test environment etc. Different types of NDE techniques selected for detection and evaluation of defects are given in the table below. Purpose or Reason ‘Type of NDE Techniques Employed Detection and evaluation of surface and internal defects Visual inspection, radiographic techniques, magnetic particle test, ultrasonic test, eddy current test, liquid penetrant test, tap » | test (Le., tapping the test specimen with action or hammer), ‘ acoustic emission, laser sherography, IR (infrared) thermogra- phy and holography. Detection of defects, visualization and geometry, material | Digital signal analysis, distortion correction technique, image characteristics and structural integrity enhancement method, intelligent data fusion technique, ete O12 What ie the enla af NINE In aireraft and aarnenara inducteing > =