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TEST CODE 02220010
FORM TP 2010175 ; Signature MAY/JUNE 2010

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
UNIT 2

Paper 01
90 minutes

(J25 MAY 2010 (p.m/T)

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

*

1. This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them.

2. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.

3. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you
are about to answer and decide which choice is best.
4. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having
the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below.

Sample Item

Suspended particulates in water cause x

Sample Answer ^
(A) acidity a
(B) alkalinity @© © ^ 1
(C) salinity
(D) turbidity ~*>

The best answer to this item is "turbidity", so you should shade answer space (D).

5. If you want to change your answer, erase it completely before you fill in your new choice.

6. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. If you
cannot answer an item, go on to the next one. You can come back to that item later. Your score
will be the total number of correct answers.

7. The use of silent electronic calculators is allowed.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Pnnvncrht(Q?OflQParihheanFYfltTiinfltinrK Council (K)
 - 2-
The advantages of no-tillage farming include Environmentally sustainable practices in
all of the following EXCEPT increased agricultural systems do NOT include

(A) crop yield (A) agroforestry

(B) soil erosion (B) chemical pest control
(C) organic matter in the soil (C) contour farming
(D) water-holding capacity of the soil (D) terracing

The use of inorganic fertilizers causes In the practice of sustainable agriculture

environmental problems because they which of the following is an important feature
of ecological integrity?
(A) are quickly leached out of the soil by
rain (A) Farmers produce enough for self-
(B) are slower acting and longer lasting sufficiency.
(C) do not provide the soil with humus (B) Resources are distributed to meet the
(D) have variable composition basic needs of all community
members.
(C) Resources are used in a manner to
Which of the following is NOT associated minimize the loss of nutrients,
with organic farming? energy and biomass.
(D) The yield of the produce justifies the
(A) Biological pest control inputs.
(B) Crop rotation
(C) High-yield polyculture
(D) Soil salinization Which of the following is/are true of
subsistence agriculture?

Which of the following is NOT an effect of I. It is practised in areas of low

the continuous use of fertilizers? population density in rainforest
environments.
(A) Decreased soil mineral content II. It requires low levels of inputs of
(B) Few organisms in the soil agrochemicals to maintain yields.
(C) Poor crumb structure of soil III. It uses mechanized equipment in its
(D) Reduced soil humus content operations.

(A) I only
Which of the following techniques uses (B) I and II only
naturally occurring disease organisms or (C) I and III only
predators to control pests? (D) II and III only

(A) Genetic control

(B) Biological control
(C) Biological magnification
(D) Genetic engineering

rv\
 -3-
9. The type of agriculture practised on a sugar- 12. A pig farmer cqllects spoiled tomatoes and
cane plantation is characterized by uses them to feed his pigs. This sustainable
agricultural practice is known as
I. large-scale production
II. agrochemical usage (A) conservation tillage
III. mechanization (B) contour farming
IV. slash and burn (C) Crop rotation
(D) post-harvest management
(A) I only
(B) I and II only Items 13-15 refer to the results illustrated
(C) I, II and III only in the figure below. The results were obtained
(D) I, II, III and IV by students investigating the components of
a 500 gram sample of soil taken from four
different locations, I, II, III and IV.
10. Which of the following statements is/are
NOT true of organic fertilizers?

I. They are soluble and immediately

available to plants.
II. They are slow acting.
III. They increase the soil microflora.

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) I, II and III

II III IV
11. Consider Statements I and II below and Location
select the BEST of the options that follow.
13. What is the percentage of sand in the soil
sample at Location II?
I. Habitat destruction and inappropriate
use of agrochemicals are among
(A) 10
the many socio-environmental
(B) 20
impacts of agriculture.
(C) 70
(D) 90
II. Genetic selection and hybridization
utilize scientific research to select
14. The difference in the percentage of humus in
and develop high yielding, disease
the soil samples at Locations I and IV is
resistant crops and livestock.
(A) 2
(A) I and II are false. 4
(B)
(B) I and II are true.
(C) 6
(C) I is true but II is false.
(D) 8
(D) I is false but II is true.
15. What is the mass, in grams, of clay in the soil
sample at Location III?

(A) 90
(B) 100
(C) 110
(D) 180
nn nxr r> A /^c
 -4-

16. Which of the following energy sources is 21. A coal deposit that is near the surface is NOT
converted directly to electrical energy by extracted by
photovoltaic cells?
(A) open-pit mining
(A) Biomass (B) strip mining
(B) Sunlight (C) surface mining
(C) Tidal (D) subsurface mining
(D) Wind

22. The production of TWO useful forms of

17. Which of the following is NOT an example energy from the SAME fuel is known as
of a non-renewable energy source?
(A) co-generation
(A) Coal (B) conservation
(B) Fossil fuel (C) energy conversion
(Q Geothermal (D) energy efficiency
(D) Nuclear

23. In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are

18. The type of energy that is transferred from combined. Which of the following are
one object to another as a result of a difference environmental benefits of using this type of
in temperature is fuel cell?

(A) heat
(B) kinetic I. Water is produced as a by-product.
(Q nuclear II. Carbon dioxide is emitted as an end-
(D) potential product.
III. Most air pollution is eliminated.
IV. Global warming is slowed signifi-
19. A type of electricity generating power plant cantly.
which releases radioactive materials under
normal operating conditions is one which is (A) II and III only
based on (B) III and IV only
(C) I, II and IV only
(A) geothermal energy (D) II, III and IV only
(B) hydroelectricity
(C) solar energy
(D) burning coal 24. Which of the following can BEST be
described as a socio-economic impact of
energy extraction, transportation and use?
20. The burning of wood is an example of
(A) Global warming
(A) active solar heating (B) Habitat destruction
(B) passive solar heating (C) Pollution of the environment
(C) indirect use of solar energy (D) Dislocation of communities
(D) direct use of solar energy

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 -5-
Item 25 refers to the figure showing per capita energy consumption in developed and developing
countries in a certain year.

0
consumption (EJ)
Per capita energy

1
OJ
s

(A
P

0
1
h-* K>
0
e o
1
Q
IHI
Countries

25. Which of the following countries are MOST likely to be P, Q, R and S respectively?

P Q R S
(A) Canada United States Mexico India
(B) Canada Mexico India Unites States
(C) United States Mexico Canada India
(D) United States Canada Mexico India

Item 26 refers to the diagram below which

shows a windmill that is used to generate
electricity.

Ill

26. The section labelled 'IF on the diagram

represents the

(A) nacelle
(B) rotor blade
(C) tower
(D) wind direction

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02220010/CAPE2010
 -6-

2 7. Which of the following is NOT an advantage 29. Some of the precautions that are necessary
of building large dams on rivers? for this activity-are

(A) The reservoir is useful for I. use cardboard boxes

recreation and fishing. II. take at least three readings
(B) The reservoir can produce cheap III. read the thermometer at eye level
electricity. IV. take readings within the same time
(C) Migration and spawning of some period
fish are disturbed.
(D) Downstream flooding is reduced. (A) I, II and III only
(B) I, II and IV only
(C) I, III and IV only
Items 28 - 30 refer to the diagrams below (D) II, III and IV only
which illustrate an activity in which students
were investigating the efficiency of two bulbs.
30. A possible limitation of this activity is that

(A) some of the heat will be lost to the

environment
60cm 60 cm (B) the same observer was used for each
reading
SOW 8W (C) the temperature of the room cannot
Thermometer Incandescent Thermometer Fluorescent be controlled
(D) the dimensions of the boxes were the
same
Boxl Box 2

31. Which of the following statements is usually

28. Which of the following is the LIKELY true?
observation that could be made after 3 hours?
(A) Carbon dioxide is a water pollutant.
(A) The temperature of the air in Box 1 (B) Nitrates are air pollutants.
was higher than in Box 2. (C) Nitrogen oxides are air pollutants.
(B) The temperature of the air in Box 2 (D) Ozone is a water pollutant.
was higher than in Box 1.
(C) There was no change in the
temperature of the air in both 32. Which of the following metals is NOT
boxes. considered to be a toxic pollutant?
(D) The increase in the temperature of
the air in both boxes was the same. (A) Cadmium
(B) Lead
(C) Mercury
(D) Potassium

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02220010/CAPE 2010
 -7-
33. Ozone, O3, is an air pollutant that is classified 37. An important precursor of acid rain is
as
(A) carbon monoxide
(A) primary in the troposphere (B) methane
(B) secondary in the troposphere (C) radon
(C) primary in the stratosphere (D) sulphur dioxide
(D) secondary in the stratosphere

3 8. Residents at the foot of a hill and downstream

34. The MOST serious immediate problem of a river have complained of increased soil
associated with sanitary landfills is erosion and increased turbidity of the water
due to the activities of a farmer who cultivates
(A) contamination of ground water the hillsides.
(B) compaction and settling
(C) generation of CH4 gas Which of the following practices would you
(D) release of disease organisms recommend to the farmer to reduce or prevent
these problems?

35. The presence of high levels of faecal I. Conservation tillage

coliform bacteria in a water source indicates II. Contour farming
that the water III. Slash and burn

(A) is safe to drink (A) II only

(B) is safe to swim in (B) III only
(C) has been recently chlorinated at a (C) I and II only
sewage treatment plant (D) I and III only
(D) has been contaminated by untreated
human or animal waste

36. The main environmental effects of ozone

depletion could include all of the following
EXCEPT

(A) lower food-crop production

(B) increased incidence of skin cancer
(C) decreased concentration of CO2 in
the atmosphere
(D) reduction of primary productivity in
the ocean

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02220010/CAPE 2010
 Items 39-40 refer to the graph below which shows the agricultural
yield from a farm which uses inorganic and organic fertilizers.
Study the figure and answer the questions below.

12
10
o
a 8- * Quantity of fertilizer
organic
6-
Quantity of fertilizer
4 inorganic
1-\

Quantity of fertilizer (kg/ha)

39. Based on the graph, which of the following 40. The reasons why farmers should be
deductions CANNOT be made about the encouraged to use organic fertilizers include
nitrate level in the farm runoff?
I. Inorganic fertilizers are leached out
(A) In both instances, the nitrate level of the soil very quickly thereby
increased as the quantity of increasing the need for regular
fertilizer increased. inputs.
(B) The rate of increase in nitrate level II. Organic fertilizers are slow acting and
is lower when inorganic fertilizers long lasting since they release
are used. nutrients only upon decompostion.
(C) The rate of increase in nitrate level III. In the long term, inorganic fertilizers
is greater when inorganic have greater environmental costs.
fertilizers are used.
(D) The nitrate level is consistently (A) I only
greater when inorganic fertilizer is (B) I and II only
used than when organic fertilizer (C) II and III only
is used. (D) I, II and III

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02220010/CAPE2010
 -9-
Items41 -42 refer to the experiment described below.

A group of students carried out an experiment to determine which area of their school had the largest
amount of suspended particulate matter. Three petri dishes were coated with petroleum jelly and
secured at a height of 3 m above the ground in three different areas of the school grounds, described in
the table below.

A fourth dish was coated with petroleum jelly and used as a control.

The state of each petri dish at the end of the experiment is shown below at I, II, III and IV
respectively.

Area Description

Indoor tennis courts Paved court area for tennis and basketball

Playing field Patchy distribution of grass and buttercup, bare areas, tree along
perimeter, close to road

Lawn Well-manicured lawns, one large shade tree, ornamental plants

41. Which dish would MOST likely have been 42. Which dish would MOST likely have been
placed on the lawn? placed on the tennis court?

(A) I (A) I
(B) IT (B) II
(C) III (C) III
(D) rv (D) IV

02220010/C APE 2010 GO ON TO NEXT PAGE

 - 10-

Items 43 - 45 refer to the graph below which 45. What was the rate at which the dissolved
shows how the dissolved oxygen oxygen concentration increased?
concentration in a river varies with time and
the effects after a pollutant was accidentally 6
introduced into the river. (A)
6

8- 7
o g (B)
C
O
W>
£J» 6- 6
2 °' ^-2- (Q
6
u ~ ' 5
o 2
U T3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0 7
(D)
Time (days) 5

43. On which day was the pollutant accidentally

introduced into the river?

(A) 1
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 9

44. How many days did it take for the oxygen

levels to stabilize?

(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORKON THIS TEST.