American Psychological Association (APA )7th

Edition
Basic Guide/Rule for internet source. Refer to the
link for complete guidelines for different sources
(books, newspaper, etc.)
In-text Citations
Two ways to cite:
1.Narrative Citation-the author’s last name is
incorporated into the text and the year in
parenthesis follows it.
2.Parenthetical Citation-the author and year
appears at the end of the sentence, enclosed in
parenthesis.
One author:
Narrative citation:
According to Shaver (2021), …
Shaver (2021) noted that +indirect quote.
Shaver (2021) noted “direct quote less than 40
words”.
If more than 40 words, use block quote.
Example:
Shaver (2021) found the following:
Type the text here. Aligned straight to the
left without indention. Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
Parenthetical citation:
Encode quote, reported speech or summary or
paraphrase (Shaver, 2021).

Two authors:
Wegener and Petty (2020) pointed out that…
Encode quote, reported speech or summary or
paraphrase (Wegener & Petty, 2020).
Three or more authors:
Harris et al. (2020) illustrated that…
Encode quote, reported speech or summary or
paraphrase (Harris et al., 2020).

Group author/organization

Center for Disease and Control Prevention (CDCP,

2019) demonstrated that…
For subsequent citation of the same source, use
the abbreviation only.
CDCP also stated…

Encode quote, reported speech or summary or

paraphrase (Center for Disease and Control
Prevention [CDCP], 2019).

References:

Center for Disease and Control Prevention. (2019).

 Title of the work or article. Source-url/doi

Harris, F. et al. (2020). Title of the work or article.

https://www.source.com

Shaver, J. T. (2021). Title of the work or article.

https://www.source.com

Wegener, B. & Petty, L. (2020). Title of the work.

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-38
---END OF LECTURE/NOTES---
FYI:
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)-found in the
address bar of internet browser
Digital object identifier (DOI)-found below the
title or the header of footer