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SHS

General Chemistry 1
Activity Sheet
Quarter 2- MELC 7
Week 4
Lewis Structure of Molecular
Covalent Compounds

REGION VI - WESTERN VISAYAS

General Chemistry 1
Activity Sheet No. 7: Lewis Structure of Molecular Covalent Compounds
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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Development Team of Activity Sheet

Writer: Meredith L. Galvez
Editor / Reviewer: Imelda R. Mamac, EPS-Science
Layout Artist: Jessie P. Batosin

Division of San Carlos City Management Team:

Anthony H. Liobet,
Julito L. Felicano
Antonio G. Uy
Jessie P. Batosin
Rosadille B. Vierneza
Michael S. Dalipe
Regional Management Team
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma,
Josilyn S. Solana,
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Dr. Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera,
Anita S. Gubalane,
Minda L. Soldevilla,
Daisy L. Lopez,
Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message
Welcome to General Chemistry 1!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of San Carlos City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents, and
responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist
the learners in acquiring lifelong learning skills, knowledge, and attitudes for
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For learning facilitator:

The General Chemistry 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with
minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and the learner. This will be made
available to the learners with the references/links to ease independent learning.

For the learner:

The General Chemistry 1 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

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meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner,
carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer
the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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Name of Learner:___________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: _______________________________Date: _____________________

General Chemistry 1 Learning Activity Sheet No.7

Lewis Structure of Molecular Covalent Compounds

I. Learning Competency and Code

1. Draw Lewis structure of molecular covalent compounds
(STEM_GC11CBIId-g-78)

II. Background Information for Learners

Atoms gain, lose or share electrons to give a stable electron configuration
characterized by 8 valence electrons (The Octet Rule) in forming a compound. Gilbert
Lewis suggested that covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons in atoms.
Sharing of electrons can be illustrated using the Lewis electron-dot symbols.

Take the case of two atoms of hydrogen which share their electrons to form a
hydrogen molecule. Hydrogen is an exception to the octet rule. A hydrogen atom needs
to have two electrons only to become stable. For the hydrogen to become stable, it
needs one more electron. If there are two hydrogen atoms, the bond formation is shown
in (Fig.1)

Figure 1. Covalent Bond formation of hydrogen

The bond formed in the formation of molecules can be represented using the
Lewis structure (Fig.2).

H + H H H
Single bond

Figure 2. Two hydrogen atoms forming a single bond

In the Lewis structure, the bond that is formed by shared electron is represented
by a line or a pair of dots. A single bond is represented by a bar (-) which means that
there is one pair of electrons being shared by the two atoms. When two pairs of
electrons are shared between two atoms, a double bond is formed, and it is
represented by a double bar (=). `

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 Consider sulfur and oxygen which have 6 electrons in their valence shells. They
can both share two electrons each forming a double bond to attain the noble gas
configuration as shown in Figure 3. Some of the valence electrons of sulfur and oxygen
are not bonded. These nonbonding pairs are called lone pairs. Both sulfur and oxygen
have two lone pairs.

Lone pairs

S + O S O or S O
Double bond

Figure 3. Formation of sulfur monoxide molecule

A triple bond is represented with three bars (=). As shown in Figure 4,

nitrogen can form a bond with another nitrogen atom forming a triple bond.

N + N N N or N N
Triple bond

Figure 4. Formation of nitrogen dioxide molecule

How to draw Lewis Structure?

For simple molecules and molecular ions, draw Lewis structures by merely
pairing up the unpaired electrons as shown in Figure 1 and 3. For more complex
molecules and ions, the following procedure can be used:

1. Determine the total number of valence electrons in the molecule (indicated by

the position of the element in the periodic table). For polyatomic ions, subtract
electron for each positive charge and add electron for each negative charge.
2. Arrange the atoms to show specific connection. Draw a skeleton structure.
Arrange the atoms around a central atom. Element which are less
electronegative should be placed in the center. With a single bond, connect each
atom to the central atom.
3. Distribute the remaining electrons as lone pairs around the terminal atoms to
give each atom an octet.
4. Place all remaining electrons on the central atom.
5. To achieve an octet, rearrange the electrons of the terminal atoms to make
multiple bonds (double or triple) with the central atom.

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Try to apply the procedure in determining the Lewis structure for CH₂O and NO+:

1. C: 4 valence electrons/atom x 1 atom = 4

H: 1 valence electron/atom x 2 atoms = 2
O: 6 valence electrons/atom x 1 atom = 6
12 valence electrons
For positive ion, add the number of valence electrons on the atoms in the ion
and subtract the number of positive charges on the ion from the total number
of valence electrons:
N: 5 valence electrons/atom x 1 atom = 5
O: 6 valence electrons/atom x 1 atom = 6
+ -1 electron (positive charge = -1
10 valence electrons
2. Because carbon is less electronegative than oxygen and hydrogen is normally
terminal therefore C is the central atom.

O N O
H C H

Put a bonding pair of electrons between each pair of bonded atoms

O
H C H

Six electrons are shared and six remain unshared.

N O
Note that brackets are placed around the structure, indicating the charge
outside the brackets. Two electrons are used and eight unshared.

3. Place all 6 unshared to oxygen as three lone pairs as shown below.

O
H C H

Oxygen now has an octet and hydrogen has 2 electrons, carbon has only 6
electrons.

N O

All eight unshared electrons are distributed to nitrogen and oxygen as two lone
pairs. Both has only 6 electrons. Neither atom has an octet.

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4. All remaining electrons have been distributed to the terminal atom so there are
no electrons left unshared on the central atom.

5. Carbon has only 6 electrons. To give carbon 8 electrons (octet), share one of the
lone pairs of electrons on oxygen to form a double bond:

O O

H C H H C H
This is the Lewis electron structure of CH₂O. Carbon and oxygen now have an octet
of electrons. O has two lone pairs and two bonding pairs, and C has four bonding
pairs.

N O N O

In the case of O and N, octet is not yet formed thus you need to move another pair to
form a triple bond:

N O

Nitrogen and oxygen now have 8 electrons, hence octet rule is followed.

IV. Activity Proper

Activity 1: How Many Valence Electrons Do I Have?

Directions: Provide the valence electrons of each atom in a molecule. Write them on
your answer sheet.

1. SiH₄
2. SO₃
3. H₂S
4. CH₂Br₂
5. HCN
6. NH₄+
7. PO₄³
8. NO₃
9. CO₃²
10. CHO₂

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Activity 2: What Is My Skeleton Structure?

Directions: Arrange the atoms by creating a skeleton structure of each molecule. Write
them on your answer sheet.SiH₄

1. SO₃
2. H₂S
3. CH₂Br₂
4. HCN
5. NH₄+
6. PO₄³
7. NO₃
8. CO₃²
9. CHO₂

Activity 3: My Lewis Structure Is……

Directions: Based on the activities you have accomplished, draw now the Lewis
structure of each molecule. Draw them on your answer sheet.

1. SiH₄
2. SO₃
3. H₂S
4. CH₂Br₂
5. HCN
6. NH₄+
7. PO₄³
8. NO₃
9. CO₃²
10. CHO₂

Analysis

Based on the activities that you have accomplished in the previous sections,
provide what is asked for.

1. How many bond pairs and lone pairs each molecule have?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Which of the following molecules have a double bond? triple bond?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

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V. Reflection

Complete the statements below.

I understand ______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

I don’t understand ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

I need more information about _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Answer Key:
Activity 1

1. H – 1 valence electron x 4 atoms = 4 6. H – 1 valence electron x 4 atoms = 4

Si – 4 valence electrons x 1 atom = 4 N – 5 valence electrons x 1 atom = 5
8 electrons - 1 electron
8 electrons
2. S – 6 valence electron x 1 atom = 6 7. O – 6 valence electron x 4 atoms = 24
O – 6 valence electrons x 3 atoms = 18 P – 5 valence electrons x 1 atom = 5
24 electrons + 3 electrons
32 electrons
3. S – 6 valence electron x 1 atom = 6 8. O – 6 valence electron x 3 atoms = 18
H – 1 valence electrons x 2 atoms = 2 N – 5 valence electrons x 1 atom = 5
8 electrons + 1 electron
24 electrons
4. C – 4 valence electron x 1 atom = 4 9. O – 6 valence electron x 3 atoms = 18
H - 1 valence electron x 2 atoms = 2 C – 4 valence electrons x 1 atom = 4
Br – 7 valence electrons x 2 atoms = 14 + 2 electrons
20 electrons 24 electrons
5. C – 4 valence electron x 1 atom = 4 10. O – 6 valence electron x 2 atoms = 12
H - 1 valence electron x 1 atom = 1 C – 4 valence electrons x 1 atom = 4
N – 5 valence electrons x 1 atom = 5 H - 1 valence electron x 1 atom = 1
10 electrons + 1 electron
18 electrons

Activity 2
(Note: some skeleton structures may vary)

1. H 6. H

H Si H H N H

H H
2. 7.
O S O O

O O P O

O
3. 8.
H S O N O

H O
4. H 9.
O C O
H C Br
O
Br
5. 10.
H C N H C O

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Activity 3
(Note: some skeleton structures may vary)

1. H 6. H

H Si H H N H

H H

2. 7.
O S O O

O O P O

3. 8. -
H S O N O

H O

4. H 9.

H C Br O C O

Br O

5. 10.
H C N .
H C O

Analysis

QUESTION 1 BOND LONE QUESTION 2

1. SiH₄ 4 0 The molecules with double bond are SO₃, HCN,
2. SO₃ 4 8 NO₃ , CO₃² , and CHO₂ .
3. H₂S 2 2
4. CH₂Br₂ 4 6 The molecule with triple bond is HCN.
5. HCN 4 1
6. NH₄+ 4 0
7. PO₄³ 4 12
8. NO₃ 4 10
9. CO₃² 3 8
10. CHO₂ 4 5

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III. Sources

Ilao, L.et.al. (2016). General Chemistry 1. Rex Bookstore, Inc. Philippines: Manila
De Guzman, D.et.al. (2012). Discover Science: Chemistry. Diwa Learning Systems
Inc. Philippines: Makati City
Writing Lewis Structure for Covalent Compounds. May 21, 2018. Chemistry
Libretexts. Retrieved from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_Marin/CHEM_114%3A_Introductor
y_Chemistry/10%3A_Chemical_Bonding/10.05%3A_Writing_Lewis_Structures_for_C
ovalent_Compounds on December 1, 2020
Covalent Bonding. July 21, 2016. Chemistry Libretexts. Retrieved from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Heartland_Community_College/HCC%3A_Che
m_161/8%3A_Basic_Concepts_of_Bonding/8.3%3A_Covalent_Bonding on December
1, 2020
Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures. BCcampus. Retrieved from
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/chem1114langaracollege/chapter/covalent-
bonds/ on December 1, 2020