Carlos Hilado Memorial State College: Talisay City

CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
OPEN TYPE RICE HULL CARBONIZER WITH ACTIVATED

CARBON FILTER INSTALLED
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to
the Faculty of the Graduate Studies
Carlos Hilado Memorial State College
Talisay City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Arts in Education
Major in Technology and Livelihood Education
By
Aldin K. Arcangel
April 2018

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Background of the Study
The study will remediate to an existing device known as the Open Type
Carbonizer which is use to carbonize rice hull. Carbonized rice hull is use in
organic farming. It is use as organic fertilizer and soil conditioner. As you can
observe organic farming is on its way in addressing the problem caused by
intensive farming system in which all of the farm inputs rely mostly in synthetic
chemicals. Though carbonized rice hull is a natural farm input use in organic
farming, the process in making it is somehow can cause pollution and consider
as threat in our environment because the device open type carbonizer do not
have any filter that can screened the smoke emitted by it.

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
It is on this foregoing premise that this study will be conducted to develop
an open type cabonizer with a filter installed that will enhance the benefit given
of an existing device. The development will also feature durability.

Objectives of the Study
The study generally aims to develop an Open Type Carbonizer with a
Filter Installed.Specifically it aims to:
1. design an open type carbonizer with a filtering device in terms of:
a. durability
b. usability
c. user and environment friendly
2. determine the effectiveness of a developed open type cabonizer in terms of :

a. quantity of smoke emitted
b. presence of harmful chemicals in emitted smoke
c. effectiveness in making Carbonized Rice Hull
3. Develop a manual of operation.

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This study is anchored on Belonio, A.T. “Design and Evaluation of a
Drum-type Rice Hull Carbonizer and the Manually-Operated Molder for BioCoal
Fuel Production and for Agricultural Applications”. February 2003. . The
carbonizer was made of salvaged petrol-drum with opening at the top for
loading of rice hull. The drum is elevated by a support stand to facilitate the
discharge of carbonized rice hull (CRH). Twelve pieces of 2-cm diameter
shafting were distributed centrally in the molder cylinder to create holes on the
briquette necessary for proper combustion. In the filter chimney they use saw
dust to filter and minimize the combustion of the device.
Also, the study is conceptualized from the theory on how gas mask works.
Gas mask used activated charcoal to filter particles, chemicals and gases. In this
study the device to be develop, construct and will be installed by this kind of
filter. It will be tested and will be compared to an existing device so that the
efficiency of the filter will be determined.

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Activated charcoal is good at trapping carbon-based impurities ("organic"
chemicals), as well as things like chlorine. Many other chemicals are not
attracted to carbon at all -- sodium and nitrates, to name a couple -- so they
pass right through. This means that an activated-charcoal filter will remove
certain impurities while ignoring others. It also means that, once all of the
bonding sites are filled, an activated charcoal filter stops working. At that point
you must replace the filter.( https://science.howstuffworks.com/gas-mask2.h
The framework of the study is presented in Figure 2, showing the input,

throughput and the output.
GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
INPUT THROUGHPUT OUTPUT
DESIGN, MATERIALS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT. PROCESS

ode, Stainless plain sheet, Electrode, Hammer, Tin snips, Metal
Designing,
puncher,
Preparing
Weldingofmachine, Acetylene
Open type rice hull carbonizer with activated
tools, materials and
equipment needed,
Measuring and cutting of
materials, construction of
the device, and testing.
Figure 1.
Schematic diagram of the study.
The Input of the study includes the design, tools , materials and equipment
to be use in the study.
The Throughput is the execution of the Designing, Preparing of tools,
materials and equipment needed, Measuring and cutting of materials,
construction of the device, and testing.
And the output of the study is the developed Open Type Rice Hull
Carbonizer with Activated Carbon Filter Installed

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Scope and limitation of the Study

The study sought to design a durable, heat resistant and eco friendly Open
Type Rice Hull Carbonizer with Activated Charcoal Filter. The device is
expected to carbonize rice hull and other materials alike.
The device is not designed to carbonize large materials such as large
sized wood.
Significance of the Study

The development of the Open Type Rice Hull Carbonizer with Activated
Carbon Filter Installed is beneficial to the following:

Agricultural Industry; through this device they can acquire cheap but good
quality organic fertilizer and soil conditioner. The device will be constructed
with high quality material to withstand any rugged condition and situation.
Environment; Since the main purpose of the development of the study is to
develop an Open Type Carbonizer with Activated Carbon Filter Installed

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
that is environment and user friendly, organic agriculture producer will fully
benefit the device and supports their advocacy on a safe agricultural operations.
People of the Locality; In their own simple way locals if they opted to own a
device can produce their own fertilizer and will not rely on commercial
fertilizers in the market. They can make their own food safe in avoiding the use
of synthetic chemical fertilizer; they will also enjoy the wonder of carbonizing of
the device.
Organic Agriculture Students; Producing CRH is one of the activities of an
Organic Agriculture Production students; the developed device will offer them a
lot of stuff. Such that, student will not construct an open type carbonizer
frequently due to low quality materials that cannot withstand heat, corrosion and
rugged conditions; student will become safe in their operations not become
victims of their own actions because the device was made to become an
environment friendly through an installed filter, their health will not be at stake.
GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Definition of Terms
To understand clearly the study, the researcher defined the terms
conceptually and operationally. Below they are arranged alphabetically.
Carbonizer – A device used to carbonize rice hull.
Activated Charcoal - Activated charcoal is a fine black odorless and tasteless
powder made from wood or other materials that have been exposed to very high
temperatures in an airless environment. It is then treated, or activated, to
increase its ability to absorb various substances by reheating with oxidizing gas
or other chemicals to break it into a very fine powder. Activated charcoal is pure
carbon specially processed to make it highly adsorbent of particles and gases in
the body's digestive system.
Carbonized rice hull(CRH) - Carbonized rice hull is made from incomplete
or partial burning of rice hull.(Carbonized Rice Hull) is a very good soil fertilizer
and conditioner as it contains Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca),

Magnesium (Mg), and micronutrients vital to growing crops. It makes the clay
soil porous because of its loose composition and improves soil structure by
increasing bulk density, water holding capacity, and aeration. CRH also harbors
good bacteria and it serves as houses for microorganisms.
(https://www.mnlgrowkits.com/products/carbonized-rice-hull-crh, 2018)
Rice hull - is the hard protecting coverings of grains of rice. In addition to
protecting rice during the growing season, rice hulls can be put to use as
building material, fertilizer, insulation material, or fuel.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_hulls, 2018)
LOCALE OF THE STUDY

The study will takes place at E. B. Magalona National High School. The
device will be fabricated in the mentioned place where the said device will be
demonstrated and will be utilized by the students of the same school. The
devices will be also subject for emission test and it will be haul to the nearest
emission testing centers.

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents a review of conceptual literature which is supported
by studies relevant to this investigation. The review of literature focuses on
development of an Open Type Rice Hull Carbonizer .
Design Improvement of The Philrice Continuous-Type Rice Hull
Carbonizer For Biochar production Towards Sustainable Agriculture
The use of biochar from rice hull (carbonized rice hull) is becoming
popular among Filipino rice farmers particularly those practicing an integrated
system of farming locally called as Palayamanan. Under this system of farming,
carbonized rice hull is widely used as soil conditioner or as main ingredient in
the production of organic fertilizers. Some farmers are also using it as animal
bedding to absorb urine and fresh manure. The saturated biochar are then
incorporated into the soil as organic fertilizer for vegetables and other crops.
With this practice, farmers not only were able to save on fertilizer but also
reduce their carbon footprints thus contributing to the global effort of reducing
the

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. While the PhilRice-developed
continuous-type rice hull carbonizer has been successfully used in the
production of biochar for various uses in the farm, there were some weak points
and operational concerns that were revealed only after its continued use. The
major one is when operating during windy conditions wherein there were
significant dusts and smoke emissions generated which exposed the operator to
health hazards. Hence, the design was further improved. To further enhance the
usefulness of the equipment, design improvements were also geared towards
making it able to process biochar from other agricultural wastes that are
commonly generated in the farm. Moreover, design refinements were also done
on reducing its material and manufacturing requirements in preparation for its
possible commercialization. The resulting improved prototype is flat sided which
make it simpler to fabricate, incurring less material wastage, than the previous
one. The flat sides makes use of 2mm thick metal sheets and their dimensions
(0.8m x 1.2m) were chosen in such a way that no waste cuts are left from the
two sheets (standard size: 1.2m x 2.4m) used. Unlike in the previous prototype
where a side opening was provided to

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
facilitate manual agitation of the rice hull bed, the improved prototype
features a fully enclosed hopper. In terms of the cost of fabrication materials
used the improved prototype costs 28.8% lower than its predecessor. Test runs
conducted showed that the improved prototype can operate under windy
conditions with no significant effect on emission. In most cases (at least 85% of
the time), the prototype operates with clear emission at the chimney. Input
capacity ranged from 20.6 to 36.2 kg/h with biochar recovery of 37.3 to 40.5%
(by volume), depending on the condition of the rice hull and the frequency of
collecting the processed biochar, among other factors. The prototype has been
tested with and found to be able to process other agricultural wastes such as
rice straw, small branches of trees, and coconut husk into biochar. (Hertle,
1990)
A drum-type rice hull carbonizer and a manually-operated briquette molder
were designed and evaluated at the Department of Agricultural

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Engineering, Central Philippine University (CPU), Iloilo City from June
1999 to April 2000. The carbonizer was made of salvaged petrol-drum with
opening at the top for loading of rice hull. The drum is elevated by a support
stand to facilitate the discharge of carbonized rice hull (CRH. Twelve pieces of
2-cm diameter shafting were distributed centrally in the molder cylinder to
create holes on the briquette necessary for proper combustion. Results of the
test showed that the carbonizer can accommodate 22.5 to 33.75 kg of rice hull
per load. Carbonization time ranged from 43 to 65 minutes producing 6.75 to

9.19 kg of CRH per load. The percentage CRH produced per load is 30.7%
producing an average of 16 pieces biocoal fuel. CRH produced from the
carbonizer have a water holding capacity of 3.49 to 3.72 times of the original
weight. Each biocoal fuel weighs about 484. 5 to 531.1 g and has a heating
value of 2,407.7 kcal/kg. The fuel can be ignited within 2 to 5 minutes and
sustain a burning time of 45 to 65 minutes. Results of the study on the effect of
different levels of CRH on the growth of radish revealed no significant
differences in agronomic characteristics and yield of the rootcrop.

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
However, the use of CRH as feed supplement for Cobb broilers showed
that birds fed with commercial feeds mixed with 5% CRH significantly increase
their feed consumption which resulted in an increase in their liveweight gain.
Belonio, A.T.
“ Design and Evaluation of a Drum-type Rice Hull Carbonizer and the Manually-
Operated Molder for BioCoal Fuel Production and for Agricultural Applications”.
Students Fabricate Open Type Rice Hull Carbonizer
Out of ingenuity and resourcefulness, the Grade 10 students of Baluan National
High School (BNHS) in General Santos City fabricated a simple, open-type

carbonizer that farming families can duplicate in their own households.
Agri-crop students Joshua Padilla, Jenny Algarme, Arhon James Patricio, Selwyn
Luayon, 16, and Amie Lym Dedel, 17, shared that their version of the carbonizer
first emerged as a school project after watching a video presentation on the said
technology.“Despite our meager resources, we had to accomplish our school
project and produce a carbonizer that we can use for our school’s rice garden,”
Algarme shared.

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
In making the Baluan open-type carbonizer, these young minds recycled 12
pieces of 370-ml milk cans, a 16-L used can of paint or oil, and scrap metal
sheets. Additionally, they needed P20 worth of rivet fasteners. Here’show they
did it:
1. For the chamber, they removed one of the covers of the 16-L used can of
paint. On the other side, they made a hole with a diameter similar to the milk
cans. Using a knife, they also made holes around the chamber, each measuring
4×4 cm. Padilla said that the length of carbonization depends on the size of the
holes: the smaller the holes, the slower the carbonization process.
2. For the chimney, they removed both covers of all milk cans and flattened
each surface. They slightly compressed one end of each can to ensure that it
can be easily inserted into the other. The connected cans looked like a long
cylinder, open at both ends.
3. Then, they inserted the chimney into the hole of the chamber.
To make the carbonizer sturdy and durable, they added braces using scrap metal
sheets that hold the chimney and the chamber together. Three to four metal
sheets were attached with the use of rivet fasteners.
“In 10 min, we can produce three sacks of carbonized rice hull (CRH) from six
sacks of rice hull,” Algarme explained.
Taught about the use of CRH in their climate-smart agriculture subject, they
used it as soil media in their dapog method of transplanting rice seedlings. They
also applied 0.5 kg of CRH in their 1-ha rice field during land preparation.
They found that lifting rice seedlings from the bed applied with CRH was far
easier. They also observed the absence of golden apple snail ( kuhol). Fredierick
Saludez, PhilRice Text Center agent, said that CRH retains heat from the sun
owing to its natural black color and contains silica that irritates the said rice
pest. (http://www.philrice.gov.ph/baluan-rice-hull-carbonizer/)
Design Improvement Of The Philrice Continuous Type Rice Hull Carbonizer For
Biochar Productiontowards Sustainable Agriculture
The use of biochar from rice hull (carbonized rice hull) is becoming popular
among Filipino rice farmers particularly those practicing an integrated system of

farming locally called as Palayamanan . Under this system of farming,
carbonized rice hull is widely used as soil conditioner or as main ingredient in
the production of organic fertilizers. Some farmers are also using it as animal

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
bedding to absorb urine and fresh manure. The saturated biochar are then
incorporated into the soil as organic fertilizer for vegetables and other crops.
With this practice, farmers not only were able to save on fertilizer but also
reduce their carbon footprints thus contributing to the global effort of reducing
thegreen house gas in the atmosphere. While the PhilRice-developed
continuous-type rice hull carbonizer has been successfully used in the
production of biochar for various uses in the farm, there were some weak points
and operational concerns that were revealed only after its continued use. The
major one is when operating during windy conditions wherein there were
significant dusts and smoke emissions generated which exposed the operator
to health hazards. Hence, the design was further improved. To
further enhance the usefulness of the equipment, design improvements were
also geared towards making it able to process biochar from other agricultural
wastes that are commonly generated in the farm. Moreover, design refinements
were also done on reducing its material and manufacturing requirements in
preparation for its possible commercialization. The resulting improved prototype
is flat sided which make it simpler to fabricate, incurring less material wastage,
than the previous

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
one. The flat sides makes use of 2mm thick metal sheets and their dimensions
(0.8m x 1.2m)were chosen in such a way that no waste cuts are left from the
two sheets (standard size: 1.2m x 2.4m)used. Unlike in the previous prototype
where a side opening was provided to facilitate manual agitation of the rice hull
bed, the improved prototype features a fully enclosed hopper. In terms of the
cost of fabrication materials used the improved prototype costs 28.8% lower
than its predecessor. Test runs conducted showed that the improved prototype
can operate under windy conditions with no significant effect on emission. In
most cases (at least 85% of the time), the prototype operates with clear
emission at the chimney. ( Ricardo F. Orge and John Eric O. Abon Philippine
Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija,
Philippines).

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, the validity and
reliability of the instruments, respondents of the study, statistical treatment in
analyzing data, project development and process flow.
Research Design
In conducting the study, the researcher will use the developmental
research design since this study focused on designing, developing and
fabricating Open Type Rice Hull Carbonizer. The developmental research
according to Ronald Marty (November 2013), is the progress and innovating
existing product of science and technology. It represents the blueprint of the
procedures that will enable the researcher to test the quality of the product and
its acceptability.

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Descriptive method of research will also be use since the researcher will
utilize self made questionnaire in determining the quality of the product that will
be assess by the experts in the field of Agricultural Arts who will recommend
the product to the Organic Agriculture Producers for them to use in making the
Carbonized Rice Hulls.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study will be the 15 (Organic Agriculture
Production Practitioners). The questionnaire will assess the quality of the
product most especially in terms of its performance, durability and functionality.
Data Gathering Instruments
In this study, a self made questionnaire will be use as in instrument in data
gathering. The questionnaire will focused on the durability, usability, user and
environment friendly aspects of the design

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Validity of Instruments
The instrument was subjected to validity test by five (5) experts in
the field and considered authority in the profession.

The criteria developed by Carter V. Good and Douglas Scates
will be use. The jury of experts was composed of renowned validator.
The expected computed mean will be 4 and above for the validity of
the instrument considered as excellent.

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Developmental Process Flow
Collection and preparation of tools, materials and equipment
Designing And Lay Out Of The Project

Measuring Of Raw Materials
Cutting Of Measured
Forming /Assembling Process
Testing
Figure 2. Developmental Process Flow

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Collection and preparation of tools, materials and equipment
It includes the purchase or necessary materials such as G.I pipes, stainless
sheets, activated carbon, and electrodes. The preparation of collection of materials and
equipment is also important to the researcher for a smooth flow of operation.
Measuring of raw materials
Materials will be measured in the desired measurement.
The body of the product; height is .60 meter, diameter is .50 meter,
Primary Chimney and Secondary chimney with filter
Height is 1 meter and the diameter is .10 meter
Forming/ Assembling Process
The forming /assembling process includes the fabrication of the body and
the chimneys/exhaust pipe. Welding process is involved in connecting the parts.
The secondary chimney/ exhaust pipe will be filled of activated carbon to serve
as the filter.

GRADUATE STUDIES
Talisay City
Testing
The product will be subjected to emission testing to assess the smoke emitted
by the device. The test will determine the performance of the device in filtering
the smoke and to consider if the product is environment friendly or not.

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CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE

OPEN TYPE RICE HULL CARBONIZER WITH ACTIVATED