Rakennusteollisuus RT

JKL fastening plates

Manual

Design according to Eurocodes

9.9.2019
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This manual is written in cooperation between the companies listed below and Betoniteollisuus Ry.

The companies listed are entitled to manufacture the JKL-fastening plates presented in this manual.

By harmonizing JKL-fastening plates, the work of designers, manufacturers, concrete element

manufacturers, contractors and officials is made easier owing to the interchangeability of the
fastening plates.

The guidelines given are intended to be used by qualified persons with the ability to understand the
restrictions of the guidelines and to take responsibility for applying the guidelines in practical
construction projects. Although the preparation of this manual has been done by the leading technical
experts in the nation, neither Betoniteollisuus Ry or the persons involved in the preparation do not
assume liability for guidelines given in this manual.

Manufacturers:

Anstar Oy

Peikko Finland Oy

R-Group Finland Oy

Semko Oy

Publisher: Rakennusteollisuus ry

Betoniteollisuus ry

Copyright: Rakennusteollisuus ry

Betoniteollisuus ry
 3 / 26

Table of contents

1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE FASTENING PLATES ........................................ 4

2 DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS OF THE FASTENING PLATES .................................. 5

2.1 Materials of the fastening plates and corresponding standards............................... 5

2.2 Dimensions of the fastening plates .......................................................................... 5
3 MANUFACTURING AND TOLERANCES OF THE FASTENING PLATES ..................... 6

3.1 Manufacturing method and execution class ............................................................. 6

3.2 Manufacturing tolerances ......................................................................................... 6
3.3 Surface treatment ..................................................................................................... 6
3.4 Quality control .......................................................................................................... 6
4 RESISTANCES ................................................................................................................. 7

4.1 Basis of structural design ......................................................................................... 7

4.2 Resistances without effects of additional reinforcement and edge distance ........... 7
4.3 Fastening area ......................................................................................................... 9
4.4 Minimum allowable edge and center distances for resistances according to 4.2 .. 10
4.5 Minimum thickness of the concrete base and the effect of base thickness to resistances
................................................................................................................................ 11
4.6 Resistances of fastening plates for combinations of load effects .......................... 11
4.7 Effects of edge and center distances to resistances .............................................. 12
4.8 Effect of additional reinforcement on edge distances ............................................ 13
4.9 Effect of additional reinforcement on resistances .................................................. 13
4.10 Maximum resistances with additional reinforcement ............................................. 18
5 USE OF FASTENING PLATES ...................................................................................... 19

5.1 Service life and allowed exposure classes............................................................. 19

5.2 Limitations for use .................................................................................................. 19
6 STORAGE, TRANSPORTATION AND MARKING OF THE FASTENING PLATES ...... 19

7 DESIGN EXAMPLE FOR JKL FASTENING PLATE ...................................................... 20

7.1 Design example 1: JKL fastening plate without additional reinforcement in the upper part
of a column .......................................................................................................................... 20
7.2 Design example 2: JKL-fastening plate in a slab ................................................... 22
8 LITERATURE RELATED TO THE MANUAL .................................................................. 25
 4 / 26

1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE FASTENING PLATES

JKL fastening plates are steel plates equipped with resistance welded stud head anchors. The
fastening plates are cast into concrete. JKL fastening plates are intended to be used as base plates
to which steel profiles are welded. The fastening plates transfer loads from structures welded on it to
concrete structures. The loads are transferred through rebar anchors.

JKL fastening plates consist of a steel on which stud head anchors are welded. Multiple sizes of
plates are manufactured with different material options.

The resistances of JKL fastening plates are calculated for static loads.

Minimum reinforcement according to SFS-EN 1992-1-1 is always to be used in the location of the
fastening plates to guarantee ductility of the structure in ultimate limit state. If in this manual the
resistance is given without additional reinforcement, the minimum reinforcement is not contributing to
the resistance given. When in this manual the resistance is presented with additional reinforcement,
in addition to the minimum reinforcement, the structure has additional reinforcement according to
section 4.9.
 5 / 26

2 DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS OF THE FASTENING

PLATES
2.1 Materials of the fastening plates and corresponding standards
Type Component Material Standard
SFS-EN 10025 +
Steel plate S355J2+N + Z15
JKL SFS-EN 10164
Anchor B500B SFS 1300
SFS-EN 10088 +
Steel plate 1.4301 + Z15
JKLR SFS-EN 10164
Anchor B500B SFS 1300
SFS-EN 10088 +
Steel plate 1.4401 + Z15
JKLH SFS-EN 10164
Anchor B500B SFS 1300

Entirely stainless fastening plates are special cases and not considered in this manual. Entirely
stainless fastening plates are to be designed separately with respect to manufacturer.

2.2 Dimensions of the fastening plates

Figure 1. Dimension markings of JKL fastening plates

Table 1. Dimensions of JKL fastening plates

JKL fastening plate H A D t Ø
JKL L x B [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
JKL 150 x 150 220 90 90 25 16
JKL 150 x 200 220 90 120 25 20
JKL 150 x 250 220 90 190 25 20
JKL 200 x 200 220 120 120 25 20
JKL 200 x 250 220 120 190 25 20
JKL 250 x 250 220 190 190 25 20
JKL 300 x 200 280 200 120 25 25
JKL 300 x 300 280 200 200 25 25
JKL 400 x 400 280 / 285 300 300 30 25
JKL 500 x 500 280 / 285 400 400 30 25
JKL 600 x 600 280 / 285 500 500 30 25
JKL 500 x 300 280 / 285 200 3 x 140 30 25
 6 / 26

Stud head dimensions according to the manufacturer of the fastening plate. As an alternative to
resistance welding the plate can also be arc stud welded. JKL 500 x 300 fastening plate has 8 stud
anchors.

3 MANUFACTURING AND TOLERANCES OF THE

FASTENING PLATES

3.1 Manufacturing method and execution class

Steel plates: Thermal or mechanical cutting

Steel bars: Mechanical cutting, heading (cold/hot)
Welding: MAG welding, manual or robotic, resistance welding or arc stud welding
Welding class: C (SFS-EN ISO 5817), EXC2 (SFS-EN 1090-2 section 7.6)

Execution class: EXC2 (SFS-EN 1090-2) [more demanding classes according to a separate
guideline]

3.2 Manufacturing tolerances

Plate side lengths: ± 4 mm 150 mm < L ≤ 600 mm

Plate straightness: L/150
Plate cut edge surface roughness: SFS-EN 1090-2
Squareness of cut edges: SFS-EN 1090-2
Steel part height: ± 5 mm
Anchor location: ± 5 mm
Anchor spacing: ± 5 mm
Anchor inclination: ± 5°

3.3 Surface treatment

Protective painting shall be applied to the visible surfaces of the fastening plates. The fastening
plates are delivered with an approximately 40 µm shop priming. Upon request the fastening plates
are delivered with a 60 µm epoxy painting or hot dip galvanized according to galvanizing standard.
Stainless and acid-proof fastening plates are delivered without protective painting.

3.4 Quality control

Demands of product standards are to be applied in quality control. The manufacturer of the fastening
plates has a valid quality control agreement for the quality control of steel part manufacturing.
 7 / 26

4 RESISTANCES

4.1 Basis of structural design

The resistances of JKL fastening plates have been calculated according to the following norms, rules
and regulations:

SFS-EN 1992 Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures

SFS-EN 1993 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures
CEN/TS 1992-4 Design of fastenings for use in concrete

The resistances have been calculated with respect to static loads. For dynamic and fatigue loads the
resistances need to be separately checked on a case-by-case basis.

4.2 Resistances without effects of additional reinforcement and edge

distance

Tables 2 and 3 present the resistances of JKL fastening plates when only one loading acts at a time.
The resistance of JKL fastening plates with respect to combinations of load effects shall be checked
according to 4.6.

The resistances given in tables 2 and 3 have been calculated using the following assumptions:

- Concrete strength C25/30 (table 2) or C40/50 (table 3)

- Cracking can occur in the location of the fastening plate.
- No additional reinforcement at the location of the fastening plate. Structure only reinforced
with minimum reinforcement. The resistances of fastening plate with additional reinforcement
is presented in section 4.9.
- The fastening plate is located so far from the edge that the breakage of the edge of concrete
structure is not a governing failure mechanism (the required edge distances are given in
section 4.4). If the edge distance is smaller than what given in 4.4, the resistances need to be
reduced according to section 4.7 or additional reinforcement according to section 4.9 needs
to be used at the location of the fastening plate.
- The thickness of the member on which the fastening plate is mounted is according to section
4.5 table 5 column hmin. With smaller thicknesses, the resistances need to be reduced
according to section 4.5.
- The tolerance for the location of a load is max. ± 20 mm (In addition the manufacturing
tolerance ± 5 mm has been considered in the calculations).
- The fastening surface of the steel component to be mounted on the fastening plate shall
have minimum area according to section 4.3.
- Shear force VEd can act in both directions of the plate but in one direction at a time. Shear
force acting in both directions need to be considered according to section 4.6.
- Torsional moment TEd can act in both plate directions but only in one direction at a time.
Torsional moment acting in both directions simultaneously shall be considered according to
section 4.6.
- Bending moment MEd can act in both plate directions but only in one direction at a time.
Bending moment acting in both directions simultaneously shall be considered according to
section 4.6.
 8 / 26

Figure 2. Notation for force directions in JKL fastening plates

Table 2. Resistances of JKL fastening plates for single load effects for cracked C25/30 concrete without
additional reinforcement and without considering the effect of edge distances.
JKL fastening plate NRd VRd MRdL MRdB TRd
JKL L x B [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
JKL 150 x 150 113 142 11,1 11,1 10,6
JKL 150 x 200 117 223 11,7 15,1 16,8
JKL 150 x 250 128 233 12,8 21,1 26,1
JKL 200 x 200 122 234 15,7 15,7 19,8
JKL 200 x 250 133 238 17,3 22,0 29,0
JKL 250 x 250 145 249 24,0 24,0 36,2
JKL 300 x 200 182 364 35,2 23,8 41,2
JKL 300 x 300 198 391 38,6 38,6 54,5
JKL 400 x 400 238 404 59,9 59,9 90,1
JKL 500 x 500 283 411 84,3 84,3 120,7
JKL 600 x 600 331 415 111,9 111,9 151,2
JKL 500 x 300 213 426 60,7 43,5 61,2

Table 3. Resistances of JKL fastening plates for single load effects for cracked C40/50 concrete without
additional reinforcement and without the effect of edge distances.
JKL fastening plate NRd VRd MRdL MRdB TRd
JKL L x B [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
JKL 150 x 150 146 142 14,5 14,5 10,6
JKL 150 x 200 151 223 15,2 19,7 19,8
JKL 150 x 250 165 233 16,7 27,4 28,1
JKL 200 x 200 158 234 20,5 20,5 22,5
JKL 200 x 250 172 238 22,4 28,5 30,1
JKL 250 x 250 188 249 31,1 31,1 36,2
JKL 300 x 200 235 374 45,7 31,1 48,9
JKL 300 x 300 255 391 50,0 50,0 59,6
JKL 400 x 400 308 404 77,6 77,6 90,1
JKL 500 x 500 365 411 109,1 109,1 120,7
JKL 600 x 600 427 415 144,6 144,6 151,2
JKL 500 x 300 275 550 78,6 56,2 79,0
 9 / 26

The values in tables 2 and 3 are maximum resistances of JKL fastening plates for individual load
effects. The maximum resistances given are values for concrete structures with minimum
reinforcement and fastening plate locations according to tables 5 and 6 without additional
reinforcement.

NOTE! In normal situations, the maximum resistances in tables 2 and 3 are reduced according to
section 4.7. Section 7 contains a design example.

4.3 Fastening area

When using resistances given in tables 2 and 3 the fastening areas of the steel components to be
attached on the JKL fastening plates shall have minimum values according to table 4. If the steel
component is welded all around, the welds can be taken as part of the fastening area. If needed,
stiffeners can be used in the connection between the fastening plate and the steel component to
achieve the required fastening area.

Table 4. Minimum fastening areas of JKL fastening plates

Minimum fastening plate
JKL fastening plate
JKL JKLR, JKLH
JKL L x B [mm] x [mm] [mm] x [mm]
JKL 150 x 150 50 x 50 70 x 70
JKL 150 x 200 55 x 75 70 x 100
JKL 150 x 250 60 x 120 75 x 150
JKL 200 x 200 75 x 75 100 x 100
JKL 200 x 250 85 x 125 105 x 150
JKL 250 x 250 130 x 130 155 x 155
JKL 300 x 200 155 x 90 180 x 105
JKL 300 x 300 165 x 165 190 x 190
JKL 400 x 400 220 x 220 260 x 260
JKL 500 x 500 305 x 305 350 x 350
JKL 600 x 600 390 x 390 440 x 440
JKL 500 x 300 220 x 130 270 x 165

If the fastening area of the component to be mounted on the fastening plate is smaller than value
given in table 4, the resistances of JKL fastening plate need to be reduced according to formula 1.

(c - a )
NRd.red = NRd × (c - a 0) , a0 > a1 (1)
1

where

NRd.red = reduced resistance to normal force

NRd = given normal force resistance for the minimum fastening area
c = distance between anchor centers
a0 = side length of the minimum fastening surface (value according to table 3)
a1 = side length of the fastening surface

The same formula for the reduction of capacity can be used for moment capacity also. For shear force
and torsional moment, it is not necessary to reduce the resistances due to fastening area.
 10 / 26

4.4 Minimum allowable edge and center distances for resistances

according to 4.2

When using resistance values given in tables 2 and 3, the center and edge distances of JKL
fastening plates need to equal to at least the values given in table 5. The values given in table 5 are
such that the edge of the concrete will not break. With smaller edge or center distances the
resistances of JKL fastening plates shall be reduced according to section 4.7.

The edge distances in table 5 are distances between the center of an anchor in JKL fastening plate to
the edge of the concrete structure, according to Figure 3. Similarly, the center distances are
distances between the centers of adjacent anchors in JKL fastening plates.

The center distance kt has the minimum value of 2 x the edge distance, if the full resistances
according to tables 2 and 3 are used. With smaller center distances, the resistance of the fastening
plates shall be reduced according to section 4.7 as with single fastening plates. The center distance
reducing factor is calculated using half of the center distance as the value of edge distances.

Figure 3. The edge distance ccr of JKL fastening plate from the center of the anchor to the edge of the
concrete structure and the center distance between adjacent fastening plates.

Table 5. Minimum edge distances of JKL fastening plates for resistances according to section 4.2.
Minimum edge Minimum edge distance
distance for for resistances VRd and
JKL fastening plate
resistances NRd, MRdL TRd in table 2
and MRdB in table 2
JKL L x B ccr.N [mm] ccr.V [mm]
JKL 150 x 150 325 960
JKL 150 x 200 325 1200
JKL 150 x 250 325 1200
JKL 200 x 200 325 1200
JKL 200 x 250 325 1200
JKL 250 x 250 325 1200
JKL 300 x 200 415 1500
JKL 300 x 300 415 1500
JKL 400 x 400 415 1500
JKL 500 x 500 415 1500
JKL 600 x 600 415 1500
JKL 500 x 300 415 1500
 11 / 26

4.5 Minimum thickness of the concrete base and the effect of base
thickness to resistances

When using the resistances given in tables 2 and 3 the thickness of the concrete base must have the
minimum value given in table 6. With smaller thicknesses of the base, the resistances of JKL
fastening plates need to be reduced. The manufacturing tolerances of the JKL fastening plates have
been considered in the minimum concrete structure thickness values given in table 6.

Table 6. Minimum thicknesses for the concrete base structure for JKL fastening plates
Minimum thickness hmin of Minimum thickness hmin.cb
the base (concrete of the base (concrete
JKL fastening plate
structure) for resistances structure) when concrete
according to table 2. cover cb = 20 mm
JKL L x B [mm] [mm]
JKL 150 x 150 450 245
JKL 150 x 200 450 245
JKL 150 x 250 450 245
JKL 200 x 200 450 245
JKL 200 x 250 450 245
JKL 250 x 250 450 245
JKL 300 x 200 570 305
JKL 300 x 300 570 305
JKL 400 x 400 580 310
JKL 500 x 500 580 310
JKL 600 x 600 580 310
JKL 500 x 300 580 310

The effect of base thickness hc to JKL fastening plate resistance can be taken into account by using
reduction factor kh.red . Given in the following formula. Base thicknesses smaller than minimum value
hmin.cb given in table 6 may not be used with the fastening plates.

2
hc 3
kh.red = (h ) ≤ 1.0 (2)
min

where

hc = thickness of the concrete structure (minimum value of the concrete structure is hmin.cb given in
table 6).
hmin = Value of hmin according to table 6.

4.6 Resistances of fastening plates for combinations of load effects

If multiple load effects act simultaneously on JKL fastening plate the resistance of the fastening plate
shall be checked according to the following formula.
2
2
3
NEd MEdB MEdL VEdB VEdL TEd 3
(N + 1.8 (M +M )) + ( V + + ) ≤ 1.0 (3)
Rd RdB RdL Rd VRd TRd

Where subscript Ed means the ultimate limit state value for the dimensioning value of the load effect
and Rd the corresponding resistance of the fastening plate.
 12 / 26

4.7 Effects of edge and center distances to resistances

If the center or edge distances are smaller than the values given in table 5, the resistance values of
the fastening plates according to section 4.2 need to be reduced. In table 7 reduction factors are
given for cases where the fastening plate edge or center distances in one, two or three sides are the
minimum values given in table 8. Linear interpolation can be used for the intermediate values
between resistances given in tables 2 and 3 and the ones calculated with the reduction factors in
table 7.

Table 7. Fastening plate resistance reduction factor when edge distance c = ccr.X.min
Reduction factor when edge distance is ccr.X.min
on single side on two sides on three sides
Load effect (fastening plate in (fastening plate in (fastening plate in
the edge of the corner or in a narrow the edge of a narrow
structure) structure) structure)
NRd 0,23 0,16 0,10
MRdB ja MRdL 0,23 0,16 0,10
VRd ja TRd 0,10 0,08 0,07

In addition to the reduction factor given in table 7, the effect of the base thickness on the resistance
of the fastening plates needs to be taken into account according to section 4.5.

Minimum values of edge distances are given in table 8. The edge distances cannot be smaller than
these values. With edge distances smaller than ones given in table 8 additional reinforcement needs
to be used according to sections 4.8 and 4.9.

Table 8. Minimum edge distances of JKL fastening plates for reduction factors according to table 7.
Minimum edge distances Minimum edge distances for
for reduction factors NRd, reduction factors VRd and TRd
JKL fastening plate
MRdL and MRdB according according to table 7
to table 7
JKL L x B ccr.N.min [mm] ccr.V.min [mm]
JKL 150 x 150 50 150
JKL 150 x 200 60 150
JKL 150 x 250 60 190
JKL 200 x 200 60 150
JKL 200 x 250 60 190
JKL 250 x 250 60 190
JKL 300 x 200 75 200
JKL 300 x 300 75 200
JKL 400 x 400 75 300
JKL 500 x 500 75 400
JKL 600 x 600 75 500
JKL 500 x 300 75 200
 13 / 26

4.8 Effect of additional reinforcement on edge distances

Positioning a JKL fastening plate with additional reinforcement shall be made according to the
minimum values of the edge distances given in column ccr.N.min of table 8.

The effect of additional reinforcement on the resistances of JKL fastening plates are given in section
4.9. Principles of additional reinforcement placement are presented in figures 4 and 5.

4.9 Effect of additional reinforcement on resistances

Additional reinforcement can be used to increase the resistances of JKL fastening plates when the
edge distances are smaller than ones given in table 5. In tables 9…11 tensile and shear resistances
of additional reinforcement placed as in figures 4 and 5 are given. Tables 9…11 give resistance of a
single additional reinforcement link. The total resistance of a JKL fastening plate with additional
reinforcement can be calculated by multiplying the resistance of a single additional reinforcement with
the number of additional reinforcement links. The additional tensile force due to eccentricity needs to
be taken into account according to section 4.9.2 when placing additional reinforcement for shear
resistance.

The maximum resistances for JKL fastening plate with additional reinforcement are presented in
section 4.10.

Reinforcing steel B500B or equivalent reinforcing steel has been used for additional reinforcement in
the calculations.

4.9.1 Additional reinforcement for tensile force and bending moment

resistance

Additional reinforcement for tensile resistance and bending moments must be placed in the concrete
structure in location of the JKL fastening plate as presented in figure 4. The additional reinforcement
is to be added as close as possible to the steel plate and anchors of the JKL fastening plate. In lateral
direction, the additional reinforcement can be located a maximum distance of 0,5H from center of an
anchor in JKL fastening plate as presented in figure 4. The additional reinforcement must be
anchored to full tensile capacity outside of the failure cone of the JKL fastening plate as presented in
figure 4.
 14 / 26

Figure 4. Additional reinforcement of JKL fastening plate for tensile force and bending moment
resistance.

cb = concrete cover (Asm. 20mm) lb = anchorage length according to SFS-EN 1992-1-1

R = interior bend radius of additional reinforcement according to SFS-EN 1992-1-1

Tables 9 and 10 give the anchorage capacities of additional reinforcement of JKL fastening plates in
the failure cone of a fastening plate with additional reinforcement positioned as in figure 4. Values in
tables 9 and 10 are calculated in good bond conditions. Resistance of a JKL fastening plate with
additional reinforcement is calculated by multiplying the value for single additional reinforcement link
given in tables 9 or 10 with the number of additional reinforcement links at the location of the
fastening plate.

Table 9. Tensile resistances of additional reinforcements of JKL fastening plates (tensile resistance
value for singe link placed according to figure 4) in concrete C25/30
Tensile resistance of additional reinforcement
JKL fastening plate NRd.s [kN]
Bar diameter Φs [mm]
JKL L x B T6 T8 T10 T12
JKL 150 x 150 23,6 31,5 39,3 47,2
JKL 150 x 200 23,6 31,5 39,3 47,2
JKL 150 x 250 23,6 31,5 39,3 47,2
JKL 200 x 200 23,6 31,5 39,3 47,2
JKL 200 x 250 23,6 31,5 39,3 47,2
JKL 150 x 200 23,6 31,5 39,3 47,2
JKL 300 x 200 24,6 41,1 51,4 61,7
JKL 300 x 300 24,6 41,1 51,4 61,7
JKL 400 x 400 24,6 41,1 51,4 61,7
JKL 500 x 500 24,6 41,1 51,4 61,7
JKL 600 x 600 24,6 41,1 51,4 61,7
JKL 500 x 300 24,6 41,1 51,4 61,7
 15 / 26

Table 10. Tensile resistances of additional reinforcements of JKL fastening plates (tensile resistance
value for singe link placed according to figure 4) in concrete C40/50
Tensile resistance of additional reinforcement
JKL fastening plate NRd.s [kN]
Bar diameter Φs [mm]
JKL L x B T6 T8 T10 T12
JKL 150 x 150 24,6 43,1 53,8 64,6
JKL 150 x 200 24,6 43,1 53,8 64,6
JKL 150 x 250 24,6 43,1 53,8 64,6
JKL 200 x 200 24,6 43,1 53,8 64,6
JKL 200 x 250 24,6 43,1 53,8 64,6
JKL 250 x 250 24,6 43,1 53,8 64,6
JKL 300 x 200 24,6 43,7 68,3 84,4
JKL 300 x 300 24,6 43,7 68,3 84,4
JKL 400 x 400 24,6 43,7 68,3 84,4
JKL 500 x 500 24,6 43,7 68,3 84,4
JKL 600 x 600 24,6 43,7 68,3 84,4
JKL 500 x 300 24,6 43,7 68,3 84,4

If concrete cover for additional reinforcement is larger than 20mm used in calculations, the anchorage
capacity of additional reinforcement in failure cone needs to be separately calculated on a case-by-
case basis.

Under poor bond conditions the resistance values given in tables 9 and 10 need to be multiplied by
factor 0,7.
 16 / 26

4.9.2 Additional reinforcement for shear force and torsional moment

Additional reinforcement for shear force and torsional moment must be place into concrete in the
location of the JKL fastening plate according to figure 5. Additional reinforcement for shear force is
placed perpendicular against the shear force and as close as possible to the steel plate of the JKL
fastening plate in the vertical direction. Additional reinforcement is bent in a such way that the
additional reinforcement steels are contacting the anchors of the JKL fastening plate. Additional
reinforcement must be anchored in the concrete structure for full tensile capacity of the steel outside
of the failure cone of the JKL fastening plate according to section A-A in figure 5. The resistance
values in table 11 are calculated for good bond conditions.

Figure 5. Additional reinforcement of JKL fastening plate for shear force and torsional moment

cb = concrete cover (Asm. 20mm) lb = anchorage length according to SFS-EN 1992-1-1

R = interior bend radius of additional reinforcement according to SFS-EN 1992-1-1

Table 11. Shear resistances of JKL fastening plates with additional reinforcement (Shear resistance of
single additional reinforcement link positioned according to figure 5)
Shear resistances of JKL fastening plates with additional
JKL fastening plate reinforcement VRd.s [kN]
bar diameter Φs [mm]
JKL L x B T6 T8 T10 T12
JKL 150 x 150 9,1 12,2 15,2 18,3
JKL 150 x 200 9,1 12,2 15,2 18,3
JKL 150 x 250 9,1 12,2 15,2 18,3
JKL 200 x 200 12,2 16,2 20,3 24,4
JKL 200 x 250 12,2 16,2 20,3 24,4
JKL 250 x 250 12,3 21,9 32,2 38,6
JKL 300 x 200 12,2 16,2 20,3 24,4
JKL 300 x 300 12,3 21,9 33,8 40,6
JKL 400 x 400 12,3 21,9 34,1 49,2
JKL 500 x 500 12,3 21,9 34,1 49,2
JKL 600 x 600 12,3 21,9 34,1 49,2
JKL 500 x 300 12,3 21,9 34,1 49,2

Under poor bond conditions the resistance values of table 11 shall be multiplied by factor 0,7.
 17 / 26

Eccentricity between shear force and reinforcement causes additional tensile force into additional
reinforcement. This additional force is accounted for in the following way:

Figure 6. Additional tensile force in additional reinforcement

e
VEd.re = ( zs + 1) ∙ VEd (4)

where

es = distance between shear force (surface of steel plate) and center of the reinforcement

2H
z= internal moment arm of the concrete structure ≈ 0,85d (d ≤ min{ )
2c1

Example: JKL300x300 fastening plate with additional reinforcement for shear force. VEd = 75 kN, es =
35 mm, z = 160 mm, additional reinforcement T12 links in good bond conditions.

True tensile force in additional reinforcement when considering eccentricity NEd.re = (35 mm / 160 mm
+ 1) x 75 kN = 91,4 kN.

91,4 kN / (2 x 40,6 kN) = 112 % -> 2 pieces T12 links is not enough.

91,4 kN / (3 x 40,6 kN) = 75 % -> 3 pieces T12 links is needed for additional reinforcement
 18 / 26

4.10 Maximum resistances with additional reinforcement

Table 12 gives maximum resistances for JKL fastening plates. True resistance of JKL fastening
plates depends on the amount of additional reinforcement used according to sections 4.9.1 and 4.9.2
(compare examples A and B below). Additional reinforcement is placed according to figures 4 and 5.
In positioning JKL fastening plate to a structure minimum edge distances given in table 7 column
ccr.N.min must be complied with. Effect of the height of the concrete structure to the maximum
resistances need to be taken into an account according to 4.5.

Table 12. Maximum resistances for JKL fastening plates

JKL fastening plate NRd.max VRd.max MRdL.max MRdB.max TRd.max
JKL L x B [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
JKL 150 x 150 149 142 14,5 14,5 10,6
JKL 150 x 200 249 223 15,2 19,7 19,8
JKL 150 x 250 268 233 16,7 27,4 28,1
JKL 200 x 200 267 234 20,5 20,5 22,5
JKL 200 x 250 269 238 22,4 28,5 30,1
JKL 250 x 250 316 249 31,1 31,1 36,2
JKL 300 x 200 455 374 45,7 31,1 48,9
JKL 300 x 300 501 391 50,0 50,0 59,6
JKL 400 x 400 556 404 77,6 77,6 90,1
JKL 500 x 500 588 411 109,1 109,1 120,7
JKL 600 x 600 609 415 144,6 144,6 151,2
JKL 500 x 300 605 550 78,6 56,2 79,0

Example A:

4 pieces of T10 additional reinforcement links are installed in location of JKL 200x200 fastening plate.
The links are positioned according to figure 4 and the bond conditions are good. The total tensile
resistance of the links is Fre = 4 pcs x 39,3 kN/pc = 157,2 kN. Maximum value of tensile resistance is
NRd.max = 267 kN so the maximum value cannot be used for the fastening plate but resistance value of
the additional reinforcement, Fre = 157,2 kN, must be used as the resistance value.

Example B:

6 pieces of T12 additional reinforcement links are installed in location of JKL 200x200 fastening plate.
The links are positioned according to figure 4 and the bond conditions are good. The total tensile
resistance of the links is Fre = 6 pcs x 47,2 kN/pc = 283,2. Maximum value of tensile resistance is
NRd.max = 267 kN so for fastening plate with described additional reinforcement the maximum value
NRd.max must be used as the resistance of the fastening plate with additional reinforcement.
 19 / 26

5 USE OF FASTENING PLATES

5.1 Service life and allowed exposure classes

Service life of JKL fastening plates depends on the chosen fastening plate material. JKL fastening
plates may be used in all concrete structure exposure classes when the requirements of the
exposure classes for the concrete cover of steel parts of the fastening plate are complied with. If
necessary, stainless JKLR or acid-proof JKLH fastening plate types are to be used.

5.2 Limitations for use

Capacities for JKL fastening plates are calculated for static loads. For dynamic or fatigue loads larger
partial safety factors for loads must be used and the components of the connection must be checked
on a case-by-case basis.

Resistances for JKL fastening plates have been calculated for cracked concrete with strength C25/30
or C40/50.

A reinforcement to guarantee ductile action of the structure in ultimate limit state must always be
installed in location of the JKL fastening plates.

6 STORAGE, TRANSPORTATION AND MARKING OF THE

FASTENING PLATES
JKL fastening plates are to be stored protected from the rain.

Marking is made into JKL fastening plates that shows at least the manufacturer, type and identifier
and manufacturing date of the fastening plate.
 20 / 26

7 DESIGN EXAMPLE FOR JKL FASTENING PLATE

7.1 Design example 1: JKL fastening plate without additional
reinforcement in the upper part of a column

Resistance of a JKL fastening plate is checked for the situation presented in figure 7. No additional
reinforcement for the JKL fastening plate is installed and the column has regular column
reinforcement.

Column 680 x 680 mm2, fastening plate JKL300x300, outline of the steel component to be fixed to
the plate 160 x 160 mm2.

Resistance and utilization ratios are calculated for concrete grades C25/30 and C40/50.

Figure 7. Design example for JKL fastening plate, fastening plate in the upper part of a column.

Load effects applied to the fastening plate: VEd = 15 kN, MEd = 4 kNm.

Effect of edge distances to resistances

Smallest edge distance for JKL300x300 fastening plate from center of anchor to edge of the concrete
structure is 240mm. According to table 5 the smallest edge distances for which the resistances of the
fastening plates do not need to be reduced are for normal force and bending moment ccr.N = 415 mm
and for shear force and torsional moment ccr.V = 1500 mm. The actual values are below the minimum
values of table 5 so the resistances need to be reduced due to the edge distances.

The reducing factors for JKL fastening plates due to edge distances are calculated according to
section 4.7. The minimum edge distances according to table 8 are for normal force and bending
moment ccr.N.min = 75 mm and for shear force and torsional moment ccr.V.min = 200 mm. The reduction
factors for minimum edge distances are found in table 7. Reduction factors can be linearly
interpolated so the reduction factors are calculated as follows:

1-0,14
kred.M.edge = 0,14 + (240mm-75mm) = 0,55
415mm-75mm

1-0,07
kred.V.edge = 0,07 + (240mm-200mm) = 0,10
1500mm-200mm
 21 / 26

Effect of dimensions of the steel part to be fastened to resistances

In table 4 of section 4.3 the minimum fastening areas for which the full resistance of the JKL
fastening plate can be utilized are given. Size of the fixed part in the example, 160 x 160 mm2, is
smaller than the minimum fastening surface for JKL300x300 so the moment resistance is reduced
according to section 4.3.

(200mm - 165mm)
kred.M.Area = = 0,87
(200mm - 160mm)

Effect of concrete structure thickness on the resistances

Section 4.5 table 6 gives minimum thickness of the concrete structure for which the resistances do
not need to be reduced. For JKL300x300 fastening plate this value is 570mm. Thickness of the
column in the design example fulfills this requirement and the resistances of the fastening plate do
not need to be reduced due to thickness of the concrete structure.

Reduced resistances, concrete C25/30

The non-reduced resistances for JKL300x300 fastening plates in concrete C25/30 are: VRd = 391 kN,
MRd = 38,6 kNm.

The reduced resistances are:

MRd.red = kred.N.edge x kred.N.area x MRd = 0,55 x 0,87 x 38,6 kNm.= 18,4 kNm.

VRd.red = kred.V.edge x VRd = 0,10 x 391 kN = 39,1 kN.

Resistance for combinations of load effects, concrete C25/30

The resistance of JKL fastening plate for combinations of load effect combinations are calculated
according to section 4.6.
2 2
4 kNm 3 20 kN 3
(1.8 ( )) + ( ) = 1,06
18,4 kNm 39,1 kN

JKL300x300 fastening plate does not have enough resistance for the loadings given with position
according to figure 7 without additional reinforcement in concrete C25/30.

Reduced resistances, concrete C40/50

The non-reduced resistances for JKL300x300 fastening plates in concrete C40/50 are: VRd = 391 kN,
MRd = 50,0 kNm.

The reduced resistances are:

MRd.red = kred.N.edge x kred.N.area x MRd = 0,55 x 0,87 x 50,0 kNm.= 23,9 kNm.

VRd.red = kred.V.edge x VRd = 0,10 x 391 kN = 39,1 kN.

Resistance for combinations of load effects, concrete C40/50

The resistance of JKL fastening plate for combinations of load effect combinations are calculated
according to section 4.6.
2 2
4 kNm 3 20 kN 3
(1.8 ( )) + ( ) = 0,98
23,9 kNm 39,1 kN
 22 / 26

JKL300x300 fastening plate has enough resistance for the loadings given with position according to
figure 7 without additional reinforcement in concrete C40/50.

7.2 Design example 2: JKL-fastening plate in a slab

Resistance of a JKL fastening plate is checked for the situation presented in figure 8. No additional
reinforcement for the JKL fastening plate is installed.

Fastening plate JKL300x300, outline of the steel component to be fixed to the plate 180 x 180 mm2.

Resistance and utilization ratios for the fastening plate are calculated for concrete grade C25/30

Figure 8. Dimensioning example for JKL fastening plate, fastening plate on a slab

Load effects applied to the fastening plate: NEd = 15 kN, VEd = 20 kN, MEd = 1,5 kNm.

Effect of edge distances to resistances

Smallest edge distance for JKL300x300 fastening plate from center of anchor to edge of the concrete
structure is 200mm. According to table 5 the smallest edge distances for which the resistances of the
fastening plates do not need to be reduced are for normal force and bending moment c cr.N = 415 mm
and for shear force and torsional moment ccr.V = 1500 mm. The actual values are below the minimum
values of table 5 so the resistances need to be reduced due to the edge distances.

The reducing factors for JKL fastening plates due to edge distances are calculated according to
section 4.7. The minimum edge distances according to table 8 are for normal force and bending
moment ccr.N.min = 75 mm and for shear force and torsional moment ccr.V.min = 200 mm. The reduction
factors for minimum edge distances are found in table 7. Reduction factors can be linearly
interpolated so the reduction factors are calculated as follows:

1-0,14
kred.M.edge = 0,14 + (200mm-75mm) = 0,46
415mm-75mm

1-0,07
kred.V.edge = 0,07 + (200mm-200mm) = 0,07
1500mm-200mm
 23 / 26

Effect of dimensions of the steel part to be fastened to resistances

In table 4 of section 4.3 the minimum fastening areas for which the full resistance of the JKL
fastening plate can be utilized are given. Size of the fixed part in the example, 180 x 180 mm 2 fulfills
the requirements so the resistance does not need to be reduced because of the dimensions of the
fastened part.

Effect of concrete structure thickness on the resistances

Section 4.5 table 6 gives minimum thickness of the concrete structure for which the resistances do
not need to be reduced. For JKL300x300 fastening plate this value is 570mm. Thickness of the
column in the design example does not fulfill this requirement and the resistances of the fastening
plate need to be reduced with the factor:
2
380mm 3
kh.red = ( ) =0,76
570mm
Reduced resistances, concrete C25/30

The non-reduced resistances for JKL300x300 fastening plates in concrete C25/30 are: NRd = 198 kN,
VRd = 391 kN ja MRd = 38,6 kNm.

The reduced resistances are:

NRd.red = kred.N.edge x kh.red x NRd = 0,46 x 0,76 x 198 kN = 69,2 kN

MRd.red = kred.N.edge x kh.red x MRd = 0,46 x 0,76 x 38,6 kNm.= 13,5 kNm.

VRd.red = kred.V.edge x kh.red x VRd = 0,07 x 0,76 x 391 kN = 20,8 kN.

Resistance for combinations of load effects, concrete C25/30

The resistance of JKL fastening plate for combinations of load effect combinations are calculated
according to section 4.6.
2 2
15kN 1,5 kNm 3 20 kN 3
( +1.8 ( )) + ( ) = 1,53
69,2kN 13,5 kNm 20,8 kN

JKL300x300 fastening plate resistance without additional reinforcement is not high enough for the
loadings given and position according to figure 8 and concrete strength C25/30.

Additional reinforcement for shear force

Additional reinforcement 3-T12 is installed in the location of the JKL300x300 fastening plate
according to figure 9.
 24 / 26

Figure 9. Positioning of additional reinforcement for shear force in the design example

The additional reinforcement for shear force is installed in the ”bad” bond conditions of the structure.
Resistance of the shear reinforcement is VRd.s = 3 x 0,7 x 40,6 kN = 85,3 kN.
Shear force induces additional tensile force into the shear force additional reinforcement. This force
can be calculated in the following way:

es = 25 mm + 3 x 12 mm / 2 = 43 mm

z = 0,85 x min(2 x 280 mm ; 2 x 200 mm) = 340 mm

kred.e = 1 / (es / z +1) = 0,89

VRd.re = kred.e x VRd.s = 75,9 kN

Resistance for load effect combinations with additional reinforcement

The resistance of JKL fastening plate for combinations of load effect combinations are calculated
according to section 4.6.
2 2
15kN 1,5 kNm 3 20 kN 3
( +1.8 ( )) + ( ) = 0,97
69,2kN 13,5 kNm 75,9 kN

JKL300x300 fastening plate has enough resistance for the loadings given with position according to
figure 9 and additional reinforcement 3-T12 for shear force.
 25 / 26

8 LITERATURE RELATED TO THE MANUAL

CEN/TS 1992-4-1:2009. Design of fastenings for use in concrete. Part 1 General

CEN/TS 1992-4-2:2009. Design of fastenings for use in concrete. Part 2 Headed fasteners

fib bulletin 58:2011 Design of anchorages in concrete

SFS-EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings

SFS-EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings

SFS-EN 1993-1-8 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part 1-8: Design of joints

SFS-EN 1993-1-10 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part 1-10: Material toughness and
through-thickness properties

SFS-EN 1090-2 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures. Part 2: Technical
requirements for steel structures

SFS-EN 10080 Steel for the reinforcement of concrete. Weldable reinforcing steel. General

SFS 1216 Betoniteräkset. Hitsattava kuumavalssattu harjatanko A700HW

SFS 1257 Betoniteräkset. Kylmämuokattu harjatanko B500K

SFS 1259 Betoniteräkset. Kylmämuokattu ruostumaton harjatanko B600KX

SFS 1268 Betoniteräkset. Hitsattava kuumavalssattu harjatanko B500B

SFS 1269 Betoniteräkset. Hitsattava kuumavalssattu harjatanko B500C1

SFS 1300 Betoniteräkset. Hitsattavien betoniterästen ja betoniteräsverkkojen vähimmäisvaatimukset

SFS-EN 10025 Hot rolled products of structural steels.

SFS-EN 10088 Stainless steels

SFS-EN ISO 17660-1 Welding. Welding of reinforcing steel. Part 1: Load-bearing welded joints

SFS-EN ISO 5817 Welding. Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam
welding excluded). Quality levers for imperfections.

SFS-EN ISO 3834-3 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials. Part 3: Standard
quality requirements

SFS-EN ISO 14554-2 Quality requirements for welding. Resistance welding of metallic materials.
Part 2: Elementary quality requirements.

SFS-EN 15609-1 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials. Welding
procedure specification. Part 1: Arc welding.

SFS-EN 15609-2 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials. Welding
procedure specification. Part 2: Gas welding

SFS-EN 15609-5 Specification and qualification of welding procedure for metallic materials. Welding
procedure specification. Part 5: Resistance welding

SFS-EN 287-1 Qualification test of welders. Fusion welding Part 1: Steels

 26 / 26

SFS-EN ISO 9606-1 Qualification testing of welders. Fusion welding. Part 1: Steels

SFS-EN ISO 14731 Welding coordination. Tasks and responsibilities

SFS-EN ISO 14732 Welding personnel. Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for
mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials

SFS-EN ISO 9018 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Tensile test on cruciform and
lapped joints.

SFS-EN 10204 Metallic products. Types of inspection documents

NA SFS-EN 1992-1-1 Finnish national annex

NA SFS-EN 1993-1-1 Finnish national annex

NA SFS-EN 1993-1-8 Finnish national annex

NA SFS-EN 1993-10 Finnish national annex

ETAG 001 Guideline for European technical approval of metal anchors for use in concrete.
Annex A: Details of tests.
Annex B: Tests for admissible service conditions, detailed information.