EBD_7588

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 CONTENTS
Sl. No. Chapter Name Page No.

1. Sets .......................................................................................................... 1-10

2. Relations and Functions-I ..................................................................... 11-22

3A. Trigonometric Functions ....................................................................... 23-36

3B. Properties of Triangles and Height & Distances ................................ 37-48

4. Principle of Mathematical Induction .................................................... 49-54

5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations ...................................... 55-76

6. Linear Inequalities ................................................................................. 77-86

7. Permutations and Combinations ........................................................... 87-98

8. Binomial Theorem ................................................................................. 99-114

9. Sequences and Series ............................................................................ 115-138

10. Straight Lines & Pair of Striaght Lines ................................................ 139-156

11. Conic Sections ........................................................................................ 157-182

12. Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry .................................... 183-188

13. Limits and Derivatives .......................................................................... 189-204

14. Mathematical Reasoning ....................................................................... 205-210

 EBD_7588
15. Statistics .................................................................................................. 211-222

16. Probability-I ........................................................................................... 223-234

17. Relations & Functions-II .................................................................... 235-246

18. Inverse Trigonometric Functions ........................................................ 247-262

19. Matrices ................................................................................................. 263-274

20. Determinants ......................................................................................... 275-292

21. Continuity and Differentiability ............................................................ 293-312

22. Application of Derivatives .................................................................... 313-330

23. Integrals ................................................................................................. 331-354

24. Application of Integrals ........................................................................ 355-366

25. Differential Equations ........................................................................... 367-386

26. Vector Algebra ...................................................................................... 387-404

27. Three Dimensional Geometry ............................................................. 405-424

28. Linear Programming ............................................................................. 425-436

29. Probability–II ........................................................................................ 437-452

 1 Sets
1. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, then the number of proper What do the sets P Ç Q and R – P represents
subsets of A is respectively ?
(a) 31 (b) 38 (c) 48 (d) 54 (a) The set of isosceles triangles; the set of
2. Which of the following is true? non- isosceles right angled triangles
(a) a Î {{a}, b} (b) The set of isosceles triangles; the set of
(b) {b, c} Ì {a, {b, c}} right angled triangles
(c) {a, b} Ì {a, {b, c}} (c) The set of equilateral triangles; the set of
(d) None of these right angled triangles
3. Let S be a set of all distinct numbers of the form (d) The set of isosceles triangles; the set of
equilateral triangles
P 10. If A, B, C are three sets, then what is A – (B – C)
, where p, q Î {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} . What is the
Q equal to?
cardinality of the set S? (a) A – ( B Ç C ) (b) ( A – B ) È C
(a) 21 (b) 23 (c) 32 (d) 36
4. Which of the following is a singleton set? (c) ( A – B ) È ( A Ç C ) (d) ( A – B ) È ( A – C )
(a) {x : |x| = 5, x Î N} 11. If A and B are two sets, then (A – B) È (B – A)
(b) {x : |x| = 6, x Î Z} È (A Ç B) is equal to
(c) {x : x2 + 2x + 1 = 0, x Î N} (a) Only A (b) A È B
(d) {x : x2 = 7, x Î N} (c) ( A È B)¢ (d) None of these
5. Let A = {x| x £ 9, x Î N}. Let B = {a, b, c} be the
12. Each student in a class of 40, studies at least one
subset of A where (a + b + c) is a multiple of 3.
of the subjects English, Mathematics and
What is the largest possible number of subsets
Economics. 16 study English, 22 Economics and
like B? 26 Mathematics, 5 study English and Economics,
(a) 12 (b) 21 (c) 27 (d) 30 14 Mathematics and Economics and 2 study all
6. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total the three subjects. The number of students who
number of subsets of the first set is 56 more than study English and Mathematics but not
the total number of subsets of the second set. Economics is
Then : (a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 4
(a) m = 3, n = 6 (b) m = 6, n = 3 13. If A and B are subsets of a set X, then what is
(c) m = 5, n = 6 (d) None of these { A Ç ( X – B )} È B equal to?
7. If P(A) denotes the power set of A and A is the (a) A È B (b) A Ç B
void set, then what is number of elements in (c) A (d) B
P{P{P{P(A)}}}? 14. A survey of 500 television viewers produced the
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 16 following information, 285 watch football, 195
8. Which of the following sets is a finite set? watch hockey, 115 watch basket-ball, 45 watch
(a) A = {x : x Î Z and x2 – 5x + 6 = 0} football and basket ball, 70 watch football and
(b) B = {x : x Î Z and x2 is even} hockey, 50 watch hockey and basket ball, 50 do
(c) D = {x : x Î Z and x > –10} not watch any of the three games. The number of
(d) All of these viewers, who watch exactly one of the three
9. Let S = the set of all triangles, P = the set of all games are
isosceles triangles, Q = the set of all equilateral
triangles, R = the set of all right-angled triangles. (a) 325 (b) 310 (c) 405 (d) 372
 EBD_7588
2 Mathematics Objective MCQs
15. If A = {4n + 2| n is a natural number} and B = {3n 23. Consider the following :
| n is a natural number}, then what is ( A Ç B ) 1. A È ( B Ç C ) = ( A Ç B) È ( A Ç C )
equal to? 2. A Ç ( B È C ) = ( A È B) Ç ( A È C )
(a) {12n2 + 6n| n is a natural number} Which of the above is/are correct ?
(b) {24n – 12| n is a natural number} (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) {60n + 30| n is a natural number} (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) {12n – 6| n is a natural number}
24. In a city 20 percent of the population travels by
16. A dinner party is to be fixed for a group of 100
car, 50 percent travels by bus and 10 percent
persons. In this party, 50 persons do not prefer
travels by both car and bus. Then persons
fish, 60 prefer chicken and 10 do not prefer either travelling by car or bus is
chicken or fish. The number of persons who prefer
(a) 80 percent (b) 40 percent
both fish and chicken is.
(a) 20 (b) 22 (c) 60 percent (d) 70 percent
(c) 25 (d) None of these 25. In a survey of 400 students in a school, 100
were listed as taking apple juice, 150 as taking
17. Which is the simplified representation of
orange juice and 75 were listed as taking both
(A' Ç B' Ç C) È (B Ç C) È (A Ç C) where A, B, C
apple as well as orange juice.
are subsets of set X?
Then, which of the following is/are true?
(a) A (b) B I. 150 students were taking at least one
(c) C (d) X Ç (A È B È C) juice.
18. Which one of the following is correct ? II. 225 students were taking neither apple
(a) A È (B – C) = A Ç (B Ç C') juice nor orange juice.
(b) A – (B È C) = (A Ç B ') Ç C ' (a) Only I is true
(c) A – (B Ç C) = (A Ç B ') Ç C (b) Only II is true
(d) A Ç (B – C) = (A Ç B ) Ç C (c) Both I and II are true
19. If F(n) denotes the set of all divisors of n (d) None of these
except 1, what is the least value of y satisfying 26. If A, B and C are three finite sets, then what is
éë( A È B ) Ç C ùû equal to?
'
[F(20) Ç F(16)] Í F(y)?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8 (a) A' È B ' Ç C ' (b) A' Ç B ' Ç C '
20. If m is the universal set and P is a subset of m,
(c) A ' Ç B ' È C ' (d) A Ç B Ç C
then what is P Ç (P – m) È (m – P)} equal to ?
27. A market research group conducted a survey
(a) f (b) P' (c) m (d) P
21. Consider the following statements: of 2000 consumers and reported that 1720
For non empty sets A, B and C consumers like product P1 and 1450 consumers
1. A– ( B – C) = ( A– B) È C like product P2. What is the least number that
2. A– (B È C) = ( A– B) – C must have liked both the products?
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) 1150 (b) 2000 (c) 1170 (d) 2500
correct? 28. If n (A) = 115, n (B) = 326, n (A – B) = 47, then what
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only is n( A È B ) equal to?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1nor 2 (a) 373 (b) 165 (c) 370 (d) 394
22. In a group of 500 students, there are 475 students 29. If X and Y are two sets such that (X È Y) has 60
who can speak Hindi and 200 can speak Bengali. elements, X has 38 elements and Y has 42
What is the number of students who can speak elements, how many elements does (X Ç Y) have ?
Hindi only ? (a) 11 (b) 20
(a) 275 (b) 300 (c) 325 (d) 350 (c) 13 (d) None of these
Sets 3
30. Let A, B, C be finite sets. Suppose that n (A) = 10, 37. Which of the following is/ are true?
n (B) = 15, n (C) = 20, n (AÇB) = 8 and n (BÇC) = 9. I. If A is a subset of the universal set U,
Then the possible value of n (AÈBÈC) is
then its complement A¢ is also a subset
of U.
(a) 26 II. If U = {1, 2, 3, ....., 10} and A = {1, 3, 5,
(b) 27 7, 9}, then ( A ¢ )¢ = A.
(c) 28 (a) Only I is true
(d) Any of the three values 26, 27, 28 is possible (b) Only II is true
31. A survey shows that 61%, 46% and 29% of the (c) Both I and II are true
people watched “3 idiots”, “Rajneeti” and (d) None of these
“Avatar” respectively. 25% people watched 38. For a set A, consider the following statements:
exactly two of the three movies and 3% watched
1. A È P ( A) = P ( A)
none. What percentage of people watched all
the three movies? 2. { A} Ç P ( A) = A

(a) 39% (b) 11% (c) 14% (d) 7% 3. P ( A) - { A} = P ( A)

32. In a class of 80 students numbered a to 80, all where P denotes power set.
odd numbered students opt of Cricket, students Which of the statements given above is/are
whose numbers are divisible by 5 opt for correct?
Football and those whose numbers are divisible (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
by 7 opt for Hockey. The number of students (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
who do not opt any of the three games, is 39. If A and B are two disjoint sets, then which one
(a) 13 (b) 24 (c) 28 (d) 52 of the following is correct?
33. 20 teachers of a school either teach mathematics (a) A - B = A - ( A Ç B)
or physics. 12 of them teach mathematics while 4 (b) B - A¢ = A Ç B
teach both the subjects. Then the number of
teachers teaching physics only is (c) A Ç B = ( A - B) Ç B
(a) 12 (b) 8 (d) All of these
40. Let N denote the set of natural numbers and
(c) 16 (d) None of these A = {n2 : n Î N}and B = {n3 : n Î N}. Which one
34. In a B School there are 15 teachers who teach of the following is incorrect?
marketing or finance. Of these, 8 teach finance (a) A È B = N
and 4 teach both marketing and finance. How
many teach marketing but not finance? (b) The complement of ( A È B ) is an infinite
(a) 15 (b) 20 set
(c) 11 (d) None of these (c) A Ç B must be a finite set
35. The cardinality of the set P{P[P(f)]} is (d) A Ç B must be a proper subset of {m6 : m Î N}
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 41. If the cardinality of a set A is 4 and that of a set B
36. The number of elements in the set is 3, then what is the cardinality of the set A D B?
{(a, b) : 2a2 + 3b2 = 35, a, b Î Z}, where Z is the (a) 1
set of all integers, is (b) 5
(c) 7
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 12
(d) Cannot be determined as the sets A and B
are not given
 EBD_7588
4 Mathematics Objective MCQs
42. Let N be the set of non-negative integers, I the 48. Which one of the following is correct?
set of integers, N p the set of non-positive (a) A È P(A) = P(A) (b) A Ç P(A) = A
integers, E the set of even integers and P the set
(c) A - P(A) = A (d) P(A) - {A} = P(A)
of prime numbers. Then
(a) I – N = Np (b) N Ç Np = f Here P(A) denotes the power set of a set A.
(c) E Ç P = f (d) N D Np = I – {0}
43. Let A and B be two sets then 49. If (A - B) È (B - A) =A for subsets A and B of
(A È B) 'È (A 'Ç B) is equal to the universal set U, then which one of the
following is correct?
(a) A ¢ (b) A (a) B is proper non-empty subset of A
(c) B ¢ (d) None of these (b) A and B are non-empty disjoint sets
44. What does the shaded portion of the Venn (c) B = f
diagram given below represent? (d) None of the above
50. What does the shaded region in the Venn diagram
given below represent ?

P Q A

R
B
(a) (P Ç Q) Ç (P Ç R)
(b) ((P Ç Q) - R) È ((P Ç R) - Q)
C
(c) ((P È Q) - R) Ç ((P Ç R) - Q)
(a) C Ç (A 'Ç B')
(d) ((P Ç Q) È R) Ç ((P È Q) - R)
(b) C È (C'Ç A Ç B)
45. A, B, C and D are four sets such that
A Ç B = C Ç D = f. Consider the following : (c) C È (C Ç A) È (C Ç B)
1. A È C and B È D are always disjoint. (d) C È (A / B)
2. A Ç C and B Ç D are always disjoint 51. Let n (U) = 700, n (A) = 200, n (B) = 300, n (A Ç B)
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? = 100, then n (A' Ç B') is equal to
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 400 (b) 600
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2s (c) 300 (d) None of these
46. Let A, B, C are three non-empty sets. If A Ì B 52. There are 600 student in a school. If 400 of them
and B Ì C, then which of the following is true? can speak Telugu, 300 can speak Hindi, then the
(a) B – A = C – B (b) A Ç B Ç C = B number of students who can speak both Telugu
(c) A È B = B Ç C (d) A È B È C = A and Hindi is:
47. Let X and Y be two non-empty sets such that (a) 100 (b) 200 (c) 300 (d) 400
X Ç A = Y Ç A = f and X È A = Y È A for some 53. In a group of 50 people, two tests were conducted,
non-empty set A. Then one for diabetes and one for blood pressure. 30
people were diagnosed with diabetes and 40
(a) X is a proper subset of Y
people were diagnosed with high blood pressure.
(b) Y is a proper subset of X what is the minimum number of people who were
(c) X = Y having diabetes and high blood pressure ?
(d) X and Y are disjoint sets (a) 0 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 30
Sets 5
54. Out of 32 persons, 30 invest in National Savings 58. In a town of 10000 families, it was found that
Certificates and 17 invest in shares. What is the 40% families buy newspaper A, 20% families
number of persons who invest in both? buy newspaper B and 10% families buy
(a) 13 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 19 newspaper C, 5% buy A and B, 3% buy B and
55. Which of the following is correct? C and 4% buy A and C. If 2% families buy all
I. n(S È T) is maximum when n (S Ç T) is least. of three newspapers, then the number of
II. If n(U) = 1000, n(S) = 720, n(T) = 450, then families which buy A only, is
least value of n(S Ç T) = 170.
(a) Only I is true (a) 4400 (b) 3300 (c) 2000 (d) 500
(b) Only II is true 59. In a class of 30 pupils, 12 take needle work, 16
(c) Both I and II are true take physics and 18 take history. If all the 30
(d) Both I and II are false students take at least one subject and no one
56. In a school, there are 20 teachers who teach takes all three then the number of pupils taking 2
Mathematics or Physics of these, 12 teach Math- subjects is
ematics and 4 teach both Maths and Physics. (a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 20
Then the number of teachers teaching only Phys- 60. Consider the following statements.
ics are I. If An is the set of first n prime numbers,
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16
10
57. Given n(U) = 20, n(A) = 12, n(B) = 9, n(A Ç B) = 4, then U An is equal to {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,
where U is the universal set, A and B are subsets n=2
of U, then 19, 23, 29}
II. If A and B are two sets such that n (A È B)
n((A È B)c) =
= 50,
(a) 17 (b) 9 (c) 11 (d) 3 n (A) = 28, n (B) = 32, then n (A Ç B) = 10.
Which of these is correct?
(a) Only I is true (b) Only II is true
(c) Both are true (d) Both are false

Answer KEYs
1 (a) 7 (d) 13 (a) 19 (b) 25 (b) 31 (d) 37 (c) 43 (a) 49 (c) 55 (c)
2 (d) 8 (a) 14 (a) 20 (a) 26 (c) 32 (c) 38 (a) 44 (b) 50 (c) 56 (b)
3 (d) 9 (a) 15 (d) 21 (b) 27 (c) 33 (b) 39 (a) 45 (b) 51 (c) 57 (d)
4 (a) 10 (c) 16 (a) 22 (b) 28 (a) 34 (c) 40 (a) 46 (c) 52 (a) 58 (b)
5 (d) 11 (b) 17 (c) 23 (d) 29 (b) 35 (d) 41 (d) 47 (c) 53 (c) 59 (a)
6 (b) 12 (b) 18 (b) 24 (c) 30 (d) 36 (c) 42 (d) 48 (a) 54 (b) 60 (c)
 EBD_7588
6 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1. (a) Note : Number of proper subsets of A = 2n –1
Given : A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Here n = 5
\ no. of proper subsets = 25 – 1
2. (d) a is not an element of {{a}, b}
\ a Ï {{a}, b}
{b, c} is the element of {a, {b, c}}
\{b, c} Î {a, {b, c}}
b Î {a, b} but b Ï {a, {b, c}}
\ {a, b} Ë {a, {b, c}}.
3. (d) No. of elements given = 6
No. of elements taken at a time = 2 i.e. (p & q)
Þ Cardinality of the set (s) = 6 2 = 36.
(because numbers are repeated).
4. (a) (a) |x| = 5 Þ x = 5 [Q x Î N]
\ Given set is singleton.
(b) |x| = 6 Þ x = –6, 6 [Q x Î Z]
\ Given set is not singleton.
(c) x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 Þ (x + 1)2 = 0
Þ x = –1, –1
Since, –1 Ï N, \ given set = f
(d) x2 = 7 Þ x = ± 7.
5. (d) Given
A = {x : x £ 9, x Î N} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9}
Total possible multiple of 3 are
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27
But 3 and 27 are not possible because 3 and
27 can not be express as such that a + b + c
is multiple of 3
6 ® 1+ 2 + 3
9 ® 2 + 3 + 4,5 + 3 + 1, 6 + 2 + 1
12 ® 9 + 2 + 1,8 + 3 + 1, 7 + 1 + 4, 7 + 2 + 3,
6 + 4 + 2, 6 + 5 + 1,5 + 4 + 3
15 ® 9 + 4 + 2,9 + 5 + 1,8 + 6 + 1,8 + 5 + 2,
8 + 4 + 3,7 + 6 + 2,7 + 5 + 3,6 + 5 + 4
18 ® 9 + 8 + 1,9 + 7 + 2,9 + 6 + 3,
9 + 5 + 4,8 + 7 + 3,8 + 6 + 4, 7 + 6 + 5
21 ® 9 + 8 + 4,9 + 7 + 5,8 + 7 + 6
24 ® 9 + 8 + 7
Hence, total largest possible subsets are 30.
7. (d) Since, A is void set therefore the number of
elements in power set of A is 1.
\ P{P(A)} = 21 = 2
because If set A has n elements then P(A)
has 2n elements.
Þ P { P{P ( A)}} = 2 2 = 4
Þ P{P{P{P(A)}}} = 24 = 16
8. (a) (a) A = {x : x Î Z and x2 – 5x + 6 = 0}
= {2, 3}
So, A is a finite set
(b) B = {x : x Î Z and x2 is even}
= {....., –6, –4, –2, 0, 2, 4, 6, .....}
Clearly, B is an infinite set.
(c) D = {x : x Î Z and x > –10}
= {–9, –8, –7, .....}
Clearly, D is an infinite set.
9. (a) As given : S = the set of all triangles
P = the set of all isosceles triangles
Q = the set of all equilateral triangles
R = the set of all right angled triangles
\ P Ç Q represents the set of isosceles
triangles and R – P represents the set of non-
isosceles right angled triangles.
10. (c) Following venn diagram shows the relation
A – (B–C)
A
B
C
In the above venn diagram, horizontal lines
shows
(A–B) and vertical lines show (A Ç C)
\(A - B) È (A Ç C) = A - (B - C)
11. (b) (A – B) È (B – A) È (A Ç B)
= only A È only B È Both A and B
= A È B.
12. (b) C stands for set of students taking
economics
E C
a b c
g
d e

6. (b) m n f
2 = 2 + 56
M
m
Þ2 - 2 n = 64 - 8 = 2 6 - 2 3 a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 40; a + b + d + g = 16
Sets 7
b + c + e + g = 22; d + e + f + g = 26 17. (c) A' Ç B' Ç C = only C
b + g = 5; e + g = 14; g = 2 \ (A' Ç B' Ç C) È (B Ç C) È (A Ç C) = C
Go by backward substitution (By Venn Diagram)
e = 12, b = 3, d + f = 12, c + e = 17 Þ c = 5; a + d 18. (b) Let a Venn-diagram be drawn taking three
= 11 intersecting sets A, B and C under a
a +d + f = 18 Þ f = 7 \ d = 12 – 7 = 5 universal set U. This makes 8 regions a to h
13. (a) Since, A and B are subsets of set X therefore as shown.
A Í X and B Í X B
A
Consider {(A Ç (X – B)} È B
a b c
= ( A Ç B ') È B e
d f
= AÈ B (Q B 'Ç B = B ) g
14. (a) C h U
F
f b H A has regions a, b, d, e
a
g B has regions b, c, e, f
e d
c C has regions d, e, f, g
B C' has regions a, b, c, h
a + e + f + g = 285, b + d + f + g = 195 B' has regions a, d, g, h
c + d + e + f = 115, e + g = 45, f + g = 70, d + g Statement (a) : A È (B – C) = A Ç (B Ç C)
= 50 LHS º (a, b, e, d) È b, c º a, b, c, d, e.
a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 500 – 50 = 450 RHS º a, b, d, e Ç e, f º e,
We obtain, So, statement (a) is not correct.
a + f = 240, b + d = 125, c + e = 65 Statement (b) : A – (B È C) = (A Ç B') Ç C'
a + e = 215, b + f = 145; b + c + d = 165 LHS º (a, b, d, e) – (b, c, d, e, f, g) º a.
a + c + e = 255; a + b + f = 335 RHS º (a, b, d, e Ç a, d, g, h) Ç (a, b, c, h) º a,
Solving we get So, statement (b) is correct.
b = 95, c = 40, a = 190 , d = 30, e = 25, f = 50 and Correct statement is :
g = 20 A – (B È C) = (A Ç B') Ç C'
Desired quantity = a + b + c = 325 19. (b) Given that F(n) = set of all divisors of n
15. (d) Let A = {4n + 2 : n Î N} except 1
and B = {3n : n Î N} \ F(20) = {2, 4, 5, 10, 20}
Þ A = {6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, .....} and F(16) = {2, 4, 8, 16}
and B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, .....} \ F(20) Ç F(16) = {2, 4, 5, 10, 20} Ç {2, 4, 8 }
\ A Ç B = {6, 18, 30, 42, .....} = {2, 4}
= 6 + 12n – 12 = 12n – 6.
Also, {F(20) Ç F(16)} Í F(y)
Hence, A Ç B = {12n – 6 : n is a natural number}.
So, least value of y = 2
16. (a) Total number of persons = a + b + c + n = 100 20. (a) Since µ is universal set
and P Í µ, P – µ = f and µ – P = P'
So, (P – µ) È (µ – P) = f È P' = P'
Now, P Ç {P – µ) È (µ – P)} = P Ç P' = f
21. (b) Let there be three non empty, non
overlapping sets; inside a universal set U.
This creates 8 regions marked as: a, b, c, d,
e, f, g, h.
U

Do not prefer fish b + n = 50

A a b c B
60 prefer chicken hence b + c = 60
e
Do not like fish and chicken is n = 10 d f
On solving these equations we will get a = 30, b
g
= 40, c = 20
The number of persons who prefer both fish and
C h
chicken is = c = 20

8 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Statement 1: A – (B – C) = (A – B) È C
LHS represent region a, RHS represents a,
d, g.
Hence, this is not correct.
Statement 2: A – (B È C)= (A – B) – C
LHS represents, region 'a' RHS also
represents a.
Hence, only statement 2 is correct.
22. (b) Total number of students = 500
Let H be the set showing number of students
who can speak Hindi = 475 and B be the set
showing number of students who can speak
Bengali = 200
So, n (H) = 475 and n (B) = 200 and given that
n (B È H) = 500
we have
n (B È H) = n (B) + n (H) – n (B Ç H)
Þ 500 = 200 + 475 – n (B Ç H)
so, n (B Ç H) = 175
Hence, persons who speak Hindi only = n (H)
– n (B Ç H)
= 475 – 175 = 300
23. (d) According to 'Distribution law' in set
theorry the given both statements are
wrong.
Statement 1 – Distribution law
Statement 2 – Distribution law
24. (c) n(C) = 20, n(B) = 50, n(C Ç B) = 10
Now n(C È B) = n(C ) + n( B ) - n(C Ç B )
= 20 + 50 – 10 = 60
Hence, required number of persons = 60%.
25. (b) Let U denote the set of surveyed students
and X denote the set of students taking apple
juice and Y denote the set of students taking
orange juice. Then,
n(U) = 400, n(X) = 100, n(Y) = 150
and n(X Ç Y) = 75
n(X È Y) = n(X) + n(Y) – n(X Ç Y)
= 100 + 150 – 75 = 175
\ 175 students were taking at least one juice.
n ( X ¢ Ç Y ¢ ) = n ( X È Y )¢ = n(U) – n(X È Y)
= 400 – 175 = 225
Hence, 225 students were taking neither apple
juice nor orange juice.
26. (c) We know that
[( A È B) Ç C ] ' = A 'Ç B 'È C '
27. (c) Let U be the set of all consumers who
were questioned, A be the set of consumers
who liked product P1 and B be the set of
consumers who liked product P2.
It is given that n(U) = 2000, n(A) = 1720, n(B)
= 1450, n(A È B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A Ç B)
EBD_7588
= 1720 + 1450 – n(A Ç B)
= 3170 – n(A Ç B)
Since, A È B Í U \ n(A È B) £ n(U)
Þ 3170 – n(A Ç B) £ 2000
Þ 3170 – 2000 £ n(A Ç B)
Þ n(A Ç B) ³ 1170
Thus, the least value of n(A Ç B) is 1170.
Hence, the least number of consumers who
liked both the products is 1170.
28. (a) We know, for two sets A and B
A – B = A – (A Ç B)
\ n (A – B) = n (A) – n (A Ç B)
Given, n (A) = 115, n (B) = 326 and n (A – B)
= 47.
Þ 47 = 115 – n (A Ç B)
Þ n(A Ç B) = 68
Consider n (A È B) = n (A) + n (B) – n(A Ç B)
= 115 + 326 – 68 = 373
29. (b) Since (X È Y) has 60 elements, X has 38
elements and Y has 42 elements.
We know that (X È Y) = X + Y – X Ç Y
or 60 = 38 + 42 – (X Ç Y) or (X Ç Y) = 80 – 60 = 20
30. (d) We have
n (A È B È C) = n (A) + n (B) + n (C) –
n (A Ç B) – n(BÇC) – n (C Ç A) + n (AÇB Ç C)
= 10 +15 + 20 – 8 – 9 – n (C Ç A) + n (A Ç B ÇC)
= 28 – {n(C Ç A) – n (A Ç B Ç C)} ...(i)
Since n (C Ç A) ³ n (A Ç B Ç C)
We have n (C Ç A) – n (A Ç B Ç C) ³ 0 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii): n (A È B È C) £ 28 ...(iii)
Now, n(A È B) = n (A) +n (B) – n (A Ç B) = 10 +
15 – 8 = 17
and n (B È C) = n (B) + n (C) – n (B Ç C) = 15 +
20 – 9 = 26
Since, n (A È B È C) ³ n (AÈC) and
n (AÈBÈC) ³ n (BÈC), we have
n (AÈBÈC) ³ 17 and n (AÈBÈC) ³ 26
Hence n (AÈBÈC) ³ 26 ...(iv)
From (iii) and (iv) we obtain
26 £ n (AÈBÈC) £ 28
Also n (AÈBÈC) is a positive integer
\ n(AÈBÈC) = 26 or 27 or 28
31. (d) The given condition is as follows-
We know that {(a + d + e + g) + ( b + d + f + g) +
(c + e + f + g) } – ( d + e + f) – 2g = a + b + c + d +
e+f+g
Sets
or 61x + 46x + 29x – 25x – 2g = 97x
or 2g = 14x or g = 7x
32. (c) Numbers which are divisible by 5 are 5, 10,
15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75,
80 they are 16 in numbers. Now, Numbers
which are divisible by 7 are 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42,
49, 56, 63, 70, 77 they are 11 in numbers.
Also, total odd numbers = 40
Let C represents the students who opt. for
cricket, F for football and H for hockey.
\ we have n(C) = 40, n(F) = 16, n(H) = 11
Now, C Ç F = Odd numbers which are divisible
by 5.
CÇ H = Odd numbers which are divisible by 7.
F Ç H = Numbers which are divisible by both 5
and 7.
n(C Ç F), 8, n(C Ç H) = 6,
n(FÇ H) = 2, n (C Ç F Ç H) = 1
We Know
n(CÈFÈH) = n(C) + n(F) + n(H) – n(C Ç F)
– n(C Ç H) – n(F Ç H) + n(C Ç H Ç F)
n(CÈFÈH) = 67 – 16 + 1 = 52
\ n(C¢ Ç F¢ Ç H¢)
= Total students – n(C È F È H)
n(C¢ Ç F¢ Ç H¢)= 80 – 52 = 28
33. (b) Let n(P) = Number of teachers in Physics
n(M) = Number of teachers in Maths
n( P È M ) = n ( P ) + n ( M ) - n ( P Ç M )
20 = n(P) + 12 – 4 Þ n(P) = 12
Only Physic’s teacher = 8
34. (c) From the given condition n (M È F) = 15,
n(F) = 8, n(M Ç F) = 4
So, n(M È F) = n(M) + n(F) – n(M Ç F)
n(M) = n(M È F) + n(M Ç F) – n(F)
hence n(M) = 15 + 4 – 8 = 11
35. (d) P(f) is the power set of the set f.
\ Cardinality = P {P[P(f)]} = 4
36. (c) Given set is
{(a, b) : 2a 2 + 3b2 = 35, a, b Î Z }
We can see that, 2(±2)2 + 3(±3)2 = 35
and 2(±4)2 + 3(±1)2 = 35
\ (2, 3), (2, – 3), (–2, – 3), (–2, 3), (4, 1), (4, – 1),
(– 4, –1), (–4, 1) are 8 elements of the set . \ n = 8.
37. (c) If A is a subset of the universal set U,
then its complement A¢ is also a subset of U.
We have, A¢ = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
9
Hence, ( A¢ )¢ = {x : x Î U and x Ï A¢} = {1, 3,
5, 7, 9} = A
It is clear from the definition of the complement
that for any subset of the universal set U, we
have ( A ¢ )¢ = A
38. (a) Since, Power set is the collection of all the
subsets of the set A therefore
A U P (A) = P(A)
\ statement (1) is correct.
39. (a) Since, A and B are two disjoints therefore
A Ç B= f
\ A – B = A– ( A Ç B )
2 3
40. (a) Let A = {n : n Î N} and B = {n : n Î N}
A = {1, 4, 9, 16, .....}
and B = {1, 8, 27, 64, ......}
Now, A Ç B = {1} which is a finite set.
Also, A È B = {1, 4, 8, 9, 27, .....}
So, complement of A È B is infinite set.
Hence, A È B ¹ N
41. (d) Given, n (A) = 4, n (B) = 3
Since, the sets A and B are not known, then
cardinality of the set A D B cannot be
determined.
42. (d) N D NP = (N – Np) È (NP – N)
= {1, 2, ...} È {... – 2, – 1} = I – {0}
43. (a) From Venn-Euler’s Diagram.
(A È B) '
U
(A 'Ç B)
A B
\ (A È B) ' È (A 'Ç B) = A '
44. (b) In the given Venn diagram, shaded area
between sets P and Q is (P Ç Q) – R and shaded
area between P and R is (P Ç R) – Q. So, both
the shaded area is union of these two area and is
represented by ((P Ç Q) - R) È ((P Ç R) - Q).
45. (b) Let A = {1, 2}
B = {3, 4, 0}
C = {5, 6, 0}
D = {7, 8}
Such that (A Ç B) = (C Ç D) = f
Þ (A È C) = {1, 2, 5, 6, 0}
 EBD_7588
10 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Þ (B È D) = {3, 4, 7, 8, 0} No. of persons who invest in shares = 17
Þ (A È C) Ç (B È D) = {0} Therefore
So (A È C) and (B È D) are not always
n ( N È S ) = 32, n ( N ) = 30, n ( S ) = 17
disjoint
Þ (A Ç C) = f and (B Ç D) = f We know that,
So (A Ç C) and (B Ç D) are always disjoint. n( N È S ) = n( N ) + n (S ) - n ( N Ç S )
46. (c) If A Ì B and B Ì C, then these sets is
represented in Venn diagram as Þ 32 = 30 + 17 - n ( N Ç S )
È
C Þ n ( N Ç S ) = 47 - 32 = 15
B
A 55. (c) Both the statements are true.
II. n (S È T) = n(S) + n(T) – n(S Ç T)
= 720 + 450 – n(S Ç T)
Clearly, A È B = B = 1170 – n(S Ç T)
and BÇC=B Þ 1170 – n(S Ç T) £ n (U) Þ 1170 – n(S Ç T)
Hence, A È B = B Ç C. £ 1000
47. (c) Suppose a Î X and aÎA Þ aÎ X È A Þ Þ n(S Ç T) ³ 170
aÎ Y È A 56. (b) Let M = set of Mathematics teachers
Þ aÎ Y and aÎA (Q XÈA = YÈA) P = set of Physics teachers n(only Maths teacher)
= n(M) – n (M Ç P) = 12 – 4 = 8
Þ aÎYÇA Þ YÇA is non-empty Also, n(M È P) = n (only Math teachers)
This contradicts that YÇ A = f So, X = Y + n(Only Physics teachers) + n(M Ç P)
48. (a) A È P(A) = P(A) is correct. 20 = 8+ 4 + n (only Physics teachers) Þ n = 8.
Since A is a subset of its power set. 57. (d) n(A È B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A Ç B)
49. (c) For subsets A and B of U, = 12 + 9 – 4 = 17
If (A – B) È (B – A) = A, Now, n((A È B)C) = n(U) – n(A È B)
= 20 – 17 = 3
Þ B = f.
58. (b) n(A) = 40% of 10000 = 4000, n(B) = 2000,
50. (c) In the given Venn diagram shaded region is n(C) = 1000, n(A Ç B) = 500, n(B Ç C) = 300,
C È (C Ç A) È (C Ç B). n(C Ç A) = 400, n(A Ç B Ç C) = 200
51. (c) n (A' Ç B') = n (A È B)' = n (U) – n (A È B)
= n (U) – [n (A) + n (B) – n (A Ç B)]
\ ( ) {
n A Ç B Ç C = n A Ç ( B È C )¢ }
= 700 – [200 + 300 – 100] = 300 = n(A) – n{A Ç (B È C)}
52. (a) Let A º Set of Tamil speaking students and = n(A) – n(A Ç B) – n(A Ç C) + n(A Ç B Ç C)
B º Hindi speaking students = 4000 – 500 – 400 + 200 = 3300.
n (A) = 400, n (B) = 300 and n (A È B) = 600 59. (a) Given n(N) = 12, n(P) = 16, n(H) = 18, n(N È
n (A È B) = n (A) + n (B) – n (A Ç B) P È H) = 30
Þ n (A Ç B) = n (A) + n (B) – n (A È B) From, n(N È P È H) = n(N) + n(P) + n(H) – n(N Ç P)
= 400 + 300 – 600 = 100 – n(P Ç H) – n(N Ç H) + n(N Ç P Ç H)
53. (c) n (T) = 50 \ n(N Ç P) + n(P Ç H) + n(N Ç H) = 16
n (D) = 30 Now, number of pupils taking two subjects
n (H) = 40 =n(N Ç P) + n(P Ç H) + n(N Ç H) – 3n(N Ç P Ç H)
n(T) = n (D) + n(H) – n (DnH) = 16 – 0 = 16
50 = 30 + 40 – n (DÇH) 10
n (DÇH) = 70 –50 = 20 60. (c) I. U An is the set of first 10 prime numbers
Number of people having diabetes and high n =2
blood pressure = 20 = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
54. (b) Let N = National savings certificates II. n (A È B) = n(A) + n (B) – n(A Ç B)
S = Shares 50 = 28 + 32 – n(A Ç B)
Total no. of persons = 32 Þ n(A Ç B) = 60 – 50 = 10
No. of persons who invest in National
savings certificates = 30
 Relations and
2
Functions-I
8. If A = {a, b, c, d}, B = {1, 2, 3}, which of the
1. If R = { (x, y) : x, y Î I and x 2 + y 2 £ 4} is a
following sets of ordered pairs are not relations
relation in I, the domain of R is from A to B?
(a) {0, 1, 2} (b) {– 2, – 1, 0}
(a) {(a, 1), (a, 3)}
(c) {– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2} (d) I
(b) {(b, 1), (c, 2), (d, 1)}
2. If A = {8, 9, 10} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, then the
number of elements in A × A × B are (c) {(a, 2), (b, 3), (3, b)}
(a) 15 (b) 30 (c) 45 (d) 75 (d) {(a, 1), (b, 2), (c, 3)}
3. The Cartesian product of two sets P and Q, i.e., 9. Let A = {1, 2}, B = {3, 4}. Then, number of
P × Q = f, if subsets of A × B is
(a) either P or Q is the null set (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 18 (d) 16
(b) neither P nor Q is the null set
(c) Both (a) and (b) 10. Let R = {x | x Î N, x is a multiple of 3 and x £ 100}
(d) None of these S = {x | x Î N, x is a multiple of 5 and x £ 100}
4. The relation R defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by What is the number of elements in (R × S) Ç (S × R)
R= {(x, y) : | x2 – y2 | < 16} is given by (a) 36 (b) 33 (c) 20 (d) 6
(a) {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (2, 3)} 11. Suppose that the number of elements in set A
(b) {(2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (2, 4)}
is p, the number of elements in set B is q and
(c) {(3, 3), (3, 4), (5, 4), (4, 3), (3, 1)}
the number of elements in A × B is 7. Then
(d) None of these
p2 + q2 =
5. A relation R is defined over the set of non-
(a) 42 (b) 49 (c) 50 (d) 51
negative integers as xRy Þ x 2 + y2 = 36 what 12. Let A = {x Î W, the set of whole numbers and
is R? x < 3}, B = {x Î N, the set of natural numbers and
(a) {(0, 6)} 2 £ x < 4} and C = {3, 4}, then how many elements
(b) {(6,0)( 11,5), (3,3, 3) will ( A È B ) ´ C contain?
(c) {(6, 0)(0, 6)}
(d) ( 11,5), (2, 4 2), (5 11), (4 2, 2)} (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 12
6. The domain and range of the relation R given 13. A relation R is defined in the set Z of integers
6 as follows (x, y) Î R iff x2 + y2 = 9. Which of
by R = {(x, y) : y = x + ; where x, y Î N and
x the following is false?
x < 6} is (a) R = {(0, 3), (0, –3), (3, 0), (–3, 0)}
(a) {1, 2, 3}, {7, 5} (b) {1, 2}, {7, 5}
(b) Domain of R = {–3, 0, 3}
(c) {2, 3}, {5} (d) None of these
(c) Range of R = {–3, 0, 3}
7. If A = {1, 2}, B = {1, 3}, then (A × B) È (B × A) is
equal to (d) None of these
(a) {(1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (1, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2)} 14. The domain of the function x 2 - 5x + 6
(b) {(1, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3)}
(c) {(1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (1, 1)} + 2 x + 8 - x 2 is
(d) None of these (a) [2, 3] (b) [–2, 4]
(c) [–2, 2] È [3, 4] (d) [–2, 1] È [2, 4]
 EBD_7588
12 Mathematics Objective MCQs
15. Find the domain of 24. The domain of the function
æ æ 1 ö ö
f (x) = (0.625) 4 – 3 x – (1.6) x ( x + 8) f ( x ) = log 2 ç – log1/ 2 ç1 + 1/ 4 ÷ –1÷ is
è è x ø ø
(a) [–3, 2] (b) [1, 4] (a) (0, 1) (b) (0, 1] (c) [1, ¥) (d) (1, ¥)
(c) [2, 5] (d) [–4, –1]
16. The range of the function f (x) = x2 + 2x+ 2 is e x – e| x|
(a) (1, ¥ ) (b) (2, ¥ ) 25. The range of the function f (x) = is
e x + e| x|
(c) (0, ¥ ) (d) [1, ¥ )
17. Find the domain of the function

æ 2 1 2 x –1ö (a) (– ¥, ¥) (b) [0, 1)

f (x) = ç 2 – – ÷ (c) (– 1, 0] (d) (– 1, 1)
è x – x + 1 x + 1 x 3 + 1ø 26. Let f be a function on R given by f (x) = x2 and let
(a) (– ¥, 2] – {–1} (b) (–¥, 2) E = { x Î R : - 1 £ x £ 0} and
(c) ] –1, 2] (d) None of these F = {x Î R :0 £ x £ 1}
1 then which of the following is false?
18. The domain of f (x) = , 1, x 2 is: (a) f (E) = f (F)
2x ,1 (b) E Ç F Ì f (E) Ç f(F)
ù1 é (c) E È F Ì f (E) È f (F)
(a) ú ,1ê (b) [ – 1, ¥ [ (d) f (E Ç F) = {0}
úû 2 êë
(c) [ 1, ¥ [ (d) None of these If 3f(x) – f ç
æ 1 ö = log x4, then f(e–x) is
19. Which of the following relation is NOT a function?
27. ÷
èxø
(a) f = {(x, x) | x Î R} (b) g = {(x, 3) | x Î R} (a) 1+ x (b) 1/x (c) x (d) – x
1 x -x
2 +2
(c) h = { (n, ) | n Î I}(d) t = {(n, n2) | n Î N} 28. If f (x) = , then f (x + y). f (x – y) is equal to
n 2
20. The domain of two definition of the function f (x) 1
(a) [f (x + y) + f (x – y)]
is given by the equation 2x + 2y = 2 is 2
(a) 0 < x £ 1 (b) 0 £ x £ 1 1
(c) – ¥ < x £ 0 (d) – ¥ < x < 1 (b) [f (2x) + f (2y)]
2
1 1
21. The domain of the function f ( x) = is (c) [f (x + y) . f (x – y)]
x -x 2
(d) None of these
(a) (0, ¥ ) (b) (– ¥ , 0)
29. If f (x + 1) = x2 – 3x + 2, then f (x) is equal to:
(c) (– ¥ , ¥ ) – {0} (d) (– ¥ , ¥ ) (a) x2 – 5x – 6 (b) x2 + 5x – 6
22. If f (x) = 4x – x2, x Î R, then f (a + 1) – f (a – 1) is 2
(c) x + 5x + 6 (d) x2 – 5x + 6
equal to
(a) 2(4 – a) (b) 4(2 – a) 1
30. A function f is defined by f ( x) = x + . Consider
(c) 4(2 + a) (d) 2(4 + a) x
23. The domain of the function the following.
(1) (f(x))2 = f(x2) + 2
f (x) = x - 1 - x 2 is (2) (f(x))3 = f(x3) + 3f(x)
Which of the above is/are correct?
é 1 ù é 1 ù (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) ê -1, - úÈê ,1ú (b) [–1, 1]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
ë 2û ë 2 û
31. If f : R ® R is defined by f(x) = 3x + x , then
æ 1ù é 1 ö é 1 ù f (2x) – f (– x) – 6x =
(c) çè -¥, - ú È ê , + ¥÷ø (d) ê ,1ú (a) f (x) (b) 2f (x) (c) – f (x) (d) f (– x)
2û ë 2 ë 2 û
Relations and Functions-I 13

32. If f : ¡ ® ¡ & g: ¡ ® ¡ be two given f2(x) = f1(–x) for all x

functions, then f3(x) = – f2(x) for all x
2 min {f (x) – g(x), 0} equals f4(x) = f3(–x) for all x
(a) f (x) + g(x) – |g(x) – f (x)| Which of the following is necessarily true?
(b) f (x) + g(x) + |g(x) – f (x)|
(c) f (x) – g(x) + |g(x) – f (x)|
(d) f (x) – g(x) – |g(x) – f (x)|
33. A real valued function f (x) satisfies the functional (a) f4 (x) = f1(x) for all x
equation f (x – y) = f (x) f (y) – f (a – x) f (a + y) (b) f1 (x) = – f3(– x) for all x
where a is a given constant and f (0) = 1, f (2a – x) (c) f2 (– x) = f4(x) for all x
is equal to
(a) – f (x) (b) f (x) (d) f1 (x) + f3(x) = 0 for all x
(c) f (a) + f (a – x) (d) f (– x) 38. Consider the following statements.
34. Which of the following functions is even, Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {5, 7, 9}
I. A ´ B = B ´ A
(a) f (x) = 1 + x + x 2 – 1– x + x 2 II. n (A ´ B) = n (B ´ A)
Choose the correct option.
æ 1– x ö (a) Statement-I is true.
(b) f (x) = log ç
è 1 + x ÷ø (b) Statement-II is true.
(c) Both are true.
(
(c) f (x) = log x + 1 + x
2
) (d) Both are false.
39. Let R be a relation on N defined by x + 2y = 8. The
domain of R is
ex + e – x
(d) f (x) = (a) {2, 4, 8} (b) {2, 4, 6, 8}
2 (c) {2, 4, 6} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4}
x(x - p) x(x - q) 40. Consider the following statements.
35. f (x) = + , p ¹ q. What is the
q-p p -q I. If (a, 1), (b, 2) and (c, 1) are in A ´ B and n(A)
= 3, n (B) = 2, then A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2}
value of f (p) + f (q) ?
II. If A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4}, then A ´ (B Ç f)
(a) f (p – q) (b) f (p + q)
(c) f (p (p + q)) (d) f (q (p – q)) is equal to A ´ B.
36. Let f (x) be defined on [– 2, 2] and is given by Choose the correct option.
(a) Only I is true
ì –1, – 2 £ x £ 0 (b) Only II is true
f (x) = í , then f (|x|) is defined as
î x –1, 0 £ x £ 2 (c) Both are true
(d) Neither I nor II is true
ì1 – 2£ x £ 0 41. Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and Y = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, which
(a) f (|x|) = í
î1 - x, 0 < x £ 2 of the following is not relation from X to Y?
(b) f (|x|) = x – 1" x Î R (a) R1 ={(x, y) : y = x + 2, x Î X, y Î Y}
(b) R2 = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 3), (4, 3), (5, 5)}
ì – x –1, – 2 £ x £ 0 (c) R3 = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (3, 5), (3, 7), (5, 7)}
(c) f (|x|) = í x –1, 0 < x £ 2
î (d) R4 = {(1, 3), (2, 5), (2, 4), (7, 9)}
(d) None of these
42. Domain of definition of the function
ì x, 0 £ x £ 1 3
ï f ( x) = + log10 ( x 3 - x) , is
37. Let f1(x) = í1, x >1 4 - x2
ï0, otherwise
î (a) ( -1,0) È (1,2) È ( 2, ¥ ) (b) (a, 2)
(c) ( -1,0) È ( a,2) (d) (1,2) È (2, ¥ ) .
 EBD_7588
14 Mathematics Objective MCQs
2
43. The domain for which the functions f(x) = 2x – 1 (a) ( -¥, 2) È ( 3, ¥)
and g(x) = 1 – 3x is equal, i.e. f(x) = g(x), is
(b) (2, 3)
ì1 ü (c) ( -¥, 1) È (1, 2) È ( 2, ¥)
(a) {0, 2} (b) í , – 2ý
î 2 þ (d) None of these
52. The domain of the function f (x) = log3 +x(x2 – 1) is
ì 1 ü ì1 ü (a) (– 3, – 1) È (1, ¥)
(c) í – , 2ý (d) í , 2ý
î 2 þ î2 þ (b) [– 3, – 1) È [1, ¥)
44. The domain of the function (c) (– 3, – 2) È (– 2, – 1) È (1, ¥)
(d) [– 3, – 2) È (– 2, – 1) È [1, ¥)
f(x) = loge {sgn(9 – x2)} + [ x]3 - 4 [ x] (where 1
53. If f (x) = ,
[.] represents the greatest integer function) is ( x + 1)(e x –1)( x – 4)( x + 5)( x – 6)
then the domain of f (x) is
(a) (– ¥, – 5) È (– 1, 4) È (6, ¥)
(a) [–2, 1) È [2, 3) (b) [–4, 1) È [2, 3) (b) (– ¥, – 5) È (– 1, 0) È (0, 4) È (6, ¥)
(c) [4, 1) È [2, 3) (d) [2, 1) È [2, 3) (c) (– 5, – 1) È (0, 4) È (6, ¥)
(d) None of these
x +3 54. The domain of the function
45. The domain of the function f(x) = is
x +3
f ( x) = x14 - x11 + x 6 - x 3 + x 2 + 1 is
(a) {–3} (b) R – {–3}
(c) R – {3} (d) R
46. The domain of the real valued function
(a) (-¥, ¥) (b) [0, ¥)
f(x) = 5 – 4x – x 2 + x2 log(x + 4) is (c) (- ¥, 0] (d) R \ [0,1]
(a) (– 5, 1) (b) – 5 £ x and x ³ 1
(c) (– 4, 1] (d) f 55. The domain of the function
47. The domain and range of the function f given 2
by f(x) = 2 – |x – 5| is x 2 - 5x + 6 + 2 x + 8 - x is
(a) Domain = R+, Range = (–¥, 1] (a) [2, 3] (b) [–2, 4]
(b) Domain = R, Range = (–¥, 2] (c) [–2, 2] È [3, 4] (d) [–2, 1] È [2, 4]
(c) Domain = R, Range = (–¥, 2)
(d) Domain = R+, Range = (–¥, 2] 56. If f (x) = x and g (x) = | x |, then (f + g) (x) is equal to
log 2 ( x + 3) (a) 0 for all x Î R (b) 2x for all x Î R
48. The domain of F (x) = is
x2 + 3x + 2 ì2x,for x ³ 0 ì 0, for x ³ 0
(a) R – {– 1, – 2} (b) (– 2, ¥) (c) í (d) í
(c) R – {– 1, – 2 – 3} (d) (– 3 , ¥) – {– 1, – 2} î 0, for x < 0 î2x, for x < 0
1
49. Th e domain of the function f (x) = 57. Let f (x) = x, g(x) = and h(x) = f(x) g(x).
x
1 Then, h (x) = 1 if and only if
is : (a) x is a real number
| x – 2 | – ( x – 2)
(b) x is a rational number
(a) (– ¥, 2] (b) (2, ¥) (c) x is an irrational number
(c) (–¥, 2) (d) [2, ¥) (d) x is a non-zero real number
50. Find the range of f (x) = sgn(x2 – 2x + 3).
(a) {1, –1}
(c) {–1}
(b) {1}
(d) None of these
58.
(a)
(
The function f ( x ) = log x + x 2 + 1 , is
neither an even nor an odd function
)
51. ( 2
)
If log1/ 2 x - 5 x + 7 > 0 , then exhaustive (b)
(c)
an even function
an odd function
range of values of x is (d) a periodic function
Relations and Functions-I 15

ax 2 x
59. Let f (x) = , x ¹ -1. The value of a for which 66. Let f (x) = and ‘a’ be a real number. If x0 = a,
x +1 1- x
f (a) = a, (a ¹ 0) is x1 = f (x0), x2 = f (x1), x3 = f (x2)....... If x2009 = 1,
then the value of a is
1 1 1 1
(a) 1 - (b) (c) 1 + (d) -1 2009
a a a a (a) 0 (b)
60. If f (2x + 3y, 2x – 7y) = 20x, then f (x, y) equals 2010
(a) 7x – 3y (b) 7x + 3y 1 1
(c) (d)
(c) 3x – 7y (d) 3x + 7y 2009 2010
61. Which of the following functions are periodic? 67. If a function F is such that F(0) = 2, F(1) = 3,
(a) f (x) = log x, x > 0 (b) f (x) = ex, x Î R F (x + 2) = 2 F(x) – F(x + 1) for x ³ 0, then F(5) is
(c) f (x) = x – [x], x Î R (d) f (x) = x + [x], x Î R equal to
62. Let f (x) = [x], where [x] denotes the greatest (a) – 7 (b) – 3 (c) 17 (d) 13
in teger less than or equal to x. If 68. Which of the following statements is incorrect

a = 20112 + 2012, then the value of f (a) is

equal to (a) xsgn x = |x|
(a) 2010 (b) 2011 (c) 2012 (d) 2013 (b) |x| sgn x = x
63. If f and g are two functions defined as f (x) = x + 2, (c) x (sgn x) (sgn x) = x
x £ 0; g (x) = 3, x ³ 0, then the domain of f + g is (d) |x| (sgn x)3 = |x|
(a) {0} (b) [0, ¥) 69. If f (x) and g(x) are periodic functions with periods
(c) (– ¥, ¥) (d) (– ¥, 0) 7 and 11, respectively, then the period of
f (– a) æ xö æ xö
64. If f (x) = e – x, then is equal to F(x)= f (x) g çè ÷ø – g (x) f çè ÷ø is
f (b) 5 3
(a) f (a + b) (b) f (a – b) (a) 177 (b) 222 (c) 433 (d) 1155
(c) f (– a + b) (d) f (– a – b) 70. The graph of the function y = f(x) is symmetrical
x f (a) about the line x = 2, then
65. If f(x) = , then is equal to: (a) f ( x ) = - f (- x )
x ,1 f (a ∗ 1)
æ1 ö (b) f (2 + x ) = f (2 - x )
(a) f (a2) (b) f çç ÷÷
çè a ø÷ (c) f ( x ) = f ( - x)
é ,a ù f ( x + 2) = f ( x - 2)
(c) f(– a) (d) f ê ú (d)
êë a ,1úû

Answer KEYs
1 (c) 8 (c) 15 (d) 22 (b) 29 (d) 36 (c) 43 (b) 50 (b) 57 (d) 64 (d)
2 (c) 9 (d) 16 (d) 23 (d) 30 (c) 37 (b) 44 (a) 51 (b) 58 (c) 65 (a)
3 (a) 10 (a) 17 (a) 24 (a) 31 (a) 38 (b) 45 (b) 52 (c) 59 (c) 66 (d)
4 (d) 11 (c) 18 (a) 25 (c) 32 (d) 39 (c) 46 (c) 53 (c) 60 (b) 67 (d)
5 (c) 12 (b) 19 (c) 26 (c) 33 (a) 40 (a) 47 (b) 54 (a) 61 (c) 68 (d)
6 (a) 13 (d) 20 (d) 27 (d) 34 (d) 41 (d) 48 (d) 55 (c) 62 (b) 69 (d)
7 (a) 14 (c) 21 (b) 28 (b) 35 (b) 42 (a) 49 (c) 56 (c) 63 (a) 70 (b)
 EBD_7588
16 Mathematics Objective MCQs

8. (c) {(a, 1), (a, 3)} Í A × B \ This is a relation.

1. (c) x 2 + y 2 £ 4, represents all points interior {(b, 1), (c, 2), (d, 1)} Í A × B \ This is a relation.
(3, b) Ï A × B
to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 , hence - 2 £ x £ 2 \ {(a, 2), (b, 3), (3, b)} is not a relation from A to B.
(a, 1) (b, 2) (c, 3) is a relation from A to B.
and -2 £ y £ 2
9. (d) n(A) = 2 and n(B) = 2
\ integral values of x are –2, –1, 0, 1, 2
n(A × B) = n(A) × n(B) = 2 × 2 = 4
2. (c) n(A × B × C × .....) = n(A) × n(B) × n(C) ×
\ Number of subset of A × B = 2n(A × B)
.....
= 24 = 16
\ n(A × A × B) = n(A) × n(A) × n(B) = 3 ×
10. (a) Let R =
3 × 5 = 45 [Q n(A) = 3, n(B) = 5]
3. (a) If either P or Q is the null set, then P × Q { x : x Î N , x is a multiple of 3 and x £ 100}
will be an empty set, i.e. P × Q = f. and S =
4. (d) Here R = {(x, y) : | x2 – y2 | < 16 }
{ x : x Î N , x is a multiple of 5 and x £ 100}
and given A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
\ R = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, …, 99}
\ R = {(1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4); (2, 1) (2, 2) (2,3) (2, 4);
(3, 1); (3, 2) (3,3) (3, 4); (4, 1) (4,2) (4, 3); (4, 4), and S = {5, 10, 15, …, 95, 100}
(4, 5), (5, 4) (5, 5)} Now, (R × S) Ç (S × R) = (R Ç S) × (S Ç R)
5. (c) R is defined over the set of non negative = (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90) × (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90)
integers, \ Number of elements in (R × S) Ç (S × R)
x2 + y2 = 36 = 6 × 6 = 36
11. (c) n(A) = p, n(B) = q; n(A × B) = pq = 7
Þ y= 36 - x 2 = (6 - x)(6 + x), x = 0 or 6 So, possible values of p, q are 7, 1
for x = 0, y = 6 and for x = 6, y = 0 Þ p2 + q2 = (7)2 + (1)2 = 50.
So, y is 6 or 0 12. (b) We have
so, R = {(6, 0), (0, 6)} A = {0, 1, 2}
B = {2, 3}
6. (a) When x = 1, y = 7 Î N, so (1, 7) Î R
C = {3, 4}
When x = 2, y = 2 + 3 = 5 Î N, so (2, 5) Î R
Again for x = 3, y = 3 + 2 = 5 Î N, (3, 5) Î R A È B = {0, 1, 2, 3}

6 ( A È B ) ´ C = {(0, 3), (0, 4), (1, 3); (1, 4); (2, 3),
Similarly for x = 4, y = 4 + Ï N and for x = 5,
4 (2, 4), (3, 3); (3, 4)}
6
y = 5 + Ï N. Thus, R = {(1, 7), (2, 5), (3, 5)}
5
\ n éë( A È B ) ´ C ùû = 8
\ Domain of R = {1, 2, 3} and Range of 13. (d) x2 + y2 = 9 Þ y2 = 9 – x2
R = {7, 5}.
Þ y = ± 9 – x2
7. (a) A × B = {1, 2} × {1, 3} = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (2, 1),
(2, 3)} x=0Þy= ± 9–0 = ±3ÎZ
B × A = {1, 3} × {1, 2} = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (3, 1),
(3, 2)} x = ± 1 Þ y = ± 9 –1 = ± 8 Ï Z
\ (A × B) È (B × A)
x= ±2Þy= ± 9–4 = ± 5 ÏZ
= {(1, 1), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3), (1, 2), (3, 1), (3, 2)}
Relations and Functions-I 17

x=±3Þy= ± 9–9 = 0ÎZ 1

18. (a) Given, f(x) = - 1 - x 2 = p(x) – q(x)
2x - 1
x = ± 4 Þ y = ± 9 – 16 = ± –7 Ï Z and so
on. 1
where p(x) = and q(x) = 1- x 2
\ R = {(0, 3), (0, –3), (3, 0), (–3, 0)} 2x - 1
Domain of R = {x : (x, y) Î R} = {0, 3, –3} Now, Domain of p(x) exist when 2x – 1 ¹ 0
Range of R = {y : (x, y) Î R} = {3, –3, 0}.
1
14. (c) f (x) = ( x - 2) ( x - 3) + -( x - 4) ( x + 2)
Þ x= and 2x – 1 > 0
2
The first part is real outside (2, 3) and the second is 1 1 æ1 ö
real in [–2, 4] so that the domain is [–2, 2] È [3, 4]. Þ x= and x > \ x Î ç , ¥ ÷
2 2 è2 ø
15. (d) Clearly, (0.625)4–3x ³ (1.6)x(x + 8)
4 –3 x x( x + 8) and domain of q(x) exists when 1 - x 2 ³ 0
æ5ö æ8ö
or ç8÷ ³ç ÷
è ø è5ø Þ x 2 £ 1 Þ | x | £ 1 \ -1£ x £ 1
3x – 4 x( x + 8)
æ8ö æ8ö
Common domain is ùú ,1 éê
or ç ÷ ³ç ÷ 1
5 \
è ø è5ø û2 ë
or 3x – 4 ³ x + 8x or x2 + 5x + 4 £ 0 or –4 £ x £ –1
2
19. (c) If n = 0, then h (n) is not defined, so, ‘h’ is
Hence, the domain of function f(x) is xÎ[–4, –1]
not a function. All other are functions.
16. (d) Let f(x) = y = x2 + 2x + 2 = (x + 1)2 + 1
20. (d) We have, 2x + 2y = 2 Þ2y = 2 – 2x
y – 1 = (x + 1)2 Þ x + 1 = y -1 Þ y = log2(2 – 2x) Þ 2 – 2x > 0 (\ y is real)
Þ 2x < 2 Þ 2x – 1 < 1 Þ x – 1 < 0 Þ x < 1
x = y - 1 -1 Þ–¥< x< 1
Since, y – 1 ³ 0 \ y ³ 1 1
\ range is [1, ¥). 21. (b) f ( x) = , define if | x | – x > 0
x -x
æ 2 1 2 x –1ö
17. (a) f (x) = ç 2 – – 3 ÷ Þ | x | > x, Þ x < 0 Hence domain of f(x) is (– ¥ , 0)
è x – x + 1 x + 1 x + 1ø
22. (b) f (x) = 4x – x2
2 1 2 x –1 Þ f (a + 1) – f (a – 1) = {4(a + 1) – (a + 1)2}
We must have – – 3 ³0 –{4(a – 1) – (a – 1)2}
2
x – x +1 x +1 x +1
= 8 – {(a + 1)2 – (a – 1)2} = 8 – 4a = 4(2 – a)
2( x + 1) – ( x 2 – x + 1) – (2 x –1) 23. (d) For f (x) to be defined, we must have
or ³0
( x + 1)( x 2 – x + 1) 2 2
x - 1 - x 2 ³ 0 or x ³ 1 - x > 0 or x ³ 1 – x
2

2
– ( x – x – 2) 1
or ³0 or x ³
2
.
( x + 1)( x 2 – x + 1) 2
– ( x – 2) ( x + 1) Also, 1 – x2 ³ 0 or x2 £ 1.
or ³0
( x + 1)( x 2 – x + 1) 1 æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
Now, x ³
2
Þ çx- ÷ çx+ ÷ ³0
2 è 2ø è 2ø
2– x
or ³ 0, where x ¹ – 1 1 1
2
x – x +1 Þ x£- or x³
or 2 – x ³ 0, x ¹ – 1 (as x2 – x + 1 > 0 " x Î R) 2 2
or x £ 2, x ¹ – 1 Also, x2 £ 1 Þ (x – 1) ( x + 1) £ 0 Þ –1 £ x £ 1
Hence, domain of the function is (– ¥, – 1) È (– 1, 2].
or (– ¥, 2] – {–1} 1 é 1 ù
Thus, x > 0, x ³
2
and x2 £ 1 Þ x Î ê ,1ú
2 ë 2 û
 EBD_7588
18 Mathematics Objective MCQs
æ 1 ö 28. (b) f (x + y). f (x – y)
24. (a) f (x) is defined if – log1/2 çè 1 + 1/ 4 ÷ø –1 > 0
x
2 x+ y + 2- x- y 2 x- y + 2- x+ y
æ 1 ö = .
Þ log1/2 çè 1 + 1/ 4 ÷ø < –1 2 2
x
2 2 x + 2 2 y + 2 -2 x + 2 -2 y
–1 =
1 æ 1ö 2´2
Þ 1+ >ç ÷
x1/ 4 è 2 ø 1 é 22 x + 2-2 x 22 y + 2-2 y ù
1 = ê + ú
Þ >1 Þ 0<x<1 2 êë 2 2 úû
1/ 4
x
ì0, x³0 1
e x – e| x| ï x –x = [f (2x) + f (2y)]
25. (c) f (x) = = íe – e 2
e x + e| x| ï x – x , x<0
îe + e 29. (d) Given function is :
Clearly, f (x) is identically zero if x ³ 0 (1) f (x + 1) = x2 – 3x + 2
ex – e– x 1+ y This function is valid for all real values of x. So,
If x < 0, let y = f (x) = or e2x = 1– y putting x – 1 in place of x, we get
e x + e– x
Q x < 0; e2x < 1 or 0 < e2x < 1 f (x) = f (x – 1 + 1) Þ f (x) = (x – 1)2 – 3(x – 1) + 2
1+ y 1+ y Þ f (x) = x2 – 2x + 1 – 3x + 3 + 2
1+ y
\ 0< < 1 or > 0 and <1 Þ f (x) = x2 – 5x + 6
1– y 1– y 1– y
1
or (y + 1)(y – 1) < 0 and
2y
<0 30. (c) f ( x2 ) + 2 = x2 + +2
1– y x2
i.e., – 1 < y < 1 and y < 0 or y > 1 2
or – 1 < y < 0 (2) æ 1ö
= ç x + ÷ = { f ( x)}2
26. (c) We have –1 £ x £ 0 Þ 0 £ x2 £ 1 ....(i) è xø
and 0 £ x £ 1 Þ 0 £ x2 £ 1 ...(ii)
\ E = { x Î R : – 1 £ x £ 0} and f (x3 ) + 3 f ( x)
Þ f (E) = { x Î R : 0 £ x £ 1} from(i)
3 1 æ 1ö
Also F = { x Î R : 0 £ x £ 1} = x + 3 + 3ç x + ÷
x è xø
Þ f ( F ) = { x Î R : 0 £ x £ 1} from (ii)
Hence, f (E) = f (F) 3
æ 1ö 3
Again E Ç F = {0} Ì f (E) Ç f (F) = ç x + ÷ = { f ( x)}
[Since f (E) = f (F) \ f(E) Ç f(F) = f(E) = f(F)] è xø
Also E Ç F = {0} Þ f (EÇ F) = {0} Thus, both 1 and 2 are correct.
Next, E È F = { x Î R : –1 £ x £ 1} 31. (a) f ( x) = 3x+ | x |
and f (E) È f (F) = { x Î R : 0 £ x £ 1} \ f (2x) - f (- x) - 6 x =
\ E È F Ì f (E) È f (F) 6 x + | 2 x | -3( - x) - | - x | -6 x
æ 1ö 1 = 3x + 2 | x | - | x | = 3x+ | x |= f ( x)
27. (d) 3 f ( x) - f ç ÷ = log x 4 ; x º
è xø x 32. (d) f : ¡ ® ¡ , g; ¡ ® ¡
4 We know that min. {f1(x), f2(x)}
æ 1ö æ 1ö
3 + ç ÷ - f ( x) = log ç ÷
è xø è xø ( f1( x) + f 2 ( x )) - | f1( x) - f2 ( x) |
=
After solving we get f(x) = log x 2
f (e - x ) = log e e - x = - x \ min {f(x) – g(x), 0}
Relations and Functions-I 19

( f ( x ) - g ( x ) + 0) - | f ( x) - g ( x) - 0 | q(q - p) q(p - q)
= and f (q) = + =q
2 q-p (p - q)
Þ f (q) = q
( f ( x ) - g ( x)) - | f ( x ) - g ( x) |
= Putting x = (p + q)
2
33. (a) f (2a – x) = f (a – (x – a)) = f (a) f (x – a) – f (0)
(p + q)(p + q - p) (p + q)(p + q - q)
f (x) = f (a) f (x –a) – f (x) = – f (x) f (p + q) = +
(q - p) (p - q)
[Q x = 0, y = 0, f (0) = f 2 (0) - f 2 (a)
(p + q)q (p + q)(p) pq + q 2 - p 2 - pq
Þ f 2 (a) = 0 = + =
(q - p) (p - q) (q - p)
Þ f (a) = 0] Þ f (2a - x) = - f ( x )
34. (d) q 2 - p2 (q - p)(q + p)
= = = p + q = f (q) + f (p)
q-p (q - p)
f (–x) = 1 + (– x ) + (– x) 2 – 1 – (– x) + (– x ) 2
So, f (p) + f (q) = f (p + q)
= 1– x + x 2 – 1 + x + x 2 = – f (x) ì–1, – 2 £ x £ 0
36. (c) We have f (x) = í
Hence, f (x) is odd. îx –1,0 £ x £ 2
æ 1+ x ö ì –1, – 2 £ | x | £ 0
ì 1– (– x) ü f (|x|) = í Þ f (|x|) = |x| – 1, 0 £ |x|£ 2
(b) f (– x) = log í ý = log çè 1– x ÷ø = – f (x) î| x | –1, 0 £ | x | £ 2
î1 + (– x) þ (as – 2 £ |x| £ 0 is not possible)
Hence, f (x) is odd.
ì – x –1, – 2 £ x £ 0
æ 2ö Þ f (|x|) = í x –1, 0 < x £ 2
(c) f (– x) = log ç – x + 1+ (- x) ÷ î
è ø y

ì (– x + 1 + x 2 )( x + 1+ x 2 ) ü
ï ï 1
= log í ý
2
ïî ( x + 1+ x ) ïþ 37. (b) x

æ ö y = f1 (x)
1 y
ç
= log ç ÷ = – f (x)
è x + 1 + x ÷ø
2
1
Hence, f (x) is odd. x
1 O
e – x + e – (– x ) e– x + ex
(d) f (– x) = = = f (x) y = f2 (x)
2 2 y
Hence, f (x) is even. –1
35. (b) In the definition of function x
O
x(x - p) x(p - q)
f (x) = + =p
q-p (p - q) y = f3 (x)
y
Putting p and q in place of x, we get
1
x
p(p - p) p(p - q)
f (p) = + =p
q-p (p - q) 1

Þ f (p) = p y = f4 (x)
 EBD_7588
20 Mathematics Objective MCQs
38. (b) A ´ B = {(1, 5), (1, 7), (1, 9), (2, 5), (2, 7), (2, 9), Þ [x] ³ – 2 or [x] lies between – 2 and 0
(3, 5), (3, 7), (3, 9), (4, 5), (4, 7), (4, 9)} i.e., [x] = – 2, – 1 or 0
Now, [x] ³ –2 Þ x ³ 2 ...(ii)
ì(5,1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) ü [x] = – 2 Þ – 2 £ x < –1; [x] = – 1 Þ – 1 £ x < 0
ï ï [x] = 0 Þ 0 £ x < 1 Hence [x] = – 2, – 1, 0
B ´ A = í(7,1), (7, 2), (7,3), (7, 4) ý Þ–2£x<1
ï(9,1) (9, 2), (9, 3), (9, 4) ï Hence Df = [–2, 1) È [2, 3).
î þ
45. (b) Here, f(x) is defined only when x + 3 ¹ 0,
A ´ B ¹ B ´ A but n(A ´ B) = n(B ´ A) = 12 i.e. when x ¹ –3 \ D(f) = R – {–3}.
39. (c) R be a relation on N defined by x + 2y = 8 2
\ R = {(2, 3); (4, 2); (6, 1)} 46. (c) f(x) = 5 – 4x – x 2 + x log(x + 4)
Hence, Domain of R = {2, 4, 6} Þ 5 – 4x – x2 ³ 0, x + 4 > 0
Þ (x + 5) (x – 1) £ 0, x > – 4
40. (a) I. A = Set of first elements = {a, b, c} Þ – 5 £ x £ 1, x > – 4 Þ – 4 < x £ 1.
B = Set of second elements = {1, 2} 47. (b) Given f(x) = 2 – |x – 5|
II. B Ç f = f \ A ´ f = f Domain of f(x) is defined for all real values of x.
41. (d) R1 is a relation from X to Y because R1 Í X × Y. Since, |x – 5| ³ 0 Þ – |x – 5| £ 0
R2 is a relation from X to Y because R2 Í X × Y. Þ 2 – |x – 5| £ 2 Þ f(x) £ 2
R3 is a relation from X to Y because R3 Í X × Y. Hence, range of f(x) is (–¥, 2].
R4 is not a relation from X to Y because (2, 4), (7, 9) log 2 ( x + 3)
Ï X × Y. 48. (d) We have, F(x) =
x2 + 3x + 2
3 3
42. (a) f ( x) = + log10 ( x - x) \ F(x) is defined if x + 3 > 0 and x2 + 3x + 2 ¹ 0
4 - x2 Þ F(x) is defined if x > – 3 and x ¹ – 1, – 2.
Þ Domain of F(x) = (– 3, ¥) – {– 1, – 2}
4 - x 2 ¹ 0; x3 - x > 0;
–
+ –
+ ì x – 2, x ³ 2
–1 1
49. (c) |x – 2| = í
î 2 – x, x < 2
0
x ¹ ± 4 and -1 < x < 0 or 1 < x < ¥
ì0, x ³ 2
\ D = ( -1, 0) È (1, ¥) - { }4
Þ |x – 2| – (x – 2) = í
î4 – 2 x, x < 2
D = ( -1, 0) È (1, 2) È (2, ¥). Þ given expression is defined for (– ¥, 2)
50. (b) x2 – 2x + 3 = (x – 1)2 + 1 > 0 " x Î R
43. (b) For f(x) = g(x) Þ 2x2 – 1 = 1 – 3x or f (x) = sgn (x2 – 2x + 3) = 1. Hence, the range
Þ 2x2 + 3x – 2 = 0 Þ 2x2 + 4x – x – 2 = 0 is {1}.
Þ 2x(x + 2) – 1(x + 2) = 0 Þ (x + 2) (2x – 1) = 0 51. (b) f(x) = log1/2 (x2 – 5x + 7) > 0 Þ x2 – 5x + 7 > 0
x2 – 5x + 7 < 1, x Î R Þ x2 – 5x + 6 < 0 Þ x Î (2, 3)
1 52. (c) f (x) is to be defined when x2 – 1 > 0 and 3 + x
Þ x = –2,
2 > 0 and 3 + x ¹ 1. i.e., x2 > 1 and x > – 3 and x ¹ – 2,
\ The domain for which the function i.e., x < – 1 or x > 1 and x > – 3 and x ¹ – 2
\ Df = (– 3, – 2) È (– 2, – 1) È (1, ¥)
ì 1ü
f(x) = g(x) is í –2, ý.
î 2þ 1
53. (c) f (x) =
44. (a) We have f (x) = log e {sgn(9 – x 2 )} + ( x + 1)(e x –1)( x – 4)( x + 5)( x – 6)
[ x]3 - 4 [ x ] f (x) is defined is (x + 1) (ex – 1)(x – 4)(x + 5)(x – 8)
We must have, sgn (9 – x2) > 0 Þ 9 – x2 > 0 >0
Þ x2 – 9 < 0 Þ (x – 3)(x + 3) < 0 Þ – 3 < x < 3 Hence, x Î (– 5, – 1) È (0, 4) È (6, ¥)
...(i) – + – + – +
Also [x]3 – 4[x] ³ 0 Þ [x]([x]2 – 4) ³ 0
Þ [x]([x] – 2)([x] + 2) ³ 0 –5 –1 0 4 6
Relations and Functions-I 21

54. (a) Given f ( x) = x14 - x11 + x6 - x3 + x 2 + 1 ax 2

59. (c) Given f (x) = , x ¹ – 1; f (a) = a
for f (x) to be defined, x +1

x14 - x11 + x6 - x3 + x2 + 1 ³ 0
aa 2 1
Case 1 : x ³ 1 = a Þ a = 1+ .
a +1 a
x14 - x11 + x6 - x3 + x 2 + 1
= ( x14 - x11 ) + ( x 6 - x 3 ) + ( x 2 + 1) > 0 60. (b) Let 2x + 3y = A and 2x – 7y = B
Case 2 : 0 £ x £ 1 Then, 7A + 3B = 20x \ f (A, B) = 7A + 3B
x - x + x - x + x +1
14 11 6 3 2
\ f (x, y) = 7x + 3y
= x14 {( x11 - x11 ) + ( x 3 - x 2 ) + 1 > 0 61. (c) f (x) = log x, is not periodic.; f (x) = ex, is not
{Q x11 - x 6 £ 0, x3 - x 2 £ 0 } periodic.
Case 3 : x < 0 f (x) = x – [x] = {x}, has period 1; f (x) = x + [x], is
x14 - x11 + x6 - x3 + x2 + 1 > 0 not periodic.
(Q x11 < 0, x3 < 0, x14 , x 6 , x 2 > 0)
Thus for all area, 62. (b) a = 20112 + 2012 = 2011.5 ;
x, x14 - x11 + x 6 - x3 + x 2 + 1 ³ 0 f(a) = [2011.5] = 2011
Hence the domain of f (x) = R = (-¥, ¥) 63. (a) D (f + g) = D( f ) Ç D(g)
55. (c) f (x) = ( x - 2) ( x - 3) + -( x - 4) ( x + 2) = (– ¥, 0] Ç [0, ¥) = {0}

The first part is real outside (2, 3) and the second is f (– a) ea

real in [–2, 4] so that the domain is [–2, 2] È [3, 4]. 64. (d) = – b = ea eb = ea + b = e – (– a – b)
f (b ) e
56. (c) Given functions are : f (x) = x and g (x) = |x|
= f (– a – b)
\ (f + g) (x) = f (x) + g (x) = x + |x|
According to definition of modulus function, x a
65. (a) Given f(x) = ; Then, f(a) =
x ,1 a ,1
ì x + x, x ³ 0 ì2x, x ³ 0
(f + g) (x) = í =í a ∗1
î x – x, x < 0 î 0, x < 0 and f(a + 1) =
a
57. (d) D(f) = R, D(g) = R – {0}
1 f (a) a a a2
\ D(h) = R – {0}and h(x) = f (x) g(x) = x × =1 So, < ´ = 2 < f (a 2 )
x f (a ∗ 1) a ,1 a ∗ 1 a ,1
\ h(x) = 1 if and only if x Î R – {0} x0 a
66. (d) x0 = a, x1 = f (x) = = ;
58. (c) f ( x ) = log( x + x + 1) 2 1 - x0 1 - a
a
x1 a
x2 = f ( x1 ) = = 1- a =
{ }
ìï - x 2 + x 2 + 1üï a
f ( - x ) = log - x + x 2 + 1 = log í ý 1 - x1 1 - 1 - 2a
ïî x + x 2 + 1 ïþ 1- a
a
\ x2009 = = 1 Þ 1 – 2009 a = a
= - log( x + x + 1) = - f ( x ) Þ f (x) is an odd
2
1 - 2009 a
function. 1
Þ a=
2010
 EBD_7588
22 Mathematics Objective MCQs

67. (d) We have, F(x + 2) = 2 F(x) – F(x + 1) ...... (i) 69. (d) The period of f (x) is 7. So, the period of f
x = 0 in (1) Þ F (2) = 2 F(0) – F(1) = 2(2) – 3 = 1 æ xö 7
çè ÷ø is = 21.
x = 1 in (1) Þ F (3) = 2 F(1) – F(2) = 2(3) – 1 = 5 3 1/ 3
x = 2 in (1) Þ F (4) = 2 F(2) – F(3) = 2(1) – 5 = – 3 æ xö
x = 3 in (1) Þ F (5) = 2 F(3) – F(4) = 2(5) – (– 3) = 13 The period of g (x) is 11. So, the period of g çè ÷ø is
5
\ The correct answer is (d). 11
68. (d) Checking the options = 55.
1/ 5
(a) LHS = x sgn x = x × (+ 1) = x if x > 0
æ xö
x × 0 = 0 if x = 0 Hence, T1 = period of f (x) g çè ÷ø = 7 × 55 = 385
5
x × (– 1) = – x if x < 0
æ xö
= |x| = RHS and T2 = period of g(x) f çè ÷ø = 11 × 21 = 231
3
Therefore, statement is correct.
\ Period of F(x) = LCM {T1, T2}
(b) LHS = |x| sgn x = (+ x) × (+ 1) = x if x > 0 = LCM {385, 231} = 7 × 11 × 3 × 5 = 1155
0 × 0 = 0 if x = 0 70. (b) Let us consider a graph symmetric with
(– x) × (– 1) = x if x < 0 respect to line x = 2 as shown in the figure.
Y
Therefore, statement is correct. –x x
(c) LHS = (x(sgn x)) × sgn x = |x| sgn x (from
(a)) = x (from (b)) = RHS
Therefore, statement is correct.
(d) LHS = (|x| sgn x) (sgn x)2 = x (sgn x)2 (from (b))
= |x| × (sgn x) (from (a)) x1 x2 X
=x (from (b)) x=2
¹ RHS From the figure
Therefore, statement is incorrect.
f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ), where x1 = 2 - x and x2 = 2 + x
\ f (2 - x) = f (2 + x )
 Trigonometric
3A
Functions
1 7. If (sec a + tan a ) (sec b + tan b ) (sec g + tan g )
1. If 0 < x < p and cos x + sin x = , then tan x is
2 = tan a tan b tan g , then expression
(sec a – tan a ) (sec b – tan b ) (sec g – tan g )
(a) (1 - 7 ) (b) (4 - 7 )
is equal to
4 3
(a) cot a cot b cot g
(4 + 7 ) (1 + 7 ) (b) tan a tan b tan g
(c) – (d)
3 4 (c) cot a + cot b + cot g
2. For which real values of x and y, the equation
(d) tan a + tan b + tan g
4 xy 8. If m = cos ecq - sin q and n = sec q - cos q, then
sec2 q = is possible ?
( x + y )2
m2 / 3 + n 2 / 3 =
(a) x = y (b) x > y (a) (mn)–2/3 (b) (mn)2/3
–1/3
(c) x < y (d) None of these (c) (mn) (d) (mn)1/3
3. The value of tan2 q sec2q (cot2q – cos2q) is 9. Which pairs of function is identical ?
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d)
2
(a) f ( x) = x2 , g ( x) = x
4. The expression
(b) f (x) = sin2x + cos2x ; g (x) = 1
n n
æ cos A + cos B ö æ sin A + sin B ö x
ç ÷ +ç ÷ = (c) f (x) = , g (x) = 1
è sin A - sin B ø è cos A - cos B ø x
(d) None of these
æA-Bö 10. What is the angle (in circular measure) between the
(a) 2 cot n ç ÷ if n is even
è 2 ø hour hand and the minute hand of a clock when the
time is half past 4 ?
(b) 0 if n is even
p p
æA-Bö (a) (b)
(c) 2 cot n ç ÷ if n is odd 3 4
è 2 ø p
(c) (d) None of these
(d) 3 if n is odd 6
2 2 11. If (1 + sina) (1 + sin b) (1 + sin g) = (1 – sina)
5. If 0 £ x £ p and 81sin x + 81cos x = 30, then x = (1 – sin b) (1 – sing) = k, then k is equal to :
(a) p / 6 (b) p / 2 (c) p / 4 (d) 3p / 4 (a) 2 cos a cos b cos g
(b) – cos a cos b cos g
6. The difference of two angles is 1°; the circular
(c) + cos a cos b cos g
measure of their sum is 1. What is the smaller angle (d) + 2 sin a sin b sin g
in circular measure ?
n n
é p ù 12. If pn = cos q + sin q , then pn - pn-2
é180 ù
(a)
ê p - 1ú
(b) ê1 - 180 ú = kpn-4 , where :
ë û ë û
1é p ù 1 é180 ù (a) k = 1 (b) k = - sin 2 q cos 2 q
(c) 1- (d) - 1ú
2 êë 180 úû 2 êë p û (c) k = sin 2 q (d) k = cos 2 q
 EBD_7588
24 Mathematics Objective MCQs
13. If sin q = 3 sin (q + 2a), then the value of 22. If a + b + g = p then the minimum value of
tan (q + a) + 2 tan a is
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) 0 cos A + cos B + cos C
14. What is cos 20° + cos 100° + cos 140° equal to ? (a) is zero
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1/2 (d) 0 (b) is positive
15. The value of (c) lies between – 2 and – 3
tan A + tan(60° + A) - tan(60° - A) is (d) is – 3
(a) tan 3A (b) 2 tan 3A 23. If xcos q + ysin q = z, then what is the value of
(c) 3 tan 3A (d) None of these (x sin q – y cos q)2 ?
16. Find the value of cot 5° cot 10° ..... cot 85°. (a) x 2 + y2 – z 2 (b) x 2 – y2 – z 2
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) –2
17. sin A + 2 sin 2A + sin 3A is equal to which of the (c) x 2 – y2 + z 2 (d) x 2 + y2 + z 2
following?
sin x – sin 3x
24. is equal to
2æAö sin 2 x – cos 2 x
1. 4 sin 2A cos ç ÷
è2ø (a) sin 2x (b) cos 2x
2 (c) tan 2x (d) None of these
æ A Aö
2. 2 sin 2A ç sin + cos ÷ 25. (1 – sinA + cos A)2 is equal to
è 2 2ø (a) 2 (1 – cosA) (1 + sin A)
æAö (b) 2 (1 – sin A) (1 + cos A)
3. 8 sin A cos A cos 2 ç ÷ (c) 2 (1 – cos A) (1 – sin A)
è2ø
(d) None of the above
Select the correct answer using the code given
below: 26. The expression
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only cos 6 x + 6 cos 4 x + 15 cos 2 x + 10
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 is equal to
cos 5 x + 5 cos 3 x + 10 cos x
18. What is the value of
(a) cos 2x (b) 2cos x
(c) cos 2 x (d) 1 + cos x.
æ π öæ 3π öæ 5π öæ 7π ö
ç 1+ cos 8 ÷ç1+ cos 8 ÷ç1+ cos 8 ÷ç 1+ cos 8 ÷ ? 5 –1
è øè øè øè ø 27. If sin 180 = , then what is the value of
4
1 1 1
(a) (b) + sin 81° ?
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 3+ 5 + 5 – 5
– (a)
(c) (d) 4
2 2 2 8
cot 224° - cot134° 3+ 5 + 5+ 5
19. What is equal to ? (b)
cot 226° + cot 316° 4
(a) – cosec 88° (b) – cosec 2°
(c) – cosec 44° (d) – cosec 46° 3– 5 + 5– 5
20. If an angle B is complement of an angle A, what (c)
4
are the greatest and least values of cos A cos B
respectively ? 3+ 5 - 5- 5
(d)
1
(a) 0, - 1 (b) , -1 4
2 2 28. If A and B are positive acute angles satisfying
1 1 3 sin A 2 cos B
(c) 1, 0 (d) ,- 3 cos 2 A + 2 cos 2 B = 4 and = .
2 2 sin B cos A
21. Value of 2(sin 6 q + cos 6 q) Then the value of A + 2B is equal to :
– 3(sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1 is : p p p p
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 6 6 2 3 4
Trigonometric Functions 25
29. What is sin2 (3p) + cos2 (4p) + tan2 (5p) equal to ? x x
3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 37. Period of the function sin + cos5 is :
30. The value of 2 5
sin 8x + 7 sin 6 x + 18 sin 4 x + 12 sin 2 x
(a) 2 p (b) 10 p (c) 8 p (d) 5 p
is equal to 38. On simplifying
sin 7 x + 6 sin 5x + 12 sin 3x
(a) 2 cos x (b) cos x sin 3 A + sin 3A cos3 A - cos 3A
(c) 2 sin x (d) sin x + , we get
sin A cos A
1 – tan 20 cot 620 (a) sin3A (b) cos3A
31. What is equal to? (c) sin A + cos A (d) 3
tan1520 – cot 880
39. Which of the following functions has period 2 p ?
(a) 3 (b) – 3 æ pö æ pö
(a) y = sin ç 2pt + ÷ + 2sin ç3pt + ÷ + 3sin5pt
(c) 2 –1 (d) 1 – 2 è 3ø è 4ø
32. Three expressions are given below :
(b) p p
Q1 = sin (A + B) + sin (B + C) + sin (C + A) y = sin t + sin t
Q2 = cos (A – B) + cos (B – C) + cos (C – A) 3 4
Q3 = sin A (cos B + cos C) + sin B (cos C + cos A) + (c) y = sin t + cos 2t
sin C (cos A + cos B) (d) None of these
Which one of the following is correct ? 40. If sin x + sin y = a and cos x + cos y = b, then
(a) Q1 = Q2 æ x + yö æ x - y ö is equal to
tan 2 ç + tan 2 ç
(b) Q2 = Q3 è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø
(c) Q1 = Q3
(d) All the expressions are different a 4 + b4 + 4b2 a 4 - b 4 + 4b 2
(a) (b)
33. If A = (cos12°- cos36°)(sin 96°+ sin 24°) and a 2 b2 + b4 a 2 b2 + b4
B = (sin 60°- sin12°)(cos 48°- cos 72°), t h e n a 4 - b4 + 4a 2
(c) (d) None of the above
A a 2 b2 + a 4
what is equal to?
B 1° 1°
41. What is sin 2 66 - sin 2 23 equal to ?
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 2 2
12 æ pö (a) sin 47° (b) cos 47°
34. If sin q = ç 0 < q < ÷ø and (c) 2 sin 47° (d) 2 cos 47°
13 è 2
cos7 x - cos3 x
3 æ 3p ö 42. What is equal to ?
cos f = - , ç p < f < ÷ sin 7 x - 2sin 5x + sin 3x
5 è 2ø (a) tan x (b) cot x
Then sin(q + f) will be (c) tan 2x (d) cot 2x
43. Let x + y = 3 - cos 4q and x - y = 4sin 2q then
-56 -56 1 the greatest of xy is
(a) (b) (c) (d) – 56
61 65 65
3 1
35. The value of sin 2 5° + sin2 10° + sin2 15° + sin2 (a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 2
20° +....+ sin2 90° is 4 2
44. In a triangle ABC, sin A – cos B = cos C, then
19 what is B equal to ?
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d)
2 (a) p (b) p 3 (c) p 2 (d) p 4
5
x sgn x 9
36. f (x) = (sin x7) · e is sin( x + y ) a + b
45. If = , then what is tan x equal to?
(a) an even function sin( x - y ) a - b tan y
(b) an odd function b a
(c) neither even nor odd (a) (b) (c) ab (d) 1
a b
(d) None of these
 EBD_7588
26 Mathematics Objective MCQs
46. If sin A sin (60° – A) sin (60° + A) = k sin 3A, then
what is k equal to ? 55. The equation sin4 x - (k + 2)sin 2 x -(k + 3) = 0
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 (c) 1 (d) 4 possesses a solution if
(a) k > – 3
47. The line y = 3 meets the graph y = tan x, where (b) k < –2
æ pö (c) -3 £ k £ -2
x Îç 0, ÷ , in k points. What is k equal to? (d) k is any positive integer
è 2ø
56. Let n be a fixed positive integer such that
(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Infinity æ p ö æ p ö n
sinç ÷ + cos ç ÷ = , then :
48. If sin (p cos x) = cos (p sin x), then what is one of è 2n ø è 2n ø 2
the values of sin 2x ? (a) n = 4 (b) n = 5
1 1 3 (c) n = 6 (d) None of these
(a) - (b) - (c) - (d) – 1
4 2 4 57. 2sin 2 x + sin2 2 x = 2, -p < x < p , then x =
49. The number of solution of tan x + sec x = 2cos x
p p
in (0, 2 p ) is (a) ± (b) ±
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1 6 4
50. If cos q + cos 2q + cos 3q = 0 , then the general 3p
value of q is : (c) ± (d) None of these
2
(a) q =2mp ± 2p / 3 58. The number of solutions of the equation
(b) q =2mp ± p / 4 æ px ö
n
sin çç ÷÷ = x 2 – 2 3 x + 4
(c) q =mp + (-1) 2p / 3 è2 3ø
(a) forms an empty set (b) is only one
(d) q =mp + ( -1)n p / 3 (c) is only two (d) is more than 2
51. Which one of the following is one of the 59. If 0 £ x £ 2p , then number of roots of equation
solutions of the equation of the equation
tan 2q. tan q = 1 ? e sin x - e - sin x = 4 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
(a) p 12 (b) p 6 (c) p 4 (d) p3 60. The least positive non-integral solution of the
52. General solution of the equation equation sin p( x 2 + x) = sin px 2 is
( 3 –1)sin q + ( 3 + 1) cos q = 2 is (a) rational
p p p (b) irrational of the form p
(a) 2np ± + (b) np + (–1)n
4 12 2 p -1
p p (c) irrational of the form , where p is an
(c) 2np ± – (d) None 4
4 12 odd integer
53. For what values of x is the equation 2 sin q
p +1
1 (d) irrational of the form , where p is an
= x + valid ? 4
x even integer
(a) x = ± 1 (b) All real values of x 3 1
(c) – 1< x < 1 (d) x > 1 and x < – 1 sin 2 x – sin x +
61. cos x 2 2 = 1, then possible values
54. The solution set of the system of equation of x :
x + y = 2p/3, cos x + cosy = 3/2, where x and y are
real, is p
(a) n p or 2np +
p 2
(a) x= – np, y = np p p
3 (b) n p or 2n p + or n p + (– 1) n , n ÎI
(b) f 2 6
p p
(c) x = np, y = – np (c) n p + (– 1) n , n Î I
3 6
(d) None of these (d) None of these
Trigonometric Functions 27

p p
æxö 1 (a) 2n p + (b) 2np +
62. The equation 2 cos 2 ç ÷. sin 2 x = x 2 + 2 , 2 3
è2ø x
p p
(c) np + (d) np +
p 2 3
0£x£ has
2 67. If cos 7q = cos q - sin 4q, then the general value
(a) one real solution of q is
(b) no solution np np p
(a) , + ( -1) n
(c) more than one real solution 6 3 18
(d) None of these np np p
(b) , + ( -1) n
63. The number of solutions of the equation 3 3 18
cos( p x - 4 ) cos( p x ) = 1 is np np p
(c) , ±
4 3 18
(a) >2 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
64. The least difference between the roots, in the np np p
(d) , + ( -1) n
4 3 18
æ pö
first quadrant ç 0 £ x £ ÷ , of the equation 68. Number of values of x which lie in [0, 2p] and
è 2ø
satisfy the equation
2
4 cos x (2 - 3 sin x ) + (cos 2x + 1) = 0 is æ x ö æ x ö
ç cos - 2sin x ÷ sin x +ç1+ sin - 2cos x ÷ cos x = 0
p p p p è 4 ø è 4 ø
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
6 4 3 2 69. The number of solutions of the equation
65. General solution of the equation 1 1
sin 5 x - cos 5 x = - (sin x ¹ cos x) is
2cot 2 q + 2 3 cot q + 4cos ec + 8 = 0 is cos x sin x
(a) 0 (b) 1
p p (c) infinite (d) None of these
(a) q = np ± , n Î I (b) np + , n Î I
6 6 1
70. Domain of the function f (x) = - 1 , is
p 11p sin x
(c) 2np + , n Î I (d) 2np + , nÎ I æ πö
6 6 (a) U çè 2nπ, 2nπ + 2÷ø (b) U [2nπ, (2n + 1) π]
66. The general solution of the equation nÎI nÎI

sin 50 x - cos 50 x = 1 is (c) U [(2n -1) π,2nπ] (d) None of these

nÎI

Answer KEYs
1 (c) 8 (a) 15 (c) 22 (d) 29 (b) 36 (b) 43 (b) 50 (a) 57 (b) 64 (a)
2 (a) 9 (b) 16 (a) 23 (a) 30 (a) 37 (b) 44 (c) 51 (b) 58 (b) 65 (d)
3 (b) 10 (b) 17 (c) 24 (d) 31 (b) 38 (d) 45 (b) 52 (a) 59 (a) 66 (b)
4 (a) 11 (c) 18 (d) 25 (b) 32 (c) 39 (c) 46 (a) 53 (a) 60 (a) 67 (d)
5 (a) 12 (b) 19 (b) 26 (b) 33 (c) 40 (b) 47 (a) 54 (b) 61 (c) 68 (a)
6 (c) 13 (d) 20 (d) 27 (a) 34 (b) 41 (b) 48 (c) 55 (c) 62 (b) 69 (a)
7 (a) 14 (d) 21 (b) 28 (b) 35 (d) 42 (b) 49 (b) 56 (c) 63 (c) 70 (b)
 EBD_7588
28 Mathematics Objective MCQs

(c) Given cos x + sin x =

1 1 æ A-Bö æ A-Bö
1. Þ 1 + sin 2 x = = cotn ç ÷ + (–1)n cotn ç ÷
2 4 è 2 ø è 2 ø
3
Þ sin 2 x = - , so x is obtuse and ì n æ A-Bö
4 ï2 cot ç ÷, if n is even
=í è 2 ø
2 tan x 3 ï0 , if n is odd
2
=- î
1 + tan x 4
2x 2x
2 5. (a) We have, 81sin + 81cos = 30
Þ 3 tan x + 8 tan x + 3 = 0
p
\
-8 ± 64 - 36 -4 ± 7 Now check by options, put x =
tan x = =- 6
6 3 2 2
p/6 p/6
then (81)sin + (81)cos = 30
-4 - 7
as tan x < 0 \ tan x =
3 Þ (81)1/ 4 + (81)3 / 4 = 30 Þ 30 = 30
4 xy 6. (c) Let the angles are a and b, then a – b = 1°
2. (a) Given equation, sec 2 q =
(x + y) 2 p
Þ a–b= is circular measure ...(i)
180°
Since range of sec q is ( -¥, - 1] È [1, ¥).
As given, a + b = 1 ...(ii)
4 xy On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get,
\ sec 2 q ³ 1 Þ ³1
( x + y )2 1é p ù 1é p ù
a = ê1 + and b = 1-
Þ (x + y)2 – 4xy £ 0 Þ x2 + y2 + 2xy – 4xy £ 0 2 ë 180° úû 2 ë 180° úû
ê
b is the smaller angle.
2
Þ (x – y)2 £ 0 But ( x - y ) </ 0 for any x, y Î R 1é p ù
Hence, smaller angle = 1-
\ (x – y)2 = 0 Þ x = y 2 êë 180° úû
3. (b) tan2 q sec2q ( cot2q – cos2q) 7. (a) (sec a + tan a) (sec b + tan b) (sec g + tan g)
= sec2 q (tan2q cot2q – tan2q cos2q) = tan a tan b tan g
æ sin 2 q ö Þ (sec2a – tan2a) (sec2b – tan2b) (sec2g – tan2g)
2
= sec q çç1 - cos 2 q ÷ = sec2 q (1 - sin 2 q) = tan a tan b tan g (sec a – tan a) (sec b – tan b)
2 ÷
è cos q ø (sec g – tan g)
= sec q. cos2q =1
2 Þ (sec a – tan a) (sec b – tan b) (sec g – tan g)
4. (a) The given expression = cota cotb cotg
8. (a) We have ,
n
æ æ A+ Bö æ A-Böö mn = (cos ec q - sin q)(sec q - cos q)
ç 2 cosç ÷ cos ç ÷÷
ç è 2 ø è 2 ø÷ æ 1 öæ 1 ö
=ç =ç - sin q ÷ç - cos q ÷
æ A+ Bö æ A-Bö ÷ sin q cos q
ç 2 cosç ÷ sin ç ÷÷ è øè ø
è è 2 ø è 2 øø
1 - sin 2 q 1 - cos 2 q
n
= ´
æ æ A+ Bö æ A-Böö sin q cos q
ç 2 sinç ÷ cosç ÷÷
+ç è 2 ø è 2 ø÷ cos 2 q sin 2 q
ç = ´ = sin q × cos q
æ A+ Bö æ B-Aö ÷ sin q cos q
ç 2 sinç ÷ sinç ÷÷
è è 2 ø è 2 øø
Trigonometric Functions 29

æ cos 2 q ö
2/3
æ sin 2 q ö
2/ 3 = - sin 2 q cos 2 q(cos n - 4 q + sin n - 4 q)
\m
2/3
+n 2/3
=ç ÷ +ç ÷
ç sin q ÷ ç cos q ÷ = - sin 2 q cos 2 qp n - 4 = kp n -4
è ø è ø
cos 4 / 3 q sin 4 / 3 q cos 2 q + sin 2 q Þ k = - sin 2 q cos 2 q
= + =
sin 2 / 3 q cos 2 / 3 q (sin q. cos q) 2 / 3 13. (d) sinq = 3sin(q + 2a) Þ sin(q + a – a) = 3sin
(q + a + a)
1 Þ sin(q + a) cosa – cos(q + a)sina
= = ( mn ) - 2 / 3
( mn ) 2 / 3 = 3sin(q + a) cosa + 3cos(q + a)sina
9. (b) For checking equal function Þ –2sin(q + a) cosa = 4 cos(q + a)sina
(a) Domain of f (x) = R but range = [0, ¥) - sin ( q+ a) 2sin a
Domain of g (x) = R, range = R Þ = Þ tan(q + a) + 2 tana = 0
cos ( q+a) cos a
Domain same but range is different so it is
not an equal function. 14. (d) cos 20° + cos100° + cos140°
(b) Domain of f (x) = R = (cos 140° + cos 20°) + cos 100°
Domain of g (x) = R
Domain and range both same so it is an æ 160° ö æ 120° ö
= 2cos çè ÷ .cos çè ÷ + cos100°
equal function. 2 ø 2 ø
(c) Domain of f (x) = R – {0}
Domain of g (x) =R 1
= 2.cos80°. + cos100°
Not equal function as domain is different. 2
10. (b) Angle traced by the hour hand in 12 hours
æ 180° ö æ 20° ö
= 360° = 2cos çè ÷ .cos çè ÷
2 ø 2 ø
9
Angle traced by it in 4 hr 30 min æç 4h + hrö÷ = hr
30 = 2 cos 90° . cos10°
è 60 ø 2 = 2 × 0 × cos 10° = 0
9 360 15. (c) The given expression
= ´ = 135°
2 12 é 3 + tanA ù é 3 - tanA ù
Angle traced by minute hand is 60° min = 360° = tanA + ê ú-ê ú
ë1 - 3tanA û ë1 + 3 tanA û
30
Angle traced by it in 30 min = ´ 360 = 180° 3
60 é 8tan A ù 9tanA - 3tan 3
= tan A + ê 2 ú
=
Required Angle = 180° – 135° = 45° ë1 - 3tan A û 2
1 - 3tan A
p p
Þ 45 × = radian (3 tan A - tan 3 A)
100 4 = 3. = 3 tan 3A
11. (c) If (1 + sin a) (1 + sin b) (1 + sin g) = k 1 - 3 tan 2 A
And (1 – sin a) (1 – sin b) (1 – sin g) = k 16. (a) cot5° cot10° ......... cot 85°
The the value of k2 = k.k. = cot 5° cot10°....cot(90° – 10°) cot (90° – 5°)
= (1 + sin a) (1 + sin b) (1 + sin g) (1 – sin a) = cot 5° cot 10°...... tan 10° tan 5°
(1 – sin b) (1 – sin g) = (tan 5° cot 5°) (tan 10° cot 10°)........
= (1 + sin a) (1 – sin a) (1 + sin b) (1 – sin b) = (1) (1) (1) ....... = 1
(1 + sin g) (1 – sin g) 17. (c) Let A = 30°
= (1 – sin2a) (1 – sin 2b) (1 – sin2g) Þ sin A + 2 sin 2A + sin 3A
Þ k2 = cos2a cos2b cos2 g = sin 30° + 2sin 60° + sin 90°
\ k = + cosa cos b cos g.
12. (b) 1 2 3 2 3+3
= + +1 =
pn - pn - 2 = (cosn q + sin n q) -(cos n - 2 q + sin n - 2 q) 2 2 2
(Q 2cos2A = 1 + cos 2A)
= cos n - 2 q(cos 2 q - 1) + sin n - 2 q(sin 2 q - 1) æ Aö
Now, 4 sin 2A cos2 ç ÷ = 2 sin 2A [1 + cosA]
= - sin 2 q cos n - 2 q - cos 2 q sin n - 2 q è 2ø
 EBD_7588
30 Mathematics Objective MCQs

2 3+3 cot 44° + cot46° tan 46° + tan 44°

= 2 sin 60° [1 + cos 30°] = = =
2 cot 46° - tan46° tan 44° - tan46°
Also, sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A & sin2A + cos2A =1 sin(46° + 44°)
2 = = – cosec 2°
é A Aù sin(44° - 46°)
2 sin 2A êsin + cos ú 20. (d) Since, A and B are complementary
ë 2 2û
angles, then A + B = 90°
é A A A Aù Now, cos A cos B = cos A cos (90° – A)
= 2sin 2A êsin 2 + cos 2 + 2sin cos ú
ë 2 2 2 2û 1
= cos A sin A = sin 2A
3 3 2
= 2sin2A[1 + sinA] = 2sin60°[1+ sin30°] = Since, – 1 £ sin 2A £ 1
2
1 1 1
æ Aö Hence, - £ sin 2A £ .
& 8 sin A cos A cos2 çè ÷ø 2 2 2
2 Thus, greatest and least values of cos A cos B
= 4 sin A cos A [1 + cos A]
= 4 sin 30° cos 30° [1+ cos 30°] 1 1
are and - .
2 2
2 3+3 21. (b) We have
=
2
2(sin 6 q + cos6 q) - 3(sin 4 q + cos4 q) + 1
é pù é 3p ù é 5p ùé cos7p ù
18. (d) ê1+ cos ú ê1 + cos ú ê1 + cos úê1 + = 2[(sin 2 q)3 + (cos2 q)3 ] - 3(sin 4 q + cos 4 q) + 1
ë 8 ûë 8 ûë 8 ûë 8 úû
We have, = 2[(sin 2 q + cos 2 q)(sin 4 q + cos 4 q - sin 2 q
7p é pù p 4 4
cos = cos ê p - ú = - cos cos2 q)] – 3 (sin q + cos q) + 1
8 ë 8û 8
4 4 2 2 4 4
5p é 3p ù 3p = [2sin q+ 2cos q- 2sin qcos q] -3sin q-3cos q+1
and cos = cos ê p - ú = - cos
8 ë 8 û 8 = -(sin 2 q + cos2 q)2 + 1 = – 12 + 1 = – 1 + 1 = 0
é pù é 3p ù é pù é 3p ù 22. (d) For all x, cos x ³ -1
\= ê1 + cos ú ê1 + cos ú ê1 - cos ú ê1 - cos ú \ cos A + cos B + cos C ³ -3 and equality
ë 8ûë 8 ûë 8ûë 8û
holds if
é pù é 3p ù p 3p cos A = cos B = cos C = – 1, which can be attained
= ê1 - cos2 ú ê1 - cos2 ú = sin 2 × sin 2 if A = p, B = p, C = – p
ë 8ûë 8û 8 8
23. (a) Here, z = x cos q + y sin q
1é p 3p ù
= ê 2sin 2 × 2sin 2 ú z 2 = x2 cos2 q + y 2 sin 2 q + 2 xy sin q cos q
4ë 8 8û
1 éæ pö æ 3p ö ù Þ 2 xy sin q cos q = z 2 - x 2 cos2 q - y 2 sin 2 q
= ç 1 - cos ÷ø çè1 - cos ÷ø ú
4 êëè 4 4 û Let, L = ( x sin q - y cos q) 2
æ 2 qö Þ L = x2 sin 2 q + y 2 cos2 q - 2 xy sin q cos q
çQ1 - cos q = 2sin ÷
è 2ø Þ L = x2 sin 2 q + y 2 cos 2 q - [ z 2 - x 2 cos2 q - y 2 sin 2 q]
1 éæ 1 öæ 1 öù 1 Þ L = x 2 [sin 2 q + cos2 q] + y 2 [sin 2 q + cos2 q] - z 2
= 1- ÷ø çè1 + ÷ú =
4 êëçè 2 2øû 8 Þ L = x2 + y 2 - z 2
cot 224° - cot134 ° sin x – sin 3 x sin 3 x – sin x
19. (b) 24. (d) =
cot 226° + cot 316 ° sin x – cos x cos 2 x – sin 2 x
2 2

cot (180° + 44°) - cot (180° - 46°) 3x + x 3x – x

= cot (180 + 46°) + cot (270° + 46)º 2 cos × sin 2 cos 2 x × sin x
2 2
= =
cos 2 x cos 2 x
= 2 sin x
Trigonometric Functions 31
2
25. (b) (1 – sin A + cos A) Now, cos (A + 2B) = cos A cos 2B – sin A sin 2B
= 1 + sin2 A + cos2 A – 2 sin A = cos A (3 sin 2 A) – sin A (3 sin A cos A) = 0
– 2 sin A . cos A + 2 cos A [using eqs. (1) and (2)]
= 2 – 2 sin A – 2 sin A cos A + 2 cos A
= 2(1 – sin A) + 2 cos A(1 – sin A) p
Þ A + 2B =
= 2(1 + cos A) (1 – sin A) 2
26. (b) The given expression can be written as 29. (b) sin 2 (3p) + cos2 (4p) + tan2 (5p)
(cos6x + cos4x) + 5(cos4x + cos2x) +10(cos2x +1) = sin 2 (3p) + cos2 (p + 3p) + tan2 (5p)
cos5x + 5cos3x +10cos x = (sin 2 (3p) + cos2 (3p)) + tan2 (2 × 2p + p)
2 cos 5 x cos x + 5.2 cos 3 x cos x + 10.2 cos2 x = 1 + tan2 p = sec2p = 1
= 30. (a) Numerator of given expression
cos5 x + 5cos 3x + 10 cos x
= (sin 8x + sin 6x ) + 6(sin 6x + sin 4x )
2 cos x(cos5 x + 5cos 3 x + 10 cos x )
= = 2 cos x +12(sin 4x + sin 2x)
cos5 x + 5cos 3 x + 10 cos x
= 2 sin 7x cos x + 12 sin 5x cos x + 24 sin 3x cos x
27. (a) = 2 cos x (sin 7 x + 6 sin 5x + 12 sin 3x)
Hence, given expression
2 cos x(sin 7 x + 6sin 5 x + 12sin 3 x)
4 = = 2 cos x
5 -1 (sin 7 x + 6sin 5 x + 12sin 3x)
31. (b)
18°
1 - tan 2° cot 62° 1 - tan 2° cot(90 - 28)°
x L= =
tan152° - cot 88° tan(180 - 28)° - cot(90 - 2)°
5 -1
Q sin18° =
4
1 - tan 2° tan 28° é1 - tan 2° tan 28° ù
ÞL= = -ê
( ) ú
2
2
x =4 - 2
5 -1 - tan 28° - tan 2° ë tan 2° + tan 28° û
1 1
Þ x = 10 + 2 5 ÞL=- =- =- 3
tan(2 + 28)° tan 30°
10 + 2 5
Þ cos 18° = é tan A + tan B ù
4
êQ tan( A + B ) = 1 - tan A tan B ú
10 + 2 5 ë û
Þ 2 cos 2 9 - 1 = 32. (c) We take Q3 first,
4
Q3 = sin A(cos B + cos C) + sin B(cos C + cos A)
10 + 2 5 + 4 + sin C(cos A + cos B)
cos 2 9 =
8 = sin A cos B + sin A cos C + sin B cos C + sin B cos A
4 + 10 + 2 5 + sin C cos A + sin C cos B
Þ sin 2 81 = = sin (A + B) + sin (B + C) + sin (C + A) = Q1
8
After squaring all the options available, we come Þ Q3 = Q1
to a conclusion that option (a) is correct. 33. (c) Given A = (cos 12° – cos 36°) (sin 96° + sin 24°)
28. (b) Given, 3 cos2A +2 cos2 B = 4 B = (sin 60° – sin 12°) (cos 48° – cos 72°)
Þ 2 cos 2 B - 1 = 4 - 3 cos 2 A - 1 A [-2sin 24° sin12°][2sin 60° cos 36°]
=
B [2cos 36° sin 24°][ -2sin 60° sin12°]
Þ cos 2B = 3 (1 - cos 2 A) = 3 sin A
2
...(1)
and 2 cos B sin B = 3 sin A cos A A
Þ =1
sin 2B = 3 sin A cos A ...(2) B
 EBD_7588
32 Mathematics Objective MCQs

34. (b) We have sin q =

12
13 Þ
3sin A - 3sin3 A -3cos A + 3cos A
+
(3
)
sin A cos A
æ 12 ö 5
2 = 3 – 3 sin2A – 3cos2A + 3
cos q = 1 - sin 2 q = 1 - ç ÷ = = 6 – 3 (cos2A + sin2A)
è 13 ø 13 = 6 – 3(1)
=3
-3 9 -4 39. (c) We have two functions f (x) and g(x) have
and cos f = , sin f = 1 - = ,
5 25 5 periods T1 and T2 respectively, then each of
é 3p ù f ( x) ± g(x) ; f (x).g(x); f (x)/g(x), provided g(x) = 0
êëQ p < f < 2 úû has period equal to the LCM of T1 and T2.
Now, we know that sin x or cos x has period 2p.
Now, sin(q + f) = sin q.cos f + cos q.sin f Hence period of y = sin t + cos 2 t is 2p.
40. (b) sinx + siny = a
æ 12 ö æ -3ö æ 5 ö æ -4 ö -36 20 -56
= çè ÷ø çè ÷ø + çè ÷ø çè ÷ø = - = æx+yö æx-yö
13 5 13 5 65 65 65 Þ 2sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷ =a ...(1)
è 2 ø è 2 ø
35. (d) sin25° + sin210° + sin215° + .......... + ......... +
cosx + cosy = b
sin275° + sin280° + sin285° + sin290°
Þ sin 25° + sin 210° + sin215° + ....... sin 2 æx+yö æx-yö
(90 – 15°) + sin2(90 – 10) + sin2(90 – 5) + 1 Þ 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷=b ...(2)
è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ sin25 + sin 210 + sin215° + ........ + cos215° dividing eq (1) & (2)
+ cos210° + cos25° + 1
Þ (1 + 1 + 1 + .... 8 times) + sin 245° + 1 æx+yö a
tan ç ÷=
1 19 è 2 ø b
Þ 8+ +1 = Squaring of eq (1) & (2) and adding -
2 2
æx-yö 2
36.
5
(b) f (x) = (sin x7) ex sgn x
9
4cos 2 ç ÷ =a +b
2
è 2 ø
sin x7 ® odd, sgn x9 ® odd, x5 ® odd
\ e x5 sgn x9 ® even æx-yö 4
sec 2 ç ÷=
\ f (x) = odd × even = odd è 2 ø a 2 + b2
again-
37. (b) Period of sinx = 2π
æx+yö 2æx-yö
Þ period of sin 3 x = 2π tan 2 ç ÷ + tan ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø
x
period of sin 3 x = π Þ period of sin3 = 2π æaö
2
2æx-yö
2 = ç ÷ + sec ç ÷ -1
èbø è 2 ø
period of cos5 x = 2π Þ period of cos5 x = π
a2 4
= + -1
2
5 x b a + b2
2
Þ period of cos = 5π
5 a 4 - b 4 + 4b 2
=
Thus required period = LCM of 2π & 5π = 10π a 2 b2 + b 4
1° 1°
sin3 A + sin 3A cos3 A - cos3A 41.
2
(b) sin2 66 - sin 23
38. (d) + 2 2
sin A cos A
2
é æ ö 1° ù
2 1°
3 é 3 ù = ê sin ç 90 ° - 23 ÷ ú - sin 23
sin A + 3sinA - 4sin A cos A - ë4cos A -3cosAû
3 3
ë è 2 øû 2
Þ +
sinA cosA 2 1° 1°
= cos 23 - sin 2 23
2 2
Trigonometric Functions 33

æ 1° ö
= cos 2 çè 23 ÷ø = cos 47°
[Q sin 2A = 2sin A.cos A]
2
æ B + Cö æ B - Cö
(Q cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A) and cos B + cos C = 2cos ç .cos ç
è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø
é æ 47 ö ù
= cos ê 2 ´ ç ÷ ú = cos 47º A A æ Aö æ B-Cö
ë è 2 øû Þ 2sin .cos = 2cos ç 90° - ÷ .cos ç ÷
2 2 è 2 ø è 2 ø
cos 7x - cos 3x
42. (b) é æ B + Cö Aù
sin 7x - 2 sin 5x + sin 3x êQ A + B + C = 180° Þ çè 2 ÷ø = 90° - 2 ú
ë û
7x + 3x 7x - 3x
-2sin .sin A A A æ B - Cö
2 2 Þ 2sin .cos = 2sin .cos ç
= 7x + 3x 7x - 3x 2 2 2 è 2 ÷ø
2sin .cos - 2 sin5x [Q cos (90° – q) = sin q]
2 2
A æ B - Cö
æ æ C + Dö æ C - Dö ö Þ cos = cos çè ÷
2 ø
çQ sin C + sin D = 2 sin çè 2 ÷ø .cos çè 2 ÷ø ÷ 2
ç ÷ A B-C
ç æ C + Dö æ C - Dö ÷ Þ =
çè and cos C - cos D = -2sin çè 2 ÷ø sin çè 2 ÷ø ÷ø 2 2
ÞA+ C = B ...(i)
Also, A + C = 180° – B ...(ii)
-2sin 5x.sin 2x So, 180° – B = B
=
2sin 5x cos 2x - 2sin 5x Þ 2B = 180° \ B = 90°
-2sin 5x.sin 2x sin(x + y) a + b
= 2sin 5x[1 cos 2x] 45. (b) =
- - sin(x - y) a - b
Applying componendo and dividendo, we get
sin 2x
= (Q cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin 2 x) sin(x ∗ y) ∗ sin(x , y) (a ∗ b) ∗ (a , b)
1 - 1 + 2sin 2 x <
sin(x ∗ y) , sin(x , y) (a ∗ b) , (a , b)
2sin x cos x
= = cot x 2sin x.cos y 2a a
2sin 2 x Þ < Þ tan x . cot y =
2 cos x.sin y 2b b
3 - cos 4q + 4sin 2q
43. (b) x= tan x a
2 \ <
tan y b
3 - (1 - sin 2 2q) + 4sin 2q 46. (a) sin A g sin (60° – A) sin (60° + A) = k sin 3A
= = (1 + sin 2q)2
2 sin 3A
Þ sin A. = k.sin 3A
3 - cos 4q - 4sin 2q 4 sin A
y=
2 é sin 3A ù
ê Q sin(60↓ ∗ A).sin(60↓ , A) < ú
êë 4sin A úû
3 - (1 - sin 2 2q) + 4sin 2q
= = (1 - sin 2q)2
2 sin 3A 1
Þ = k.sin 3A \ k =
2 2 4 4 4
\ xy = (1 - sin 2q) = cos 2q £ 1
44. (c) In a DABC, we have 47. (a) Line y < 3 and graph = y = tan x
sin A – cos B = cos C Þ sin A = cos B + cos C Now, we have 3 = tan x
A A Þ tan x = tan 60°
Þ 2sin .cos
2 2 é æ p öù
Þ x = 60° êQ x Î ç 0, 2 ÷ú
æ B + Cö æ B - Cö ë è øû
= 2cos çè ÷ .cos çè ÷
2 ø 2 ø Hence, one intersecting point is possible in the
given domain i.e., k = 1.
 EBD_7588
34 Mathematics Objective MCQs
48. (c) Given that : sin (p cos x) = cos (p sin x)
52. (a) Let 3 + 1 = r cos a, and 3 –1 = r sin a
æp ö
So, cos ç - p cos x ÷ = cos( p sin x)
( ) ( )
2 2
è2 ø \ r2 = 3 +1 + 3 – 1 = 8 i.e. a = p/12
p From the equation, r cos (q – a) = 2
Þ - p cos x = p sin x
2 Þ cos (q – p /12) = 1/ 2 = cos (p/4)
1 \ q = 2np ± p/4 + p/12
Þ sin x + cos x = 1
2 53. (a) Given : 2sinq = x +
Squaring both sides, we get x
1 We know that – 1 £ sin q < 1, – 2 £ 2sin q < 2
sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x =
4 1
So, – 2 £ x + < 2
1 3 x
Þ sin 2x = -1 = - Thus, the given equation is valid only if x = ± 1
4 4
3
54. (b) We have cos x + cos y =
49. (b) The given equation is tanx + secx = 2 cos x; 2
Þ sin x + 1 = 2cos2 x Þ sin x + 1 = 2(1 – sin2 x); æ x + yö æ x – yö 3
Þ 2sin2x + sin x – 1= 0; Þ 2 cos ç cos ç =
è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø 2
1
Þ (2sin x – 1)(sin x + 1) = 0 Þ sin x = , –1.;
2 æ x – y ö 3 æQ x + y = 2 p ö
Þ cos ç = ç ÷
Þ x = 30°, 150°, 270°. è 2 ÷ø 2 è 3ø
50. (a) Given cos q + cos 2q + cos 3q = 0 Which is not possible (as cos q £ 1)
Þ (cos 3q + cos q) + cos 2q = 0 Thus, the solution set is a null set.
Þ 2cos 2q.cos q + cos 2q = 0 55. (c) We have,
Þ cos 2q.(2 cos q + 1) = 0 sin 4 x - (k + 2) sin 2 x - (k + 3) = 0
we have, cos q = cos a Þ q = 2np ± a
\ For general value of q , cos 2q = 0 (k + 2) ± (k + 2) 2 + 4(k + 3)
Þ sin 2 x =
p 2
p
Þ cos 2q = cos Þ 2q = 2 m p ± (k + 2) ± (k + 4)
2 2 =
p or 2
Þ q = mp ± 2 cos q + 1 = 0 ;
4 Þ sin 2 x = k + 3 (Q sin2x = – 1 is not possible)
-1 2p
Þ cos q = Þ cos q = cos Since 0 £ sin 2 x £ 1, \ 0 £ k + 3 £ 1
2 3
or -3 £ k £ -2
2p
So, q = 2mp ± p p = 2 sin æ p + p ö
3 56. (c) sin + cos ç ÷
51. (b) tan 2q. tan q = 1 2n 2n è 4 2n ø
2 tan q n æp p ö
Þ .tan q = 1 Þ = 2 sin ç + ÷
1 - tan 2 q 2 è 4 2n ø
Þ 2 tan2 q = 1 – tan2 q Þ 3 tan2q = 1 So, for n > 1,
2
1 æ 1 ö n æp p ö p 1
Þ tan2 q = =ç ÷ = sin ç + ÷ > sin =
3 è 3ø 2 2 è 4 2n ø 4 2
æ pö Thus, n > 4
Þ tan2 q = tan2 (30°) = tan 2 çè ÷ø
6 æp p ö
Since, sin ç + ÷ < 1 for all n > 2, we get
é pù p è 4 2n ø
êëQ q = np ± 6 úû ; \ q = 6
Trigonometric Functions 35

n - 1 ± 1 + 8k
< 1 or n < 8, So that 4 < n < 8. By actual Þ 2x 2 + x - k = 0 Þ x =
2 2 4
verification we find that only n = 6 satisfies the For least positive non-integral solution
given relation. 1
2 is x = , when k = 1
57. (b) We have 1 - cos 2 x + 1 - cos 2 x = 2 2
or cos2 x(cos2 x + 1) = 0 \ cos 2 x = 0, -1, 61. (c) The equation holds if |cos x | = 1
i.e., if x = np, n Î I
æ 1ö
\ 2 x = ç n + ÷ p or (2n + 1)p 3 1
è 2ø If | cos x |¹ 1 then sin 2 x - sin x + = 0
p p 2 2
Þ x = (2n + 1) or (2n + 1)
4 2 1
Þ sin x = 1 or
Now, put n = -2, -1,0,1,21 2
-3p -p p 5p sin x ¹ 1, as in that case cos x = 0
\x= , , , and
4 4 4 4 1 n p
\ sin x = Þ x = np + (-1)
-3p -p p 3p 5p 2 6
, , , , 2 -2 -1 2
2 2 2 2 2 62. (b) Since x + x = ( x - x ) + 2 £ 2
Since -p £ x £ p , therefore,
x
p p 3p and 2 cos 2 sin 2 x £ 2,
x =± ,± ,± only.. 2
4 2 4 \ the given equation is valid only if
æ px ö 2 2 x
58. (b) sin ç ÷ = x - 2 3x + 4 = (x - 3) + 1 2 cos 2 sin 2 x = 2
è2 3ø 2
Q RHS ³ 1 so, the solution exists x
Û cos = cos ecx = 1, which cannot be true.
2
If and only if x - 3 = 0 Þ x = 3
and then equation is obviously satisfied 63. (c) Clearly, x ³ 4 (Since x - 4 is real) so that
59. (a) The given equation can be written as
x is also real.
sin x 1
e = 4+ ... (1) Again, if cos( p x ) < 1 then
e sin x
Now -1 £ sin x £ 1 and e < 3 cos( p x - 4 ) > 1 and if cos( p x ) > 1 , then
Þ e sin x < 3 cos( p x - 4 ) < 1 (since this product = 1).
1 But both of these are not possible (since cos q
Þ Again as we always have >0
e sin x cannot be greater than 1).
1 \ cos( p x - 4 ) = 1 and cos( p x ) = 1
\ 4+ >4
e sin x \ x - 4 = 0 or x = 0
Thus the L.H.S of (1) < 3 and R.H.S of (1) > 4. But x = 0 is not possible,
Hence there is no real values of x which satisfy (1). \ x = 4 is the only solution.
It follows that the given equation has no real 64. (a) We have,
solution.
4 cos x (2 - 3 sin 2 x ) + (cos 2x + 1) = 0
60. (a) We have, sin p( x 2 + x) = sin px 2
Þ 4 cos x (3 cos 2 x - 1) + 2 cos 2 x = 0
Þ p(x 2 + x ) = np + (-1) n px 2
Þ 2 cos x (6 cos 2 x + cos x - 2) = 0
2 2
\ Either x + x = 2m + x Þ x = 2m Î I
Þ 2 cos x (3 cos x + 2)(2 cos x - 1) = 0
or x 2 + x = k - x 2 , where k is an odd integer Þ either cos x = 0 which gives x = p / 2
 EBD_7588
36 Mathematics Objective MCQs

or cos x = -2 / 3 68. (a)

Which gives no value of x for which 0 £ x £ p / 2 æ x ö æ x ö
ç cos - 2sin x ÷ sin x + ç1 + sin - 2 cos x ÷ cos x =0
or cos x = 1 / 2 , which gives x = p / 3 è 4 ø è 4 ø
So, the required difference = p / 2 - p / 3 = p / 6
æ
è
x
4
xö
4ø
(
2 2
Þ ç sin x cos + cos x sin ÷ + cos x - 2 sin x + cos x =0 )
65. (d) 2cot 2 q + 2 3 cot q + 4cos ecq + 8 = 0 æ xö 5x
Þ sin ç x + ÷ + cos x - 2(1) = 0 Þ sin + cos x =2
è 4 ø 4
Þ cot 2 q + cos ec2q - 1+ 2 3 cot q+ 4cos ec q+ 8 = 0
5x
Þ sin = cos x = 1
(Q cot2 q=cos ec2 q -1) 4
5x 5x p 8np 2 p
Þ sin =1 Þ = 2n p + Þ x = +
2
( 2
) (
Þ cot q + 2 3 cot q + 3 + cos ec q + 4cos ecq + 4 = 0 ) 4 4 2 5 5
& cos x = 1 Þ x = 2m p
( )
2 2
Þ cot q + 3 + ( cos ecq + 2 ) = 0 8np 2 p 4n + 1
Thus we have + = 2m p Þ m =
5 5 5
Þ cot q = - 3 and cos ec q = - 2 \ n Î I, so m must be of the form m = 5k+1
Principal value of q satisfying both the equation is Hence the solution of the equation is
p 11p x = 2(5k + 1) p, k Î I
q = 2p - =
6 6 69. (a) The given equation can be written as
11p sin x - cos x
\ General solution is q = 2n p + , nÎI sin 5 x - cos 5 x =
6 sin x cos x
66. (b) We have, é sin 5 x - cos 5 x ù
Þ sin x cos x ê ú =1
sin 50 x - cos 50 x = 1 Þ sin 50 x = 1 + cos 50 x
ëê sin x - cos x ûú
Since sin 50 x £ 1 and 1 + cos 50 x ³ 1 therefore, 1
Þ sin 2 x[sin 4 x + sin 3 x cos x + sin 2 x cos 2 x
the two sides are equal only if 2
3 4
50
sin 50 x = 1 = 1 + cos 50 x i.e sin x = 1 and
+ sin x cos x + cos x] = 1
Þ sin 2x[(sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) 2 - 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
cos 50 x = 0
2 2 2 2
p + sin x cos x (sin x + cos x ) + sin x cos x ] = 2
\ x = 2np + , n Î I .
2 Þ sin 2x [1 - sin 2 x cos 2 x + sin x cos x] = 2
67. (d) é 1 1 ù
Þ sin 2 x ê1 - sin 2 2 x + sin 2 x ú = 2
cos 7q = cos q - sin 4q Þ sin 4q= cos q - cos 7q ë 4 2 û
Þ sin 4q = 2sin 4q sin 3q Þ sin 3 2x - 2 sin 2 2x - 4 sin 2 x + 8 = 0
Þ sin 4q (1 - 2sin 3q) = 0 Þ (sin 2x - 2) 2 (sin 2x + 2) = 0
1 Þ sin 2 x = ± 2,
\ sin 4q = 0 or sin 3q = which is not possible for any x.
2
1 1 - sin x
p 70. (b) -1 ³ 0 ; ³0
Þ 4q = np or 3q = np + (-1) n sin x sin x
6
sin x - 1
£ 0 Þ 0 < sin x £ 1
np np p sin x
Þ q= or + ( -1) n
4 3 18 Þ x Î U [2nπ, (2n + 1) π]
nÎI
 Properties of Triangles
3B
and Height & Distances
1. A, B, C are the angles of a triangle, then 8. In a DABC
sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C - 2 cos A cos Bcos C = (a + b + c)(b + c – a )(c + a – b)( a + b – c)
equals
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 4b2 c 2
2. If the radius of the circumcircle of isosceles (a) cos2 A (b) cos2 B
triangle ABC is equal to AB = AC, then the angle (c) sin A2 (d) sin2 B
A is : 9. Let D be the middle point of the side BC of a
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 120° triangle ABC. If the triangle ADC is equilateral,
3. In a DABC, if cos A = cos B = cos C , and the then a2 : b2 : c2 is equal to
a b c (a) 1 : 4 : 3 (b) 4 : 1 : 3
(c) 4 : 3 : 1 (d) 3 : 4 : 1
side a = 2, then are a of the triangle is
10. Each side of an equilateral triangle subtends an
3 angle of 60° at the top of a tower h m high located
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 3 at the centre of the triangle. If a is the length of
2
4. 2 2 2
In triangle ABC given 9a + 9b – 17c = 0.If each of side of the triangle, then
cot A + cot B m (a) 3a 2 = 2h 2 (b) 2a 2 = 3h 2
= , then the value of (m + n)
cot C n (c) a 2 = 3h 2 (d) 3a 2 = h2
equals 11. If in a D ABC, cosA sinB = sin C then the value
(a) 13 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9
5. If x, y and z are perpendiculars drawn on a, b and A
of tan , if 3b –5c = 0, is
2
bx cy az
c, respectively, then the value of + + 1
c a b (a) 0.5 (b) 0.75 (c) 0.33 (d)
will be 3
12. In a DABC; if 2D = a – (b – c) then value of tan A =
2 2
a 2 + b 2 + c2 a 2 + b 2 + c2
(a) (b) 4 4 8 4
2R R (a) – (b) (c) (d)
3 3 15 15
a 2 + b 2 + c2 2(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) sin A sin(A - B)
(c) (d) 13. In a D ABC, =
2 2 2
, then a , b , c
4R R sin C sin(B - C)
6. In a triangle ABC, c = 2, A = 45°, a = 2 2, than are such that
what is C equal to ? a 2 c2
(a) 30° (b) 15° (a) b2 = ac (b) b 2 =
a 2 + c2
(c) 45° (d) None of these
(c) they are in A.P. (d) b = a 2 + c 2 2
7. Consider the following statements :
1. There exists no triangle ABC for which 14. Angles of a triangle are in the ratio 4 : 1 : 1. The
sin A + sin B = sin C. ratio between its greatest side and perimeter is
2. If the angle of a triangle are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3, 3 1
(a) (b)
then its sides will be in the ratio 1 : 3 : 2. 2+ 3 2+ 3
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 3 2
(c) (d)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 3+2 2+ 3
 EBD_7588
38 Mathematics Objective MCQs

a b c 22. If A + B + C = p, then
15. In a triangle, If r1 = 2r2 = 3r3, then + + is cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C + 4 sin A sin B sin C is
b c a
equal to equal to :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
75 155 176 191 23. Given that a, b, c are the sides of a triangle ABC
(a) (b) (c) (d)
60 60 60 60 which is right angled at C, then the minimum value
A B æ c cö
2
16. If A + B + C = p then S tan tan =
2 2 of ç + ÷ is
è a bø
(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) 2 (d) None of these (a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
17. In a triangle ABC, 2a2 + 4b2 + c2 = 4ab + 2ac, then 24. Let d1, d2 and d3 be the lengths of perpendiculars
cos B is equal to from circumcentre of DABC on the sides BC, AC
1 3 7 æ a b cö
(a) 0 (b)
8
(c)
8
(d)
8 and AB, respectively. If l ç d + d + d ÷ =
è 1 2 3ø
18. If the angles of a triangle are 30° and 45° and the
abc
included side is ( 3 + 1) , then what is the area then l equals
of the tringle ? d1d 2 d3
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
3 +1 25. A pole stands vertically inside a triangular park
(a) (b) 2( 3 + 1)
2 ABC. If the angle of elevation of the top of the
3 +1 3 -1 pole from each corner of the park is same, then
(c) (d) the foot of the pole is at the
3 2 (a) centroid (b) circumcentre
19. Let PQR be a triangle of area D with a = 2, b = 7/2, (c) incentre (d) orthocentre
and c = 5/2, where a, b, and c are the lengths of 26. A tower standing at right angles to the ground
the sides of the triangle opposite to the angles at
P, Q, and R, respectively. -1 1 -1 1
subtends angles sin and sin at two
2sin P – sin 2 P 3 5
Then equals
2sin P + sin 2 P points A and B situated in a line through the foot
of the tower and on the opposite sides. If AB =
3 45 50 units, then the height of the tower is :
(a) (b)
4D 4D (a) 50 (b) 25 2
2 2
æ 3ö æ 45 ö (c) 50( 6 - 2) (d) 25( 2 - 1)
(c) çè ÷ø (d) ç ÷
4D è 4D ø 27. A vertical pole consists of two parts, the lower
a 2 - b2 part being one third of the whole. At a point in
20. In a triangle ABC, ÐC = 90°, then is the horizontal plane through the base of the pole
a 2 + b2 and distance 20 meters from it, the upper part of
equal to :
(a) sin (A + B) (b) sin (A – B) 1
the pole subtends an angle whose tangent is .
æA-Bö 2
(c) cos (A + B) (d) sin ç ÷ The possible heights of the pole are
è 2 ø
21. O is the circumcentre of the triangle ABC and (a) 20 m and 20 3 m (b) 20 m and 60 m
(c) 16 m and 48 m (d) None of these
R1, R 2 , R 3 are the radii of the circumcircles of 28. A person standing on the bank of a river observes
the triangles OBA, OCA and OAB respectively, that the angle subtended by a tree on the opposite
a b c bank is 60º. when he retreats 20 feet from the
then + + is equal to bank, he finds the angle to be 30º. The breadth of
R1 R 2 R 3
the river in feet is :
abc abc abc
(a) (b) 3
(c) (d) None (a) 15 (b) 15 3 (c) 10 3 (d) 10
R R R4
Properties of Triangles and Height & Distances 39
29. From an aeroplane above a straight road the angle
4500 4500( 3 –1)
of depression of two positions at a distance 20 m (a) (b)
apart on the road are observed to be 30° and 45°. 3 3
The height of the aeroplane above the ground is :
(a) 10 3m (b) 10 ( )
3 -1 m (c) 4500 3 (d)
4500( 3 +1)
3
(c) 10 ( )
3 +1 m (d) 20 m 36. The base of a cliff is circular. From the extremities
30. The horizontal distance between two towers is of a diameter of the base the angles of elevation
60 metres and the angular depression of the top of the top of the cliff are 30° and 60°. If the height
of the first tower as seen from the top of the of the cliff be 500 metres, then the diameter of the
second. is 30°. If the height of the second tower base of the cliff is
be 150 metres, then the height of the first tower is
(a) 1000 3 m (b) 2000 / 3 m
(a) 150 - 60 3m (b) 90 m
(c) 150 - 20 3m (d) None of these (c) 1000 / 3 m (d) 2000 2 m
37. The angle of elevation of a stationary cloud from
31. The top of a hill when observed from the top
and bottom of a building of height h is at angles a point 2500 m above a lake is 15° and the angle
of elevation p and q respectively. What is the of depression of its reflection in the lake is 45°.
height of the hill? The height of cloud above the lake level is
hcot q hcot p (a) 2500 3 metres (b) 2500 metres
(a) cot q – cot p (b) cot p – cot q
(c) 500 3 metres (d) None of these
2htan p 2htan q 38. The upper part of a tree broken over by the wind
(c) tan p – tan q (d) tan q – tan p
makes an angle of 30° with the ground and the
32. From the top of a cliff 50 m high, the angles of distance from the root to the point where the top
depression of the top and bottom of a tower are of the tree touches the ground is 10 m; what was
observed to be 30° and 45°. The height of tower is the height of the tree
(a) 50 m (b) 50 3 m (a) 8.66 m (b) 15 m
(c) 17.32 m (d) 25.98 m
æ 3ö 39. Two poles are 10 m and 20 m high. The line joining
(c) 50( 3 –1) m (d)50 ç1 - m
è 3 ÷ø their tops makes an angle of 15° with the
33. The angles of elevation of the top of a tower horizontal. The distance between the poles is
standing on a horizontal plane from two points approximately equal to
on a line passing through the foot of the tower (a) 36.3 m (b) 37.3 in
at distances 49 m and 36 m are 43° and 47° (c) 38.3 m (d) 39.3 in
respectively. What is the height of the tower? 40. A tower subtends an angle a at a point A in the
plane of its base and the angle of depression of
the foot of the tower at a point l meters just above
(a) 40 m (b) 42 m (c) 45 m (d) 47 m A is b. The height of the tower is
34. A man whose eye level is 1.5 metres above the
ground observes the angle of elevation of the (a) l tan b cot a (b) l tan a cot b
tower to be 60°. If the distance of the man from
(c) l tan a tan b (d) l cot a cot b
the tower be 10 metres, the height of the tower is
41. A vertical tower standing on a levelled field is
(a) (1.5 + 10 3)m (b) 10 3m
mounted with a vertical flag staff of length 3 m.
æ 10 ö From a point on the field, the angles of elevation of
(c) ç 1.5 + ÷m (d) None of these the bottom and tip of the flag staff are 30° and 45°
è 3ø
respectively. Which one of the following gives the
35. A moving boat is observed from the top of a cliff
of 150 m height. The angle of depression of the best approximation to the height of the tower ?
boat changes from 60° to 45° in 2 minutes. What (a) 3.90 m (b) 4.00 m
is the speed of the boat in metres per hour? (c) 4.10 m (d) 4.25 m
 EBD_7588
40 Mathematics Objective MCQs
42. A and B are two points in the horizontal plane 44. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from
through O, the foot of pillar OP of height h such two places situated at distances 21m. and x m.
that ÐAOB = q . If the elevation of the top of the from the base of the tower are 45° and 60°
pillar from A and B are also equal to q , then AB respectively. What is the value of x ?
(a) 7 3 (b) 7 - 3
is equal to
(c) 7 + 3 (d) 14
q
(a) hcot q (b) hcos q sec 45. From a point a metre above a lake the angle of
2 elevation of a cloud is a and the angle of
q q depression of its reflection is b. The height of
(c) hcot q sin (d) hcos q cosec the cloud is
2 2
43. The length of the shadow of a pole inclined at (a) a sin(a + b)
metre
10° to the vertical towards the sun is 2.05 metres, sin(a - b)
when the elevation of the sun is 38°. The length
of the pole is a sin(a + b)
(b) metre
2.05sin 38° 2.05sin 42° sin(b - a )
(a) (b)
sin 42° sin 38° (c) a sin(a – b)
metre
2.05cos 38° sin(a + b)
(c) (d) None of these (d) None of these
cos 42°

Answer KEYs
1 (b ) 6 (a) 11 (a) 16 (a) 21 (b) 26 (d ) 31 (b) 36 (b) 41 (c)
2 (d ) 7 (c) 12 (b) 17 (d) 22 (b) 27 (b ) 32 (d) 37 (a) 42 (b)
3 (d ) 8 (c) 13 (c) 18 (a) 23 (d) 28 (d ) 33 (b) 38 (c) 43 (a)
4 (a) 9 (b) 14 (c) 19 (c) 24 (d) 29 (c) 34 (a) 39 (b) 44 (a)
5 (a) 10 (b) 15 (d) 20 (b) 25 (a) 30 (c) 35 (b) 40 (b) 45 (b)
Properties of Triangles and Height & Distances 41

cot A + cot B sin (A + B) sin C

1. (b) sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C 4. (a) = .
cot C sin A sin B cos C
= 1 - cos 2 A + 1 - cos 2 B + sin 2 C
sin 2 C c2 2ab
2 = = . 2
= 2 - cos A - cos(B + C)cos(B - C) sin A sin Bcos C ab a + b2 - c 2
= 2 - cos A[cos A - cos(B - C)]
2c 2 2c 2 9 m
= 2 - cos A[ - cos(B + C) - cos(B - C)] = 2 = = =
a + b2 - c 2 17c 2 4 n
= 2 + cos A.2 cos B cos C - c2
9
\ sin2A + sin2B + sin2C – 2cos A cos B cos C Þ (m + n) = 9 + 4 = 13
=2 5. (a) Let area of triangle be D, then according to
2. (d) If the circumradius of triangle ABC be R, question,
then
1 1 1 bx cy az
a b c D = ax = by = cz \ + +
R= = = 2 2 2 c a b
2 sin A 2 sin B 2sin C
where a, b, c has their usual meanings. b æ 2D ö c æ 2D ö a æ 2D ö
= çè ÷ø + çè ÷ø + çè ÷ø
Given D ABC is isoceles such that c a a b b c
2 2 2
A 2D (b + c + a )
=
abc

O 2(a 2 + b2 + c 2 ) abc a 2 + b2 + c 2
= . =
abc 4R 2R
B C 6. (a) According to sine rule,
a b c
AB = AC = =
sin A sin B sin C
Let circumradius be R, then
a c
AC AC \ =
R= = AB = AC Þ = AC sin A sin C
2 sin B 2 sin B
1 p p c.sin A 2.sin 45°
sin B = Þ sin B = sin Þ ÐB = = ÐC Þ sin C = =
2 6 6 a 2 2
We know that ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = 180° = p
1 1 1
p p p = . = = sin 30°
ÐA + + = p Þ ÐA + = p 2 2 2
6 6 3
\ C = 30°
p
Þ ÐA = p – = 2 p = 2 ´ 180 Þ ÐA = 120° 7. (c) 1. Given, sin A + sin B = sin C
3 3 3 a+b= c
cos A cos B cos C æ sin A sin B sin C ö
3. (d) = = çQ By sine law, = = = K÷
a b c è a b c ø
Þ
cos A
=
cos B
=
cos C Here, the sum of two sides of DABC is equal to
2R sin A 2R sin B 2R sin C the third side, but it is not possible
Þ cot A = cot B = cot C (Because by triangle inequality, the sum of the
length of two sides of a triangle is always greater
Þ A = B = C = 60° Þ DABC is equilateral than the length of the third side)
3 2 a+b>c
Hence, D = a = 3.
4
 EBD_7588
42 Mathematics Objective MCQs
2. Ratio of angles of a triangle Q
A : B: C = 1 :2 : 3
R 60°
A + B + C = 180°
\ A = 30°
B = 60° T
C = 90° P
the ratio in sides according to sine rule S
a : b : c = sin A : sin B : sin C a2 4
= sin 30° : sin 60° : sin 90° Þ a2 = h2 + .
4 3
1 3 1 3 a2
= , ,1 = : :1 Þ a2 = h2 +
2 2 2 2 3
8. (c) We know that, 2s = a + b + c a2
Þ a2 - = h2
(a + b + c)(b + c – a )(c + a – b)( a + b – c) 3
\
4b2 c 2 3a 2 - a 2
= h 2 \ 2a = 3h
2 2
Þ
2s (2s – 2a)(2s – 2b)(2 s – 2c) 3
= 11. (a)
4b 2c 2 cos A sin B = sin C Þ sin(A + B) - sin(A - B) = 2 sin C
s (s – a) ( s – b)( s – c) Þ sin C = sin(B - A ) Þ A + C = B
= 4 ×
bc bc (Q A + B = p - C)
A A p
= 4 cos2 × sin2 \ B=
2 2 2
= sin2 A Now 3b - 5c = 0 Þ 3 - 5 sin C = 0
x2 + x 2 – AB 2 3 p
9. (b) cos 120° = \ sin C = and A = - C
2 x2 5 2
2 x 2 – AB2 –1 A
Þ 2 = 1 - tan 2
2x 2
Þ cos A = sin C Þ 2 =3
Þ 4x2 – 2AB2 = – 2x2 A 5
1 + tan 2
A 2
2 A 1 A
\ tan = Þ tan = 0 .5
2 4 2
30° 60° x 12. (b) 2D = (a – b + c)(a + b – c)
x Þ 2D = 4(s – b)(s – c)
60° 60°
30° s (s – a) A 1
B x D x C Þ 2= Þ tan =
( s – b)(s – c) 2 2
Þ 3x2 = AB2 Þ AB = x 3 1
2´
Þ a2 : b2 : c2 = (2x)2 : x2 : ( x 3 )2 2 4
\ tan A = 1 = 3
= 4x2 : x2 : 3x2 = 4 : 1 : 3 1–
4
10. (b) Let QT be the tower of height (h) in D PRS. 13. (c)
Now, each triangle QPR, QRS, QSP are equilateral. sin A sin(A - B) sin(B + C) sin(A - B)
Thus QP = QS = QR = a. = Þ =
sin C sin(B - C) sin(A + B) sin(B - C)
In D QTP,, Þ sin 2 B - sin 2 C = sin 2 A - sin 2 B
QP2 = QT2 + PT2
2 Þ sin 2 A, sin 2 B, sin 2 C and hence a 2 , b2 , c 2
2 2 æa ö
Þ a = h + ç sec 30°÷ are in A.P.
è2 ø
Properties of Triangles and Height & Distances 43
14. (c) Consider a triangle ABC.
Given, angles of a triangle are in the ratio 4 : 1 : 1. a 2 + c2 - b2
\ a = l , b = l/2, c = l \ cos B =
Angles are 4x, x and x. 2ac
i.e., ÐA = 4x, ÐB = x, ÐC = x l2
Now, by angle sum property of D, we have l2 + l 2 -
= 4 = 1- 1 = 7
ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = 180°
180° 2l 2 8 8
Þ 4x + x + x = 180° Þ x = = 30°
6 18. (a) A
\ ÐA = 120°, ÐB = 30°, ÐC = 30°
We know, ratio of sides of DABC is given by 45° 60°
sin A : sin B : sin C = sin 120° : sin 30° : sin 30°
3 1 1
= : : = 3 :1:1
2 2 2
3 3 45° 30°
Required ratio = = . B C
1 +1 + 3 2 + 3 D
15. (d) Given that, r1 = 2r2 = 3r3 x
D 2D 3D D
\ = = = ( 3 + 1)
s–a s–b s–c k
Then, s – a = k, s – b = 2k, s – c = 3k From DADB, AD = BD = x
Þ 3s – (a + b + c) = 6k Þ s = 6k In DADC,
a b c x
\ = = =k
5 4 3 tan 30° =
3 +1- x
a b c 5 4 3
Now, + + = + + 1 x
b c a 4 3 5 Þ = Þ
3 3 +1- x 3x = 3 + 1 - x
75 + 80 + 36 191
= =
60 60 Þ ( 3 + 1)x = 3 +1
16. (a) Since A + B + C = p
3 +1
A B C p A B p C x=
\ + + = Þ + = - 3 +1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
æ A Bö æp Cö C 1 3 +1
\ tan ç + ÷ = tan ç - ÷ = cot Area of DABC = ´ ( 3 + 1) ´ 1 =
è 2 2ø è2 2ø 2 2 2
19. (c)
A B P
tan + tan 2sin P – 2sin P cos P
2 2 = 1 c = 5/2
Þ A B C 2sin P + 2sin P cos P
1 - tan tan tan b = 7/2
2 2 2
P
A C B C
Þ tan tan + tan tan = 1 - tan tan
A B 2sin 2
1– cos P 2 Q a=2 R
2 2 2 2 2 2 = =
1 + cos P 2 P
A B B C C A 2 cos
Þ tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
17. (d) a2 + a2 + 4b2 – 4ab = 2ac – c2 P ( s – b)( s – c) (( s – b)(s – c))2
2
Þ (a – 2b)2 + (a – c)2 = 0 = tan = s ( s – a) =
which is possible only when: a – 2b = 0 and a – c 2 D2
=0 2
a b c æ æ 1 ö æ 3ö ö
or = = = l (say) çè çè 2 ÷ø çè 2 ÷ø ÷ø 2
1 1/ 2 1 æ 3ö
= =ç ÷
D2 è 4D ø
 EBD_7588
44 Mathematics Objective MCQs
20. (b) A + B = 180° – C = 90° 2
a = 2R sin A, b = 2R sin B, c = 2R sin C æ 1 1 ö 4(1 + sin 2q)
=ç +
è sin q cos q ÷ø
=
a 2 - b2 sin 2 A - sin 2 B sin 2 2q
\ =
a 2 + b 2 sin 2 A + sin 2 B æ 1 1 ö p
sin( A + B) sin( A - B) = 4ç + ÷ , where 0 < q < 2
= [Q A + B = 90°] è sin 2q sin 2q ø
2
sin 2 A + sin 2 (90° - A ) 2
æ c cö
sin 90° sin(A - B) Þ çè + ÷ø
= = sin(A - B) a b min = 8, when 2q = 90°.
sin 2 A + cos 2 A
21. (b) R1 = BC a a
= 24. (d) We have tan A = ;
2 sin(ÐBOC) 2 sin 2A 2d1 A
A
a
\ R = 2 sin 2 A d1 = R cos A etc.
1 X3
b d2 X2
b d3
Similarly tan B =
Similarly,
R2
= 2 sin 2B O 2d 2 R A X
d1
c 2A C B C
and tan C = a/2 X1
and R = 2 sin 2C B C
2d3
3
In DABC, tan A + tan B + tan C
a b c = tan A × tan B × tan C
So, + +
R1 R 2 R 3
a b c abc
Þ + + =
= 2(sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C) 2d1 2d2 2d3 8d1d2 d3
= 2.4sin A sin B sinC [Q A + B + C = p]
æ a b cö abc
æ a öæ b öæ c ö
= (2 sin A)(2 sin B)(2 sin C) = ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ \ 4ç d + d + d ÷ =
è 1 2 3 ø d1d 2 d3
è R øè R øè R ø
22. (b) If A + B + C = p, Þ l=4
then cos mA + cos mB + cos mC 25. (a) The foot of the pole is at the centroid.
mA mB mC Because centroid is the point of intersection of
= 1 - 4 sin sin sin medians AD, BE and CF, which are the lines joining
2 2 2
a vertex with the mid point of opposite side.
\ For m = 2 : cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C A
= 1 - 4sin A sin Bsin C
Þ cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C F G E
+4sin A sin Bsin C = 1
23. (d) B
B C
D
c a 1
26. (d) sin -1 = cot -1 2 2
3
q
A C
b 1
and sin -1 = cot -1 2
a = c sin q, b = c cos q 5
2 If C is the foot of the tower and h is the height,
æ c cö
Þ çè + ÷ø then
a b
AC = h.2 2 , CB = h.2 , h (2 2 + 2) = 50
Properties of Triangles and Height & Distances 45

D 29. (c) A

h
h
a b
A C B
Þ h = 25( 2 - 1) 45° 30°
27. (b) From the given figure we have B x C D
20 m
H H
= tan a and = tan b
3d d AB h h
In D ABC, tan 45° = = ; 1=
BC x x
2H h=x ...(i)
3 In DABD,
H AB 1 h
q b tan 30° = ; =
3 BD 3 x + 20
a
d = 20 m x + 20 = 3h ; h + 20 = 3h
20
H H
-
1 d 3d
20 = ( 3 - 1 h; ) h=
3 -1
tan(β - α) = =
2 H2 20 3 +1
1+ 2 = ×
3d 3 -1 3 +1
Þ H2 - 4dH + 3d = 0 2
20( 3 + 1)
2
Þ H - 80 H + 3(400) = 0 = = 10( 3 + 1) m
2
Þ H = 20 and 60 m B
28. (d) Let h be the height of tree PQ and breadth Hence the height is 10 ( 3 +1 m )
of river PS be x ft. 30. (c) (150 – h) cot 30° = 60

150m
Angle of elevation subtended by a tree is 60°. Þ h = 150 – 20 3
Also, when he retreats 20 feet, the angle becomes 30°. A 30°
Q h
31. (b)
O 60 m O

30° 60°
R 20 ft. S x P H
h p
Also, in DPQS, tan 60° = Þ h = 3x
x Hill
Building

h 1 h h
and in DPQR, tan 30° = Þ = q
x + 20 3 x + 20
Þ x + 20 = 3h
d
Þ x + 20 = 3x (By putting value of h) Let height of hill = H
Þ 2 x = 20 Þ x = 10 & horizontal distance between building & hill = d
Hence breadth of river is 10 ft. H
H
tan q = Þd= = H cot q
d tan q
 EBD_7588
46 Mathematics Objective MCQs
A
(H – h)
tan p = Þ d = (H – h) cot p
d
Þ H cot q = (H – h) cot p
h cot p h
H=
cot p - cot q
32. (d) Let height of the tower be h m and distance 47° 43°
between tower and cliff be x m. B 36 m D C
49 m
\ CD = h, BD = x Now, in DABD,
AB h
In DABD, tan 45° = tan 47° = ... (i)
BD 36 m
h
50 and in DABC, tan 43° =
or 1 = 49 m
x
h
x = 50 ..... (i) tan(90° – 47°) =
49
h
45° \ cot 47° = ... (ii)
A 49
30° Multiplying equations (i) and (ii)
h h h2
tan 47º. cot 47º = ´ =1 =
E 30° C 36 49 36 ´ 49
50 m

h = 6 × 7 = 42 m
\ Option (b) is correct
h 34. (a) H = (10 tan 60° + 1.5) H
45°
B D = (10 3 + 1.5)m 60°
x
h
35. (b)
In DAEC 10m
AE AB - EB AB - DC
tan 30° = = =
EC EC BD
(Q EB = DC , EC = BD)
150 m
1 50 - h
= or x = 50 3 - h 3
3 x
45° 60°
or 50 = 50 3 - h 3 or h 3 = 50 3 - 50
50( 3 - 1) æ 1 ö y x
or h= = 50 ç1 - ÷
3 è 3ø
150 150
tan 60° = Þx=
x 3
æ 3ö
\ h = 50 ç1 -
è 3 ÷ø Also, tan 45° =
150
x+y
33. (b) AB = h (height of the tower) Þ x + y = 150
BD = 36 m; BC = 49 m
ÐD = 47°; ÐC = 43° 150
Þ y =150 – x = 150 –
3
Properties of Triangles and Height & Distances 47
39. (b) tan15° = DE/AE
æ 3 - 1ö AE = 10cot15° ...(1)
Þ y = 150 ç ÷ = distance travelled
è 3 ø cot(15°) = cot (45 – 30°)
cot 45° cot 30° + 1
150( 3 - 1) 60 =
Speed in (m/hr) = ´ cot 30° - cot 45° D
3 2

( 3 - 1)
= 4500 10 m
3
A 15°
36. (b) d2 = h cot 30° = 500 3, E
500 10 m 10 m
and d1 =
3
B C
h
1. 3 + 1
60° 30° cot15° = = 2+ 3
3 -1
d1 d2 Putting cot 15° in eq (1)
500 2000 AE = 10cot15°
Diameter d = 500 3 + 3= m
37.
3
(a) (H – h) cot 15° = (H + h) cot 45°
3
(
= 10 2 + 3 )
h(cot15° + 1) = 10(3.73)
or H = = 37.3 m T
(cot15° - 1) 40. (b) From figure, we can deduce
H = l tan a cot b.
P H
(H-h)
15°
45° l
2500 h a b
A O

30m 41. (c) as ÐCPA = 45° C

H

3m

Since h = 2500 and substitute B

cot15° = 2 + 3, weget, H = 2500 3

38. (c) Height of tree is
x
20 10 30
AB + AC = + = = 10 3 = 17.32m
3 3 3
30° 45°
P A
A x+3

10
3 so AC = AP = x + 3
30° AB x
B C tan 30° = =
10m AP x + 3
 EBD_7588
48 Mathematics Objective MCQs
44. (a)
1 x
=
3 x +3 A
x + 3 = 3x

x=
3
´
( 3 +1 )
3 -1 ( 3 + 1)

3 ´ 2.73 8.19
x= = = 4.095 m » 4.1m
2 2
45° 60°
42. (b) OA = OB = h cot q D
B C
A P
q 21m 21m
h
AD AD
In DADB, tan 45° = =
q O BD 21
N AD = 21 m
q
AD
In DADC, tan 60° =
B x
Now, 21
x= = m
q 3 7 3
AB = 2 AN = 2AO sin 45. (b) (H + a) cot b = (H – a) cot a
2
using componendo and dividendo
cos q q q
= 2h .sin = h cos q sec a sin (a + b)
sin q 2 2 Þ H=
sin (b - a )
sin 38° sin( SPO)
43. (a) = C
l 2.05 Q P
H-a
P a
sin (180° - 38° - 90° - 10°) a b O
=
2.05 l Q
10° H
2.05sin 38°
Þl= 38°
sin 42° C
S 2.05 m O
 Principle of Mathematical
4
Induction
1. The inequality n! > 2n–1 is true for 8. Let P(n) : “2n < (1 × 2 × 3 × ... × n)”. Then the
(a) n > 2 (b) n Î N smallest positive integer for which P(n) is true is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(c) n > 3 (d) None of these
2. The statement P(n) (n + 2)!
9. If divisible by n, n Î N and 1 £ n £ 9,
“1 × 1! + 2 × 2! + 3 × 3! + ..... + n × n! 6(n - 1)!
= (n + 1)! – 1” is then n is
(a) True for all n > 1 (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 1
(b) Not true for any n 10. For every positive integer n, 7n – 3n is divisible by
(c) True for all n Î N (a) 7 (b) 3
(d) None of these (c) 4 (d) 5
3. If n Î N, then 11n + 2 + 122n+1 is divisible by 4n (2n)!
(a) 113 (b) 123 11. If < , then P(n) is true for
n + 1 (n!)2
(c) 133 (d) None of these
4. For a positive integer n, (a) n ³ 1 (b) n > 0
1 1 1 1 (c) n < 0 (d) n ³ 2
Let a(n) = 1 + + + +…+ n . Then 12. A student was asked to prove a statement P(n)
2 3 4 (2 ) - 1 by induction. He proved that P(k + 1) is true
whenever P(k) is true for all k > 5Î N and also
that P (5) is true. On the basis of this he could
conclude that P(n) is true
(a) a(100) £ 100 (b) a(100) > 100 (a) for all n Î N (b) for all n > 5
(c) a(200) £ 100 (d) a(200) < 100 (c) for all n ³ 5 (d) for all n < 5
5. If m, n are any two odd positive integers with 13. If n Î N and n > 1, then
n < m, then the largest positive integer which n n
divides all the numbers of the type m2 – n2 is æ n +1 ö æ n +1 ö
(a) n! > ç ÷ (b) n! ³ ç ÷
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 9 è 2 ø è 2 ø
6. Which one of the following is true ? n
æ n +1 ö
æ 1ö
n (c) n! < ç ÷ (d) None of these
(a) 2
ç 1 + ÷ < n , n is a positive integer è 2 ø
è nø 14. For all n Î N, 41 – 14n is a multiple of
n

n (a) 26 (b) 27
æ 1ö (c) 25 (d) None of these
(b) ç 1 + ÷ < 2, n is a positive integer
è nø 15. For all n Î N,

æ 1ö
n 1 1 1
3 1+ + + ..... +
(c) ç 1 + ÷ < n , n is a positive integer 1+ 2 1+ 2+ 3 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n
è nø
is equal to
n
æ 1ö 3n n
(d) ç 1 + ÷ > 2, n is a positive integer (a) (b)
è nø n +1 n +1
7. By the principle of induction " n Î N, 32n
2n 2n
when divided by 8, leaves remainder (c) (d)
(a) 2 (b) 3 n –1 n +1
(c) 7 (d) 1
 EBD_7588
50 Mathematics Objective MCQs
16. 10n + 3(4n+2) + 5 is divisible by ( n Î N ) 24. If P(n) : 3n < n!, n Î N, then P(n) is true
(a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 17 (a) for n ³ 6 (b) for n ³ 7
17. The greatest positive integer, which divides (c) for n ³ 3 (d) for all n.
n (n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) for all n Î N , is 25. If P = n(n2 – 12) (n2 – 22) (n2 – 32) ...... (n2 – r2),
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 24 (d) 120 n > r, n Î N then P is necessarily divisible by
18. Which of the following result is valid?
(a) (1 + x)n > (1 + nx), for all natural numbers n
(b) (1 + x)n ³ (1 + nx), for all natural numbers n,
where x > –1 (a) (2r + 2) ! (b) (2r + 4) !
(c) (1 + x)n £ (1 + nx), for all natural numbers n (c) (2r + 1) ! (d) None of these
26. If P(n) : “46n + 19n + k is divisible by 64 for n Î
(d) (1 + x)n < (1 + nx), for all natural numbers n N” is true, then the least negative integral value
19. When 2301 is divided by 5, the least positive of k is.
remainder is (a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) – 2
(a) 4 (b) 8 1 1 1 kn
(c) 2 (d) 6 27. If + + + ...n terms = , then k
20. 10n + 3(4n + 2) + 5 is divisible by (n Î N) 2´ 4 4´ 6 6´8 n +1
(a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 17 is equal to
21. Let S (k ) = 1 + 3 + 5... + (2k - 1) = 3 + k 2 . Then 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d)
which of the following is true? 4 2 8
(a) Principle of mathematical induction can be 28. For given series:
used to prove the formula
12 + 2 × 22 + 32 + 2 × 42 + 52 + 2 × 62 + .....,
(b) S (k ) Þ S (k + 1) if Sn is the sum of n terms, then
(c) S (k ) Þ
/ S (k + 1)
n (n + 1)
2
(d) S (1) is correct (a) Sn = , if n is even
2
22. For every positive integral value of n, 3n > n3 when
(a) n > 2 (b) n ³ 3 (c) n ³ 4 (d) n < 4 n 2 (n + 1)
23. If n is a natural number, then (b) Sn = , if n is odd
2
n3 (c) Both (a) and (b) are true
(a) 12 + 22 + ... + n 2 <
3 (d) Both (a) and (b) are false
n3 29. The remainder when 54n is divided by 13, is
(b) 12 + 22 + ... + n 2 =
3 (a) 1 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10
(c) 12 + 2 2 + ... + n 2 > n 3 30. Using mathematical induction, the numbers
an’s are defined by a0 = 1, an+1 = 3n2 + n + an,
n3 (n ³ 0). Then, an is equal to
(d) 12 + 22 + ... + n 2 >
3 (a) n3 + n2 + 1 (b) n3 – n2 + 1
3 2
(c) n – n (d) n3 + n2

Answer KEYs
1 (a) 4 (a) 7 (d) 10 (c) 13 (c) 16 (c) 19 (c) 22 (c) 25 (c) 28 (c)
2 (c) 5 (c) 8 (d) 11 (d) 14 (b) 17 (c) 20 (c) 23 (d) 26 (a) 29 (a)
3 (c) 6 (d) 9 (d) 12 (c) 15 (d) 18 (b) 21 (b) 24 (b) 27 (a) 30 (b)
Principle of Mathematical Induction 51

1. (a) Let P(n) º n! > 2n–1; P(3) º 6 > 4 Thus, P(k + 1) is true, whenever P(k) is true.
Let P(k) º k! > 2k–1 is true. Hence, by the principle of mathematical
\ P(k + 1) = (k + 1)! = (k + 1)k! > (k + 1) 2k–1 induction P(n) is true for all n Î N.
> 2k (as k + 1 > 2) 8. (d) Since P(1) : 2 < 1 is false ; P(2) : 22 < 1× 2 is false
2. (c) Check for n = 1, 2, 3, ....., it is true for all P(3) : 23 < 1× 2 × 3 is false; P(4) : 24 < 1× 2 × 3 × 4
n Î N. is true
3. (c) Putting n = 1 in 11n + 2 + 122n + 1 (n + 2)! 3! 6
9. (d) If n = 1, then = = = 1,
We get, 111+2 + 122×1+1 = 113 + 123 = 3059, which 6(n - 1)! 6 ´ 0! 6
is divisible by 133. divisible by 1.
4. (a) It can be proved with the help of
10. (c) Let P(n) : 7n – 3n is divisible by 4.
n For n = 1,
mathematical induction that > a(n) £ n.
2 P(1) : 71 – 31 = 4, which is divisible by 4. Thus,
200
\ < a(200) P(n) is true for n = 1.
2
Þ a(200) > 100 and a(100) £ 100. Let P(k) be true for some natural number k,
5. (c) Let m = 2k + 1, n = 2k – 1 (k Î N) i.e. P(k) : 7k – 3k is divisible by 4.
\ m2 – n2 = 4k2 + 1 + 4k – 4k2 + 4k – 1 = 8k We can write 7k – 3k = 4d, where d Î N ... (i)
Hence, all the numbers of the form m2 – n2 are Now, we wish to prove that P(k + 1) is true
always divisible by 8. whenever P(k) is true, i.e. 7k + 1 – 3k + 1 is
1 divisible by 4.
æ 1ö Now, 7(k + 1) – 3(k + 1)
6. (d) Put n = 1, ç 1 + ÷ = 2
è 1ø
n = 7(k + 1) – 7.3k + 7.3k – 3(k + 1)
æ 1ö = 7(7k – 3k) + (7 – 3)3k = 7(4d) + 4.3k [using (i)]
\ ç 1 + ÷ > 2, n is a positive integer..
è nø
= 4(7d + 3k), which is divisible by 4.
7. (d) Let P(n) be the statement given by
Thus, P(k + 1) is true whenever P(k) is true.
P(n) : 32n when divided by 8, the remainder is 1.
Therefore, by the principle of mathematical
or P(n) : 32n = 8l + 1 for some l Î N
induction the statement is true for every
For n = 1, P(1) : 32 = (8 × 1) + 1 = 8l + 1, where
positive integer n.
l=1
\ P(1) is true. 4n (2n)!
11. (d) Let P(n) : <
Let P(k) be true. n + 1 (n !) 2
Then, 32k = 8l + 1 for some l Î N ... (i)
We shall now show that P(k + 1) is true, for 42 4! 16 24
For n = 2; P(2) : < Þ <
which we have to show that 32(k + 1) when 2 + 1 (2) 2 3 4
divided by 8, the remainder is 1. which is true.
Now, 32(k + 1) = 32k . 32 4m (2m)!
= (8l + 1) × 9 [Using (i)] Let for n = m ³ 2, P(m) is true. i.e. <
m +1 (m!)2
= 72l + 9 = 72l + 8 + 1 = 8(9l + 1) + 1 4m +1
= 8m + 1, where m = 9l + 1 Î N Now,
m+2
Þ P(k + 1) is true.
 EBD_7588
52 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Therefore, P(k + 1) is true when P(k) is true.
4m 4(m + 1) (2m)! 4(m + 1) Hence, from the principle of mathematical
= · < ·
m +1 m + 2 (m !) 2 (m + 2)
induction, the statement is true for all natural
numbers n.
(2m)!(2 m + 1)(2 m + 2)4( m + 1)( m + 1) 2
= 15. (d) Let the statement P(n) be defined as
(2m + 1)(2m + 2)(m !) 2 ( m + 1) 2 ( m + 2)
1 1
P(n) : 1 + + + .....
1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3
[2(m + 1)]! 2(m + 1)2 [2( m + 1)]!
= · < 1 2n
[(m + 1)!] (2 m + 1)( m + 2) [( m + 1)!]2
2
+ =
1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n n + 1
Hence, for n ³ 2, P(n) is true. 1 1 2 2n
i.e. P(n) : 1+ + + ..... + =
12. (c) Since P(5) is true and P(k + 1) is true, 1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3 n (n +1) n +1
whenever P (k) is true. 2 ´1 2
n =
æ n + 1ö 9 Step I : For n = 1, P(1) : 1 = = 1,
13. (c) When n = 2 then ç ÷ = 1+1 2
n è 2 ø 4
æ n + 1ö which is true.
Þ n ! < çè ÷
2 ø Step II : Let it is true for n = k,
n
æ n + 1ö 1
+
1
+ ..... +
2
=
2k
When n = 3, then n! = 6, ç =8 i.e. 1 +
è 2 ÷ø 1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3 k (k + 1) k + 1
... (i)
n Step III : For n = k + 1,
æ n + 1ö
Þ n! < ç
è 2 ÷ø æ 1 1 2 ö 2
ç1+ 1+ 2 + 1+ 2 + 3 + ..... + k (k +1) ÷ + (k +1)(k + 2)
è ø
When n = 4, then n! = 24,
2k 2
n n = + [using equation (i)]
æ n + 1ö 625 æ n + 1ö k + 1 (k + 1) (k + 2)
çè ÷ = Þ n! < ç
è 2 ÷ø
2 ø 16
é 2 ù
2k (k + 2 ) + 2 2 ë k + 2k + 1û
= =
æ n + 1ö
n
(k + 1) (k + 2) (k + 1) (k + 2)
\ It is seen that n! < ç
è 2 ÷ø
[taking 2 common in numerator part]
14. (b) Let P(n) be the statement given by
2 (k + 1)
2
P(n) : 41n – 14n is a multiple of 27 2 (k + 1) 2 (k + 1)
= = =
For n = 1, (k + 1) (k + 2) k+2 ( k + 1) + 1
i.e. P(1) = 411 – 141 = 27 = 1 × 27,
Therefore, P(k + 1) is true, when P(k) is true.
which is a multiple of 27.
Hence, from the principle of mathematical
\ P(1) is true.
induction, the statement is true for all natural
Let P(k) be true, i.e. 41k – 14k = 27l ... (i)
For n = k + 1, numbers n.
41k + 1 – 14k + 1 = 41k 41 – 14k 14 16. (c) 10n + 3(4n + 2 ) + 5
= (27l + 14k) 41 – 14k 14 [using (i)]
= (27l × 41) + (14k × 41) – (14k × 14) Taking n = 2; 102 + 3 ´ 44 + 5
= (27l × 41) + 14k (41 – 14) = (27l × 41)
= 100 + 768 + 5 = 873
+ (14k × 27)
k Therefore this is divisible by 9.
= 27(41l + 14 ),
which is a multiple of 27.
Principle of Mathematical Induction 53
17. (c) The product of r consecutive integers is 24. (b) Given that, P(n) : 3n < n! Now, P(7) : 37 < 7!
divisible by r!. Thus n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) is is true
divisible by 4! = 24. Let P(k) : 3k < k!
18. (b) Let P(n) : (1 + x)n ³ (1 + nx) Þ P(k + 1) : 3k+1
For n = 1, (1 + x)1 = 1 + x = 3.3k < 3.k! < (k + 1)! (Q k + 1 > 3)
= 1 + 1·x ³ 1 + 1·x (1 + x)1 ³ 1 + 1·x 25. (c) P = n (n + 1) (n – 1) (n + 2) (n – 2).........(n + r)
For n = k, let P(k):(1 + x)k ³ (1 + kx) is true. (n – r)
For n = k + 1, P(k + 1) : (1 + x)k+1 ³ {1+ (k + 1)x}
= {n (n + 1) (n + 2).......(n + r)} {(n – 1) (n – 2).......(n – r)}
is also true.
= (n + r) (n + r – 1)..........(n + 1) (n) (n – 1).........(n – r)
We will show P(k + 1) is true.
Clearly P is product of (2r + 1) consecutive
Consider (1 + x)k+1 = (1 + x)k·(1 + x) ³ (1 + kx)(1 + x)
integers, so divisible by (2r + 1) !
[if x > –1]
26. (a) For n = 1, P(1) : 65 + k is divisible by 64.
= 1 + x + kx + kx2 ³ 1 + x + kx
Thus k, should be –1
[Q k > 0 and x > –1]
Since 65 – 1 = 64 is divisible by 64.
= 1 + (k + 1)x
Thus, (1 + x)k+1 ³ 1 + (k + 1)x, if x > –1
kn é 1 1 1 ù
27. (a) =ê + + + ...n terms ú
n +1 ë 2 × 4 4× 6 6×8 û
19. (c) 24 º 1 (mod 5) Þ (24)75 º (1)75 (mod 5)
1 é4- 2 6 - 4 8- 6 2n + 2 - 2n ù
i.e. 2300 º 1 (mod 5) Þ 2300 × 2 º (1.2) (mod 5) = ê + + + ... +
2 ë 2 × 4 4× 6 6 ×8 2n(2n + 2) úû
Þ 2301 º 2 (mod 5)
\ Least positive remainder is 2.
1 é1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ù
20. (c) 10n + 3(4n + 2) + 5 Taking n = 2; = ê - + - + - + ... + -
2 ë2 4 4 6 6 8 2n 2n + 2 ûú
102 + 3 × 44 + 5 = 100 + 768 + 5 = 873
Therefore, this is divisible by 9. 1 é1 1 ù n 1
= ê - ú = Þk=
21. (b) S(k) = 1+3+5+...+(2k – 1) = 3 + k2 2 ë 2 2(n + 1) û 4(n + 1) 4

S (1) :1 = 3 + 1, which is not true 28. (c) Let P(n) : Sn

Q S (1) is not true. \ P.M.I cannot be applied
ì n (n + 1)2
Let S(k) is true, i.e. 1 + 3 + 5.... + (2k - 1) = 3 + k 2 ï , when n is even
ï 2
= í 2
Þ 1 + 3 + 5.... + (2k - 1) + 2k + 1 ï n (n + 1)
ïî , when n is odd
2
= 3 + k 2 + 2k + 1 = 3 + ( k + 1) 2
Also, note that any term Tn of the series is
\ S (k ) Þ S (k + 1)
given by
22. (c) Check through option, the
ìï n 2
, if n is odd
condition 3n > n3 is true when n ³ 4 .
Tn = í 2
23. (d) By taking option (d), ïî 2n , if n is even
1
When n = 1, then 1 > [true] We observe that P(1) is true, since
3
1 × 2 1 × (1 + 1)
2
8
When n = 2, then 5 > , [true] P(1) : S1 = 12 = 1 = =
3 2 2
When n = 3, then 14 > 9, [true] Assume that P(k) is true for some natural
64 number k, i.e
When n = 4, then 30 > = 21.33 [true]
3
 EBD_7588
54 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Case I : When k is odd, then k + 1 is even. We Therefore, P(k + 1) is true, whenever P(k) is true
have, for the case when k is even.
P(k + 1) : Sk + 1 = 12 + 2 × 22 + ..... + k2 + 2 × Thus, P(k + 1) is true whenever P(k) is true for
(k + 1)2 any natural number k. Hence, P(n) true for all
natural numbers n.
k 2 (k + 1)
= + 2 × (k + 1)2 29. (a) For n = 1; 54 = 625 = (624 + 1)
2
= (48 × 13) + 1,
(k + 1) k +1 2 i.e 54 leaves 1 as remainder when divided by 13.
= [k2 + 4(k + 1)] = [k + 4k + 4] 30. (b) Given, a0 = 1, an+1 = 3n2 + n + an
2 2
Þ a1 =3(0) + 0 + a0 = 1
2 Þ a2 = 3(1)2 + 1 + a1 = 3 + 1 + 1 = 5
k +1 ëé(k + 1) + 1ùû
= (k + 2)2 = ( k + 1) From option (b),
2 2
Let P(n) = n3 – n2 + 1
So, P(k + 1) is true, whenever P(k) is true, in the
\ P(0) =0 – 0 + 1 = 1 = a0
case when k is odd.
P(1) =13 – 12 + 1 = 1 = a1
Case II : When k is even, then k + 1 is odd.
and P(2) =(2)3 – (2)2 + 1 = 5 = a2
Now, P(k + 1) : Sk + 1 = 12 + 2 × 22
\ an = n 3 – n 2 + 1
+ ..... + 2 . k2 + (k + 1)2

k ( k + 1)
2
2 (k + 1)2 ((k + 1) + 1)
= + (k + 1) =
2 2
 Complex Numbers and
5 Quadratic Equations
1. If the roots of the quadratic equation æ 1- x ö æ2+x ö
2 (a) ln ç ÷ (b) ln ç ÷
x + px + q = 0 are tan 30° and tan 15°, è1+ x ø è 1– x ø
respectively, then the value of 2 + q – p is æ1+ x ö
æ1- x ö tan -1 ç
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1 (c) tan -1 ç ÷ (d) ÷
2. The greatest and the least absolute value of z + 1, è1+ x ø è1- x ø
where | z + 4 | £ 3 are respectively 1
(a) 6 and 0 (b) 10 and 6 8. Let x + = 1 and a, b and c are distinct positive
x
(c) 4 and 3 (d) None of these
æ a 1ö æ b 1ö
3. If z and w are two non-zero complex numbers integers such that çè x + a ÷ø + çè x + b ÷ø
x x
p
such that zw = 1 and Arg ( z ) - Arg ( w ) = ,
2 æ c 1ö
+ çè x + c ÷ø = 0. Then the minimum value of
then zw is equal to x
(a) – i (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) i. (a + b + c) is
4. If a, b, g and a, b, c are complex numbers such
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10
a b g a b c 9. If z is a complex number such that z + |z| = 8 + 12i,
that + + = 1 + i and + + = 0, then the value of |z2| is equal to
a b c a b g
(a) 228 (b) 144 (c) 121 (d) 169
a2 b2 g2 10. A value of b for which the equations
then the value of + + is equal to
a2 b2 c2 x2 + bx – 1 = 0
(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 2i (d) – 2i x2 + x + b = 0
65 have one root in common is
æ 2k p 2k p ö
5. å ç sin
è 8
- i cos
8 ø
÷ (a) - 2 (b) -i 3 (c) i 5 (d) 2
k =33
z
1- i 11. If w = and | w | = 1, then z lies on
i 1
(a) 1 + i (b) 1 – i (c) 1+ (d) z- i
2 2 3
(a) an ellipse (b) a circle
6. If a, b are roots of a x 2 + bx + b = 0, then
(c) a straight line (d) a parabola
a b b 12. z1 and z2 are the roots of 3z2 + 3z + b = 0. If O(0),
+ + is ( b 2 ³ 4ab, a and b are of A(z1), B(z2) form an equilateral triangle, then the
b a a
value of b is
same sign) (a) –1 (b) 1
b (c) 0 (d) does not exist
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2
a
13. If z = x + iy, z1 / 3 = a – ib, then
æ x - x2 ö x y
7. If f (x1 ) - f (x 2 ) = f ç 1 ÷ for x1, x2 Î (–1, 1), – = k ( a 2 – b 2 ) where k is equal to
è 1 - x1 x 2 ø a b
then what is f(x) equal to? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
 EBD_7588
56 Mathematics Objective MCQs
14. Let A 0 A 1A 2A 3A 4 A 5 be a regular hexagon
inscribed in a circle of unit radius. Then the 1 1 1
product of the lengths of the line segments + + ........ + is,
z1 z2 zn
A0A1,A0A2 and A0A4 is 1

3 3 3 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) None

(a) (b) 3 3 (c) 3 (d) 22. If |z| = max {| z - 1 |, | z + 1 |} then
4 2
15. The values of k for which the equations
2
x 2 - kx - 21 = 0 and x - 3kx + 35 = 0 will
have a common roots are: 1
(a) | z + z |= (b) z + z = 1
(a) k = ±4 (b) k = ±1 2
(c) | z + z | = 1 (d) None of these
(c) k = ±3 (d) k = 0 23. The value of a for which the sum of the squares
2 2 of the r oots of the equation
16. If a, b are real and a , b are the roots of the
2 x 2 - 2 ( a - 2 ) x - ( a + 1=
) 0 is least, is
æ 1 ö (a) 1 (b) 3/2 (c) 2 (d) None
equation a 2 x 2 – x + 1 – a2 = 0 çç < a < 1÷÷ and
è 2 ø 24. If A = |x Î IR : x2 + 6x – 7 < 0} and
B = {x Î IR : x2 + 9x + 14 > 0}, then which of the
2 1, then b 2 =
b ¹ following is/ are correct?
1. (A Ç B) = (–2, 1)
1– a2 2. (A\B) = (–7, –2)
(a) a2 (b)
a2 Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(c) 1 – a 2 (d) 1 + a 2 (a) 1 only (b) 2 Only
17. If one root of the equation (1 – m) x2 + l x + 1 = 0 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
is double the other and l is real, then what is the
greatest value of m? p æ 1– pi p –i ö
25. If z = (1 + i) 4 ç + ÷ , then
9 9 8 8 4 è p + i 1 + pi ø
(a) - (b) (c) - (d)
8 8 9 9 æ | z| ö
çç ( z ) ÷÷ equals
(1 + i ) 4 n + 5 è amp ø
18. What is equal to, where n is a natural
(1 - i ) 4 n + 3 (a) 1 (b) p (c) 3p (d) 4
number and i = -1 ? 26. If m1, m2, m3 and m4 respectively denote the
moduli of the complex numbers 1 + 4i, 3 + i, 1 – i
(a) 2 (b) 2i (c) –2 (d) i and 2 – 3i, then the correct one, among the
19. If (a + ib) (c + id )(e + if )(g + ih) = A + iB, then following is
(a2 + b2)(c2 + d2)(e2 + f 2)(g2 + h2) = (a) m1 < m2 < m3 < m4 (b) m4 < m3 < m2 < m1
(a) A2 + B2 (b) A2 – B2 (c) m3 < m2 < m4 < m1 (d) m3 < m1 < m2 < m4
(c) A 2
(d) B 2 27. If both the roots of k (6 x 2 + 3) + rx + 2 x 2 - 1 = 0
20. If centre of a regular hexagon is at origin and
and 6k (2 x 2 + 1) + px + 4 x 2 - 2 = 0 are common,
one of the vertex on argand diagram is 1 + 2i,
then its perimeter is then 2r - p is equal to
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
(a) 2 5 (b) 6 2 (c) 4 5 (d) 6 5 28. For the complex numbers z1 and z2 if
21. If z1 = z 2 = ........... z n = 1, then the | 1 - z1 z2 |2 - | z1 - z2 |2 = k (1- | z1 |2 ) (1- | z2 |2 )
value of z1 + z 2 + ........ z n – then ‘k’ equals to
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) – 2
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 57
35. If |z – 2| = min {|z – 1|, |z – 5|}, where z is a complex
29. The solution of 2 2 x 4 = ( 3 – 1) + i ( 3 + 1) is
number, then

æ 5p 5p ö 3 7
(a) ± ç cos + i sin ÷ (a) Re(z) = (b) Re(z) =
è 48 48 ø 2 2

ì3 7 ü
æ 7p 7p ö (c) Re(z) Î í , ý (d) None of these
(b) ± ç cos + isin ÷ î2 2þ
è 48 48 ø
36. Let x1 and y1 be real numbers. If z1 and z2 are
æ 19p 19p ö complex numbers such that |z1| = |z2| = 4, then
(c) ± ç cos – isin ÷
è 48 48 ø |x1z1 – y1z2|2 + |y1z1 + x1z2|2 =
(d) None of these. (a) 32(x12 + y12)
(b) 16(x12 + y12)
30. If a and b be the values of x in m2 (x2 – x) + 2mx (c) 4(x12 + y12)
+ 3 = 0 and m1 and m2 be two values of m for
(d) 32(x12 + y12) |z1 + z2|2
which a and b are connected by the relation
37. If w is imaginary cube root of unity, then
a b 4 m2 m2
+ = . Then the value of 1 + 2 is ì pü
b a 3 m2 m1 sin í(w13 + w2 ) p + ý is equal to
î 4þ
3 68
(a) 6 (b) 68 (c) (d) -
68 3 3 1 1 3
(a) – (b) – (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
31. If a, b, c Î R and the equations ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
38. The principle value of the arg (z) and | z | of the
a ¹ 0, has real roots a and b satisfying a < – 1
æ 11p ö æ 11p ö
c b complex number z = 1 + cos ç ÷ + i sin ç ÷ are
and b > 1, then 1 + + is è 9 ø è 9 ø
a a respectively.
(a) positive (b) negative
11p æpö
(c) zero (d) None (a) , 2cos ç ÷
8 è 18 ø
32. If the point z1 = 1 + i where i = -1 is the reflection
of a point z2 = x + iy in the line iz – iz = 5, then the 7p æ 11p ö
(b) – , –2cos ç ÷
point z2 is 18 è 18 ø

(a) 1 + 4i (b) 4 + i (c) 1 – i (d) –1 – i 2p æ 7p ö

33. If the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are sin a and cos (c) , 2cos ç ÷
9 è 18 ø
a for some a, then which one of the following is
correct? p æpö
(a) a2 + b2 = 2ac (b) b2 – c2 = 2ab (d) – , – 2cos ç ÷
2 2
9 è 18 ø
(c) b – a = 2ac (d) b2 + c2 = 2ab
34. If 1, w, w2 are the three cube roots of unity, then 39. If l ¹ m and l2 = 5l – 3 , m 2 = 5m – 3 , then the
l m
(aw6 + bw4 + cw2 ) equation whose roots are and is
what is equal to? m l
(b + cw10 + aw8 )
2
(a) x 2 – 5x + 3 = 0 (b) 3 x + 19x + 3 = 0
a
(a) (b) b (c) w (d) w2 (c) 3 x 2 – 19x + 3 = 0 (d) x 2 + 5x – 3 = 0
b
 EBD_7588
58 Mathematics Objective MCQs
-2 (1 + 2i ) (a) 1 or i (b) i or – i
40. If z = where i = -1, th en
3+ i (c) 1 or – i (d) i or – 1
48. For what value of l the sum of the squares of
argument q ( -p < q £ p ) of z is
the roots of x 2 + (2 + l ) x - 1 (1 + l ) = 0 is
3p p 5p 3p 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) - minimum ?
4 4 6 4
41. Number of solutions of the equation, (a) 3/2 (b) 1 (c) 1/2 (d) 11/4

3 z
2 æ z –1 ö
49. If Re ç ÷ = 0, where 2 = x + iy is a complex
z3 + = 0 , where z is a complex number and è z +1 ø
z
number, then which one of the following is
| z |= 3 is correct?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 4 (a) z = 1+ i (b) z =2
7-z
42. If f(z) = , where z = 1 + 2i, then |f(z)| is (c) z =1–i (d) z =1
1 - z2
equal to : 1
50. If is one of the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0,
|z| 2 – –2
(a) (b) | z | where a, b, c are real, then what are the values of
2
(c) 2 | z | (d) None of these a, b, c respectively?
(a) 6, – 4, 1 (b) 4, 6, – 1
43. Let a > 0, b > 0 and c > 0. Then both the roots of
(c) 3, – 2, 1 (d) 6, 4, 1
the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
51. If 2x = 3 + 5i, then what is the value of
(a) are real and negative 2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72?
(b) have negative real parts (a) 4 (b) –4 (c) 8 (d) –8
(c) are rational numbers 52. If z 2 + z + 1 = 0 , where z is complex number, then
(d) None of these the value of
44. The value of (1 + 2w + w2)3n – (1 + w + 2w2)3n is : æ 1ö
2
æ 2 1ö
2
æ 3 1ö
2 2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) w (d) w 2 çè z + ÷ø + çè z + 2 ÷ø + çè z + 3 ÷ø +...... + æç z6 + 1ö
÷ is
z z z è z6 ø
45. The set of all real numbers x for which
(a) 18 (b) 54 (c) 6 (d) 12
x2 – [x + 2] + x > 0, is
(cos x + i sin x) (cos y + i sin y )
(a) (- ¥,-2) È (2, ¥ ) 53. A + iB form of is
(cot u + i)(1 + i tan v)
(b) (- ¥,- 2 )È ( 2,¥ ) equal to :
(a) sinu cosv [cos (x + y – u – v) +
(c) (- ¥,-1) È (1, ¥ ) i sin (x + y – u – v)]
(d) ( 2, ¥ ) (b) sin u cos v [cos (x + y + u + v) +
46. If n is a positive integer grater than unity and z is i sin (x + y + u + v)]
(c) sin u cos v [cos (x + y + u + v) –
a complex satisfying the equation z n = (z + 1) n ,
i sin (x + y – u + v)]
then
(a) Re(z) < 2 (b) Re(z) > 0 (d) None of these
1 x 2 – bc
(c) Re(z) = 0 (d) z lies on x = – 54. If x be real and b < c, then lies in
2 2x – b – c
47. Let Z and W be two complex numbers such that (a) (b, c)
(b) [b, c]
Z £ 1, W £ 1 and Z+ i W = Z – i W = 2.
(c) (– ¥ , b] È [c, ¥ )
Then Z equals (d) (– ¥ , b) È (c, ¥ )
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 59
55. The minimum value of |z| + | z – i| is
x 2 - 3x + 4
(a) 0 (b) 1 63. The solution set of > 1 , x Î R , is
(c) 2 (d) None of these x +1

56. The real roots of the equation x 2 + 5 | x | +4 = 0

(a) (3, + ¥) (b) (-1, 1) È (3, + ¥)
are
(c) [ -1, 1] È [3, + ¥) (d) None of these
(a) {–1, –4} (b) {1, 4}
64. If the roots of the equations px2 + 2qx + r = 0 and
(c) {–4, 4} (d) None of these
qx2 – 2 pr x + q = 0 be real, then
57. The locus of a point in the Argand plane that
moves satisfying the equation (a) p = q (b) q2 = pr
2
(c) p = qr (d) r2 = pr
| z -1+ i | - | z - 2 - i | = 3 :
65. Let a, b be the roots of x 2 + x + 1 = 0 . Then the
3
(a) is a circle with radius 3 and centre at z = equation whose roots are a 229 and a1004 is
2
(b) is an ellipse with its foci at 1 – i and 2 + i and (a) x2 - x -1 = 0 (b) x2 - x +1 = 0
major axis = 3 (c) x 2 + x - 1 = 0 (d) x 2 + x + 1 = 0
(c) is a hyperbola with its foci at 1–i and 2 + i
66. If z, wz ane w z are the vertices of a triangle, then
and its transverse axis = 3
the area of the triangle will be (where w is cube
(d) None of the above
58. The equation whose roots are the nth power of root of unity) :
the roots of the equation x 2 - 2 x cos q + 1 = 0
3 | z |2 3 3 | z |2
is given by (a) (b)
2 2
(a) x 2 + 2 x cos n q + 1 = 0
3 | z |2
(b) x 2 - 2 x cos n q + 1 = 0 (c) (d) None of these
2
(c) x 2 - 2 x sin n q + 1 = 0 67. If w is a complex cube root of unity and
x = w2 – w – 2, then what is the value of x2 + 4x + 7?
(d) x 2 + 2 x sin nq + 1 = 0 (a) – 2 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) 1
59. If both the roots of the equation x2 – 2kx + k2 – 4 = 0 1
lie between –3 and 5, then which one of the 68. Consider f (x) = x2 – 3x + a + , a Î R – {0}, such
a
following is correct? that f (3) > 0 and f (2) £ 0. If a and b are the roots
(a) –2 < k < 2 (b) –5 < k < 3 of equation f (x) = 0 then the value of a2 + b2 is
equal to
(c) –3 < k < 5 (d) –1 < k < 3 (a) greater than 11
60. What is the value of (b) less than 5
(c) 5
( - -1)
4n + 3
( )
9
+ i 41 + i -257 , where n ÎN ? (d) depends upon a and a cannot be
determined.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) i (d) –i 69. If z in any complex number satisfying
61. The points z1 , z 2 , z3 , z 4 in a complex plane are | z - 1 |= 1 , then which of the following is
vertices of a parallelogram taken in order, then correct ?
(a) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (b) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (a) arg(z - 1) = 2 arg z
(c) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (d) None of these 2
62. The greatest and the least value of |z1 + z2| if (b) 2 arg( z) = arg( z 2 - z)
3
z1 = 24 + 7i and |z2| = 6 respectively are
(c) arg(z - 1) = arg(z + 1)
(a) 25, 19 (b) 19, 25
(c) –19, –25 (d) –25, –19 (d) arg z = 2 arg(z + 1)
 EBD_7588
60 Mathematics Objective MCQs
76. What is the real part of (sin x + i cos x)3
1
70. If y = 2 + then where i = -1?
1
4+ (a) –cos 3x (b) –sin 3x
1 (c) sin 3x (d) cos 3x
4+
4 + ..............¥ 77. If z1, z2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
az2 + bz + c = 0 such that Im (z1, z2) ¹ 0 then
(a) y = 6 (b) y = 5 (a) a, b, c are all real
(b) at least one of a, b, c is real
(c) y= 6 (d) y= 5 (c) at least one of a, b, c is imaginary
71. If 0 < a < b < c and the roots a, b of the equation (d) all of a, b, c are imaginary
78. Suppose the quadratic equations
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are imaginary then incorrect
statement is x 2 + px + q = 0 and x 2 + rx + s = 0 are such
(a) | a | = | b | (b) | a | >1 that p, q, r , s are real and pr = 2(q + s). Then
(c) | b | < 1 (d) None of these
72. Let l Î R . If the origin and the non real roots of
2 z 2 + 2 z + l = 0 form the three vertices of an
(a) Both the equations always have real roots.
(b) At least one equation always has real roots
equilateral triangle in the argand plane. Then l is (c) Both the equation always have non real
2 roots
(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) –1 (d) Atleast one equation always has real and
3
equal roots.
73. If a, b be the roots of the equation 79. If a and b (a < b) are the roots of the equation
x 2 - px + q = 0 and a1 ,b1 the roots of the x 2 + bx + c = 0 , where, c < 0 < b, then
equation x 2 - qx + p = 0 , then the equation (a) 0 < a < b (b) a < 0 < b < | a |
whose roots are (c) a < b <0 (d) a < 0 < | a |< b
1 1 1 1 æ pö
+ and + is 80. If z = 1 + i tan aç - p < a < - ÷ , then polar form
a1b ab1 aa1 bb1 è 2ø
of the complex number z is:
(a) pqx 2 - pqx + p 2 + q 2 + 4 pq = 0
1
(a) (cos a + i sin a )
(b) p 2 q 2 x 2 - p 2 q 2 x + p 3 + q 3 - 4 pq = 0 cos a
1
(c) p3 q 3 x 2 - p3 q 3 x + p 4 + q 4 - 4p 2 q 2 = 0 (b) [cos (p + a ) + i sin( p + a )
- cos a
(d) ( p + q ) x 2 - ( p + q ) x + p 2 + q 2 + pq = 0 1
(c) [cos ( 2 p + a ) + i sin( 2 p + a )]
74. If m and n are the roots of the equation cos a
(x + p) (x + q) – k = 0, then the roots of the (d) None of these
equation (x – m) (x – n) + k = 0 are 81. If the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are the
1 1 reciprocals of those of l x 2 + mx + n = 0 then
(a) P and q (b)
and a:b:c=
p q
(a) n : m : l (b) l : m : n
(c) –p and –q (d) p + q and p – q (c) m : n : l (d) n : l : m
75. What is the argument of (1 – sinq) + i cosq ?
é æ a - ib öù
p q p q 82. The value of Arg êi lnç ÷ú , where a and b
(a) - (b) + ë è a + ib øû
2 2 2 2 are real numbers, is
p q p q p
(c) - (d) + (a) 0 or p (b)
4 2 4 2 2
(c) not defined (d) None of these
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 61
83. The roots of the equation 87. Let z = log 2 (1 + i), then (z + z ) + i (z – z ) =
2 2 2 2 2 2
abc x + 3a cx + b cx -6a - ab + 2b = 0 are ln 4 + p p – ln 4
(a) (b)
(a) non real ln 4 ln 2
(b) rational if a, b, c, are rational ln 4 - p p + ln 4
(c) (d)
(c) irrational if a, b, c are rational ln 4 ln 2
(d) None of these 2
84. What is 88. For the equation x + x - 6 = 0 , the roots are
(a) One and only one real number
3
é p æ pöù (b) Real with sum one
ê sin 6 + i çè1 - cos 6 ÷ø ú
ê ú (c) Real with sum zero
ê sin p - i æ1 - cos p ö ú (d) Real with product zero
ç ÷
ëê 6 è 6 ø ûú 89. If z1, z2 and z3 are complex numbers such that
1 1 1
where i = -1, equal to? z1 = z2 = z3 = + + = 1,
z1 z2 z3
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) i (d) –i
then z1 + z2 + z3 is
13
85. The value of the sum å (i n
+i n +1
) ; where (a) equal to 1
(c) greater than 3
(b) less than 1
(d) equal to 3
n=1
90. If the roots of the equation ax2 – bx + c = 0 are a,
i= -1 is: b then the roots of the equation
(a) i (b) –i (c) 0 (d) i – 1 b2cx2 – ab2x + a3 = 0 are
86. If the roots of the equation x2 – ax + b = 0 are real 1 1
and differ by a quantity which is less than (a) 3
, 3
a + ab b + ab
c(c > 0), then b lies between
1 1
(b) ,
a 2 – c2 a2 a 2 + c2 a2 a 2 + ab b 2 + ab
(a) and (b) and
4 4 4 4 1 1
(c) 4 , 4
a + ab b + ab
a 2 – c2 a2
(c) and (d) None of these (d) None of these
2 4

Answer KEYs
1 (b) 10 (b) 19 (a) 28 (a) 37 (b) 46 (d) 55 (b) 64 (b) 73 (b) 82 (a)
2 (a) 11 (c) 20 (d) 29 (a) 38 (b) 47 (c) 56 (d) 65 (d) 74 (c) 83 (b)
3 (c) 12 (b) 21 (a) 30 (d) 39 (c) 48 (c) 57 (c) 66 (b) 75 (d) 84 (c)
4 (c) 13 (d) 22 (d) 31 (b) 40 (b) 49 (d) 58 (b) 67 (c) 76 (b) 85 (d)
5 (d) 14 (c) 23 (b) 32 (a) 41 (d) 50 (a) 59 (d) 68 (c) 77 (c) 86 (a)
6 (d) 15 (a) 24 (c) 33 (c) 42 (a) 51 (a) 60 (c) 69 (a) 78 (b) 87 (c)
7 (a) 16 (b) 25 (d) 34 (c) 43 (b) 52 (d) 61 (b) 70 (d) 79 (b) 88 (c)
8 (c) 17 (b) 26 (c) 35 (c) 44 (a) 53 (a) 62 (a) 71 (c) 80 (b) 89 (a)
9 (d) 18 (a) 27 (b) 36 (a) 45 (b) 54 (c) 63 (b) 72 (b) 81 (a) 90 (b)
 EBD_7588
62 Mathematics Objective MCQs

65
æ 2kp 2kp ö
1. (b) Given equation is x 2 + px + q = 0 5. (d) å çè sin
k = 33 8
- i cos
8 ø
÷
Sum of roots = tan30° + tan15° = – p
é 33p 34 p 65p ù
= êsin + sin + ¼ + sin
Product of roots = tan30° . tan15° = q ë 4 4 4 úû
tan 30° + tan15° -p é 33p 34 p 65p ù
tan 45° = = =1 - i ê cos + cos + ¼ + cos
1 - tan 30°. tan15° 1 - q ë 4 4 4 úû
p p
Þ – p = 1- q Þ q - p = 1 = sin - i cos
4 4
\ 2+ q - p = 3 sin a + sin (a + b) + sin (a + 2b) + … + sin[a + (n–1)b]

{ }
2. (a) We have |z+1| = |z+4–3| ...(i) b nb
sin a + (n - 1) ·sin
Now | z + 4 - 3 | £ | z + 4 | + | -3 | £ 3 + 3 = 6 2 2
=
b
[Given | z + 4 | £ 3 & | - 3 | = 3 ] \| z + 1 | £ 6 sin
2
Again | z + 1 | ³ 0 [modulus is always non- and cos (a) + cos (a + b) + … + cos(a + (n – 1)b)
negative]
\ Least value of |z + 1| may be zero, which occurs
when z = –1, For z = –1, |z + 4| = |–1 + 4| = 3 =
{
cos a + (n - 1)
b
2 } æ nb ö
sin ç ÷
è 2ø
b
Which satisfies the given condition that |z + 4| ³ 3 sin
2
Hence, the least and the greatest values of | z + 1 | æ1+ i ö 1- i
=– ç =
are 0 and 6 è 2 ÷ø 2
2
æ a b ö÷ a2 + b2 (a + b) 2
3. (c) Consider | z w |=| z || w |=| z || w |=| z w |= 1 6. (d) ç + = +2=
ç b a ÷ø ab ab
è
Consider
2
æ bö
Arg( z w) = arg( z ) + arg(w) = - arg( z ) + arg w ç- ÷
p è aø = b
=
=- \ z w = -1 æbö a
2 ç ÷
a b g èaø
4. (c) + + = 1 + i squaring
a b c
a b b
a2 b2 g2 æ ab bg ga ö \ + = [Q a, b are real]
+ + + 2ç + + ÷ = 2i b a a
a2 b2 c 2 è ab bc ac ø

a2 b2 g2 2abg æ c a b ö a b b b
or + + + ç + + ÷ = 2i + + =2
a 2
b 2
c 2 abc çè g a b ÷ø b a a a
2 2
a b g2
\ + + = 2i
a2 b2 c2
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 63
9. (d) z + | z | = 8 + 12i
æ x -x ö
7. (a) f ( x1 ) - f ( x2 ) = f ç 1 2 ÷ 2 2
Þ x + iy + x + y = 8 + 12i
è 1 - x1 x2 ø
x1 , x2 Î (-1, 1) Þ x + x 2 + y2 = 8 ...(i) & y = 12 ...(ii)
(x = –5) So, z = – 5 + 12i
(1 - x) Þ |z|= 25 + 144 = 13 Þ | z2 | = | z |2 = 169
then f ( x) = log
(1 + x) 10. (b) Let a be th e common root of given
equations, then
1 - x1 a2 + ba – 1 = 0 ...(1)
f ( x1 ) = log
1 + x1 and a2 + a + b = 0 ...(2)
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
1 - x2 b +1
f ( x2 ) = log (b – 1) a – (b + 1) = 0 or a =
1 + x2 b -1
Substituting this value of a in equation (1), we get
1 - x1 1 - x2 2
f ( x1 ) - f ( x2 ) = log - log æ b +1 ö æ b +1ö
1 + x1 1 + x2 ç ÷ +bç ÷ -1 = 0
è b - 1 ø è b -1 ø
(1 - x1 ) (1 + x2 )
= log ´ or b3 + 3b = 0 Þ b = 0, i 3, -i 3
(1 + x1 ) (1 - x2 )
z |z|
11. (c) As given w= Þ | w| = =1
(1 - x1 + x2 - x1 x2 ) 1 1
= log z- i |z- i|
(1 + x1 - x2 - x1 x2 ) 3 3
1
(1 - x1 x2 ) - ( x1 - x2 ) Þ z = z- i
= log 3
(1 - x1 x2 ) + ( x1 - x2 )
Þ distance of z from origin and point
æ x -x ö
1- ç 1 2 ÷
1 - x1 x2 ø æ 1ö
= log è ç 0, ÷ is same hence z lies on bisector of the
æ x -x ö è 3ø
1+ ç 1 2 ÷ line joining points (0, 0) and (0, 1/3).
è 1 - x1 x2 ø Hence, z lies on a straight line.
b
æ x -x ö 12. (b) z1 + z2 = –1, z1z2 =
f ( x1 ) - f ( x2 ) = f ç 1 2 ÷ 3
è 1 - x1 x2 ø 02 + z12 + z22 = 0 × z1 + 0 × z2 + z1z2
b
1 Þ (z1 + z2)2 – 2z1z2 = z1z2 Þ 1 = 3z1z2 = 3
8. (c) x + = 1 or x2 – x + 1 = 0 3
x Þb=1

1 3
ip 13. (d) z1 / 3 = a - ib Þ z = (a - ib)3
\ x= ± i or x = e3
2 2 \ x + iy = a 3 + ib3 - 3ia 2 b - 3ab2 . Then
iap – ia x
ap x = a 3 - 3ab 2 Þ = a 2 - 3b 2
\ xa + x–a = e 3 + e 3 = 2 cos a
3
y
ap bp cp y = b 3 - 3a 2 b Þ = b 2 - 3a 2
Hence, cos + cos + cos = 0 b
3 3 3
x y
a, b, c Î I \ a + b + c|min = (1 + 3 + 5) = 9 So, - = 4(a 2 - b 2 )
a b
 EBD_7588
64 Mathematics Objective MCQs

14. (c) Let the vertices be z 0 , z1 ,......z 5 w.r.t 1 2

2 2 1- a
16. (b) a2 + b2 = and a b =
centre O as origin | z 0 | =1, a2 a2
A 0 A1 =| z1 - z 0 |=| z 0 eiq - z 0 |
Þ a 2 + b 2 - 1 = a 2b 2 Þ (a 2 - 1) (b 2 - 1) = 0
\ A 0 A1 =| z 0 || cos q + i sin q - 1 |
1- a 2
= 1. (cos q - 1) 2 + sin 2 q = 2(1 - cos q) Q b 2 ¹ 1 Þ a 2 = 1, so, b 2 =
a2
q q 17. (b) Given equation is
\ A 0 A1 = 2.2 sin 2 = 2 sin ( l - m ) x 2 + lx + 1 = 0
2 2
Roots are a, b.
2p p Q One root is double the other..
Where q = = . Replacing q by 2q and 4q,
6 3 b = 2a
Sum of roots = a + b
2q
we get, A 0 A 2 = 2 sin = 2 sin q &
2 -l 1
3a = a(2a) =
4q l-m (l - m )
A 0 A 4 = 2 sin = 2 sin 2q
2
l2 1
\ (A0 A1)(A0 A 2 )(A0 A 4 ) Þ a2 = 2a 2 =
9(l - m) 2 l-m
p p 2p
= 8sin sin sin l2 1
6 3 3 Þ2 =
9(l - m) 2 (l - m )
æ 1 öæ 3 ö÷æç 3 ö÷
= 8ç ÷çç =3 2l 2
è 2 øè 2 ÷øçè 2 ÷ø Þ =1
9(l - m)
15. (a) Let a be the common root to the equations:
x2 – kx – 21 = 0 and x2 – 3kx + 35 = 0 Þ 2l 2 = 9(l - m) Þ 2l 2 - 9l + 9m = 0
\ 'a' satisfies both the equations For l to be real discriminant should be
\ a2 – k a – 21 = 0 ...(i) b 2 - 4ac ³ 0
and a2 – 3 k a + 35 = 0 ...(ii) 81 - 4 ´ 2 ´ 9m ³ 0
From (i) and (ii), 9
m£ .
a 2 + 35 8
a 2 - 21 =
3 (1 + i)4n + 5
2
Þ 3a - 63 = a + 35 2 18. (a) Given
(1 - i)4n +3
Þ a 2 = 49 Þ a = ±7 (1 + i) 4n +3 .(1 + i) 2 4n + 3
æ1+ iö
Now, again by eliminating a2 from (i) and (ii), we = =ç .(1 + i)2
(1 - i)4n + 3 è 1 - i ÷ø
get
4n +3
ka + 21 = 3ka - 35 é (1 + i)(1 + i) ù
=ê ú g (1 + i 2 + 2i)
56 ë (1 - i)(1 + i) û
Þ 2ka = 56 Þ k =
2a 4n + 3
é1 + i 2 + 2i ù
When a = 7 then k = 4 = ê ú .2i = (i)4n+3 . 2i = 2(i)4n+4
When a = –7 then k = –4 ëê 1 + 1 ûú
Hence, k = ±4 = 2. (i4(n + 1)) = 2
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 65
19. (a) (a + ib)(c + id) (e + if ) (g + ih) = A + iB …(i) 22. (d) If |z–1|>|z + 1|, then max {|z–1|, |z + 1|}= |z – 1|
Þ (a – ib)(c – id )(e – if )(g – ih) = A – iB …(ii) Þ If | z |2 +1 - z - z >| z |2 +1 + z + z then |z| =
Multiplying (i) and (ii), we get |z–1|
(a2 + b2)(c2 + d2)(e2 + f2)(g2 + h2) = A2 + B2 Þ If z + z < 0 then | z | 2 =| z |2 +1 - z - z
20. (d) Let the vertices be z0, z1, …, z5 w.r.t. centre Þ If z + z < 0 then z + z = 1 ,
O at origin and |z0| = 5. which is not possible.
Again If |z+1| > |z–1| then max {|z–1|, |z+1|} = |z+1|
Y Þ If | z | 2 +1 + z + z >| z | 2 +1 - z - z
then | z | = | z + 1 |
(1+2i)
A4 A3
Þ If z + z > 0 then | z | 2 =| z | 2 + 1 + z + z
Þ If z + z > 0 then z + z = -1 Not possible
O (0,0) X again.
A5 A2
Therefore the given result cannot hold.
A0
23. (b) If a, b be the roots of the equation then
A1
a +1
a + b = a - 2, ab = -
2
Þ A0A1 = |z1 – z0| = |z0eiq – z0| Sum of square of roots
= |z0| |cos q + i sin q – 1| S = a 2 + b 2 = ( a + b ) 2 - 2ab
= ( a - 2 ) 2 + ( a + 1) = a 2 - 3a + 5
= 5 (cos q - 1) 2 + sin 2 q 9 11
S = a 2 - 3a + +
4 4
= 5 2(1 - cos q) = 5 2sin(q / 2) æ 3ö
2
11
S = ça - ÷ +
æ pö è 2ø 4
Þ A0A1 = 5. 2 sin ç ÷ = 5 Clearly S is least when
è 6ø
æ 2p p ö 3 3
çèQ q = = ÷ a - = 0Þ a =
6 3ø 2 2
24. (c) x2 + 6x – 7 < 0
Similarly, A1A2 = A2A3 = A3A4 = A4A5 + A5A0 = 6 5 . Þ (x + 7) (x – 1) < 0
Hence the perimeter of, regular polygon is Þ x = (–7, 1)
Þ A = {– 7, – 6, – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1}
= A0A1 + A1A2 + A2A3 + A3A4 + A4A5 + A5A0 = 6 5. Þ x2 + 9x + 14 > 0
21. (a) z1z1 = z 2 z 2 = .... = z n z n = 1 Þ (x + 7) (x + 2) > 0
Þ x = ( -¥, -7 ) È ( -2, ¥ )
1 1 1 1
Þ z1 = , z 2 = , z3 = , ......, z n = Þ B = R – {– 7, – 6, – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2}
z1 z2 z3 zn
B B
1 1 1 –¥ +¥
\ | z1 + z2 + .....+ zn| – z + z + .... + z –7 –2 1
1 2 n
A
So A Ç B = ( -2,1)
=| z1 + z 2 + ... + z n | - | z1 + z 2 + .... + z n |= 0 A/B = (– 7, – 2).
 EBD_7588
66 Mathematics Objective MCQs

29p 29p
p æ 1– pi p –i ö cos + i sin for k = 1
25. (d) z = (1 + i)4 ç + ÷ 48 48
4 è p + i 1 + pi ø
53p 53p æ 5p 5p ö
cos + isin = - ç cos + isin ÷ for k = 2
p é 1+ p + p + 1 ù p 2
48 48 è 48 48 ø
= (1 + i)4 ê ú = (1 + i)4 77 p 77 p æ 29p 29 p ö
4 ë ( p + i )(1+ pi ) û 4 i cos + i sin = -ç cos + i sin ÷
48 48 è 48 48 ø
p 2 æ | z | ö 2p for k = 3
= (2i)2 = 2pi \ ç amp( z ) ÷ = =4 30. (d) The given equation is
4 i è ø p
2
m 2 x 2 + (2 m - m 2 ) x + 3 = 0
26. (c) Let z1 = 1 + 4i, z2 = 3 + i, z3 = 1 – i and z4 = 2 – 3i
\ m1 = |z1|, m2 = |z2|, m3 = |z3| and m4 = |z4|
2m - m 2 m-2 3
Þ m1 = 17, m2 = 10, m3 = 2, and m4 = 13,
\a + b = - 2
= and ab = 2
m m m
Þ m3 < m2 < m4 < m1. Now
27. (b) Given equation can be written as
a b 4 a 2 + b 2 4 (a + b) 2 - 2ab 4
(6k + 2) x 2 + rx + 3k - 1 = 0 ...(i) + = Þ
b a 3 ab
= Þ
3 ab
=
3

and 2(6k + 2) x 2 + px + 2(3k - 1) = 0 ...(ii) Substituting the values, we get

Condition for common root is 2
æ m - 2ö 3
çè ÷ - 2. 2 4
12k + 4 p 6k - 2 m ø m =
= = = 2 or 2r – p = 0
6k + 2 r 3k - 1 3 3
m2
28. (a) | 1 - z1 z2 |2 - | z1 - z2 |2
m 2 - 4m + 4 - 6 4
= (1 - z1 z2 ) (1 - z1 z2 ) - ( z1 - z2 ) ( z1 - z2 ) Þ = Þ m 2 - 4m - 6 = 0
3 3
= 1 - z1 z2 - z1 z2 + z1 z1 z2 z2 - ( z1z1 - z1 z2 m1 and m2 are roots of this equation, therefore
- z1z2 + z2 z2 ) m1+ m2 = 4 and m1m2 = –6
= 1 + z1 z1 z2 z2 - z1 z1 - z2 z2
m12 m 22 m13 + m 23
2 2 2 2 The given expression is, + =
= 1+ | z1 | | z2 | - | z1 | - | z2 | m 2 m1 m1m 2

= (1 - | z1 |2 ) (1 - | z2 |2 )
(m1 + m2 )3 - 3m1m2 (m1 + m2 )
Þ k=1 =
m1m2
3 -1 3 +1 5p 5p
29. (a) x 4 = +i = cos + i sin
2 2 2 2 12 12 (4)3 - 3.( -6).(4) 68
= =-
-6 3
ì kp 5p ü ì kp 5p ü
So, x = cos í + ý + i sin í + ý
î 2 48 þ î 2 48 þ 31. (b) a < -1 . Let a = -1- p
k = 0, 1, 2, 3 b > 1 . Let b = 1+ q , p > 0, q > 0
\ Roots are
5p 5p c b
cos + i sin for k = 0 Now 1 + + = 1 + ab + - a - b
48 48 a a
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 67
= 1 + (1 + q) (–1 – p) + |– 1 – p + 1 + q|
= 1 – (1 + p + q + pq) + |q – p| b2
Þ sin2 a + cos2 a + 2 sin a cos a = 2
a

ì- p - q - pq + q - p = -2p - pq < 0 if q > p 2c b 2

=í Þ 1+ =
î - p - q - pq + p - q = -2q - pq < 0 if q < p a a2

c b a + 2c b 2 2
\ 1+ + <0 Þ = 2 Þ a + 2c = b
a a a a a
32. (a) Let z = a + bi Þ a + 2 ac = b2 Þ b2 – a2 = 2ac
2
34. (c) 1, w and w2 are the three cube roots of unity.
Þ 1 + w + w2 = 0 and w3 = 1.
Z2 = (x + i4) The given expression

3/2 aw 6 + bw 4 + cw 2 a + bw + cw 2
=
b + cw10 + aw8 b + cw + aw2
3/2 [w6 = 1, w4 = w]
b = 5/2 Z1 =1 + i
w (a + bw + cw 2 )
= [Multiplying Nr and Dr by w.]
w (b + cw + aw 2 )
1 real axis
w (a + bw + cw 2 ) w (a + bw + cw 2 )
= = =w
(aw 3 + bw + cw 2 ) (a + bw + cw 2 )
35. (c) |z – 2| = min {|z – 1|, |z – 5|}
Þ z = a - bi i.e., |z – 2| = |z – 1|, where |z – 1| < |z – 5|

\ i z - iz = i éë( a - bi ) - ( a + bi ) ùû = 5 3
Þ Re(z) = which satisfy |z – 1| < |z – 5|
2
Þ i[–2bi] = 5
Also, |z – 2| = |z – 5|, where |z – 5| < |z – 1|
5
Þ b= 7
2 Þ Re(z) = which satisfy |z – 5| < |z – 1|
2
So from figure it is clear that
36. (a) | x1z1 – y1z2 |2 + | y1z1 – x1z2 |2
5 3
x = 1, y = + = 4 = | x1z1 |2 + | y1z2|2 – 2Re(x1y1z1z2)
2 2
+ | y1z1 |2 + | x1z2 |2 + 2Re(x1y1z1z2)
z2 = 1 + 4i
33. (c) Let sin a and cos a be the roots of = x1 | z1 | + y12 | z2 |2 + y12 | z1 |2 + x12 | z2 |2
2 2

ax2 + bx + c = 0 = x12 | z1 |2 + y12 | z2 |2 + y12 | z1 |2 + x12 | z2 |2

–b c = 2(x12 + y12) (42) = 32(x12 + y12)
Now, sin a + cos a = and sin a cos a =
a a ì pü
37. (b) sin í(w13 + w2 ) p + ý
–b î 4þ
Consider sin a + cos a =
a ì pü æ pö
= sin í(w + w2 )p + ý = sin ç - p + ÷
2 î 4 þ è 4ø
b
Squaring both side, (sin a + cos a)2 =
a2 p 1
= - sin =-
4 2
 EBD_7588
68 Mathematics Objective MCQs

11p 11p r sin q –1

38. (b) z = 1 + cos + i sin =
9 9 r cos q –1
Re( z) > 0 and Im(z ) < 0 , so the number lies in
the fourth quadrant. Also p
tan q = 1 = tan
4
11p ì 11p 11p ü
z = 2 cos ícos + i sin ý
18 î 18 18 þ p
Þ q=
4
11p ì æ 7p ö æ 7 p öü
= 2 cos ícos ç - ÷ + i sinç - ÷ý p
18 î è 18 ø è 18 øþ \ q=
4
7p
\ arg (z) = - 3 | z |2 3 3z . z
18 41. (d) z 3 + =0, Þz + =0
z z
11p 11p
| z |= 2 cos = -2 cos
18 18 Þ z 3 + 3z = 0
39. (c) l and µ are the roots of x2 = 5x – 3 or x2 – 5x Let z = reiq
+3=0 Þ r3ei3q + 3re–iq = 0
\ l + µ = 5 and lµ = 3
Þ ei 4q = -1 [Q r = 3]
l µ (l + µ) 2 - 2lµ 19
+ = = Þ cos 4q + i sin 4q = -1
µ l lµ 3
Þ cos 4q = -1 ...(i)
l µ
. =1 Now 0 £ q < 2p Þ 0 £ 4q < 8p
µ l
\ q = p, 3p, 5p, 7p
19
\ Desired equation is x 2 - x +1 = 0 z = 1 + 2i Þ| z |= 1 + 4 = 5
3 42. (a)

or 3x2 – 19x + 3 = 0 7- z 7 - 1 - 2i
\ f (z) = =
1- z 2 1 - (1 + 2i ) 2
–2 (1 + 2i )
40. (b) z =
3+i 6 - 2i 6 - 2i 3-i
= = =
1 - (1 - 4 + 4i ) 4 - 4i 2 - 2i
–2 – 4i –2 – 4i 3 – i
= = ´
3+i 3+i 3–i 3-i |3-i |
Þ | f (z) | = =
2 - 2i | 2 - 2i |
– 6 + 2i – 12i + 4i 2
=
10 9 +1 5 |z|
= = =
– 6 – 10i – 4 –10 – 10i 4+4 2 2
= = = –1 – i
10 10 43. (b) Let a > 0, b > 0, c > 0
z = – 1– i = r (cos q + i sin q) Given equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
On comparing real and imaginary part on both
sides, we get we know that D = b2 – 4ac and
r cos q = – 1 ...(i)
r sin q = – 1 ...(ii) -b ± b2 - 4ac
On dividing eq. (ii) by (i), we get x=
2a
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 69

Let b2 - 4ac > 0, b > 0 Þ (w + w)(z - z) = 0

If a > 0, c > 0 then b 2 - 4 ac < b 2 Þ z = z or w = -w Þ Im (z) = 0 Þ Re(w) = 0

Þ Roots are negative Also | z | = 1, | w | = 1 Þ z = 1 or –1 and w = i
or –i
- b ± i 4ac - b2 48. (c) Given equation is
Let b 2 - 4 ac < 0 , then x =
2a
Þ roots are imaginary and have negative real part. 1
x 2 + (2 + l ) x - (1 + l ) = 0
2
(Qb > 0) .
44. (a) We have, æ1+ lö
So a + b = -(2 + l) = 0 and ab = - çè ÷
2 3n
(1 + w + 2w ) - (1 + w + 2w ) 2 3n 2 ø
We know that, 1 + w + w2 = 0 and w3 = 1
Now, a 2 + b2 = (a + b)2 - 2ab
\ given expression is equal to
(2w - w )3n - (2w 2 - w 2 )3n (1 + l)
Þ a 2 + b2 = [-(2 + l)]2 + 2
= (w )3n - (w 2 )3n = (w3)n – (w3)2n = 1 – 1 = 0 2
45. (b) For x ³ -2 , x2 – x – 2 + x > 0
Þ a 2 + b 2 = l 2 + 4 + 4l + 1 + l
Þ x2 > 2 Þ x Î (-¥, - 2 ) È ( 2 , ¥)

Þ x Î [-2,- 2 ) È ( 2 , ¥) For x < –2 = l 2 + 5l + 5

Which is minimum for l = 1 / 2 .

x2 + x + 2 + x > 0 or x2 + 2x + 2 > 0
which is true for all x. z - 1 x + iy - 1
49. (d) =
Hence x Î ( -¥, - 2 ) È ( 2 , ¥) z + 1 x + iy + 1

46. (d) z n = (z + 1) n Þ| z |n =| z + 1 |n
z - 1 x 2 + y 2 - 1 + 2iy
or | z |=| z + 1 | . =
z + 1 x2 + y 2 + 2 x + 1
So the distance of point z remain same from (0, 0)
and (–1, 0).
So, z lies on perpendicular bisector of line joining æ z -1 ö x2 + y 2 - 1
Þ Re ç ÷ = =0
1 è z + 1 ø x2 + y2 + 2x +1
(0, 0) and (–1, 0) that is on x = -
2
Þ x2 + y 2 - 1 = 0
47. (c) We have 2 = | z + iw | £ | z | + | w | ...(i)
\ |z |+ |w| ³ 2
Þ x2 + y 2 = 1
But given that | z | £ 1 and | w | £ 1 ...(ii)
Þ |z |+ |w| £ 2 Also, z z = x 2 + y 2 = 1
From (1) and (2) | z | = | w | = 1
Also | z + iw | = | z – i w | Þ | z + iw |2 = | z – i w |2 and z z = | z |
2

Þ (z + iw) ( z - i w) = ( z + i w) (z – i w )
Þ | z |2 = 1
Þ zz + iwz - izw + ww = zz - izw + iwz + ww
Þ w z - wz + w z - wz = 0 Þ| z | = 1
 EBD_7588
70 Mathematics Objective MCQs
50. (a) Given quadratic equation
9 - 25 + 30i -8 + 15i
= =
1 4 2
is ax 2 + bx + c = 0 whose one root is 3 2
2 - -2 Now, Consider 2x + 2x – 7x + 72

1 1 2 + 2i
Consider = ´ æ -99 + 5i ö 7(3 + 5i )
2 - -2 2 - 2i 2 + 2i =ç ÷ø + ( -8 + 15i ) - + 72
è 2 2
2 + 2i 2 + 2i 99 5i 21 35
= = =- + - 8 + 15i - - i + 72
4+2 6 2 2 2 2
2 - 2i
\ Another root will be
6 æ 99 21 ö æ5 35 ö
= ç - - 8 - + 72÷ + ç + 15 - ÷ i
(Q complex roots always occurs in pairs) è 2 2 ø è2 2ø
4 -99 - 16 - 21 + 144 8
Thus, sum of roots = 2 + 2i + 2 - 2 2i = = = =4
6 6 6 2 2

æ 2 + 2i öæ 2 - 2i ö 52. (d) z 2 + z + 1 = 0 Þ z = w or w2
and product of roots = ç
ç 6 ÷ç ÷ç 6 ÷÷ 1 2
è øè ø So, z + = w + w = -1
z
4+ 2 1
= = 1
36 6 z2 + = w 2 + w = -1,
z2
\ Required equation is
x2 – (sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0 1
z3 + 3
= w3 + w3 = 2
4 1 z
x2 - x+ =0
6 6 1 1 1
z4 + 4
= -1, z 5 + 5
= -1 and z 6 +
=2
Þ 6 x - 4x + 1 = 0
2 z z z6
\ The given sum = 1+1 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 4 = 12
Thus, the values of a, b, c are 6, – 4, 1 respectively
51. (a) Given 2x = 3 + 5i (cos x + i sin x )(cos y + i sin y )
53. (a) Given
3 + 5i (cot u + i ) (1 + i tan v )
Þ x=
2 (cos x + i sin x ) (cos y + i sin y )
=
3
27 + 125i + 225i + 135i2 (cos u + i sin u)(cos v + i sin v )
Consider x3 =
8 = sin u cos v [cos (x + y – u – v)
+ i sin (x + y – u – v)]
27 - 125i - 225 + 135i æQ i 2 = -1ö
= ç ÷ x 2 - bc
8 è i 3 = -i ø 54. (c) Let y =
2x - b - c
-198 + 10i -99 + 5i Þ x2 – 2yx + (b + c) y – bc = 0
= =
8 4
Q x Î R, so 4 y 2 - 4(b + c) y + 4bc ³ 0
2
9 + 25i + 30i
and x 2 = Þ x £ b or x ³ c (Q b < c)
4
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 71
59. (d) x2– 2kx + k2 – 4 = 0
55. (b) Q(z-i) Þ (x – k)2 – 22 = 0
Þ (x – k – 2)(x – k + 2) = 0
P(z) Þ x = k + 2, k – 2.
Þ k + 2 < 5 & k –2 > – 3
O Þ k < 3 & k > –1
Þ –1< k < 3
Using the result |z1+z2 | £ |z1| + |z2|,
we get |z| + |z – i| = |z| + |i – z| [since |z| = | – z|] 60. (c) Consider
£ | z + i – z | = |i| = 1 (– –1)4 n + 3 + (i 41 + i –257 )9
\ minimum value of |z| + |z–i| is 1
56. (d) Case 1 : x ³ 0 9
= (–i )4n+ 3 + é(i 4 )10 .i1 + (i3 ) –85 .i –2 ù
\ the equation becomes x 2 + 5 x + 4 = 0 ë û
or x = –1, –4 but x ³ 0 9
\ both values, non admissible : 4 n+ 3 é 1 1ù
= (–i ) + êi + .
3 85 2 ú
Case 2 : x £ 0 êë (i ) i úû
The eqn becomes x 2 - 5 x + 4 = 0 or x = 1, 4
9
both values are non admissible, \ No real roots. æ 1ö
= (–i)4n+ 3 + ç i + ÷
è iø
Alternatively, since x 2 ³ 0; x ³ 0
\ x 2 + x + 4 > 0 for all x Î R = – (– 1)4n + 3 (i)4n (i)3 + (i – i)9 = – (1) (– i) + 0 = i
\ x 2 + x + 4 ¹ 0 for any x Î R 61. (b) Let z1, z2, z3 and z4 the points in complex
57. (c) The given eq. implies that the difference plane be the vertices of a parallelogram taken in
between the distances of the moving point from order.
two fixed points (1 – i) and (2 + i) is constant
using the property of the hyperbola that the D(z4) C(z3)
difference between the focal distances of any
point on the curve is constant, the locus in
reference is therefore a hyperbola.
58. (b) The roots of the given equation are
A(z1) B(z2)
2 cos q ± 4 cos 2 q - 4
x= = cos q ± isin q
2 Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect,
Let a = cos q + i sin q & b = cos q - i sin q hence the mid points of AC and BD must coincide
i.e.,
n z1 + z3 z + z4
Then a = cos nq + i sin nq = 2 Þ z1 + z 3 = z 2 + z 4
2 2
b n = cos nq - i sin nq
62. (a) |z1 + z2| £ |z1| + |z2| = |24 + 7i| + 6 = 25 + 6 = 31
[Using De Moivre Theorem]
Also, |z1 + z2| = |z1 – (–z2)| ³ ||z1| – |z2||
a n + b n = 2 cos nq and a n × b n = 1
Þ |z1 + z2| ³ | 25 – 6| = 19
\ The required equation is
Hence the least value of |z1 + z2| is 19 and the
2 greatest value is 25.
x - 2 x cos nq+ 1 = 0
 EBD_7588
72 Mathematics Objective MCQs

y
x 2 - 3x + 4 x 2 - 3x + 4
63. (b) >1Þ -1 > 0
x +1 x +1 B (w, z)
A (z)
x 2 - 4x + 3 ( x + 1)(x - 1)(x - 3)
Þ >0Þ >0
x +1 (x + 1) 2 x
O
Þ ( x + 1)(x - 1)(x - 3) > 0 and x ¹ –1 D
Using method of interval, we get,
x Î (-1, 1) È (3, ¥) C (w, z)
64. (b) Consider both equations
px2 + 2qx + r = 0 ...(i)
2p
and qx 2 - 2 pr . x + q = 0 ...(ii) \ Ð AOB = Ð BOC = Ð COA = also
3
Since, both the equations are quadratic and have OA = OB = OC = |z|. That is the D ABC is equilateral.
real roots, therefore from equation (1), we have Now AC = 2AD = 2 (OA cos 30°)
3
\ 4q2 - 4 pr ³ 0 (using discriminant) = 2 |z| = 3 |z|
2
Þ q2 ³ pr ...(iii) 3 3 3 2
Area of D ABC = (side)2 = |z|
and from second equation 4pr - 4q ³ 0 2 2 2
67. 2
(c) Given x = w – w – 2
2
Þ pr ³ q ...(iv) Þ x + 2 = w2 - w
From eqs. (iii) and (iv) we get q2 = pr. On squaring both sides, we get

( x + 2) = ( w2 - w )
2 2
65. (d) The roots of x 2 + x + 1 = 0 are w and w2
[see the cube roots of unity in complex numbers] Þ x 2 + 4 x + 4 = w4 + w2 - 2 w3
2
Let a = w, b = w Add 3 on both side
Now a 229 = w229 = w 228 .w = (w3 ) 76 .w
= w = a(Q w3 = 1)
Þ x 2 + 4 x + 4 + 3 = w + w2 - 2 + 3 Q w3 = 1 ( )
a1004 = w1002 .w2 = w 3 ( ) 334
. w2 = w2 = b
Þ x 2 + 4 x + 7 = 1 + w + w2

\ equation with roots a 229 and a1004 is same Þ x 2 + 4 x + 7 = 0 (Q 1 + w + w2 = 0 )

as the equation with roots a and b i.e. the original 1 1
equation. 68. (c) f (x) = x2 – 3x + a + ; f (3) = 9 – 9 + a + > 0
a a
66. (b) Let the point A represents the complex 1
number z, B represents wz and C represents w z. Þ a+ >0 Þa>0
a
w & w are complex cube roots of unity clearly 1 a 2 - 2a +1
f (2) = 4 – 6 + a + £0Þ £0
2p a a
wz means rotation of z by an d w2 z
3 ( a –1) 2
2p Þ £0 Þa=1
(= wz) means rotation of wz by . a
3
Therefore, f (x) = x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 has roots 1 and 2.
\ a2 + b2 = 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 73

69. (a) Since | z - 1 |= 1 \ z - 1 = eiq , where Þ ( z 1 + z 2 ) 2 = 3 z1 z 2

arg | z - 1 |= q l 2
Þ ( - 1) 2 = 3 Þl=
2 3
\ z = 1 + cos q + i sin q
2æ 1ö
l = ç > ÷ satisfies the condition (ii). Hence
qé q qù 3è 2ø
= 2cos êcos + i sin ú it is the required result.
2ë 2 2û
73. (b) Here, a + b = p, ab = q
q q q q
= 2cos .eiq /2 = 2 cos 2 + 2i sin cos a1 + b1 = p, a1b1 = p
2 2 2 2
Thus, arg(z - 1) = 2 arg z. Sum of given roots

æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö
70. (d) y -2=
1
=
1
=
1 = çç + ÷+ç
÷ ç aa + bb ÷
÷
é ù 4 + ( y - 2) y + 2 a
è 1 b ab 1ø è 1 1ø
ê 1 ú ab1 + a1b + bb1 + aa 1
4+ ê ú =
1
ê4 + ú aba 1b1
ë 4 +...............¥ û

=
(a + b ) (a1 + b1 ) = pq
=1
Þ ( y - 2)( y + 2) = 1 Þ y 2 - 4 = 1 Þ y 2 = 5
(ab ) (a1b1 ) qp
\ y = ± 5 since y > 0 \y = 5 Product of given roots
71. (c) Since the roots are imaginary \ D < 0 and æ 1 1 öæ 1 1 ö
= çç + ÷ç
÷ ç + ÷
÷
roots occur as conjugate pair, i.e. b = a è a1b ab1 ø è aa1 bb1 ø
\ | b |=| a |=| a | (ab 1 + a1b ) (aa 1 + bb1 )
=-
- b + i 4 ac - b 2 a 2b 2 a12b12
Also, let a =
2a
ab(a12 + b12 ) + a1b1 (a 2 + b 2 )
=
b2 4 ac - b 2 c a 2b 2 a12b12
\|a| = + =
[ ] [ ]
2 2 a
4a 4a
ab (a1 + b1 )2 - 2a1b1 + a1b1 (a + b)2 - 2ab
| a | > 1 (Q c > a ) =
(ab) (a1b1 )
2 2

72.
\ | a |=| b |> 1
(b) For the nonreal roots of the equation =
( ) (
q q 2 - 2 p + p p 2 - 2q ) =p 3
+ q 3 - 4 pq

...(i) q2p2 p2q2

2z 2 + 2z + l = 0
discriminant < 0. Hence, the required equation is

1 ( p 2 q 2 ) x 2 - ( p 2 q 2 ) x + p 3 + q 3 - 4 pq = 0
That is 4 - 8l < 0 Þ l > ...(ii)
2 74. (c) Here m and n are the roots of equation.
Let the roots of (i) be z1 & z2 (x + p) (x + q) – k = 0
x2 + x (p + q) + pq – k = 0 ... (i)
2 l
Then z1 + z 2 = - = -1, z1z 2 = If m and n are the roots of equation, then
2 2 (x – m) (x – n) = 0
z1 and z2 with origin form equilateral triangle if \ x2 – (m + n) x + mn = 0 ... (ii)
Now equation (i) should be equal to equation (ii),
z 2 + z 22 - z 1z 2 = 0
(m + n) = – (p + q) and mn = pq – k
 EBD_7588
74 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Now, we have to find roots of (x – m) (x – n) + k = 0 76. (b) (sin x + i cos x)3
x2 – (m + n) x + mn + k = 0 = sin3 x + (i)3 cos3 x + 3i (sin x) (cos x)
x2 + (p + q) x + (pq – k) + k = 0 (sin x + i cos x)
x2 + (p + q) x + pq = 0 = sin3 x – i cos3 x + 3i sin2 x cos x – 3 sin x cos2 x
x2 + px + qx + pq = 0 = sin 3 x – 3 sin x cos2 x + i cos x (cos2 x + sin2 x)
x (x + p) + q (x + p) = 0 = sin x (sin2 x – 3 cos2 x) + i cos x
\ x + q = 0 or x + p = 0 Real part of (sin x + i cos x)3
\ x = – q and x = –p = sin x (sin2 x – 3 cos2 x)
75. (d) Given complex number is
= sin x [sin2 x – 3 (1 – sin2x)]
(1 – sinq) + i cosq º a + ib
= sin x [4 sin2 x – 3]
b = 4 sin3 x – 3sin x
Argument º tan q =
a = – (3 sin x – 4 sin3 x)
= –sin 3x
cos q
Þ tanq = 77. (c) Since az2 + bz + c = 0 .... (1)
1 - sin q
and z1, z2 (roots of (1)) are such that Im (z1z2) ¹ 0.
Now, z1 and z2 are not conjugates of each other
q q
cos2 - sin 2 Complex roots of (1) are not conjugate of each
= 2 2
other
2q 2q q q
sin + cos - 2sin cos Coefficient a, b, c cannot all be real at least one
2 2 2 2
of a, b, c, is imaginary.
78. (b) Let the discriminant of the equation
æ q qöæ q qö x 2 + px + q = 0 by D1, then D1 = p 2 - 4 q and
ç cos - sin ÷ ç cos + sin ÷
è 2 2 øè 2 2ø the discriminant D 2 of the equation
= 2
æ q qö x 2 + rx + s = 0 is D 2 = r 2 - 4s
ç sin - cos ÷
è 2 2ø
2 2
\ D1 + D 2 = p 2 + r 2 - 4 (q + s ) = p + r - 2 pr
[from the given relation]
q q 2
\ D1 + D 2 = ( p - r ) ³ 0
cos + sin
= 2 2 Clearly at least one of D1 and D2 must be
q q
cos - sin non-negative consequently at least one of the
2 2
equation has real roots.
79. (b) Given a < b , c < 0, b > 0,
q p q
1 + tan tan + tan
2= 4 2 \a + b = - b < 0 and ab = c < 0
=
q p q
1 - tan 1 - tan tan Clearly, a and b have opposite signs and a < b
2 4 2
\ a < 0 and b > 0 Þ a < 0 < b
æp qö Further a + b < 0 Þ b < -a Þ| b | < | -a |
tan q = tan ç + ÷
è4 2ø
Þ b < | a | (b > 0 Þ | b | = b)
p q
Hence, argument = + Hence, a < 0 < b < | a |
4 2
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 75
80. (b) z = 1 + i tan a = r (cosq+i sinq)
æ a - ib ö
Þ r cos q = 1, r sin q = tan a Þ r2 = sec2 a As 2np + argç ÷ is a real number..
è a + ib ø
1 83. (b) The equation is
Þ r = | sec a | =
| cos a | abc 2 x 2 + (3a 2 c + b 2c) x - 6a 2 - ab + 2b 2 = 0
p Discriminant
Since, - p < a < -
2 D = (3a 2 + b 2 ) 2 c 2 - 4abc2 (-6a 2 - ab + 2b 2 )
Þ cos a < 0 Þ | cos a | = - cos a = 9a 4 c 2 + b4c 2 + 6a 2b 2c 2 + 24a 3bc 2
1 +4a 2 b 2 c2 - 8ab 3c 2
\ r= . Further, we get
- cos a
= 9a 4 c 2 + 16a 2 b 2 c2 + b 4 c 2 + 24a 3bc2
cos q = – cos a = cos (p + a)
p p -8ab3c 2 - 6a 2 b 2 c2
Now, - p < a < - Þ p - p < p + a < p -
2 2
= (3a 2 c + 4 abc - b 2 c ) 2
p
Þ 0 < p+a < [Converted to principal Since, the discriminant is a prefect square,
2
value] therefore the roots are rational provided a, b, c,
\ cos q = cos (p + a ) Þ q = p + a are rational.

1
Hence, z = - cos a [cos (p + a) + i sin(p + a)] 3
é p æ p öù
ê sin + i ç1 – cos ÷
81. (a) If a, b be the roots then 6 è 6 øú
84. (c) ê ú
b c ê sin p æ p öú
a + b = - , ab = – i ç1 – cos ÷
a a êë 6 è 6 ø úû
1 1
Now the roots of l x 2 + mx + n = 0 are ,
a b
3
1 1 m 1 1 n é p p æ 2 p öù
\ + = - and . = ê 2 sin 12 cos 12 + i çè 2 sin 12 ÷ø ú
a b l a b l
=ê ú
a +b m a n ê 2 sin p cos p – i æ 2 sin 2 p ö ú
or =- and = êë çè ÷
ab l c l 12 12 12 ø úû
b m a n
or - =- and =
c l c l
3 3
a b c é p pù æ ip ö
or = = . \a : b : c = n : m : l ê cos 12 + i sin 12 ú ç e 12 ÷
n m l =ê ú =ç
p p p ÷
æ a - ib ö a - ib é æ a - ib öù ê cos – i sin ú ç –i 12 ÷
82. (a) lnç ÷ = ln + i ê2np + argç ÷ú ë 12 12 û è e ø
è a + ib ø a + ib ë è a + ib øû
é æ a - ib öù a - ib 3
= i ê2np + argç ÷ú Since =1 æ ipö i´3´
p
i
p
ë è a + ib øû a + ib ç e 6 ÷ = e 6 = e 2
=
é æ a - ib öù
çè ÷ø
\ Arg êi l n ç ÷ú
ë è a + ib øû
p p
é
= cos + i sin =i
æ a - ib öù 2 2
= Arg ê - 2np - argç ÷ú = 0 or p
ë è a + ib øû
 EBD_7588
76 Mathematics Objective MCQs

13 13 88. (c) When x < 0, x = - x

úû = å i Ζ1 ∗ i ∴
é n n ∗1 ù
(d) å êëi ∗i
n
85. \ Equation is x 2 - x - 6 = 0 Þ x = - 2, 3
n <1 n <1
Q x < 0, \ x = -2 is the solution.
(1 + i ) i é1 - i13 ù When x ³ 0, x = x
= (1 + i ) éëi + i + i .... i ùû =
2 3 13
(1 - i ) ë û
\ Equation is x 2 + x - 6 = 0 Þ x = 2, -3
( -1 + i ) (1 - i13 ) -1 + i13 + i - i14 Q x ³ 0, \ x = 2 is the solution,
= =
(1 - i ) (1 - i ) Hence x = 2 , – 2 are the solutions and their sum
is zero.
89. (a) |z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 (given)
-1 + (i 2 )6 .i + i - (i 2 )7 2i + 2i 2
= = = (i – 1) Now, |z1| = 1 Þ |z1|2 = 1 Þ z1 z1 = 1
(1 - i) 1 - i2
86. (a) Given roots are real and distinct, then Similarly, z2 z2 = 1, z3 z3 = 1
a2 – 4b > 0
Þ b < a2/4 Now, 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 Þ | z1 + z2 + z3 |= 1
Again a and b differ by a quantity less than c(c >0) z1 z2 z3
Þ |a – b| < c or (a – b)2 < c2
Þ (a + b)2 – 4ab < c2 or a2 – 4b < c2 Þ | z1 + z2 + z3 |= 1 Þ |z1 + z2 + z3 | = 1

a 2 – c2 c
or <b 90. (b) Multiplying the second equation by ,
4 a3

a 2 – c2 a2 b 2c 2 b2 c
Þ <b< by (1) and (2) we get x2 – x+c=0
4 4 a3 a2

87. (c) z = log 2 (1 + i ) = log 2 ( 2e ip / 4 ) æ bc ö

2
æ bc ö
Þ aç x÷ – b ç ÷ x + c = 0
1 p è a2 ø è a2 ø
= + i log 2 e
2 4 bc
Þ x = a, b
p a2
\ z + z = 1 and z - z = i log 2 e
2 Þ (a + b)ab x = a, b
Hence, (z + z ) + i(z - z ) 1 1
Þx= ,
p p ln 4 - p (a + b)a (a +b)b
= 1 - log 2 e = 1 - =
2 2 ln 2 ln 4
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 6 Linear Inequalities
1. The shaded region shown in the figure is given 1
by the inequations 7. If 5{x} = x + [ x] and [ x ] - {x} = when {x} and
2
Y [ x ] are fractional and integral part of x then x is
(0, 14) (19, 14) 1 3 5 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
8. Ravi obtained 70 and 75 marks in first two unit
X tests. Then, the minimum marks he should get in
(15, 0)
the third test to have an average of at least 60
(a) 14x + 5y ³ 70, y £ 14 and x – y ³ 5
marks, are
(b) 14x + 5y £ 70, y £ 14 and x – y ³ 5
(a) 45 (b) 35
(c) 14x + 5y ³ 70, y ³ 14 and x – y ³ 5
(c) 25 (d) None of these
(d) 14x + 5y ³ 70, y £ 14 and x – y £ 5
2. The number of real values of parameter k for which d2 + R 2 - r 2
9. If R ³ r > 0 and d > 0, then 0 < £1
(log16 x)2 - log16 x + log16 k = 0 will have 2dR
exactly one solution is (a) is satisfied if | d – R | £ r
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 4
(b) is satisfied if | d - R | £ 2r
x+3 + x
3. Solve for x, >1 (c) is satisfied if | d – R | ³ r
x+2
(d) is not satisfied at all
(a) x Î (–5, –2) È (–1, ¥)
10. The length of a rectangle is three times the
(b) x Î (5, 2) È (–1, ¥) breadth. If the minimum perimeter of the rectangle
(c) x Î (5, 2) is 160 cm, then what can you say about breadth?
(d) x Î (–1, ¥) (a) breadth = 20 (b) breadth £ 20
4. The solution set of the inequality (c) breadth ³ 20 (d) breadth ¹ 20
37 – (3x + 5) ³ 9x – 8 (x – 3) is 11. Which of the following linear inequalities satisfy
(a) (– ¥, 2) (b) (– ¥, –2) the shaded region of the given figure?
(c) (– ¥, 2] (d) (– ¥, – 2]
(a) 2x + 3y ³ 3 æ 9ö
çè 0, ÷ø
5. Solution of 2x – 1 = | x + 7| is 2
(a) –2 (b) 8 (b) 3x + 4y £ 18
(c) –2, 8 (d) None of these
(c) x – 6y £ 3 O
6. The inequality representing the following graph is
Y (d) All of these
(a) | x | < 3
12. The solution set of ( x) 2 + ( x + 1) 2 = 25 ,
(b) | x | £ 3
X¢ X where (x ) is the least integer greater than or equal
–3 O 3
(c) | x | > 3
to x, is
(d) | x | ³ 3 Y¢ (a) (2, 4) (b) (-5, - 4] È (2, 3]
(c) [-4, - 3) È [3, 4) (d) None of these
 EBD_7588
78 Mathematics Objective MCQs
13. A man wants to cut three lengths from a single 3x – 4 x + 1
piece of board of length 91 cm. The second length 19. If ³ – 1, then x Î
is to be 3 cm longer than the shortest and the 2 4
third length is to be twice as long as the shortest. (a) [1, ¥) (b) (1, ¥)
The possible length of the shortest board, if the (c) (–5, 5) (d) [–5, 5]
third piece is to be at least 5 cm longer than the 20. Solution set of the inequality
second, is
(a) less than 8 cm 1
log3 (x + 2) (x + 4) + log1/3 (x + 2) < log 3 7 (1) is
(b) greater than or equal to 8 cm but less than 2
or equal to 22 cm (a) (– 2, – 1) (b) (– 2, 3)
(c) less than 22 cm (c) (– 1, 3) (d) (3, ¥)
(d) greater than 22 cm 21. The area and perimeter of a rectangle are A and
14. The solution set of P respectively. Then P and A satisfy the
inequality.
2x - 1 æ 3x - 2 ö æ 2 - x ö
³ç ÷-ç ÷ is (–¥, a]. The (a) P + A > PA (b) P2 £ A
3 è 4 ø è 5 ø (c) A – P < 2 (d) P2 ³ 16A
value of ‘a’ is
12x
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 22. If ³ 1 for all real values of x, the
4x 2 + 9
15. For positive real numbers a, b, c such that
a + b + c = p, which one does not hold? inequality being satisfied only if | x | is equal to
3 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3 2
23. A manufacturer has 600 litres of a 12% solution
8 3
(a) (p – a) (p – b) (p – c) £ p of acid. How many litres of a 30% acid solution
27 must be added to it so that acid content in the
(b) (p – a) (p – b) (p – c) ³ 8abc resulting mixture will be more than 15% but less
than 18%?
bc ca ab (a) more than 120 litres but less than 300 litres
(c) + + £p
a b c (b) more than 140 litres but less than 600 litres
(d) None of these (c) more than 100 litres but less than 280 litres
(d) more than 160 litres but less than 500 litres
16. If x satisfies the inequalities x + 7 < 2x + 3 and 24. The number of integral roots of the equation
2x + 4 < 5x + 3, then x lies in the interval | x - 1 | + | x + 2 | - | x - 3 |= 4 is
(a) (– ¥, 3) (b) (1, 3)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
(c) (4, ¥) (d) (–¥, –1)
17. The solution set of the inequality 25. Solution of | x – 1 | ³ | x – 3 | is
1/ x (a) x £ 2 (b) x ³ 2
æ 1 ö
5x +2 > ç ÷ is (c) [1, 3] (d) None of these
è 25 ø 26. If a, b, c are distinct positive real numbers then the
(a) (-2, 0) (b) (-2, 2) expression (b + c – a) (c + a – b) (a + b – c) – abc is
(c) (-5, 5) (d) (0, ¥) (a) positive (b) negative
18. The solution set of the inequality (c) non-positive (d) non-negative
3 27. The set of real values of x satisfying |x – 1| £ 3 and
| x + 2 | - | x - 1 |< x - is |x – 1| ³ 1 is
2
(a) [2, 4]
æ9 ö æ 3ö
(a) ç , ¥÷ (b) ç - ¥, ÷ (b) (-¥, 2] È [4, + ¥)
è 2 ø è 2ø
(c) [-2, 0] È [2, 4]
æ 3ö æ 3ö
(c) ç - 2, - ÷ (d) ç - 1, ÷ (d) None of these
è 2ø è 2ø
Linear Inequalities 79
28. The set of real values of x satisfying 36. Consider the following statements.
| x - 1 |£ 3 and | x - 1 |³ 1 is 3(x - 2)
(a) [2, 4] I. Solution set of the inequality –15 < £0
5
(b) (-¥, 2] È [4, + ¥) is (–23, 2]
(c) [-2, 0] È [2, 4] II. Solution set of the inequality
(d) None of these 3 x + 11 é 11 ù
29. Set of values of x satisfying the inequality 7£ £ 11 is ê1, ú
2 ë 3û
x 2 + 6x - 7 III. Solution set of the inequality
< 0 is /are
| x+4|
2 - 3x
(a) (-¥, - 7) (b) ( -7, 4) –5£ £ 9 is [–1, 1] È [3, 5]
4
(c) (-4, 1) (d) (1, ¥) Choose the correct option
30. A vertex of a feasible region by the linear con-
(a) Only I and II are true.
straints 3x + 4y £ 18, 2x + 3y ³ 3 and x, y ³ 0, is
(a) (0, 2) (b) (4.8, 0) (b) Only II and III are true.
(c) (0, 3) (d) None of these (c) Only I and III are true.
31. For x Î R , x is defined as follows : (d) All are true.
37. The marks obtained by a student of class XI in
ì x + 1, 0 £ x < 2 first and second terminal examinations are 62 and
x =í
î | x - 4 |, x³2 48, respectively. The minimum marks he should
Then the solution set of the equation get in the annual examination to have an average
2 of at least 60 marks, are
x +x = x + x 2 is (a) 70 (b) 50 (c) 74 (d) 48
(a) {–1, 1} (b) [2, ¥) 1 1
38. Solution set of the inequality x
> is
(c) [0, 2) (d) {0, 2} 2 –1 1– 2 x –1
x+3 +x (a) (1, ¥) (b) (0, log2(4/3))
32. If > 1, then x Î (c) (– 1, ¥) (d) (0, log2(4/3)) È (1, ¥)
x+2
39. If the equation 2x + 4y = 2y + 4x is solved for y in
(a) (–5, –2) (b) (–1, ¥) terms of x where x < 0, then the sum of the
(c) (–5, –2) È (–1, ¥) (d) None of these solutions is
(a) x log2 (1 – 2x) (b) x + log2(1 – 2x)
33. The equation | x - 1 | +a = 4 can have real x
(c) log2(1 – 2 ) (d) x log2(2x + 1)
solutions for x if ‘a’ belongs to the interval 40. The set of real values of x satisfying
(a) (-¥, + ¥) (b) (-¥, 4] | x - 1 | -1 | £ 1 is
(c) (4, + ¥) (d) [–4, 4]
34. Number of integral values of x satisfying the (a) [-1, 3] (b) [0, 2]
2 (c) [–1, 1] (d) None of these
6 x + 10 – x
æ 3ö 27
inequality ç ÷ < is 41. A company manufactures cassettes. Its cost and
è 4ø 64
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 revenue functions are C(x) = 26000 + 30x and R(x)
35. The graph of inequations x £ y and y £ x + 3 is = 43x, respectively, where x is the number of
located in cassettes produced and sold in a week.
(a) II quadrant The number of cassettes must be sold by the
(b) I, II quadrants company to realise some profit, is
(c) I, II, III quadrants (a) more than 2000 (b) less than 2000
(d) II, III, IV quadrants (c) more than 1000 (d) less than 1000
 EBD_7588
80 Mathematics Objective MCQs
42. If a, b and c are three positive real numbers such
46. If ( 2) x + ( 3) x = ( 13) x / 2 , then the number
that a + b ³ c, then of values of x is
a b c (a) 2 (b) 4
(a) + ³
1 + a 1+ b 1 + c (c) 1 (d) None of these
a b c 47. Number of real roots of the equation
(b) + <
1+ a 1+ b 1+ c
x + x - 1 - x = 1 is
a b c
(c) + > (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
1 + a 1+ b 1+ c
(d) None of these 48. The number of real roots of the equation
43. The least integer a, for which
| 2- | 1- | x |||= 1 is
1 + log 5 ( x 2 + 1) £ log 5 (ax 2 + 4x + a ) is true for
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6
all x Î R is 49. The set of points (x, y) satisfying the inequalities
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 1 x + y £ 1, –x –y £ 1 lies in the region bounded by
44. Solution of | 2x – 3 | < | x + 2 | is the two straight lines passing through the
respective pair of points
æ 1ö æ1 ö (a) {(1, 0) (0, 1)} and {(–1, 0), (0, –1)}
(a) çè – ¥, ÷ø (b) çè , 5 ÷ø
3
3 (b) {(1, 0), (1, 1)} and {(–1, 0), (0, –1)}
(c) {(–1, 0), (0, –1)} and {(1, 0), (–1, 1)}
æ 1ö
(c) (5, ¥) (d) çè – ¥, ÷ø È (5, ¥) (d) {(1, 0), (0, –1)} and {(–1, 0), (0, 1)}
3
50. The equation log 3 (3x - 8) = 2 - x has the
45. The solution set of the inequalities 3x – 7 > 2(x – 6) solution
and 6 – x > 11 – 2x, is (a) x = 1 (b) x = 2
(a) (–5, ¥) (b) [5, ¥) (c) x = 3 (d) x = 4
(c) (5, ¥) (d) [–5, ¥)

Answer KEYs
1 (d) 6 (a) 11 (d) 16 (c) 21 (d) 26 (b) 31 (d) 36 (a) 41 (a) 46 (c)
2 (c) 7 (b) 12 (b) 17 (d) 22 (a) 27 (c) 32 (c) 37 (a) 42 (a) 47 (b)
3 (a) 8 (b) 13 (b) 18 (a) 23 (a) 28 (c) 33 (b) 38 (d) 43 (b) 48 (c)
4 (c) 9 (a) 14 (a) 19 (a) 24 (c) 29 (c) 34 (c) 39 (b) 44 (b) 49 (a)
5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (c) 20 (b) 25 (b) 30 (d) 35 (c) 40 (a) 45 (c) 50 (b)
Linear Inequalities 81

1. (d) From the figure it is clear that there are 3 Þ (x + 5 < 0 and x + 2 > 0 )
lines. or (x + 5 > 0 and x + 2 < 0)
Line which passes from (0, 14) and (19, 14) is y = 14 Þ (x < – 5 and x > – 2)
\ In the shaded region 0 £ y £ 14 or (x > – 5 and x < – 2). It is not possible.
Line which passes from (5, 0) and (0, 14) is Þ x Î (– 5, – 2) ...(2)
14 x + 5y = 70 Combining (1) and (2), the required solution is
\ In the shaded region 14x + 5y ³ 70 x Î (– 5, – 2) È (– 1, ¥ )
Line which passes from (5, 0) and (19, 14) is 4. (c) We have, 37 – (3x + 5) ³ 9x – 8(x – 3)
x – y– 5 = 0 (37 – 3x – 5) ³ 9x – 8x + 24
\ In the shaded region x – y £ 5 Þ 32 – 3x ³ x + 24
Thus, inequations are 14 x + 5y ³ 70, x – y £ 5, Transferring the term 24 to L.H.S. and the term
y £ 14. (–3x) to R.H.S.
2. (c) The equation is 32 – 24 ³ x + 3x Þ 8 ³ 4x Þ 4x £ 8
Dividing both sides by 4,
(log16 x ) 2 - log16 x + log16 k = 0
4x 8
Clearly x > 0 £ Þx£2
Solving the equation, we get 4 4
1 ± 1 - 4(log16 k )
log16 x =
2 –¥ 0 1 2 +¥
\ Solution set is (–¥, 2].
For exactly one solution 1 - 4 log16 k = 0
ì x + 7, if x ³ - 7
Þ k 4 = 16 Þ k = ±2 [ taking real values] 5. (b) 2x – 1 = | x + 7| = í
î - ( x + 7), if x < - 7
Now log16 k is defined if k > 0 Þ k = 2 \ If x ³ – 7, 2x – 1 = x + 7 Þ x = 8
x+3 + x
If x < –7, 2x –1 = –(x + 7)
3. (a) We have >1 Þ 3x = – 6 Þ x = – 2, which is not possible.
x+2 6. (a) The shaded region in the figure lies between
x + 3+ x x = –3 and x = 3 not including the line x = –3 and
Þ -1 > 0 x = 3 (lines are dotted). Therefore, –3 < x < 3
x+2 Þ |x| < 3 [Q | x | < a Û –a < x < a]
x+3 -2
Þ > 0 Now two cases arise : 1
x+2 7. (b) 5{x} = x + [ x] and [ x ] - {x} =
Case I : When x + 3 ³ 0, i.e., x ³ – 3. 2
since x = [ x] + {x} Þ 4{x} = 2[x ] and
x+3 -2 x+3- 2
Then >0 Þ >0 1
x+2 x+2 [ x ] - {x} =
x +1 2
Þ > 0 Þ {(x + 1) > 0 and x + 2 > 0} 1 1 3
x+2 \ x = 1+ = .
after solving [x] = 1 and {x} =
or {x + 1 < 0 and x + 2 < 0} 2 2 2
Þ {x > – 1 and x > – 2} or {x < – 1 and x < –2} 8. (b) Let Ravi got x marks in third unit test.
\ Average marks obtained by Ravi
Þ x > – 1 or x < – 2 Þ x Î (-1, ¥)
Sum of marks in all tests
or x Î ( - ¥, - 2) =
Number of tests
Þ x Î ( -3, -2) È ( -1, ¥) [Since x ³ -3 ] …(1)
Case II : When x + 3 < 0, i.e., x < – 3 70 + 75 + x 145 + x
= =
x+3 -2 -x - 3 - 2 3 3
>0 Þ >0 Now, it is given that he wants to obtain an
x+2 x+2 average of at least 60 marks.
-( x + 5) x+5 At least 60 marks means that the marks
Þ >0 Þ <0 should be greater than or equal to 60.
x+2 x+2
 EBD_7588
82 Mathematics Objective MCQs
145 + x
i.e. ³ 60 2x - 1 15x - 10 - 8 + 4x
3 14. (a) ³
Þ 145 + x ³ 60 × 3 3 20
Þ 145 + x ³ 180
2x - 1 19x - 18
Now, transferring the term 145 to R.H.S., Þ ³
x ³ 180 – 145 Þ x ³ 35 3 20
i.e. Ravi should get greater than or equal Þ 40x – 20 ³ 57x – 54 Þ –17x ³ –34 Þ x £ 2
to 35 marks in third unit test to get an Þ x Î (–¥, 2]
average of at least 60 marks. 15. (c) Using A.M.³ G.M. one can show that
\ Minimum marks Ravi should get = 35. (b + c) (c + a) (a + b) ³ 8abc
9. (a) Given R ³ r > 0 and d > 0 Þ (p – a) (p – b) (p – c) ³ 8abc
d2 + R 2 - r 2 Therefore, (b) holds. Also,
Þ 0< £1
2dR (p - a) + (p - b) + (p - c)
Þ 0 < (d + R – r) (d + R + r) £ 2 dR; which is true iff ³ [(p – a)
3
(d2 + R2 – r2) £ 2 dR, which is true iff d2 + R2
– 2dR £ r2 (p – b) (p – c)]1/3
Þ (d – R)2 £ r2 3p- (a + b+ c)
| d – R | £ r, which is also – r £ (d – R) £ r or ³ [(p – a) (p – b) (p – c)]1/3
3
| d – R | £ r, which is also – r £ (d – R) £ r
10. (c) If x cm is the breadth, then 2p
or ³ [(p – a) (p – b) (p – c)]1/3
2(3x + x ) ³ 160 Þ x ³ 20 3
11. (d) From the graph, 3
–7x + 4y £ 14, x – 6y £ 3 or (p – a) (p – b) (p – c) £ 8p
3x + 4y £ 18, 2x + 3y ³ 3 27
Therefore, (a) holds. Again,
12. (b) (x) 2 + (x + 1) 2 = 25 Þ (x) 2 + {(x) + 1}2 = 25
1 æ bc ca ö æ bc ca ö
2
Þ 2(x ) + 2(x ) - 24 = 0 ç + ÷³ ç ÷
2è a bø è a bø
Þ ( x ) 2 + ( x ) - 12 = 0 Þ ( x ) = -4 or 3 and so on. Adding the inequalities, we get
Now(x) = –4 Þ - 5 < x £ -4 and bc ca ab
+ + ³a+b+c= p
(x) = 3 Þ 2 < x £ 3 a b c
\ Solution set is (-5, - 4] È (2, 3] Therefore, (c) does not hold.
13. (b) Let the shortest side be x cm. 16. (c) x + 7 < 2x + 3 2x + 4 < 5x + 3
Then, by given condition, second length 1
= x + 3 cm Þ 4< x 1 < 3x Þ x >
Third length = 2x cm 3
Also given, total length = 91
Hence, sum of all the three lengths should be 1
so, x > and x > 4 \ x lies in (4, ¥).
less than or equal to 91 3
Þ x + x + 3 + 2x £ 91 Þ 4x + 3 £ 91 17. (d) We have
Subtracting (–3) to each term, –3 + 4x + 3 £ 91 – 3
1 2
4x 88 88 æ 1 öx - 2
Þ 4x £ 88 Þ £ Þ x£ 5x +2 > ç ÷ Þ 5 x +2 > 5 x Þ x + 2 > -
4 4 4 è 25 ø x
Þ x £ 22 cm ... (i)
Again, given that Third length ³ Second length + 5 [Qbase 5 > 1]
Þ 2x ³ (x + 3) + 5 Þ 2x ³ x + (3 + 5)
Transferring the term x to L.H.S., 2 x 2 + 2x + 2 1
Þ x+2+ > 0Þ >0Þ >0
2x – x ³ 8 Þ x ³ 8 ... (ii) x x x
From equations (i) and (ii), length of shortest
board should be greater than or equal to 8 but [Q x 2 + 2x + 2 > 0 " x Î R ]
less than or equal to 22, i.e., 8 £ x £ 22.
Þ x > 0 or x Î (0, ¥)
Linear Inequalities 83

3 21. (d) Let x be the length and y be the breadth

18. (a) The inequality is | x + 2 | - | x - 2 |< x - . of a rectangle. A = xy, P = 2 (x + y)
2 Since (x + y)2 ³ 4xy
Dividing the problem into three intervals :
2
3 æ Pö
(i) If x < –2, then - ( x + 2) + ( x - 1) < x - Þ ç ÷ ³ 4A Þ P2 ³ 16A.
2 è2ø
3 12x 12 | x |
Þx > - 22. (a) ³1Þ ³1
2
2 4x + 9 4x 2 + 9
3 Q 4x 2 + 9 > 0
But - > -2 , hence no common values
2
Þ x Îf Þ 4x 2 - 12 | x | +9 £ 0
3 Þ 4 | x |2 -12 | x | +9 £ 0
(ii) If -2 £ x < 1, then ( x + 2) + ( x - 1) < x -
2 3
5 Þ (2 | x | -3)2 = 0 Þ| x |=
Þx<- 2
2 23. (a) Let x litres of 30% acid solution is required
5 to be added. Then,
But - < -2 , hence no common values Total mixture = (x + 600) litres
2
Þ x Îf \ 30% of x + 12% of 600 > 15% of (x + 600)
and 30% of x + 12% of 600 < 18% of (x + 600)
3
(iii) If x ³ 1 , then ( x + 2) - ( x - 1) < x - 30x 12 15
2 or + (600) > (x + 600)
100 100 100
9
Þx> 30x 12 18
2 and + (600) < (x + 600)
100 100 100
9
Q > 1. or 30x + 7200 > 15x + 9000 and 30x + 7200
2 < 18x + 10800
Þ common solution is or 15x > 1800 and 12x < 3600 or x > 120
9 æ9 ö and x < 300
x> Þ x Îç ,¥÷ i.e. 120 < x < 300
2 è2 ø Thus, the number of litres of the 30% solution
æ9 ö of acid will have to be more than 120 litres but
\ Solution set is x Î ç , ¥ ÷ less than 300 litres.
è2 ø
24. (c) | x - 1 | + | x + 2 | - | x - 3 |= 4 , has three
3x – 4 x + 1 absolute value expressions, thus we divide the
19. (a) We have ³ –1
2 4 problem into four intervals :
3x – 4 x – 3 (i) If x< –2 then
or ³
2 4 -( x - 1) - ( x + 2) + ( x - 3) = 4 Þ x = -8
or 2(3x – 4) ³ (x – 3) or 6x – 8 ³ x – 3 (ii) If -2 £ x < 1, then
or 5x ³ 5 or x ³ 1
Thus, all real numbers which are greater -(x - 1) + (x + 2) + (x - 3) = 4
than or equal to 1 is the solution set of the Þ x = 4 Ï[-2, 1), hence rejected
given inequality.
\ x Î [1, ¥). (iii) If 1 £ x < 3 , then
20. (b) (x + 2) (x + 4) > 0. x + 2 > 0 Þ x > – 2. ( x - 1) + ( x + 2) + ( x - 3) = 4 Þ x = 2
Now (1) can be written as (iv) If x ³ 3, then
(log 7) / 2 ( x - 1) + (x + 2) - ( x - 3) = 4 Þ x = 0 Ï [3, ¥),
log3 (x + 2) (x + 4) – log3 (x + 2) <
(log 3) / 2 hence rejected
Þ log3 (x + 4) < log37 Þ x + 4 < 7 or x < 3. \ Solution set is {– 8, 2} and both are integers
 EBD_7588
84 Mathematics Objective MCQs
25. (b) | x – 1 | is the distance of x from 1. 30. (d) Y
| x – 3 | is the distance of x from 3.
(0, 4.5)
The point x = 2 is equidistant from 1 and 3.
3x + 4y = 18
Hence, the solution consists of all x ³ 2. 2x + 3y = 3
26. (b) (b + c – a) (c + a – b) (a + b – c) – abc (0, 1)
Without loss of generality we can assume, O (3/2, 0) (6, 0) X
a>b> c
Applying A.M, G. M. pair wise 31. (d) Case 1 : Let 0 £ x < 2 , then x = (x + 1)
and the equation becomes
(b + c) > 2 bc (i)
(x + 1)2 + x = (x + 1) + x 2
(a + c) > 2 ac (ii)
Þ 2x = 0 Þ x = 0
(a + b) > 2 (ac) (iii)
Case 2 : Let x ³ 2 then x = | x - 4 | and the
Multiplying equation (i), (ii), (iii), we get
2 2
(a + b) (b + c) (c + a) > 8abc equation becomes | x - 4 | + x = | x - 4 | + x
Let us put b + c = 2p; c + a = 2q; a + b = 2r
Þ x 2 - 8x + 16 + x = | x - 4 | + x 2
Þ a = – p + r + q; b = p – q + r; c = p + q – r
Þ 2p. 2q. 2r ³ r ³ 8 (q + r + p); (p + r – q); Þ | x - 4 | = 16 - 7 x
(p + q – r) \ x - 4 = ± (16 - 7 x), provided 16 - 7 x ³ 0
Þ pqr ³ (q + r – p) (p + r – q) (p + r – r)
Replacing p, q, r by a b c 5 5
\x = or 2 , but for x = , 16 - 7 x < 0 ,
Without loss of generality, we get 2 2
abc ³ (a + b – c) (b + c – a) (c + a – b) hence rejected
Þ The required expression is always \ x = 2 . The solution set is {0, 2}
negative x+3 +x
32. (c) We have >1
27. (c) | x - 1 |£ 3 Þ -3 £ x - 1 £ 3 Þ -2 £ x £ 4 x+2
and | x - 1 | ³ 1Þ x - 1 £ -1 or x – 1 ³ 1 x+3 +x x+3 –2
Þ –1>0Þ >0
Þ x £ 0 or x ³ 2 x+2 x+2
Taking the common values of x, we get Now, two cases arise :
x Î [-2, 0] È [2, 4] Case I : When x + 3 ³ 0, i.e. x ³ –3. Then,
28. (c) | x - 1 |£ 3 Þ -3 £ x - 1 £ 3 Þ -2 £ x £ 4 x+3 –2 x +3– 2
>0Þ >0
x+2 x+2
and | x - 1 | ³ 1Þ x - 1 £ -1 or x - 1 ³ 1 Þ x £ 0
x +1
or x ³ 2 Þ >0
x+2
Taking th e common values of x, we get Þ {(x + 1) > 0 and x + 2 > 0}
x Î [-2, 0] È [2, 4] or {x + 1 < 0 and x + 2 < 0}
Þ {x > –1 and x > –2} or {x < –1 and
x 2 + 6x - 7 x < –2}
29. (c) <0
|x+4| Þ x > –1 or x < –2
Þ x Î (–1, ¥) or x Î (–¥, –2)
Þ x 2 + 6 x - 7 < 0 , provided x + 4 ¹ 0 Þ x Î (–3, –2) È (–1, ¥) [Since x ³ –3] ... (i)
Case II : When x + 3 < 0, i.e. x < –3
[Q | x + 4 |> 0 if x ¹ -4]
x+3 –2 –x – 3 – 2
Þ ( x + 7)(x - 1) < 0, x ¹ -4 Þ -7 < x < 1, >0Þ >0
x+2 x+2
x ¹ -4
– ( x + 5) x+5
\ x Î (-7, - 4) È (-4, 1) Þ >0Þ <0
x+2 x+2
Linear Inequalities 85
Þ (x + 5 < 0 and x + 2 > 0) or (x + 5 > 0) 38. (d) Put 2x = t. Then t > 0. Now, given inequality
and x + 2 < 0) 1 2 1 2
Þ (x < –5 and x > –2) becomes > Þ – >0 Þ
or (x > –5 and x < –2) it is not possible. t –1 2 – t t –1 2 – t
Þ x Î (–5, –2) ... (ii) 2 – t – 2t + 2
Combining (i) and (ii), the required solution is (t –1)(2 – t ) > 0
x Î (–5, –2) È (–1, ¥).
æ 4ö
33. (b) | x - 1 | +a = 4 Þ| x - 1 | +a = ±4 4 – 3t çè t – ÷ø
3
Þ >0 Þ > 0.
Þ| x - 1 |= -a ± 4 (t –1)(2 – t ) (t –1)( t - 2)
The above equation holds if -a + 4 ³ 0 or
-a - 4 ³ 0
– –
+ – ––
Þ a £ 4 or a £ -4 Þ a Î (-¥, 4] È (-¥, - 4]
1 4/3 2
Þ a Î (-¥, 4] From sign scheme we get
6 x + 10 – x 2
1 < t < 4/3 or t > 2.
æ 3ö 27 Þ 1 < 2x < 4/3 or 2x > 2
34. (c) çè 4 ÷ø < Þ x Î (0, log2 (4/3)) È (1, ¥)
64
39. (b) 22y – 2y + 2x(1 – 2x) = 0
6 x + 10 – x 2 3 put 2y = t
æ 3ö æ 3ö
Þ ç ÷ <ç ÷ t2 – t + 2x(1 – 2x) = 0 where t1 = 2 y 1 and t2 = 2 y2
è 4ø è 4ø
t1t2 = 2x(1 – 2x)
Þ 6x + 10 – x > 3 2 (as base (3/4) < 1)
2 y1 + y2 = 2 (1 – 2 )
x x
\ x2 – 6x – 7 < 0 \ (x + 1) (x – 7) < 0
Thus, integral values of x are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. y1 + y2 = x + log2(1 – 2x)
35. (c) The shaded area is the required area given 40. (a) | x - 1 | -1 £ 1 Þ -1 £ | x - 1 | -1 £ 1
in graph as below.
Þ 0 £| x - 1 |£ 2 Þ -2 £ x - 1 £ 2
Y y=x+3
Þ -1 £ x £ 3 Þ x Î [-1, 3]
x=y 41. (a) Given, C(x) = 26000 + 30x and R(x) = 43x
\ Profit = R(x) – C(x) = 43x – (26000 + 30x)
X = 13x – 26000
O
For some profit, 13x – 26000 > 0
Þ 13x > 26000 Þ x > 2000
42. (a) We have
Hence, it is in I, II and III quadrant.
36. (a) I. – 75 < 3x – 6 Þ –23 < x; 3x – 6 £ 0 Þ x £ 2 a b a b
+ ³ +
II. 14 £ 3x + 11 Þ 3 £ 3x Þ 1 £ x 1 + a 1 + b 1+ a + b 1+ a + b
11 a+b 1
3x + 11 £ 22 Þ 3x £ 11 Þ x £ = =
3 1+ a + b 1
+1
22 a +b
III. –20 £ 2 – 3x Þ x £ Now, since a + b ³ c, we get
3
-34 1 1 1 1
£ Þ 1+ £ 1+
2 – 3x £ 36 Þ –34 £ 3x Þ x ³ a +b c a+b c
3
37. (a) Let x be the marks obtained by student in 1 1
Þ ³
62 + 48 + x 1 1
the annual examination. Then, ³ 60 +1 +1
3 a +b c
or 110 + x ³ 180 or x ³ 70 a b 1 1 c
Thus, the student must obtain a minimum of 70 Thus, + ³ ³ =
1 + a 1+ b 1 1 1+ c
marks to get an average of at least 60 marks. +1 +1
c c
 EBD_7588
86 Mathematics Objective MCQs
43. (b) For the validity of inequality ax2 + 4x + a > 0,
which is possible if a > 0 and 16 – 4a2 < 0 47. (b) x + x - 1- x = 1
Þ a>2 ...(1)
Further, the inequality can be rewritten as Þ x - 1 - x = 1- x = x - 1 - x = 1 + x - 2 x
log 5 5 + log 5 ( x 2 + 1) £ log 5 (ax 2 + 4x + a )
Þ - 1 - x = 1 - 2 x Þ 1 - x = 1 + 4x - 4 x
Þ 5( x 2 + 1) £ ax 2 + 4x + a
Þ (a - 5) x 2 + 4 x + (a - 5) ³ 0 . 16
Þ 4 x = 5x \x= or 0.
25
It holds if a - 5 > 0 and 16 - 4(a - 5) 2 £ 0
Þ a > 5 and a £ 3 or a ³ 7 Þ a ³ 7 ...(2) 16
Combining the results of (1) and (2) for common Now x = 0 does not satisfy but x = satisfies
25
values, we get a Î [7, ¥)
44. (b) | 2x – 3 | < | x + 2 | 16
Þ –| x + 2 | < 2x – 3 < | x + 2 | ... (i) the equation. The only solution is x =
25
Case I : x + 2 ³ 0. Then by (i),
– (x + 2) < 2x – 3 < x + 2 48. (c) 2- | 1- | x || = 1 Þ 2- | 1- | x ||= ±1
Þ – x – 2 < 2x – 3 < x + 2
1 Þ| 1- | x ||= 1 or 3
Þ 1 < 3x and x < 5 Þ < x < 5
3
Case II : x + 2 < 0. Then by (i), If 1- | x | = 1 Þ 1- | x |= ±1 Þ| x |= 0 or 2
(x + 2) < 2x – 3 < – (x + 2)
Þ – (x + 2) > 2x – 3 > (x + 2) Þ x = 0 or ± 2
1
Þ 1 > 3x and x > 5 Þ £ x and x > 5, Not If 1- | x | = 3 Þ 1- | x |= ±3 Þ| x |= -2 or 4
3
possible. Þ | x | = 4 Þ x = ±4 [Q | x |¹ -2]
45. (c) We have 3x – 7 > 2(x – 6)
Þ 3x – 7 > 2x – 12 \ Solution set is {–4, –2, 0, 2, 4}, hence 5 real
Transferring the term 2x to L.H.S. and the term roots in all.
(–7) to R.H.S., 3x – 2x > –12 + 7
Þ x > –5 ... (i)
and 6 – x > 11 – 2x 49. (a)
Transferring the term (–2x) to L.H.S. and the (0, 1)
x+y=1
term 6 to R.H.S., –x + 2x > 11 – 6
Þ x>5 ... (ii) (–1, 0)
Draw the graph of inequations (i) and (ii) on O (1, 0)
the number line, –x–y=1
(0, –1)

–¥ –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 +¥
Hence, solution set of the equations are real Points are {(1, 0), (0, 1)} and {(– 1, 0) and (0, – 1)}
numbers, x lying on greater than 5 excluding 5.
i.e., x > 5 \ Solution set is (5, ¥)
50. (b) log 3 (3x - 8) = 2 - x Þ 3x - 8 = 32- x ,

46. (c) 2 x / 2 + 3x / 2 = ( 13) x / 2 where 3 x - 8 > 0

x/2 x/2
æ 2 ö æ 3 ö 9
Þç ÷ +ç ÷ =1 Þ 3x - 8 = Þ (3x ) 2 - 8(3x ) - 9 = 0
è 13 ø è 13 ø 3 x
x/2 x/2
Which is of the form cos a + sin a = 1.
Þ (3x + 1)(3x - 9) = 0 Þ 3x = 9 [Q 3x ¹ -1]
x
\ = 2. \ x=2
2
 Permutations and
7
Combinations
1. Three boys and three girls are to be seated around 7. If all permutations of the letters of the word
a table, in a circle. Among them, the boy X does AGAIN are arranged as in dictionary, then fiftieth
not want any girl neighbour and the girls Y does word is
not want any boy neighbour. The number of such (a) NAAGI (b) NAGAI
arrangements possible is
(c) NAAIG (d) NAIAG
(a) 4 (b) 6
8. How many numbers with no more than three
(c) 8 (d) None of these
digits can be formed using only the digits 1
2. There are three men and seven women taking a through 7 with no digit used more than once in a
dance class. Number of different ways in which given number?
each man is paired with a woman partner, and the (a) 259 (b) 249 (c) 257 (d) 252
four remaining women are paired into two pairs 9. The value of 12.C1 + 32.C3 + 52.C5 + ... is :
each of two is
(a) n(n – 1)n–2 + n . 2n–1
(a) 105 (b) 315 (c) 630 (d) 450
(b) n(n – 1)n–2
3. Seven people leave their bags outside temple and
while returning after worshiping the deity, picked (c) n(n – 1)n–3
one bag each at random. In how many ways at (d) None of these
least one and at most three of them get their 10. In how many ways vertices of a square can be
correct bags? coloured with 4 distinct colour if rotations are
7 considered to be equivalent, but reflections are
(a) C3 × 9 + 7 C5 × 44 + 7 C1 × 265
distinct?
7
(b) C6 × 265 + 7 C5 × 9 + 7 C7 × 44 (a) 65 (b) 70
(c) 7 7 7
C5 × 9 + C2 × 44 + C1 × 265 (c) 71 (d) None of these
11. The total number of 5 digit numbers of different
(d) None of these
digits in which the digit in the middle is the
4. Four couples (husband and wife) decide to form
a committee of four members. Find the number of largest, is
different committees that can be formed in which 9
no couple finds a place.
(a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 24 (a) å n P4
n =4
5. The sides AB, BC, CA of a traingle ABC have 3,
4 and 5 interior points respectively on them. The 9 9
1
total number of triangles that can be constructed
by using these points as vertices is (b) å n
P4 -
3! å n P3
n=4 n =3
(a) 220 (b) 204 (c) 205 (d) 195
6. A committee of 4 persons is to be formed from (c) 30 (3 !)
2 ladies, 2 old men and 4 young men such that it (d) None of these
includes at least 1 lady, at least 1 old man and at 12. If n = 2p – 1 (2p – 1), where 2p – 1 is a prime, then
most 2 young men. Then the total number of ways the sum of the divisors of n is equal to
in which this committee can be formed is :
(a) n (b) 2n (c) pn (d) p n
(a) 40 (b) 41 (c) 16 (d) 32
 EBD_7588
88 Mathematics Objective MCQs
13. The value of 'n' for which 21. The number of ways of distributing 8 identical
n -1 5 balls in 3 distinct boxes so that none of the boxes
C4 - n -1C3 - × n - 2 P2 < 0, where n Î N is empty is
4
(a) {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} 8
(a) C3 (b) 21 (c) 38 (d) 5
(b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
(c) {1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10} 22. The number of six digit numbers that can be
(d) (-¥, 2) È (3, 11) formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 so that
digits do not repeat and the terminal digits are
14. Let p be a prime number such that p > 11. Let
n = p! + 1. The number of primes in the list n + 1, even, is
n + 2, n + 3,...., n + p – 1, is (a) 144 (b) 72 (c) 288 (d) 720
(a) p – 1 (b) 2 23. There are 10 points in a plane, no three are
(c) 1 (d) None of these collinear, except 4 which are collinear. All points
15. A student is to answer 10 out of 13 questions in
an examination such that he must choose at least are joined . Let L be the number of different
4 from the first five questions. The number of straight lines and T be the number of different
choices available to him is triangles, then
(a) 346 (b) 140 (c) 196 (d) 280 (a) T = 120 (b) L = 40
16. If S = (1) (1!) + (2) (2!) + (3) (3!) + .... + n (n!), then (c) T = 3 L – 5 (d) None of these
24. In a 12 - storey house ten people enter a lift
cabin. It is known that they will left in groups of
S +1 2, 3 and 5 people at different storeys. The number
(a) Î integer
n! of ways they can do so if the lift does not stop
S +1 to the second storey is
(b) Ï integer (a) 78 (b) 112 (c) 720 (d) 132
n!
25. A person writes letters to six friends and
S +1 addresses the corresponding envelopes. Let x
(c) cannot be discussed
n! be the number of ways so that at least two of the
(d) None of these letters are in wrong envelopes and y be the
17. Find the number of integral solution of the number of ways so that all the letters are in wrong
equation x + y + z = 20 and x > –1, y > –2 and z > –3. envelopes. Then x – y =
(a) 25 C 23 (b) 17 C2 (a) 719 (b) 265 (c) 454 (d) None
(c) 23 C2 (d) None of these
18. There are 10 bags B1, B2, B3, ...., B10, which 26. A person invites a party of 10 friends at dinner
contain 21, 22, ...., 30 different articles and place them so that 4 are on one round table
respectively. The total number of ways to bring and 6 on the other round table. The number of
out 10 articles from a bag is ways in which he can arrange the guests is
31
(a) C 20 - 21C10 (b) 31
C 21 (10)! (10)!
(a) (b)
6! 24
(c) 31 C 20 (d) None of these
19. If 16 identical pencils are distributed among 4 (9)!
children such that each gets at least 3 pencils. (c) (d) None of these
24
The number of ways of distributing the pencils
27. Ten different letters of an alphabet are given,
is
(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 35 (d) 40 words with five letters are formed from these
20. In how many ways a team of 11 players can be given letters. Then the number of words which
formed out of 25 players, if 6 out of them are have at least one letter repeated is
always to be included and 5 are always to be (a) 69760 (b) 30240
excluded? (c) 99784 (d) None of these
(a) 2020 (b) 2002 (c) 2008 (d) 8002
Permutations and Combinations 89
28. A boat is to be manned by eight men of whom 2 (a) 2n – m – 1 – 1 (b) 2n – m – 1
can only row on bow side and 3 can only row on (c) 2 n – m (d) 2p -n + m -1
stroke side, the number of ways in which the
35. The number of ways in which a mixed doubles
crew can be arranged is game in tennis can be arranged from 5 married
(a) 4360 (b) 5760 couples, if no husband and wife play in the same
(c) 5930 (d) None of these game, is
29. The number of distinct rational numbers x such (a) 46 (b) 54
p (c) 60 (d) None of these
that 0 < x < 1 and x = , where
q 36. The total number of 3-digit numbers, the sum of
p, q Î {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, is whose digits is even, is equal to
(a) 450 (b) 350 (c) 250 (d) 325
(a) 15 (b) 13 (c) 12 (d) 11 37. There are 18 points in a plane such that no three
30. In a small village, there are 87 families, of which of them are in the same line except five points
52 families have at most 2 children. In a rural which are collinear. The number of triangles
development programme 20 families are to be formed by these points is :
chosen for assistance, of which at least 18 (a) 816 (b) 806 (c) 805 (d) 813
families must have at most 2 children. In how 38. Find the number of non negative solutions of
many ways can the choice be made?
the system of equations: a + b = 10, a + b + c + d = 21,
(a) 52C18 35C2
a + b + c + d + e + f = 33, a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h
(b) 52C18 × 35C2 + 52C19 × 35C1 + 52C20
(c) 52C18 + 35C2 + 52C19 = 46, and so on till a + b + c + d + … + x + y + z = 208.
(d) 52C18 × 35C2 + 35C1 × 52C19
31. The straight lines l1 , l 2 , l 3 are parallel and lie in
(a) 22P10 (b) 22P11
the same plane. A total number of m points are
(c) 22P13 (d) None of these
taken on l1 , n points on l 2 , k points on l 3 . 39. Two straight line intersect at a point O. Points
The maximum number of triangles formed with A1, A2, .... An are taken on one line and points B1,
vertices at these points are : B2, ...., Bn on the other. If the point O is not to be
(a) m+n+kC 3 used, the number of triangles that can be drawn
(b) m+n+kC3 – mC3 – nC3 – kC3 using these points as vertices, is
(a) n (n – 1) (b) n(n – 1)2
(c) mC3 + mC3 + kC3 2
(c) n (n – 1) (d) n2 (n – 1)2
(d) None of these 40. 5 - digit numbers are to be formed using 2, 3, 5, 7,
32. All the words that can be formed using alphabets 9 without repeating the digits. If p be the number
A, H, L, U and R are written as in a dictionary (no of such numbers that exceed 20000 and q be the
alphabet is repeated). Rank of the word RAHUL number of those that lie between 30000 and 90000,
is then p : q is :
(a) 71 (b) 72 (c) 73 (d) 74 (a) 6 : 5 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 3
33. 'n' is selected from the set {1, 2, 3, ..., 100} and the 41. Number of ways in which 20 different pearls of
number 2n + 3n + 5n is formed. Total number of two colours can be set alternately on a necklace,
ways of selecting 'n' so that the formed number there being 10 pearls of each colour.
is divisible by 4, is equal to (a) 6 × (9!)2 (b) 12!
(a) 50 (b) 49
(c) 4 × (8!)2 (d) 5 × (9!)2
(c) 48 (d) None of these
42. If 12 persons are seated in a row, the number of
34. Let 1 £ m < n £ p. The number of subsets of the ways of selecting 3 persons from them, so that
set A = {1, 2, 3, ........p} having m, n as the least no two of them are seated next to each other is
and the greatest elements respectively, is
(a) 85 (b) 100 (c) 120 (d) 240
 EBD_7588
90 Mathematics Objective MCQs
43. The number of permutations of the letters of the 51. Six teachers and six students have to sit round a
word HINDUSTAN such that neither the pattern circular table such that there is a teacher between
'HIN' nor 'DUS' nor 'TAN' appears, are any two students. The number of ways in which
(a) 166674 (b) 169194 they can sit is
(c) 166680 (d) 181434 (a) 6 ! × 6 ! (b) 5 ! × 6 !
44. A shop keeper sells threee varieties of perfumes (c) 5 ! × 5 ! (b) None of these
and he has a large number of bottles of the same 52. Let E = (2n + 1) (2n + 3) (2n + 5) ..... (4n – 3) (4n – 1);
size of each variety in this stock. There are 5 n > 1 then 2n E is divisible by
places in a row in his show case. The number of (a) n C n/2 (b) 2n C n (c) 3n C n (d) 4nC2n
different ways of displaying the three varieties
53. In a plane there are 37 straight lines of which 13
of perfumes in the show case is
pass through the point A and 11 pass through
(a) 6 (b) 50
the point B. Besides, no three lines pass through
(c) 150 (d) None of these
one point, no line passes through both points A
45. Consider n points in a plane no three of which are and B, and no two are parallel. Then the number
collinear and the ratio of number of hexagon and of intersection points the lines have is equal to
octagon that can be formed from these n points is (a) 535 (b) 601
4:13 then find the value of n. (c) 728 (d) None of these
(a) 14 (b) 20 54. The number of different words which can be
formed from the letters of the word LUCKNOW
(c) 28 (d) None of these when the vowels always occupy even places is
46. A seven digit number divisible by 9 is to be formed (a) 120 (b) 720
by using 7 out of number {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. (c) 400 (d) None of these
The number of ways in which this can be done is 55. The least positive integral values of n which
(a) 7! (b) 2 × 7! (c) 3 × 7! (d) 4 × 7! satisfies the inequality 10Cn – 1 > 2 . 10Cn is
47. Total number of words that can be formed using (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10
all letters of the word FAILURE which neither 56. If a denotes the number of permutations of x + 2
begin with F nor end with E is equal to things taken all at a time, b the number of
(a) 3720 (b) 5040 (c) 3600 (d) 3480 permutations of x things taken 11 at a time and c
48. The expression nCr + 4.nCr – 1 + 6.nCr – 2 + 4.nCr – 3 the number of permutations of x – 11 things taken
+ nCr – 4 is equal to all at a time such that a = 182 bc, then the value
of x will be
(a) n + 4Cr (b) 2.n + 4Cr – 1 (a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 6
(c) 4.nCr (d) 11.nCr
2 2 1 2a
49. A teaparty is arranged for 16 people along two 57. If + + = , where a, b Î N, then
sides of a large table with 8 chairs on each side. 9! 3!7! 5!5! b!
Four men want to sit on one particular side and the ordered pair (a, b) is
two on the other side. The number of ways in (a) (9, 10) (b) (10, 9) (c) (7, 10) (d) (10, 7)
which they can be seated is 58. The set S = {1, 2, 3, ......., 12} is to be partitioned
6! 8!10! 8! 8!10! into three sets A, B, C of equal size. Thus
(a) (b) A È B È C = S, A Ç B = B Ç C = A Ç C = f.
4! 6! 4! 6!
The number of ways to partition S is
8! 8! 6!
(c) (d) None of these
6! 4!
12! 12!
50. The greatest common divisor of 20
C1 , 20
C3 , (a) (b)
3
(4!) (4!)4
20
......, C19 is
12! 12!
(a) 20 (b) 4 (c) (d)
(c) 5 (d) None of these 3!(4!) 3
3!(4!) 4
Permutations and Combinations 91
59. Ravish writes letters to his five friends and 65. How many different words can be formed by
addresses the corresponding envelopes. In how jumbling the letters in the word MISSISSIPPI in
many ways can the letters be placed in the which no two S are adjacent?
envelopes so that at least two of them are in the (a) 8. 6C4. 7C4 (b) 6.7. 8C4
7
(c) 6. 8. C4. (d) 7. 6C4. 8C4
wrong envelopes?
66. From 6 differ ent novels and 3 different
(a) 109 (b) 118 dictionaries,4 novels and 1 dictionary are to be
(c) 119 (d) None of these selected and arranged in a row on a shelf so that
the dictionary is always in the middle. Then the
60. f :{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ® {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} that are onto
number of such arrangement is:
and f (i ) ¹ i, is equal to (a) at least 500 but less than 750
(b) at least 750 but less than 1000
(a) 9 (b) 44
(c) at least 1000
(c) 16 (d) None of these (d) less than 500
61. Let Tn denote the number of triangles which can 67. The sum of all the numbers of four different digits
be formed using the vertices of a regular polygon that can be made by using the digits 0, 1, 2 and 3.
of n sides. If Tn + 1 - Tn = 21, then n equals`
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 4
62. How many different nine digit numbers can be
(a) 64322 (b) 48 522(c) 38664 (d) 1000
formed from the number 223355888 by
68. The number of ways in which an examiner can
rearranging its digits so that the odd digits assign 30 marks to 8 questions, giving not less
occupy even positions ? than 2 marks to any question, is :
(a) 16 (b) 36 (c) 60 (d) 180 30
(a) C7 (b) 21 C8 (c) 21 C7 (d) 30 C8
n -1
69. Let A = {x | x is a prime number and x < 30}. The
63. Let S = å k + 2 P2 , then number of different rational numbers whose
k =0
numerator and denominator belong to A is
(a) n divides 3S (b) n + 1 divides 3S (a) 90 (b) 180 (c) 91 (d) 100
(c) n + 2 divides 3S (d) All are correct 70. If n C r -1 + n +1C r -1 + n + 2 C r -1 + .... + 2n C r -1
64. How many numbers can be formed with the digits 2 n +1
1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1 so that the odd digits always = C - n C r , then the value of r and
r 2 -132
occupy the odd places. the minimum value of n are
(a) 18 (b) 28 (c) 6 (d) 27 (a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 13

Answer KEYs
1 (a) 8 (a) 15 (c) 22 (d) 29 (d) 36 (a) 43 (b) 50 (b) 57 (a) 64 (a)
2 (c) 9 (d) 16 (a) 23 (b) 30 (b) 37 (b) 44 (c) 51 (b) 58 (a) 65 (d)
3 (a) 10 (b) 17 (a) 24 (c) 31 (b) 38 (c) 45 (b) 52 (d) 59 (c) 66 (c)
4 (c) 11 (d) 18 (a) 25 (c) 32 (d) 39 (c) 46 (d) 53 (a) 60 (b) 67 (c)
5 (c) 12 (b) 19 (c) 26 (b) 33 (b) 40 (d) 47 (a) 54 (b) 61 (b) 68 (c)
6 (b) 13 (a) 20 (b) 27 (a) 34 (b) 41 (d) 48 (a) 55 (b) 62 (c) 69 (c)
7 (c) 14 (d) 21 (b) 28 (b) 35 (c) 42 (c) 49 (b) 56 (a) 63 (d) 70 (c)
 EBD_7588
92 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1. (a) As shown in figure 1, 2 and X are the three The number of committees of 2 gentlemen, 2 wives
boys and 3, 4 and Y are three girls, Boy X will = 4C2 × 2C2
have neighbours as boys 1 and 2 and the girl Y The number of committees of 1 gentleman, 3 wives
will have neighbours as girls 3 and 4. = 4C1 × 3C3
The number of committees of 4 wives = 1
X
\ The required number of committees
= 1 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 1 = 16
1 2 5. (c) We have in all 12 points. Since, 3 points are
used to form a traingle, therefore the total
number of traingles including the triangles
3 4 formed by collinear points on AB, BC and
CA is 12C3 = 220. But this includes the
following :
Y
The number of traingles formed by 3 points on
1 and 2 can be arranged in P (2, 2) ways AB = 3C3 = 1
= 2! = 2 × 1 = 2 ways The number of triangles formed by 4 points
Also, 3 and 4 can be arranged in P (2, 2) ways on BC = 4C3 = 4.
= 2! = 2 × 1 = 2 ways The number of triangles fromed by 5 points
Hence, required no. of permutations = 2 × 2 = 4 on CA = 5C3 = 10.
2. (c) 10 <37m 7 Hence, required number of traingles
w 3 women can be selected in C3
= 220 – (10 + 4 + 1) = 205.
ways and can be paired with 3 men in 3! ways.
Remaining 4 women can be grouped into two L O Y L O Y
couples in 4!/ (2!× 2!× 2!) = 3. 6. (b) 2 2 4 Þ 1 1 2
Therefore, total = 7C3 . 3! . 3 = 630. ³1 ³1 2£ 1 2 1
3. (a) No. of ways getting one correct 2 1 1
2 2 0
æ 1 1 1 1ö
= 7 C1 6!ç1 - + - + ... + ÷ = 7 C × 265 Required number of ways
è 1! 2! 3! 6! ø 1
= 2C1 × 2C1 × 4C2 + 2C1 × 2C2 × 4C1
No. of ways getting two correct + 2C2 × 2C1 × 4C1 + 2C2 × 2C2 × 4C0
æ 1 1 1 1ö 4´3
= 7C2 × 5!ç1 - + - + ... - ÷ = 7 C × 44 =2×2× +2 ×1×4 +1×2× 4+1× 1×1
è 1! 2! 3! 5! ø 2
2
No. of ways getting three correct = 24 + 8 + 8 + 1 = 41
æ 1 1 1 1ö 7. (c) Starting with the letter A, and arranging the
= 7 C3 × 4!ç1 - + - + ÷ = 7 C × 9 other four letters, there are 4! = 24 words.
è 1! 2! 3! 4! ø 3
These are the first 24 words. Then starting
Required no. of ways with G, and arranging A, A, I, and N in
= 7 C3 × 9 + 7 C2 × 44 + 7 C1 × 265 . 4!
=
24
= 12
different ways, there are
4. (c) The number of committees of 4 gentlemen 2!1!1! 2
= 4C4 = 1 words.
The number of committees of 3 gentlemen, 1 wife Hence, total 36 words.
= 4C3 × 1C1 Next, the 37th word starts with I. There are
(Q after selecting 3 gentlemen only 1 wife is left 12 words starting with I. This accounts up
who can be included) to the 48th word. The 49th word is NAAGI.
The 50th word is NAAIG.
Permutations and Combinations 93
8. (a) (i) Number of 3 digit nos. = 7 × 6 × 5 = 210 5
n -1
(ii) Number of 2 digit nos. = 7 × 6 = 42 13. (a) We have, C4 - n -1C3 - × n - 2 P2 < 0
(iii) Number of 1 digit no. = 7 4
Total number of nos. = 210 + 42 + 7 = 259 (n -1)(n - 2)(n - 3)(n - 4) (n -1)(n - 2)(n - 3)
Þ -
n 4! 3!
9. (d) We know, år2 . n Cr = n(n – 1)2n–2 + n . 2n–1 5
- (n - 2)(n - 3) < 0
r=1
4
...(1)
Þ (n - 2)(n - 3)(n - 11)(n + 2) < 0
n
and å(-1)r-1 . r2 . n Cr = 0 ...(2) Þ (n - 2)(n - 3)(n - 11) < 0
r=1 [Q n + 2 > 0 for n Î N ]
Adding (1) & (2) we get.
2[12 . C1 + 32 . C3 + 52 C5 + ....] = n(n – 1)2n–2 + n Þ n Î (-¥, 2) È (3, 11)
. 2n–1 – + – +
Þ [12 C1 + 32 C3 + 52 C5 +....] 2 3 11
= n(n – 1)2n–3 + n . 2n–2.
Þ n Î (0, 2) È (3, 11)
10. (b) Here in this case condition is similar to
Þ n = 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
formation of necklace i.e., But n–1C4 and n–2P2 both are meaningful for
1 n gcd( n , i ) n ³ 5.
(n, k) = n å k Hence, n = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
i =1 14. (d) For 1 < i < p – 1, p! is divisible by (i + 1)
We can use this formula or from the table (you Thus, n + i = p! + (i + 1) is divisible by (i + 1) for
l <i<p–1
shouldn’t memorize it) required number of ways \ None of n + 1, n + 2, ......, n + p – 1 is prime.
is 70. 15. (c) As for given question two cases are possible.
11. (d) Since the largest digit is in the middle, the (i) Selecting 4 out of first five question and 6 out
middle digit is greater than or equal to 4, the of remaining 8 question = 5C4 ´8 C6 = 140 choices.
number of numbers with 4 in the middle
= 4P4 – 3P3. (ii) Selecting 5 out of first five question and 5 out
(Q the other four places are to be filled by of remaining 8 questions = 5C5 ´8 C5 = 56 choices.
0, 1, 2 and 3, and a number cannot begin Therefore, total number of choices =140 + 56 = 196.
with 0). Similarly, the numbers of numbers 16. (a) We have,
with 5 in the middle = 5P4 – 4P3, etc.)
\ The required number of numbers n n

= ( 4 P4 - 3 P3 ) + ( 5 P4 - 4 P3 ) + ( 6 P4 - 5 P3 ) +
S= å k (k !) = å {(k + 1) - 1}(k !)
k =1 k =1

.... + ( 9 P4 - 8 P3 ) n

9 8
= å {(k + 1)!- k !} = (n + 1)!- 1 Þ S + 1 = (n + 1)!
k =1
= å n P4 - å n P3 S +1
n =4 n =3 Thus, Î integer..
n!
12. (b) If N = p1a1 p2a 2 then the sum of the divisors 17. (a) Since as per the give condition x > – 1, so x is
of N is non negative integer,
æ p1a1 +1 - 1 öæ p2a 2 +1 - 1 ö y > – 2 so y = –1 + b and similarly
ç ÷ç ÷
ç p1 - 1 ÷ç p2 - 1 ÷ z > 3 so z = – 2 + c
è øè ø
 EBD_7588
94 Mathematics Objective MCQs

or (x) + (–1 + b) + (– 2 + c) = 23 23. (b) L = 10C2 – 4C2 + 1 = 45 – 6 + 1 = 40

T = 10C3 – 4C3 = 120 – 4 = 3L – 4
or x + b + c = 23
24. (c) Leaving the ground floor and second floor,
and we need to find the number of non negative their are 10 floors in which three groups of
integral solution of the equation x + b + c = 23 people can left the lift cabin in 10P3 ways,
which is, i.e. 720 ways.
25. (c) If all the letters are not in the right envelopes,
23 + 3 –1
C3 – 1 = 25C2 = 25C23 then at least two letters must be in wrong
18. (a) The required number of ways envelopes.
21 \ x = 6! – 1 = 719.
= C10 + 22 C10 + 23C10 + .... + 30 C10
Now y = number of ways so that all the
= ( 21 C10 + 21C11 + 22 C12 + 23C13 + .... letters are in wrong envelopes
ì 1 1 1 1 1 1ü
+ 30 C20 ) - 21C11 = 6! í1 - 1! + 2! - 3! + 4! - 5! + 6!ý
= î þ
22 [Deragement formula]
C11 + 22 C12 + 23C13 + ..... + 30 C 20 - 21C10
= 360 – 120 + 30 – 6 + 1 = 265
\ x – y = 454
n n n +1 26. (b) Selection of 6 guests = 10C6
(Q C r -1 + C r = C r )
Permutation of 6 on round table = 5!
Permutation of 4 on round table = 3!
............................................................................ Then, total number of arrangements
= 31C20 – 21C10. = 10C5.5!.3!
19. (c) Required number of ways
= coeff. of x16 in (x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7)4 (10)! (10)!
= × 5!.3! = .
20. (b) As 5 are always to be excluded and 6 always 6!.4! 24
to be included, 5 players to be chosen from 27. (a) Total number of words that can be formed = 105.
14. Hence, required number of ways are Number of words in which no letter is repeated =
14C = 2002. 10P . So, number of words in which at least one
5 5
21. (b) Required number of ways letter is repeated = 105 – 10P5 = 69760.
= coefficient of x8 in ( x + x 2 + ... x 6 ) 3 28. (b) First we have to select 2 men for bow side
and 3 for stroke side. The number of selections
[ Q each box can receive minimum 1 and of the crew for two sides = 5C2 × 3C3
maximum 6 balls] For each selection there are 4 persons on both
= coeff of x 8 in x 2 (1 + x + x 2 + .... + x 5 )3 sides, who can be arranged in 4! × 4!ways.
Required number of arrangement
æ 6 ö3 = 5C2 × 3C3 × 4! × 4! = 5760
1 - x
= coeff of x5 in ç ÷ 29. (d) As 0 < x < 1, we have p < q
è 1- x ø The number of rational numbers = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15.
= coeff of x 5 in (1 - x ) -3 When p, q have a common factor, we get some
rational numbers which are not different from
= coeff of x 5 in (1 +3 C1 x + 4 C 2 x 2 + ...) those already counted. There are 4 such numbers :
2 2 3 4
= 7 C5 = 21 , , ,
4 6 6 6
22. (d) Terminal digits are the first and last digits.
\ Terminal digits are even Therefore, required number of rational numbers
\ 1st place can be filled in 3 ways and last place = 15 – 4 = 11.
can be filled in 2 ways and remaining places can 30. (b) The following are the number of possible
5
be filled in P4 = 120 ways. choices:
52
Hence the number of six digit numbers so that C18 × 35C2 (18 families having atmost 2
the terminal digits are even, is 3 × 120 × 2 = 720 children and 2 selected from other type of
families)
Permutations and Combinations 95
52
C19 × 35C1 (19 families having atmost 2 So, the number of triangles formed by 18 non-
children and 1 selected from other type of collinear points = 18C3
families) But according to the question, 5 points are
52 collinear.
C20 (All selected 20 families having atmost
2 children). Hence, the total number of possible Hence, exact number of triangles
choices is : = 52C18 × 35C2 + 52C19 × 35C1 + 52C20 18! 5!
31. (b) The straight line l1, l2, l3 are parallel and lie = 18C
3 – 5C3 = –
3!15! 3!2!
in the same plane.
Total number of points = m + n + k 16 ´17 ´18 4 ´ 5
Total no. of triangles formed with vertices = m + n + kC3 = – = 816 – 10 = 806.
2´3 2
By joining three given points on the same line
we don’t obtain a triangle. 38. (c) Consider the equation a + b = 10 number of
Therefore, the max. number of triangles solutions of this equation is 10 + 2 – 1C2 – 1 = 11.
= m + n +kC3 – mC3 – nC3 – kC3 Next equation is a + b + c + d = 21 hence c + d = 11
32. (d) No. of words starting with A are 4 ! = 24
and number of solutions of this equation is 12.
No. of words starting with H are 4 ! = 24
No. of words starting with L are 4 ! = 24 Similarly for third equation a + b + c + d + e + f
These account for 72 words = 33 or e + f = 12 or number of solutions is 13.
Next word is RAHLU and the 74th word RAHUL. Similarly for last equation a + b + c + d + … + x +
33. (b) If n is odd, 3n = 4l1 - 1, 5n = 4l 2 + 1 y + z = 208, or
Þ 2 n + 3n + 5n is not divisible by 4, as 2n + 3n + 5n y + z = 22 or number of solution is 23.
will be in the form of 4l + 2. Required number of ways is 11 × 12 × 13 × ... × 21 ×
Thus, total number of ways of selecting 'n' is equal
to 49. 22 × 23 = 23! = 23P
13
34. (b) Between m and n, there are n – m – 1 10!
elements. Each subset contains m and n and for 39. (c) No. of triangles = 2 n C3 - n C3 - n C3
all of other n – m – 1 elements, there are two
possibilities so, no. of subset = 2n – m – 1. 2 n(2 n - 1)(2 n - 2) 2 n( n - 1)( n - 2)
= -
35. (c) Let the sides of the game be A and B. Given 6 6
5 married couples, i.e., 5 husbands and 5 wives.
1
Now, 2 husbands for two sides A and B can be = n(n - 1)(3n ) = n 2 (n - 1).
selected out of 5 = 5C2 = 10 ways. 3
After choosing the two husbands their wives 40. (d) p : T T H T H H T 0 place
are to be excluded (since no husband and wife 5 4 3 2 1 ways
play in the same game). So we have to choose Total no. of ways = 5 ! = 120
2 wives out of remaining 5 – 2 = 3 wives i.e., Since all numbers are > 20,000
3C = 3 ways. \ all numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 can come at first place.
2
Again two wives can interchange their sides A TTH TH H T 0 place
and B in 2! = 2 ways. q:
3 4 3 2 1 ways
By the principle of multiplication, the required
number of ways = 10 × 3 × 2 = 60 Total no. of ways = 3 × 4 ! = 72
36. (a) Let the number be n = pqr. As p + q + r is (Q 2 and 9 can not be put at first place)
even, there are following cases: So, p : q = 120 : 72 = 5 : 3
(i) p, q, r all are even ® 4 × 5 × 5 = 100 ways 41. (d) Ten pearls of one colour can be arranged in
1
(ii) p even and q, r are odd ® 4 × 5 × 5 = 100 ways .(10 – 1)! ways. The number of arrangements of
(iii) p odd, q and r even ® 5 × 5 × 5 = 125 ways 2
10 pearls of the other colour in 10 places between
(iv) p odd, q even, r odd ® 5 × 5 × 5 = 125 the pearls of the first colour = 10!
Total ways = 100 + 100 + 125 + 125 = 450. 1
37. (b) A triangle can be formed by using three non- \ Required number of ways = × 9! × 10! = 5 (9!)2
collinear points. 2
 EBD_7588
96 Mathematics Objective MCQs
42. (c) The number of ways of selecting 3 persons 46. (d) Sum of 7 digits = a multiple of 9
from 12 people under the given conditon : Since sum of number 1, 2, 3, ........, 8, 9 is 45
= Number of ways of arranging 3 people among (Since a number is divisible by 9 if sum of its
9 people seated in a row, so that no two of them digits is divisible by 9.)
are consecutive So, two left number should also have sum as
= Number of ways of choosing 3 places out of 9. The pairs to be left are (1, 8), (2, 7), (3, 6),
the 10 [8 in between and 2 extremes] (4, 5). With each pair left, number of 7 digit
10 ´ 9 ´ 8 numbers = 7!. So, with all 4 pairs total seven
10
= C3 = = 5 ´ 3 ´ 8 = 120 digits number = 4 × 7!
3 ´ 2 ´1 47. (a) Total number of words = 7!
9! Out of which 6! start with F and 6! and with E,
43. (b) Total number of permutations = while 5! start with F and end with E.
2!
Number of those containing 'HIN' = 7! 48. (a) nCr + 4.nCr – 1 + 6.nCr – 2 + 4.nCr – 3 + nCr – 4
= (nCr + nCr – 1) + 3 (nCr – 1 + nCr – 2)
7!
Number of those containing 'DUS' = + 3 (nCr – 2 + nCr – 3) + (nCr – 3 + nCr – 4)
2!
Number of those containing 'TAN' = 7! = n + 1Cr + 3.n + 1Cr – 1 + 3.n + 1Cr – 2 +
n + 1C
Number of those containing 'HIN' and 'DUS' = 5! r–3
Number of those containing 'HIN' and 'TAN' = 5! = (n + 1Cr + n + 1Cr – 1) + 2(n + 1Cr – 1 +
n + 1C
Number of those containing 'TAN' and 'DUS' = 5! r – 2)
Number of those containing 'HIN', 'DUS' and + (n + 1Cr – 2 + n + 1Cr – 3)
'TAN' = 3! n + 2
= Cr + 2 . ( + 2Cr – 1 + n + 2Cr – 2)
n
Required number
= (n + 2Cr + n + 2Cr – 1) + (n + 2Cr – 1 + n + 2Cr – 2)
9! æ 7! ö
= - ç 7!+ 7!+ ÷ + 3 ´ 5!- 3! = 169194. = n + 3Cr + n + 3Cr – 1 = n + 4Cr
2! è 2ø 49. (b) There are 8 chairs on each side of the table.
44. (c) Number of ways of displaying without restriction Let the sides be represented by A and B. Let
= 35 four persons sit on side A, then number of ways
Number of ways in which all places are occupied of arranging 4 persons on 8 chairs on side A =
by single variety = 3 × 1 8P and then two persons sit on side B. The
4
Number of ways in which all places are occupied number of ways of arranging 2 persons on 8
by two different varieties = 3C2 [25 – 2] chairs on side B = 8P2 and the remaining 10
[Q There are two ways when all places will be persons can be arranged in remaining 10 chairs
occupied by single variety each.] in 10! ways.
\ No. of way of displaying all three varieties Hence, the total number of ways in which the
= 35 – 3 – 3C2 (25 – 2) = 150 persons can be arranged
45. (b) From n points number of hexagon is 8! 8!10!
n! = 8P4 × 8P2 × 10! =
4! 6!
n
C6 =
{(n - 6)!}{6!} 50. (b) 20C1 = 20C19 = 20
From n points number of Octagons is 20C = 20C = 20 × 19 × 3
3 17
20C = 20C = 19 × 17 × 16 × 3
n! 5 15
20C = 20C = 19 × 17 × 16 × 15
C8 =
n
7 13
{(n - 8)!}{8!} 20C = 20C = 19 × 17 × 13 × 11 × 5 × 8
9 11
Ratio of number of hexagon to number of Clearly G.C.D. = 4
octagon is 51. (b) S1
{(n - 8)!}{8!} 7´8 4
= = S2 S2
{(n - 6)!}{6!} (n - 7)(n - 6) 13
On solving this quadratic equation we will get
S3 S3
n = 20
S4
Permutations and Combinations 97
x+2P
Six students S1, S2, ........, S6 can be arranged 56. (a) x+2 = a Þ a = ( x +2 )!
round a circular table in 5 ! ways. Among these 6 x!
xP =bÞb= s and x–11Px–11 = c
students there are six vactant places, shown by 11 (x -11)!
dots (•) in which six teachers can sit in 6 ! ways. Þ c = (x – 11)! ; a = 182 bc
Hence, number of arrangement = 5 ! × 6 !
x!
52. (d) Here, E = (2n + 1) (2n + 3) (2n + 5) ..... (4n – 3) \ (x + 2)! = 182 (x– 11)!
(4n – 1) ( x - 11)!
Þ (x + 2) (x + 1) = 182 = 14 × 13
(2n + 1) × (2n + 2) × (2n + 3) × (2n + 4) \ x + 1 = 13 \ x = 12
.......(4n -1)(4n) (2n)! 2 2 1
or E = × 57. (a) + +
(2n + 2)(2n + 4).....(4n) (2n)! 9! 3!7! 5!5!
1 1 1 1 1
(4n )!× n ! = + + + +
E= 1!9! 3!7! 5!5! 3!7! 9!1!
(2 n)!2n × (2 n)! 1 10
= { C1 +10C 3 +10C5 +10C7 +10 C9 }
(4n)! 10!
Þ 2n E = × n ! = 4 n C2 n × n ! 1 10–1 29 2a
(2n)!(2n)! = (2 )= = (given)
10! 10! b!
4n Þ a = 9, b = 10
Þ 2n E is divisible by C2 n .
58. (a) Set S = {1, 2, 3, ...... 12}
53. (a) The number of points of intersection of 37
A È B È C = S, A Ç B = B Ç C = A Ç C = f
straight lines is 37 C2 . But 13 of them pass
through the point A. Therefore instead of getting \ The number of ways to partition
13C points we get merely one point. Similary 11
2 = 12C4 × 8C4 × 4C4
straight lines out of the given 37 straight lines
intersect at B. Therefore instead of getting 11C2 12! 8! 4! 12!
points, we get only one point. Hence, the number ´ ´= =
4!8! 4!4! 4!0! (4!)3
of intersection points of the lines is 59. (c) Required number of ways
37C – 13C – 11C + 2 = 535.
2 2 2 5
54. (b) In LUCKNOW, number of letters = 7
(all distinct), vowels (U, O) = 2, consonants (L, C,
å 5 C5-r D(r )
r =2
K, N, W) = 5 5
5! ìï 1 1 1 (-1)r üï
There are 7 letters so 7 places are required.
Number of even places are 3 and vowels are 2, so
= å r !(5 - r )!r !í1 - 1! + 2! - 3! + ... + ý
r ! þï
r =2 îï
2 vowels can be placed in 3C2 . 2! = 6 and 5 = 10 + 20 + (60 – 20 + 5) + (60 – 20 + 5 – 1)
consonants can be placed in remaining places in = 10 + 20 + 45 + 44 = 119
5! ways. 60. (b) Total number of required functions
Hence, number of words = 6.5! = 720. = Number of dearrangement of 5 objects
55. (b) We have, 10Cn –1 > 2. 10Cn æ1 1 1 1ö
= 5!ç - + - ÷ = 44
10! 10! è 2! 3! 4! 5! ø
Þ > 2.
(n - 1) ! (11 - n )! n ! (10 - n )! 61. (b) n + 1C3 - nC3 = 21
Q nCr + nCr – 1 = n + 1Cr
n! (11 - n) ! Þ nC2 = 21 Þ n = 7
Þ >2
(n - 1) ! (10 - n ) ! 62. (c) X – X – X – X – X. The four digits 3, 3, 5, 5
i.e., n > 22 – 2n 4!
can be arranged at (–) places in = 6 ways.
22 1 2!2!
Þ 3n > 22 Þ n > =7 The five digits 2, 2, 8, 8, 8 can be arranged at (X)
3 3
5!
places in ways = 10 ways
\ Least + ve integral value of n = 8. 2!3!
Total no. of arrangements = 6 ´ 10 = 60 ways
 EBD_7588
98 Mathematics Objective MCQs

n -1 n -1 The number of numbers with 1 or 2 or 3 in the

63. (d) We have, S = å k +2
P2 = 2 ! å k +2
C2 units place = 3! – 2! = 4
\ The sum of the digits in the unit place
k=0 k =0
= 6 × 0 + 4 × 1 + 4 × 2 + 4 × 3 = 24
= (2) [ 2 C 2 + 3C 2 + 4 C 2 + .....+ n +1C 2 ] Similarly for the tens and the hundreds places.
The number of numbers with 1 or 2 or 3 in the
But 2 C 2 + 3 C 2 + 4 C 2 + .... + n +1C 2 thousands place = 3!
\ The sum of the digits in the thousands place
= ( 3 C3 + 3C 2 ) + 4 C 2 + .... + n +1C 2 = 6 × 1 + 6 × 2 + 6 × 3 = 36
\ The required sum
= ( 4 C3 + 4 C 2 ) + 5 C 2 + .... + n +1C 2 = 36 × 1000 + 24 × 100 + 24 × 10 + 24 = 38664
= 5 C3 + 5 C 2 + .... + n +1C 2 68. (c) 30 marks to be alloted to 8 questions. Each
question has to be given ³ 2 marks
n +2 1 Let questions be a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
= C 3 = n ( n + 1)( n + 2) and a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = 30
6
Let a = a1 + 2 so, a1 ³ 0
Þ 3S = n (n + 1)(n + 2) b = a2 + 2 so, a2 ³ 0,......, a8 ³ 0
Þ n divides 3S, (n + 1) divides 3S and (n + 2)
So, a1 + a2 + ...... + a8 ü
= 30
divides 3S. + 2 + 2 +...... + 2 ýþ
64. (a) There are 4 odd digits (1,1,3,3) and 4 odd place
(first, third, fifth and seventh ). At these places Þ a1 + a2 + ...... + a8 = 30 – 16 = 14
So, this is a problem of distributing 14 articles
4! in 8 groups.
the odd digits can be arranged in = 6 ways
2!2! Number of ways = 14+8–1C8–1 = 21C7
Then at the remaining 3 places, the remaining 69. (c) We have A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
3! A contains 10 elements. So numerator and
three digits (2,2,4) can be arranged in = 3 ways denominator each can be chosen in 10
2! ways.
\ The required of number of numbers = 6 × 3 = 18 So no. of rational numbers
65. (d) First let us arrange M, I, I, I, I, P, P = 10 × 10 – 10 + 1 = 91
7! (Out of these selections, 10 numbers are
Which can be done in ways
4!2! simply 1)
Now 4 S can be kept at any of the ticked places in 70. (c) Given,
8C ways so that no two S are adjacent.
4
Total required ways
n
C r + n C r -1 + n +1C r -1 + n + 2 C r -1 ++....
2n
C r -1
2 n +1
7! 8 7! 8 = C
C4 = C4 = 7 ´ 6C4 ´ 8C4 r 2 -132
=
4!2! 4!2! Þ n+1Cr + n+1Cr-1 + .....+ 2n Cr-1 = 2n+1C
66. (c) 4 novels, out of 6 novels and 1 dictionary r 2 -132
..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
out of 3 can be selected in 6 C4 ´ 3C1 ways
Þ 2 n C r + 2 n C r -1 = 2 n +1C 2
Then 4 novels with one dictionary in the middle r -132
can be arranged in 4! ways.
Þ 2 n +1C r = 2 n +1C
\ Total ways of arrangement r 2 -132

= 6 C4 ´3C1 ´ 4! = 1080 Þ r 2 - r - 132 = 0

67. (c) The number of numbers with 0 in the units place Þ (r - 12) (r + 11) = 0 Þ r =12 Þ n ³12
= 3! = 6 So, minimum value of n = 12.
 8 Binomial Theorem
1. The sum of the rational terms in the expansion of
2 4n
1/5 10
( 2 + 3 ) is equal to 9. The fractional part of is
15
(a) 40 (b) 41 (c) 42 (d) 0 1 2
2. The positive integer just greater than (a) (b)
15 15
(1 + 0.0001)10000 is
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 3 4
(c) (d) None of these
3. The coefficient of x53 in the expansion 15
10. 3 4
The coefficient of a b c in the expansion of
100
Cm ( x – 3) (1 + a – b + c)9 is equal to
å 100 100 – m m
2 is
m =0 9! 9! 9! 9!
100 C 100 C (a)
(a) 47 (b) 53 3!6! (b) 4!5! (c) 3!5! (d) 3!4!
(c) – 100 C 53 (d) – 100 C 100 11. The sum of the series
4. The value of C0 + C1 +20C2+ 20C3+ 20C4+
20 20
2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1
. + . + . + . + ........¥ is equal to
20C +20C +20C +20C 1 3 2 9 3 27 4 81
12 13 14 15 is

(a) 219 –
( 20
C10 + 20
C9 ) (a) loge 3 – loge 2 (b)
1
2
+ loge 3 - loge 2
2 1

(b) 219 –
( 20
C10 + 2 ´ 20 C9 ) (c)
2
+ loge 3 + loge 2 (d) log e 3 + log e 2
50 50
2 12. 5 [( 5 + 1) – ( 5 – 1) ] is
C10 20 (a) an irrational number (b) 0
(c) 219 – (c) a natural number (d) None of these
2 n
(d) None of these 13. The value of å nCr sin ( rx ) is equal to
1 + a 1 + a + a2 r =0
5. The sum 1 + + + .... ¥ is equal to
2! 3! (a) 2 × cos x × sin nx (b)
n n
2n × sinn x × cos nx
2 2 2 2
ea - e
(a) ea (b) (c)2n+1 × cosn x × sin nx (d) 2n+1 × sinn x × cos nx
a -1 2 2 2 2
(c) (a – 1)ea (d) (a + 1) ea m
14. For natural numbers m, n if (1 - y ) (1 + y ) n
n
r+2 28 - 1
6. If å r + 1 n Cr = 6
, then n is = 1 + a1 y + a2 y 2 + ¼ and a1 = a2 = 10, then
r=0
(m, n) is
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 5
7. If 79 + 97 is divided by 64 then the remainder is (a) (20, 45) (b) (35, 20)
(c) (45, 35) (d) (35, 45)
15. What are the values of k if the term independent
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 63 10
8. The greatest integer less than or equal to; æ k ö
of x in the expansion of ç x + 2 ÷ is 405?
è x ø
( 2 + 1)6 is
(a) 196 (b) 197 (c) 198 (d) 199 (a) ± 3 (b) ± 6 (c) ± 5 (d) ± 4
 EBD_7588
100 Mathematics Objective MCQs
16. The value of (10C0) + (10C0+ 10C1) + (10C0+10C1 23. The number of term in the expansion of
+10C2) + ... + (10C0+ 10C1 10C2+ ...+10C9 ) is
[( x + 4 y)3 (x – 4 y) 3 ]2 is
(a) 210 (b) 10.29
(c) 10.210 (d) None of these (a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 32
17. The greatest value of the term independent of x 24. The coefficient of xn in the polynomial
in the expansion of (x sin p + x –1 cos p )10 , p Î R is (x + n C0 )(x + 3 . nC1)(x + 5 . nC2 ) .... (x+(2n + 1) nCn)
10! is
(a) 25 (b) 5 2 (a) n . 2n (b) n . 2n + 1
2 (5!)
(c) (n + 1) . 2n (d) n . 2n + 1
10!
(c) (d) None of these 1 1 3 1 3 5
(5!) 2 25. 1+ + . + . . + ......¥ =
3 3 6 3 6 9
18. If x is very small in magnitude compared with a,
1 1 2 3
æ a ö2 æ a ö2 (a) (b) 2 (c) 3 (d)
then ç ÷ +ç ÷ can be approximately 3 2
èa+xø èa-xø 26. Sum of coefficients in the exansion of
equal to
( x + 2 y + 3z)10 is
1 x x
(a) 1 + (b) (a) 210 (b) 310 (c) 1 (d) 610
2 a a
27. The term independent of x in the expansion of
3 x2 3 x2
(c) 1 + (d) 2+ [(t -1 - 1) x + (t -1 + 1)-1 x -1 ]8 is
4 a2 4 a2
19. If the 7th term in the binomial expansion of 3 3
æ1- t ö æ1+ t ö
9 (a) 56 ç ÷ (b) 56 ç ÷
æ 3 ö è1+ t ø è1- t ø
ç3 + 3 ln x ÷ , x > 0, is equal to 729, then x
è 84 ø 4 4
æ 1- t ö æ 1+ t ö
can be (c) 70 ç ÷ (d) 70 ç ÷
è 1+ t ø è 1- t ø
e
(a) e 2 (b) e (c) (d) 2e 28. The expression
2
éæ 7
ö ù
7
( ) ö æ
n
20. If x = 2 + 3 , then find the value of 1 ê 1 + 3x + 1 - 1 - 3 x +1 ú
3x + 1 êçè 2 ÷
ø
ç
è 2 ÷ ú
ø
x (1 - { x}) , where {x} denotes the fractional part ë û
of x is a polynomial in x of degree equal to
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 5
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 22n (d) 2n C1 C3 C5
29. The value of + + + ....... is equal to
2 4 6
21. In the binomial expansion (a + bx)-3
1 9 2n + 1 2n
= + x + .... , then the value of a and b are : (a) (b)
8 8 n +1 n +1
(a) a = 2, b = 3 (b) a = 2, b = – 6
(c) a = 3, b = 2 (d) a = – 3, b = 2 2n + 1 2n - 1
(c) (d)
22. If the sum of odd numbered terms and the sum n -1 n +1
of even numbered terms in the expansion of 30. If 'n' is positive integer and three consecutive
(x + a)n are A and B respectively, then the value coefficient in the expansion of (1 + x)n are in the
of (x2 – a2)n is ratio 6 : 33 : 110, then n is equal to :
(a) A2 – B2 (b) A2 + B2 (a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 16
(c) 4AB (d) None of these
Binomial Theorem 101
31. If p (n) denotes product of all binomial p p
(a) 2np ± (b) np +
coefficients in (1 + x ) n , then ratio of p (2002) to 6 6
p (2001) is p n 5p
2001 (c) n p + (-1) n (d) n p + ( -1)
(2002) 6 6
(a) 2002 (b) 39. If the ratio of the 7th term from the beginning to
(2001) !
n
(2001) 2002 æ 1 ö 1
(c) (d) 2001 the 7th term from the end in ç 3 2 + is
(2002)! 3 ÷ 6
è 3ø
n
them n equals to
32. If x + y = 1, then å r n Cr x r y n -r equals
(a) 10 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 12
r=0 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
(a) 1 (b) n (c) n x (d) ny 40. x + x + x + x + .................is
2 3 4 5
33. If y = 3x + 6x2 + 10x3 + ........ ¥, then
1 1.4 2 1.4.7 3 x x
y- y + y - .......¥ is equal to (a) + log (1 + x) (b) + log (1 + x)
3 32 2 32 3 1+ x 1– x
(a) x (b) 1 – x (c) 1+ x (d) xx x x
(c) – + log (1 + x) (d) + log (1 – x)
34. The coefficient of x100 in the expansion of 1+ x 1- x
200 n
j 41. If a n = 2n + 1 and C r = C r then
å (1 + x) is :
j= 0 2 2 2
a 0 C20 + a1C1 + a 2 C 2 + ............. a n C n =
æ 200 ö æ 201ö
(a) çç ÷÷ (b) çç ÷÷ (a) (n – 1) ( 2n C n ) (b) n ( 2n C n )
è100 ø è102 ø n
2n
(c) (n + 1) ( Cn ) (d) (n + 1)( C n / 2 )
æ 200 ö æ 201ö
(c) çç ÷÷ (d) çç ÷÷ 42. The ninth term in the expansion of
è101 ø è100 ø
35. If the second term in the expansion ì log3 25x -1 + 7
+3
(
-1/8 log3 5x -1 +1)ü 10

í3 ý is equal to 180,
æ ö
n n
C3 î þ
a
ç 13 a + ÷ is 14a5/2, then n = then x is
ç ÷ C2
è a -1 ø (a) a prime number
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 12 (d) 6 (b) an irrational number
36. The remainder when 2740 is divided by 12 is (c) has non-zero fractional part
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11 (d) None of these
37. The sum of the series 43. The minimum positive integral value of m such
20
C0 - 20
C1 + 20
C2 - 20
C3 + ..... that (1073)71 – m may be divisible by 10, is
20
-..... + C10 is
(a) 0 (b) 20
C10 (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9
1 20 44. The approximate value of (1.0002)3000 is
(c) - 20 C10 (d) C10 (a) 1.6 (b) 1.4 (c) 1.8 (d) 1.2
2
45. The coefficient of x83 in (1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4)n
38. If the middle term in the expansion of (1 – x)n + 3, is –nC2l, then find the value of l
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 9 (d) 8
10 46. If (1 + x)15 = C0 + C1 x + C2 x2 + ...+ C15 x15 then
æ1 ö
ç + x sin x ÷ equals to 7 7 then x is equal to; C2 + 2C3 + 3C4+.....+ 14C15 is equal to
èx ø 8 (a) 14.214 (b) 13.214 + 1
(n Î I) 14
(c) 13.2 – 1 (d) None of these
 EBD_7588
102 Mathematics Objective MCQs
47. The interval in which x must lies so that the 54. If the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of
numerically greatest term in the expansion of (1 – 3x + 10x 2)n is a and if the sum of the
(1 – x)21 has the greatest coefficient is, (x > 0). coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x2)n is b, then
(a) a = 3b (b) a = b3
é5 6ù æ5 6ö (c) b = a 3 (d) None of these
(a) ê6 , 5ú (b) ç , ÷
ë û è6 5ø
ex
æ4 5ö é4 5ù 55. If = B0 + B1x + B2 x2 + .... + Bn xn then Bn –
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ê5 , 4ú 1- x
è5 4ø ë û Bn –1 is
48. The co-efficient of x n in the expansion of 1 1 1
(a) n ! - ( n - 1)! (b)
e 7x + e x n!
is
e3 x 1 1 1
(c) (d) +
(n - 1)! n ! (n - 1)!
4 n – 1 + ( – 2) n 4n –1 + 2n
(a) (b) 56. Which of the following is the greatest?
n! n!

4 n + (– 2) n 4 n –1 + ( – 2) n -1
(c) (d) (a) 31C02 – 31C12 + 31C22 – ... – 31C312
n! n!
49. If C0, C1, C2, ......., C15 are binomial (b) 32C02 – 32C12 + 32C12 – ...+ 32C322
coefficients in (1 + x)15, then (c) 32C02 + 32C12 + 32C22 –...+ 32C322
C1 C C C (d) 34C02 – 34C12 + 34C22 –...+ 34C322
+ 2 2 + 3 3 + ..... + 15 15 = 57. If the fourth term in the expansion of
C0 C1 C2 C14 6
(a) 60 (b) 120 (c) 64 (d) 124 æ æ 1 ö ö
çè çè log x +1ø÷1/12 ÷ø is equal to 200 and
50. The number of integral terms in the expansion of x +x
( 3 + 8 5)256 is x > 1, then x is equal to (log = log10)
(a) 35 (b) 32 (c) 33 (d) 34 (a) 10 2 (b) 10
51. If number of ter ms in the expan sion of (c) 10 4 (d) None of these
58. Find the 7th term from the end in the expansion
( x – 2y + 3z ) n is 45, then n =
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 610 10
æ 2 ö
52. The value of of ç x - ÷ .
è x2 ø
æ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 30 ö (a) 10 C4 (b) 10C4.24x
ç ÷ ç ÷ - ç ÷ ç ÷ + ç ÷ ç ÷ ..... + ç ÷ ç ÷
è 0 ø è 10 ø è 1 ø è 11 ø è 2 ø è 12 ø è 20 ø è 30 ø æ 1 ö÷
æ nö (c) 24. x2 (d) 10C4.24 ççç 2 ÷÷
is where ç ÷ = n Cr èx ø
è rø 59. The coefficient of xm in
æ 30 ö æ 30 ö æ 60 ö æ 31ö (1 + x)m + (1 + x)m+1 + ......... + (1 + x)n, m £ n is
(a) çç ÷÷ (b) çç ÷÷ (c) çç ÷÷ (d) çç ÷÷ (a) n+1 C m+1 (b) n–1 C m–1
è 10 ø è 15 ø è 30 ø è10 ø (c) n C m (d) nC m+1
53. If x ¹ 0, then the sum of the series
60. The coefficient of x –7 in the expansion of
x 2x 2 3x 3 11
1+ + + + ........... ¥ is é 1 ù
2! 3! 4! ê ax - 2 ú will be :
e x +1 e x (x – 1) ë bx û
(a) (b) 462 6 462a 5
x x (a) a (b)
e x ( x – 1) +1 e x (x – 1) + 1 + x b5 b6
(c) (d)
x x -462a 5 -462a 6
(c) (d)
b6 b5
Binomial Theorem 103

61. The coefficient of x n in the expansion of 66. What is the coefficient of x3 in (3 - 2x) ?
(1 - 9x + 20x ) 2 -1
is (1 + 3x)3
(a) – 272 (b) – 540 (c) – 870 (d) – 918
(a) n
5 – 4n (b) 5 n + 1 – 4 n + 1
67. If the third term in the expansion of [ x + x log10 x ]5
(c) 5 n – 1 – 4 n – 1 (d) None of these
62. The value of (7C0 + 7C1) + (7C1 + 7C2) + ... + is 106, then x may be
(7C6 + 7C7) is (a) 1 (b) (d) 10 -2 / 5
10 (c) 10
(a) 28 – 2 (b) 28 – 1 (c) 28 + 1 (d) 28 x
1 1.3 1.3.5 68. The coefficient of xn in the expansion of e e is
63. + + + ..... ¥ =
1.2 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4.5.6
(a) e (b) e +1
ex nn
(c) e -1 (d) e – 1 (a) (b)
n! n!
C0 C2 C4 C6 1
64. + + + + ........ = (c) (d) None of these
1 3 5 7 n!
2n +1 2n +1 - 1 69. If P n denotes the product of the binomial
(a) (b) coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then
n +1 n +1
Pn +1
2n equals
(c) (d) None of these Pn
n +1
65. 3
If x is so small that x and higher powers of x may n +1 nn
3 (a) n!
(b)
3 n!
æ 1 ö
(1 + x) 2 - ç1 + x ÷
be neglected, then è 2 ø may be (n + 1) n (n + 1) n +1
1 (c) (d)
(n + 1) ! (n + 1) !
(1 - x ) 2
¥ ¥
approximated as 2n 2n
70. If A = å B= å then AB is
3 3 (2n -1)! (2 n + 1)!
(a) 1 - x 2 (b) 3 x + x2 n =1 n =1
8 8 equal to
3 2 x 3 2 (a) e2 (b) e (c) e + e2 (d) 1
(c) - x (d) - x
8 2 8

Answer KEYs
1 (b) 8 (b) 15 (a) 22 (a) 29 (d) 36 (c) 43 (c) 50 (c) 57 (b) 64 (c)
2 (d) 9 (a) 16 (b) 23 (b) 30 (c) 37 (d) 44 (a) 51 (b) 58 (d) 65 (c)
3 (c) 10 (d) 17 (b) 24 (c) 31 (b) 38 (c) 45 (d) 52 (a) 59 (a) 66 (d)
4 (b) 11 (b) 18 (d) 25 (c) 32 (c) 39 (b) 46 (b) 53 (d) 60 (b) 67 (c)
5 (b) 12 (c) 19 (b) 26 (d) 33 (a) 40 (d) 47 (b) 54 (b) 61 (b) 68 (d)
6 (d) 13 (a) 20 (a) 27 (c) 34 (a) 41 (c) 48 (c) 55 (b) 62 (a) 69 (d)
7 (a) 14 (d) 21 (b) 28 (a) 35 (a) 42 (b) 49 (b) 56 (c) 63 (c) 70 (d)
 EBD_7588
104 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1. (b) Here Tr+1 = 10 Cr ( 2 ) 10–r (31/5 )r, 1 + a + a 2 + a 3 + .... to n terms

where r = 0, 1, 2, ....,10. Here, Tn =
n!
We observe that in general term Tr+1 powers of
1 1 1(1 - a n ) 1 æç 1 - a n ö
÷
2 and 3 are (10 – r) and r respectively and 0 = =
2 5 (1 - a )(n !) 1 - a çè n ! ÷
ø
£ r £ 10.
So, both these powers will be integers together \ T1 + T2 + T3 + .....to ¥
only when r = 0 or 10
1 é1 - a 1 - a 2 1 - a 3 ù
\ Sum of required terms = T1 + T11 = ê + + + .... to ¥ ú
1 - a êë 1! 2! 3! úû
= 10 C0 ( 2 )10 + 10 C10 (31/5) 10 = 32 + 9 = 41
1 éæ 1 1 1 ö æ a a2 a3 öù
æ 1ö
n = êçç + + + ....to ¥ ÷÷ - çç + + + .... to ¥ ÷ú
÷ú
2. (d) (1 + 0.0001)10000 = ç1 + ÷ , n = 10000 1 - a êëè 1! 2! 3! ø è 1! 2 ! 3! øû
è nø
1 e - ea e a - e
1 n(n - 1) 1 n(n - 1)(n - 2) 1 = [(e - 1) - (e a - 1)] = =
= 1 + n. + + + ........ 1- a 1- a a -1
n 2! n 2 3! n3
n n
r+2 n r + 1+1
1 æ 1 ö 1 æ 1 öæ 2 ö
= 1 + 1 + ç1 - ÷ + ç1 - ÷ç1 - ÷ + ........ 6. (d) å r + 1 r å r + 1 n Cr
C =
2! è n ø 3! è n øè n ø r =0 r=0

1 1 1 1 n n n
C n n +1
C r +1
< 1+ + + + ........ +
1! 2! 3! (9999)! = å n C r + å r + 1r = 2n + å n +1
r =0 r =0 r =0
1 1
= 1 + + + .......¥ = e < 3
1! 2! 1 n
3. (c) The given sigma is the expansion of
= 2n + å n +1C r+1
n +1 r=0
[(x – 3) + 2]100 = (x – 1)100 = (1 – x)100
1
Therefore, x53 will occur in T54. = 2n + (2 n +1 - 1)
T54 = 100C53 (– x)53 n +1
Therefore, the coefficient is – 100C53 1
= [(n + 1)2 n + 2 n +1 - 1]
4. (b) Given series is 20C0 + 20C1 + 20C2 + ¼ + 28C8 n +1
(220 – 20 C10 ) 20 1
= – C9 = [2 n (n + 3) - 1]
2 n +1

(20 C10 + 2 ´ 20 C9 ) (n + 3)2 n - 1 28 - 1 (5 + 3) . 25 - 1

= 219 – Given, = =
2 n +1 6 5 +1
5. (b) The given series is Þ n =5
1+ a 1+ a + a 2 1+ a + a 2 + a3
1+ + + + ....
2! 3! 4!
Binomial Theorem 105
7. (a) We have
2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1
79 + 97 = (8 – 1)9 + (8 + 1)7 = (1 + 8)7 – (1 – 8)9 11. (b) . + . + . + . + .....¥
1 3 2 9 3 27 4 81
= [1 + 7C1 8 + 7C2 82 + ..... + 7 C7 87 ]
2 3
1 æ 1 öæ 1 ö æ 1 öæ 1 ö
9 9 2
- [1 - C18 + C2 8 - ..... - C9 8 ]9 9 = (1 + 1) + ç1 + ÷ç ÷ + ç1 + ÷ç ÷
3 è 2 øè 3 ø è 3 øè 3 ø
= 7C18 + 9C18 + [ 7C2 + 7C3.8 + .... - 9C2 + 9C3.8 - .....]82
4
= 8 (7 + 9) + 64 k = 8.16 + 64 k = 64 q, æ 1 öæ 1 ö
+ ç1 + ÷ç ÷ + ....¥
where q = k + 2 è 4 øè 3 ø
Thus, 79 + 97 is divisible by 64.
ìï 1 æ 1 ö 2 æ 1 ö3 üï
8. (b) Let ( 2 + 1)6 = k + f , where k is integral í
= 3 + ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ....¥ ý+
ïî è3ø è3ø ïþ
part and f the fraction (0 £ f < 1)
ìïæ 1 ö 1 æ 1 ö 2 1 æ 1 ö3 üï
Let ( 2 - 1)6 = f ', (0 < f ' < 1), íç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷ + .....¥ ý
ïîè 3 ø 2 è 3 ø 3è3ø ïþ
Since 0 < ( 2 - 1) < 1 1
3 - log æç1 - 1 ö÷ = 1 - log æç 2 ö÷
Now, k + f + f ' = ( 2 + 1)6 + ( 2 - 1)6 = 1 e e
1- è 3ø 2 è3ø
3
= 2{6 C0 .23 + 6 C2 .22 + 6C4 .2 + 6 C6 } = 198 …(i)
1
\ f + f ' = 198 - k = an integer = + log e 3 - log e 2
2
But 0 £ f < 1 and 0 < f ' < 1 Þ 0 < ( f + f ') < 2
12. (c) é ( 50
5 ê 5 +1 -
ë
) ( 5 - 1)50 ùúû
Þ f + f ' = 1, (Q f + f ' is an integer)

= 2 5 é 50 C1 ( 5) ( 5) ù
49 47
\ By (i), I = 198 – ( f + f ') = 198 - 1 = 197 +50 C3 + .....ú
êë û
2 4n 16 n (1 + 15) n
9. (a) = = = 2 éë 50 C1 ( 5)50 + 50 C3 ( 5) 48 + .....ùû
15 15 15
= a natural number
n n 2 n n
1 + C1 15 + C 2 15 + .... + C n 15 n æ n ö
=
15 13. (a) å nCr sin rx = Im çç å nCr eirx ÷÷
r =0 è r =0 ø
1 + 15k 1
= , where k Î N, = +k æ n rö
( ) ÷÷ = Im æçè (1 + e ) ö÷ø
n
15 15 = Im çç å n Cr eix ix

è r =0 ø
24n 1
\ Fractional part of is = Im(1 + cos x + i sin x)n
15 15
10. (d) (1 + a – b + c)9 = Im(2 cos2 x + 2i sin x . cos x )n
2 2 2
9!
= å x1 ! x2 ! x3 !x4 ! × (1) x1 (a) x2 (– b) x3 (c) x4 (
= Im æç 2 cos x cos x + i sin x ö÷ )
n

è 2 2 2 ø

9! 9!
Þ Coefficient of a3b4c = = = 2n. cosn x . sin nx
1! 3! 4!1! 3! 4! 2 2
 EBD_7588
106 Mathematics Objective MCQs

14. (d) (1 - y )m (1 + y) n
10 sin 5 2 p
C5 sin5P cos5P = 10
C5
= [1 - m C1 y + m C2 y 2 - ......] [1 + n C1 y + n C2 y 2 + .....] 32
which is greatest when sin 2p = 1.
ì m( m - 1) n(n - 1) ü
= 1 + (n - m) y + í + - mn ý y 2 + .....
î 2 2 þ 1 1
æ a ö2 æ a ö2
m(m - 1) n(n - 1) 18. (d) ç ÷ +ç ÷
= 1 + (n - m) y + ìí +
ü
- mn ý y 2 + ..... èa+xø èa -x ø
î 2 2 þ
By comparing coefficients with the given 1 1
- -
expression, we get æa+xö 2 æa-xö 2
=ç ÷ +ç ÷
\ a1 = n - m = 10 and è a ø è a ø

m2 + n2 - m - n - 2mn -
1
-
1
a2 = = 10 æ xö 2 æ xö 2
2 = ç1 + ÷ + ç1 - ÷
è aø è aø
So, n – m = 10 and (m - n) 2 - (m + n) = 20
Þ m + n = 80 \ m = 35, n = 45 é 1 x 3 x2 ù é 1 x 3 x2 ù
= ê1 - + ú + ê1 + + ú
2 2
10 ëê 2 a 8 a ûú ëê 2 a 8 a ûú
æ k ö
15. (a) Given expansion is ç x + 2 ÷
è x ø é x ù 3 x2
êQx << a , \ a << 1ú = 2 + . 2
r
ë û 4 a
æ k ö
(r + 1) th term, Tr +1 = 10 Cr ( x )10 - r ç ÷ 19. (b) Let r + 1 = 7 Þ r = 6
è x2 ø
9
æ 3 ö
Þ Tr +1 = 10
C rx 5–r / 2 r
.(k) .x –2r
Given expansion is ç 3 + 3 ln x ÷ , x > 0
è 84 ø
\ Tr +1 = 10 C r x (10–5r) / 2 (k)r We have Tr+1 = nCr (x)n–r ar for (x + a)n.
Since, Tr+1 is independent of x \ According to the question
10 – 5r 3
\ = 0 Þ r = 2\ 405 = 10C2 (k)2 9 æ 3 ö 6
729 = C6 ç ÷ .( 3 ln x)
2 3
è 84 ø
405 = 45 × k2 Þ k2 = 9 Þ k = ± 3
16. (b) (10C0) + (10C0 + 10C1) + (10C0 + 10C1 + 10C2) 33 3
Þ 36 = 84 ´ ´ 3 ´ (6 ln x)
+ ¼ + (10C0 + 10C1 + 10C2+ ¼ +10C9) 84
= 10 10C0 + 910C1 + 8 10C2 + ¼ + 10C9 Þ (ln x)6 = 1 Þ (ln x)6 = (ln e)6 Þ x = e
= 10C1 + 2 10C2 + 3 10C3 + ¼ + 10 10C10
( )
n
20. (a) x = 2+ 3
10 10
= å r10 Cr = 10 å 9 Cr –1 = 10 × 29 ( 3)
2
r =1 r =1 = n C0 2n + nC1 2n -1 3 + nC2 2n - 2 +¼
17. (b) `(x sin p + x– 1 cos p)10, general term is
( )
n
Tr + 1 = 10Cr(x sin p)10– r(x– 1 cos p)r. Let x1 = 2 - 3
For the term independent of x we have 10 – 2r = 0
( 3)
2
or r = 5 = n C0 2n - nC1 2n -1 3 + n C2 2n - 2 +¼
Hence, independent term is
Binomial Theorem 107
3 3 2 2 2 6
23. (b) [(x + 4y) (x – 4y) ] = [{x – (4y) }]
x + x1 = 2 æç n C0 2n + nC2 2n -2 ( 3) + ¼ö÷
2
= (x2 – 16y2)6
è ø \ No. of terms in the expansion = 7
= Even integer.
24. (c) ( x + n C 0 )(x + 3. n C1 )(x + 5 . n C 2 ).....
Clearly, x, Î (0, 1) " nÎN
(x + (2n + 1) . nCn)
Þ [ x] + { x} + x1 = Even integer
= x n +1 + x n {n C 0 + 3 . n C1 + 5 . n C 2 + .....
Þ { x} + x1 = Integer { x} Î ( 0,1) , x1 Î (0,1)
+ ( 2n + 1) . n C n } + ....
Þ {x} + x1 Î ( 0, 2) Coeff. of xn
Þ { x} + x1 = 1 Þ x1 = 1 - {x} = n C 0 + 3 . n C1 + 5. n C 2 + ..... + (2n + 1) . n C n

= 1 + ( n C1 + 2 . n C1 ) + ( n C 2 + 4 . n C 2 ) + ....
( ) (2 - 3 )
n n
Þ x (1 - { x}) = x. x1 = 2 + 3 =1
21. (b) Given expansion is (a + bx)–3 which can be + ( n C n + 2n . n C n )
written as n n n n n
= (1+ C1 + ....+ Cn ) + 2( C1 + 2 C2 +....+ n. Cn )
-3 -3
é æ b öù æ b ö
êa ç1 + a x ÷ú = a -3 ç1 + x ÷ é n(n -1) n(n -1)(n - 2) ù
ë è øû è a ø = 2n + 2ên + 2. + 3. + ...+ n .1ú
ë 2! 3! û
æ 3b æb ö
2 ö
= a -3 ç1 - x + 6 ç x ÷ - ........... ÷ n n -1 n -1
= 2 + 2n[1 + C1 + C 2 + .... +
n -1
C n -1 ]
ç a èa ø ÷
è ø
n n -1
= 2 + 2n . 2 = 2 n (1 + n ) = (n + 1) . 2 n
(By using (1 + x)–3 = 1 – 3x + 6x2 – ........)
25. (c) Let the given series be the expansion of
1 9 (1 + x)n, then it is identical with
But given that: (a + bx)–3 = + x + ........
8 8
n (n - 1) 2
1 + nx + . x + .....
é 3b b2 ù 1 9 2!
\ a -3 ê1 - x + 6 .x 2 - ....ú = + x + .....
ëê a a2 ûú 8 8 1
\ nx = ...(1)
3
-31 -3
Þ a = =2 Þa=2
8 n (n - 1) 1
. x2 = ...(2)
and –3ba–4 = 9 . 2–3 Þ b = –6 2 6
22. (a) Solving the equations (1) and (2)
( x + a ) n = n C 0 x n + n C 1 x n -1 a + n C 2 x n - 2 a 2 2
1
n -3 3 n -4 4
we get n = - and x = -
n
+ C3 x n
a + C4 x a + .... 2 3
\ The given series
= ( n C 0 x n + n C 2 x n -2 a 2 + n C 4 x n -4 a 4 + ....) +
1 1
- -
( n C1 x n -1a + n C 3 x n -3a 3 + n C5 x n -5 a 5 ) + .... æ 2ö
= ç1 - ÷
2 æ1ö
=ç ÷
2
= 3
= A + B ....(1) è 3ø è3ø
Similarly, (x – a)n = A – B .....(2) 26. (d) Put x = y = z = 1, the sum of coefficient
Multiplying eqns. (1) and (2), we get = (1 + 2 + 3)10 = 610.
( x 2 - a 2 ) n = A 2 - B2
 EBD_7588
108 Mathematics Objective MCQs

27. (c) [(t -1 - 1) x + (t -1 + 1)-1 x -1 )]8 n(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3)(n - 4)

+ + ......
6!
-1 8
éæ 1 ö æ1 ö 1ù
ê
= ç - 1 ÷ x + ç + 1 ÷ ú 1 é (n + 1)n (n + 1)n( n - 1)( n - 2)
ëêè t ø è t ø x ûú = ê + +
n + 1 ë 2! 4!
Let Tr + 1 be the term independent of x, then ( n + 1) n( n - 1)( n - 2)( n - 3)( n - 4) ù
+ .....ú
8- r -r r 6! û
æ1 ö æ1 ö æ1ö
Tr +1 = 8Cr ç - 1÷ x 8- r . ç + 1 ÷ ç ÷
èt ø èt ø è xø 1 n +1
= [ C 2 + n +1C 4 + n +1C 6 + .....]
n +1
8- r -r
æ1 ö æ1 ö
=
8
Cr ç - 1÷ . ç + 1÷ . x8-2r 1 2n - 1
èt ø èt ø = é 2n +1-1 - n +1 C0 ù =
n +1 ë û n +1
\ 8 - 2r = 0 Þ r = 4 30. (c) Let the consecutive coefficient of
\ T5 is the term independent of x and (1 + x)n are nCr–1, nCr, nCr + 1
4 -4 From the given condition, nCr–1 : nCr : nCr + 1 = 6
æ1 ö æ1 ö
T5 = 8C4 ç - 1÷ . ç + 1÷ : 33 : 110
èt ø èt ø Now nCr – 1: nCr = 6 : 33
4 -4 n! r!(n - r)! 6
8 æ 1- t ö æ 1 + t ö Þ ´ =
= C4 ç ÷ .ç ÷ (r -1)! (n - r + 1)! n! 33
è t ø è t ø
r 2
8 æ1- t ö
4
8. 7 . 6.5 æ 1 - t ö
4
Þ = Þ 11r = 2n – 2r + 2
= C4 ç ÷ = ç ÷ n - r + 1 11
è1+ t ø 4 . 3 . 2 . 1è 1+ t ø
Þ 2n – 13r + 2 = 0 ....(i)
4 and nCr : nCr + 1= 33 : 110
æ 1- t ö
= 70. ç ÷ n! (r + 1)! (n - r - 1)! 33 3
è 1+ t ø Þ ´ = =
r!(n - r)! n! 110 10
éæ 4
ö æ ö ù
7
êç 1 - 3x + 1 ÷ - ç 1 - 3x +1 ÷ ú Þ
(r + 1) 3
= Þ 3n – 13r – 10 = 0 ...(ii)
28. (a) êç 2 ÷ ç 2 ÷ ú n - r 10
ëè ø è ø û
Solving (i) & (ii), we get n = 12
é
( ) ( )
7 7ù n
1 ê 1 + 3x + 1 - 1 - 3x + 1 ú p(n) C0 .n C1.n C2 .....n Cn
= 31. (b) =
n +1
3x + 1 êë 27 úû p(n + 1) C0 .n +1 C1.n +1C2 ......n +1Cn +1

{
é 7 7 3 7 5 7 7 ù
1 ê 2 C1 ( 3x +1) + C3 ( 3x +1) + C5 ( 3x +1) + C7 ( 3x +1) ú } 1 æ n C 0 ö æ n C1 ö
ç ÷ç
æ n Cn ö
=
3x +1 ëê úû = ÷.......ç ÷
27 n +1
C 0 çè n +1 C1 ÷ø çè n +1 C 2 ÷ø ç n +1 C
è
÷
n +1 ø
1 é7
= C1 + 7C3 (3x + 1) + 7C5 (3x + 1) 2 + 7C7 (3x + 1)3 ù
26 ë û 1æ 1 öæ 2 ö æ n +1 ö
= ç ÷ ç ÷ ........ ç ÷
Clearly above is a polynomial of degree 3 in x. 1 è n + 1 ø è n +1 ø è n +1 ø
é n
C r +1 ù
C1 C3 C5 n n(n - 1)(n - 2) êQ n +1 r = ú
29. (d) + + + ..... = +
2 4 6 2 4! ëê C r +1 n + 1 ûú
Binomial Theorem 109

( n + 1) ! n! +
n -1 3 5
= =
( n + 1) n +1
( n + 1) n Þ na 13 2 = 14a 2 Þ n = 14

p (2002) (2002) 2001 n

C3 14
C3 12
\ = Þ = = =4
p (2001) (2001) ! n
C2 14
C2 3
32. (c) We have,
n n 36. (c) 2740 = 3120
n
år n
Cr x yr n -r
= å r n -1C r -1 x r -1x1y n -r
r=0 r=0
r 3119 = (4 - 1)119 = 119 C0 4119 - 119C1 4118
n
= nx å n -1C r -1 x r-1 y (n -1)-(r-1) + 119 C2 4117 - 119 C3 4116 + .... + ( -1)
r=0
= nx (x + y)n – 1 = nx [Q x + y = 1] \ 3119 = 4k – 1
\ 3120 = 12k – 3 = 12 (k – 1) + 9
33. (a) We have y = 3x + 6x 2 + 10x 3 + ....... \ The required remainder is 9.
Þ 1 + y = 1 + 3x + 6x 2 + 10x 3 + ..... 37. (d) We know that, (1 + x)20 = 20C0 + 20C1x +
20C x2 20C x10 + ..... 20C x20
+ ......
Þ 1 + y = (1 - x ) -3 Þ 1 - x = (1 + y) -1 / 3 2 10 20
Put x = –1, (0) = C0 – C1 + C2 – 20C3 + ......
20 20 20

Þ x = 1 - (1 + y) -1 / 3 + 20C10 – 20C11 .... + 20C20

1 1. 4 2 1. 4 . 7 3 Þ 0 = 2[20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3 + ..... – 20C9]
= y- y + y - .....
3 32 . 2 32 . 3 + 20C10
34. (a) Þ 20C = 2[20C – 20C + 20C – 20C
10 0 1 2 3
(1 + x) j = 1 + j C1 x + j C 2 x 2 + j C3 x3 + ...... + ...... – 20C9 + 20C10]

+ j C100 x100 + .... + j C 200 x 200 Þ 20C – 20C + 20C – 20C + .... + 20C
0 1 2 3 10
\ Coefficient of x100 in the expansion of
1 20
= C10
(1 + x) j = j C100 2
38. (c) Middle term in th e expansion is
Coefficient of x100 in the expansion of
th
200 200 æ 10 ö
j
å (1 + x) will be equal to å
j
C100 çè + 1÷ø i.e., 6th term.
j =0 j=100
2
100 101 102
= C100 + C100 + C100 + .... + 200 C100 7 1 63
Thus T6 = 7 Þ 10C5 5 . x5 sin5 x =
æ 200 ö
8 x 8
= 200C100 = ç ÷
è 100 ø 63 1
Þ 252.sin 5 x = Þ sin 5 x =
8 32
5 1
35. (a) We have T2 = 14 a 2 Þ sin x =
2
1 3 5 π
\ x = nπ + (-1)n
Þ n C1 (a13 )n -1 (a 2 ) = 14 a 2 6
 EBD_7588
110 Mathematics Objective MCQs

T7 1 T 1 10
Þ 7 =
( )
-1/8 ù
39. (b) Given
Tn - 7 + 2
=
6 Tn - s 6 = é 25x -1 + 7 + 5x -1 + 1
êë úû

6 (since aloga N = N )
( )
n n -6 æ 1 ö
C6 3 2 çè 3 ÷ø
3 1 Here, T9 = 180
Þ n -6
=
6
( ) {(5 }
6æ 1 ö
{ } -1/8 8
10-8
)
n
Cn - 6 3 2 ç 3 ÷ 10
25x-1 + 7 x -1
+1 = 180
è 3ø Þ C8

n -12 n -12 n -12

( )( )
-1
1 Þ 10
C8 25x -1 + 7 5x -1 + 1 = 180
Þ 2 3 .3 3 = Þ6 3 = 6 -1
6

\
n - 12
= - 1Þ n = 9 Þ 45
(25 x -1
+7 ) = 180 Þ 25 x -1
+7 = 4
3 x -1
5 x -1
+1 5 +1
1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
40. (d) x + x + x + x + ........ y2 + 7
2 3 4 5 Þ = 4, where y = 5x–1 Þ y2 – 4y + 3 = 0
y +1
æ 1 ö 2 æ 1ö 3 æ 1 ö 4 æ 1 ö 5
= ç1- ÷x + ç1- ÷x + ç1- ÷ x + ç1- ÷x +....... Þ y = 3, 1 Þ 5x–1 = 3 or 5x–1 = 1
è 2ø è 3ø è 4ø è 5ø
Þ 5x = 15 or 5x = 5 Þ x = log5 15 or x = 1
= (x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + ......) + 43. (c) (1073)71 – m = (73 + 1000)71 – m
æ x 2 x3 x 4 x5 ö = 71C0 (73)71 + 71C1 (73)70 (1000) + 71C2 (73)69
ç- - - - ......÷
ç 2 3 4 5 ÷ (1000)2 +........+ 71C71 (1000)71– m
è ø
Above will be divisible by 10 if 71C0 (73)71 is
æ x 2 x3 x 4 x5 ö divisible by 10
= (x + x2 + x3 +.....) + ç - - - - ......÷ Now 71C0 (73)71 = (73)70 . 73 = (732)35 . 73
ç 2 3 4 5 ÷
è ø The last digit of 732 is 9, so the last digit of (732)35
x is 9.
= + loge (1 – x) \ Last digit of (732)35 . 73 is 7
1- x
Hence, the minimum positive integral value of m
41. (c) Sn = a0C02 + a1C12 + a2C22 +........+ anCn2
is 7, so that it is divisible by 10.
Sn = anCn2 + an – 1Cn – 12 + an – 22 +........+ a0C02 44. (a) (1.0002)3000= (1+ 0.0002)3000
2Sn = (a0 + an) C02 + (a1 + an – 1) C12 +....+ (an + a0) Cn1 (3000)(2999)
= 1 + (3000)(0.0002) + (0.0002) 2 +
= (2n + 2) (C02 + C12 + C22 +..........+ Cn2) 1.2

\ Sn = (n + 1) 2nCn (3000)(2999)(2998)
(0.0002)3 + ...
[Q a0 + an = a1 + an – 1 +..........= 2n + 2] 1.2.3
42. (b) We have, We want to get answer correct to only one decimal
places and as such we have left further expansion.
ì log3 25x -1 + 7
+3
(
-1/8log3 5x-1 +1)ü 10

= 1 + (3000)(0.0002) = 1.6
í3 ý
î þ
Binomial Theorem 111

( ) | 21C10 x10 | > | 21C9 . x 9 |

n
45. (d) We have, 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 ( x - 1)n+ 3
21! 21! 21! 21!
( x5 - 1)n n + 3 = (x5 – 1)n (x – 1)3 Þ > x and x>
n (
= × x - 1) 10! 11! 9! 12! 11! 10! 9! 12!
(1 - x )
(Qx > 0)
n
( 3
= + x - 3x + 3x - 1 2
)å n
Cr ( -1) x
r 5r
6 5 æ5 6ö
r =0 Þ x< and x > Þ x Îç , ÷
5 6 è6 5ø
n n
= + å nCr ( -1) x5 r + 3 + 3å nCr ( -1) x5 r + 2
r r
e 7x + e x
r =0 r =0 48. (c) = e4x + e–2x
e 3x
n n
-3å n Cr ( -1) x5 r +1 + 3å n Cr ( -1) x5 r
r r
é (4x) 2 ù é (-2x)2 ù
r =0 r =0 = ê 1 + 4 x + + ú
...... + ê1 + ( -2 x ) + + .......ú
ëê 2! ûú ëê 2! ûú
For term containing x , we have 5r + 3 = 83 83

Þ r = 16 whereas 5r + 2 = 83, 5r + 1 = 83 and 4 n (-2) n

\ coeff. of xn = +
5r = 83 give no integral value of r. Hence, there is n! n!
only one term containing x83 whose coefficient 49. (b) General term of the given series is
n
= - nC16 = - nC2l \ 2l = 16 Þ l = 8 r
Cr
=n+1–r
15 n
46. (b) The general term Tr = (r – 1) Cr , Cr -1
r = 2, 3, 4, ...., 15 By taking summation over n, we get
\ Tr = r 15Cr – 15Cr n
15 15 15
Cr
= 15. 14Cr –1 – 15Cr [ Q r .nCr = n. n – 1Cr – 1] år n
Cr -1
= å (n + 1 - r ) = å (16 - r )
1 n =1 1
15
\ å Tr = 15 é 14
ë
C1 + 14
C2 + .... + C14 ù
14
û 1
r =2 = 16 × 15 – × 15 ´ 16
2
- é15 C2 + 15C3 + ... + 15C15 ù n ( n + 1)
ë û By using sum of n natural numbers =
14 15 2
= 15 [2 – 1] – [2 – 1 – 15]
= (15 – 2)214 + 1 = 13.214 + 1 = 240 – 120 = 120
47. (b) If n is odd, then numerically greatest 256-r
coefficient in the expansion of (1 – x)n is 50. (c) Tr+1 = 256Cr ( 3)256-r (8 5)r = 256Cr (3) 2 (5)r /8

n n
C n -1 C n +1
or .
2 2
Terms will be integral if 256 - r & r both are
Therefore in (1 – x)21, the numerically greatest 2 8
coefficient is 21C10 or 21C11. So, the numerically
+ve integer, which is so if r is an integral multiple
greatest term
of 8. As 0 £ r £ 256
21
= C11x11 or 21
C10 x10 \ r = 0,8,16, 24,........256 , total 33 values.
So, 21
C11x11 > 21
C12 x12 and 51. (b) No. of terms in the expansion = n + 3–1C3–1
\ n + 2C2 = 45 Þ n = 8
 EBD_7588
112 Mathematics Objective MCQs

52. (a) To find 55. (b) We have (1 – x) (B0 + B1x + B2x2 + ....
30C 30C – 30C130 C11 + 30 C230C12 – .... .... + Bn – 1 xn – 1 + Bnxn + ...)
0 10
30 C 30C
20 30+ x 2 x3 xn
= e x =1 + x + + + .... + + .... ...(1)
We know that (1 + x)30 = 30C0 + 30C1x + 30C2x2 2 ! 3! n!
+ .... + 30C20x20 + ....30C30x30 ....(1) Hence equating the coefficients of xn on both sides
(x – 1) = C0x – C1x +....+ C10x20
30 30 30 30 29 30 of (1)
– 30C11x19 + 30C12x18 +.... 30C30x0 ....(2) 1
we get Bn - Bn -1 = .
Multiplying eqn (1) and (2), we get n!
(x2 – 1)30 = (1) × (2) 56. (c) We know that nC02 + nC12 + ¼ + nCn2 = 2nCn
Equating the coefficients of x20 on both sides, and nC02 – nC12 + ¼ + nCn2
we get
ìï 0,if n is odd
30C
10 = 30C030 C10 – 30 C130C11 + = ín n/2
30 C 30C – 30C 30C
ïî Cn/2 (–1) ,if n is even
2 12 ....+ 20 30
From this 31C02 – 31C02 + 31C22 – ¼ – 31C312 = 0
\ Req. value is 30C10
32C 2 – 32C 2 + 32C 2 – ¼ + 32C 2 = – 32C
53. (d) The general term of the series 0 1 2 32 16
34C 2 – 34C 2 + 34C 2 – ¼ + 34C 2 = – 34C
0 1 2 32 17
x 2 x 2 3x 3 32C 2 + 32C 2 + 32C 2 – ¼ + 32C 2 = 64C
+ + + .......¥ is 0 1 2 32 32
2! 3! 4! Obviously 64C32 is greatest.
57. (b) Given, T4 = 200
n
nx 3
Tn = , n = 1, 2,...........,¥ æ æ 1 ö ö
(n + 1) !
ç ç ÷ ÷ 1/12 3
Þ C3 ç xè log x +1 ø
6
÷ (x ) = 200
n + 1 - 1 n x n 1 x n +1 ç ÷
= x = - è ø
(n + 1)! n ! x (n + 1)!
x 2 x 2 3x 3 3 1
\ 1+ + + + .......¥ +
2! 3! 4! 2(log x +1) 4
Þ 20 . x = 200
¥ ¥
xn 1 x n +1
= 1+ å -
n! x å (n + 1) !
ì
í
î
3 1ü
+ ý
2(log x +1) 4 þ
n =1 n =1 Þ x = 10

1 x 3 1 1
= 1 + (ex – 1) - (e – 1 – x) Þ + = log x 10 =
x 2(log x + 1) 4 log10 x

x ex - ex + 1+ x ( x - 1) e x + (1 + x ) 3 1 1
= = Þ + = where y = log x
x x 2( y + 1) 4 y 10

54. (b) We have a = sum of the coefficient in the

Þ y = -4 or y = 1
expansion of (1 – 3x + 10x2)n = (1 – 3 + 10)n = (8)n
Þ (1 – 3x + 10x2)n = (2)3n, [Putting x = 1] Þ log10 x = -4 or log10 x = 1
Now, b = sum of the coefficient in the expansion
Þ x = 10 - 4 or 10 Þ x = 10 (Q x > 1)
of (1 + x2)n = (1 + 1)n = 2n. Clearly, a = b3
Binomial Theorem 113
58. (d) The 7th term from the end = 5th term from
(2n )! 1
beginning = =
n n
4 (2n) !2 n ! 2 n!
æ 2 ö æ 1 ö
-
T5 = 10C4x6 çè x 2 ÷ø = 10C4 . 24 çè x 2 ÷ø Now putting n = 1, 2, 3, ...... we see that the sum
of series
59. (a) m
Cm + m +1
C m + ........ + n C m 1 (1 / 2) 2 (1 / 2) 3
S= + + + ....
2 2! 3!
= m+1 C m+1 + m +1C m + ........ + n C m
1
= m+ 2 C m +1 + m+ 2 C m + ........ + n C m = e 2 - 1 = e -1
= ............................................................... 64. (c) Putting the value of C0, C2, C4....., we get
= n C m +1 + n Cm = n +1Cm +1 n(n - 1) n (n - 1)( n - 2)(n - 3)
=1 + + + .....
60. (b) Suppose x–7 occurs in (r + 1)th term. 3.2! 5.4!
n
we have Tr + 1 = Cr x n – r a in (x + a)n.
r
-1 1
=
In the given question, n = 11, x = ax, a = n +1
bx 2
r é (n + 1)n(n - 1) (n + 1)n(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3) ù
11C
æ -1 ö êë(n + 1) + 3!
+
5!
+ .....ú
û
\ Tr + 1 = r (ax)11– r ç 2÷
è bx ø Put n + 1 = N
= 11Cr a11 – r b– r x11 – 3r (– 1)r 1é N ( N - 1)( N - 2) N ( N -1)( N - 2)( N - 3)( N - 4) ù
= N+ + + ...ú
This term contains x–7 if 11 – 3r = – 7 Þ r = 6 N êë 3! 5! û
Therefore, coefficient of x–7 is
æ -1 ö 462 5
6 =
1
N
{ N
C1 + N C3 + N C5 + .... }
11C (a)5 ç ÷ = 6 a
6 è b ø b
61. 2 –1
(b) (1 – 9x + 20x ) = [(1 – 4x) (1 – 5x)] –1 =
N
2 {
1 N -1
=
2n
n +1
} {Q N = n + 1}

1 é (1 - 4x) - (1 - 5x) ù 1
= ê ú = [(1 – 5x)–1 – (1 – 65. (c) Q x 3 and higher powers of x may be
x ë (1 - 4x).(1 - 5x) û x
neglected
4x)–1]
3 3
(1 + x ) 2 - æç1 +
1 xö
= [(5 – 4)x + (52 – 42) x2 + (53 – 43) x3 \ ÷
5 è 2ø

n
\ coeff. of x = 5 n+1
+......+ (5n – 4n) xn +......]
– 4n + 1
(1 - x ) 1
2

62. (a) (7C0 + 7C1) + (7C1 + 7C2) + ¼ + (7C6 + 7C7) éæ 3 1 ö ù

-1 êç 3 . ÷ æ 2 öú
= 8C1 + 8C2 + ¼ + 8C7 = 8C0 + 8C1 + 8C2 + ¼ 2 2 x 2 - ç1 + 3 x 3.2 x
= (1 - x ) 2 êç1 + x + ÷ ç + ÷ú
+ 8C7 + 8C8 – (8C0 + 8C8) = 28 – 1(1 + 1) = 28 – 2. êëè 2 2! ø è 2 2! 4 ÷ø ú
û
1 . 3 . 5......(2n - 1)
63. (c) Tn = é 1 3 ù
ê x .
(2n )!
= ê1 + + 2 2 x 2 ú é -3 x 2 ù = -3 x 2
úê ú 8
ë 2 2! ûë 8 û
1 . 2 . 3 . 4 .....(2n - 1) . 2n
=
(2n )! 2 . 4 . 6 .....2n (as x3 and higher powers of x can be neglected)
 EBD_7588
114 Mathematics Objective MCQs

(3 - 2x) n e x
66. (d) 3
= (3 – 2x) (1 + 3x)–3 \ Coefficient of x in e
(1 + 3x)
( -3)( -4) 1 æ 1 ö 1 æç 2 n ö÷ 1 æç 3n ö÷
= (3 – 2x) [1– 9x + .9x 2 = 1! çç n ! ÷÷ + 2! ç n ! ÷ + 3! ç n ! ÷ + .... to ¥
2! è ø è ø è ø
( -3)( -4)( -5)
+ .27x 3 + ....] 1 æç 1 2 n 3n ö
3! = + + + .....to¥ ÷
[Expanding (1 + 3x)–3] n ! çè 1! 2 ! 3! ÷
ø
= (3 – 2x) (1 – 9x + 54x2 – 270 x3 +.........)
\ Coefficient of x3 = – 270 × 3 – 2 × 54 = – 918 69. (d) Here, Pn = n C 0 . n C1 . n C 2 .... n C n
67. (c) Put log10x = y, the given expression becomes and Pn +1 = n +1C 0 . n +1 n +1
C1 . C 2 .... n +1C n +1
y 5.
(x + x )
n +1
Pn +1 C 0 . n +1C1 . n + 2C 2 .... n +1C n +1
5 3
T3 = C 2 . x ( x ) = 10 xy 2 3+ 2 y 6
= 10 (given) \ =
n
Pn C0 . n C1 . n C 2 .... n C n
Þ (3 + 2 y ) log10 x = 5log10 10 = 5
æ n +1 C1 öæ n +1 C 2 öæ n +1 C 3 ö æ n +1 Cn +1 ö
Þ (3 + 2 y ) y = 5 ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷..... ç ÷
=ç n ÷ç n ÷ç n ÷ ç nC ÷
è C 0 øè C1 øè C 0 ø è n ø
5 5
Þ y = 1, - Þ log10 x = 1 or log10 x = -
2 2 æ n + 1 öæ n + 1 öæ n + 1 ö æ n + 1 ö
\ x = 10 or x = (10) –5/2 =ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷.....ç ÷
è 1 øè 2 øè 3 ø è n + 1 ø
68. (d) Let ex = z, then
¥ ¥ ¥ (n + 1) n +1
zk (ex )k ekx
e ex z
=e = å k!
= å k!
= å k!
=
(n + 1) !
k=0 k =0 k =0
¥
2n - 1 + 1
æ e x e 2x e3x
= ç1 + + +
ö
+ ... to ¥ ÷
70. (d) A= å (2n - 1) !
ç 1! 2 ! ÷ n =1
è 3! ø
¥
é 1 1 ù
æ ¥
1 ç xn
ö
÷ 1 ç
æ ¥
(2x ) n
ö
÷ = å êë (2n - 2)! + (2n - 1) !úû
= 1+ ç
1 !ç å n!
+
÷÷ 2 ! çç å n! ÷÷ + n =1
èn = 0 ø èn =0 ø
1 1 1
= 1+ + + + ..... = e
1 æç ¥ (3x ) n ö
÷ + to ....¥
1! 2! 3!
å
3 !ç n =0 n ! ÷ Similarly B = e–1 as terms will be alternately
è ø
positive and negative.

\ AB = e . e -1 = 1
 Sequences
9 and Series
1. Let An be the sum of the first n terms of the 6. If a, b, c are positive numbers, then least value of
704 704 704 æ1 1 1ö
geometric series 704 + + + +¼ (a + b + c) ç + + ÷ is
2 4 8 èa b cø
and Bn be the sum of the first n terms of the (a) 1 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) None
1984 1984 1984 7. If a = 1 + ( 3 – 1) + ( 3 – 1) + ( 3 – 1) + 2 3
geometric series 1984 – + + +¼
2 4 8 .......... and ab = 1, then a and b are the roots of the
If An = Bn, then the value of n is (where n Î N). equation
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
(a) x 2 + 4x – 1 = 0 (b) x 2 – 4x – 1 = 0
a a
2. If | r | > 1and x = a + + 2 + ....to ¥ ,
r r (c) x 2 + 4x + 1 = 0 (d) x 2 – 4x + 1 = 0
b b 100
y = b- + - ....to ¥
r r2 8. Let an be the nth term of an A.P. If å a 2r = a
xy r =1
c c
and z = c + 2 + 4 + ...to ¥ , then = 100
r r z
ab ac bc
and å a 2r-1 = b , then the common difference
r =1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
c b a of the A.P. is
3. ABC is a right angled triangle in which ÐB = 90° a -b
and BC = a. If n points L1, L2, ¼, Ln on AB are (a) a - b (b) b - a (c) (d) none
such that AB is divided in n + 1 equal parts and 2
L1M1, L2M2, ¼, LnMn are line segments parallel æyö æxö
ln ç ÷ 2 ln ç y ÷
to BC and M1, M2, ¼, Mn are on AC, then the z ø ln ( XZ )
9. If x è .y = y4 ln y for any x >1,
.z è ø
sum of the lengths of L1M1, L2M2, ¼, LnMn is
y >1 and z >1, then which one of the following is
correct?
(a) ln y is the GM of ln x, ln x, ln x and ln z
a(n + 1) a(n –1)
(a) (b) (b) ln y is the AM of ln x, ln x, ln x and ln z
2 2 (c) ln y is the HM of ln x, ln x and ln z
an (d) ln y is the AM of ln, In x, ln z and ln z
(c) (d) None of these
2 10. What is the greatest value of the positive integer
4. The sum of i – 2 – 3i + 4... upto 100 terms, where n satisfying the condition
i = –1 is 1 1 1 1 1
(a) 50(1 – i) (b) 25i 1+ + + + ...... + n–1 < 2 – ?
2 4 8 2 1000
(c) 25(1 + i) (d) 100(1 – i)
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
5. Consider the sequence 8A + 2B, 6A + B, 4A, 11. If (1 – p) (1 + 3x + 9x2 + 27x3 + 81x4 + 243x5) = 1 – p6,
2A – B, ......., Which term of this sequence will p
have a coefficient of A which is twice the coeffi- p ¹ 1 then the value of is
cient of B? x
(a) 10th (b) 14th 1 1
(c) 16th (d) None of these (a) (b) 3 (c) (d) 2
3 2
 EBD_7588
116 Mathematics Objective MCQs
12. Given that a, g are root of the equation
Ax2 – 4x + 1 = 0. and b, d the roots of the equation (c) 9 ( Sn – Sn –1 ) = n ( 10 n – 1)
Bx2 – 6x + 1 = 0, the values of A and B such that (d) None of these
a, b, g and d are in H. P. are 18. If a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in A.P. consider two statements
(a) A = 3, B = 8 (b) A = – 3, B = 8
(c) A = 3, B = – 8 (d) None of these 1 1 1
(i) , , are in A.P..
1 b+c c+a a +b
13. If the pth term of an A.P. be and qth term be a b c
q , ,
(ii) are in A.P..
b+c c+a a +b
1
, then the sum of its pqth terms will be (a) (i) and (ii) both correct
p (b) (i) and (ii) both incorrect
pq - 1 1 - pq (c) (i) correct (ii) incorrect
(a) (b) (d) (i) incorrect (ii) correct
2 2 19. The value of th e in finite product
pq + 1 pq + 1 1 1 3 1
(c) (d) -
2 2 62 ´ 62 ´6 8 ´ 64
´ ... is
14. Sum of n terms of series 12 + 16 + 24 + 40 + ... will be (a) 6 (b) 36 (c) 216 (d) ¥
(a) 2 (2n – 1) + 8n (b) 2(2n – 1) + 6n 20. a, b, c are in G.P. with 1 < a < b < n, and n > 1 is an
n integer. loga n, logb n, logc n form a sequence.
(c) 3 (2 – 1) + 8n (d) 4(2n – 1) + 8n
th This sequence is which one of the following ?
15. If m terms of the series 63 + 65 + 67 + 69 + ........... and
(a) Harmonic progression
3 + 10 +17 + 24 +.......... be equal , then m =
(b) Arithmetic progression
(a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 15
(c) Geometric progression
2 2
æ 1ö æ 1 ö (d) None of these
16. çx+ ÷ + çç x 2 + 2 ÷÷ + 21. If S, P and R are the sum, product and sum of the
è xø è x ø reciprocals of n terms of an increasing G.P
2 respectively and Sn = Rn.Pk, then k is equal to
æ 3 1 ö
çç x + ÷÷ ....upto n terms is (a) 1 (b) 2
è x3 ø (c) 3 (d) None of these
+2 22. If a, b and c are in H. P. then the value of
x 2n – 1 x 2n +1
(a) × + 2n æ 1 1 1 ö æ 1 1 1ö
x 2 –1 x 2n çè + - ÷ø çè + - ÷ø is :
b c a c a b
x 2n + 1 x 2n + 2 – 1
(b) × – 2n 2 1 3 2
2
x +1 x 2n (a) + 2 (b) 2
+
bc b c ca
2n 2n
x –1 x –1 3 2
(c) 2
× 2n
– 2n (c) - (d) None of these
x –1 x b 2 ab
(d) None of these 23. A G.P. consists of an even number of terms. If the
17. Let Sn (1 £ n £ 9) denotes the sum of n terms sum of all the terms is 5 times the sum of terms
occupying odd places, then the common ratio is
of series 1 + 22 + 333 + .................+ 9999999999,
(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 3
then for 2 £ n £ 9 24. The sum to n terms of the series
1 2 + 5 +14 + 41 + ........ is
(a) Sn - Sn -1 = (10 n - n 2 + n )
9 (a) 3n -1 + 8n - 3 (b) 8.3n + 4n - 8
1 8
(b) Sn = ( 10 n – n 2 + 2n – 2) (c) 3n +1 + n + 1 (d) None of these
9 3
Sequences and Series 117
25. If the coefficients of rth, (r + 1)th, and (r + 2)th 1
terms in the the binomial expansion of (1 + y )m (a) a (a –1) 2
2
are in A.P., then m and r satisfy the equation
1
(a) m 2 – m (4r – 1) + 4 r 2 – 2 = 0 (b) a(a – 1)(4a – 1)
2
2
(b) m 2 – m (4r + 1) + 4 r + 2 = 0 1
2 2
(c) (a – 1)(2a – 1)(4a – 1)
(c) m – m (4r + 1) + 4 r – 2 = 0 2
2 2
(d) None of these
(d) m – m (4r – 1) + 4 r + 2 = 0 33. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P.
26. If a, b, c are in A. P., then
(a + 2b – c) (2b + c – a) (c + a – b) equals Snx
whose first term is a and is independent of
1 Sx
(a) abc(b) abc (c) 2 abc (d) 4 abc x, then Sp =
2
27. If Sn = (a) P 3 (b) P2 a (c) Pa 2 (d) a 3
n
34. The value of x in (0, p) which satisfy the equation
(1 + 3-1 )(1 + 3-2 )(1 + 3-4 )(1 + 3-8 )...(1 + 3-2 ), 2
x +|cos 3 x|+.......... to ¥
81+|cos x |+ cos = 43 is
then S¥ is equal to
ì p 3p ü ì p 3p ü
1 3 (a) í , ý (b) í , ý
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) None î2 4 þ î4 4 þ
2 2
28. If, 8, –4 and 13 be three (not necessarily ì p 2p ü ì p 5p ü
consecutive term) of an A.P., how many such (c) í , ý (d) í , ý
î 3 3 þ î6 6 þ
A.P. s are possible ?
(a) 1 35. If a1,a2.....,an are positive real numbers whose
(b) 2 product is a fixed number c, then the minimum
(c) infinitely many value of
(d) no such A.P. is possible a1 + a2 + .......+ an–1 + 2an is
29. What is the sum of the series (a) n(2c)1/n (b) (n + 1)c1/n
(c) 2nc1/n (d) (n + 1)(2c)1/n
1 1.3 1.3.5
1+ + + + ....¥ ? 1 1 1
8 8.16 8.16.24 36. If , , are in A.P. then
2 3 1 b+ c c+ a a+ b
(a) (b) 2 3 (c) (d)
3 2 2 3 9 ax +1 ,9 bx +1 ,9cx +1 , x ¹ 0 are in :
30. The value of 0.037 where 0.037 stands for the (a) G.P. (b) G.P. only if x < 0
number .0373737.........., is : (c) G.P. only if x > 0 (d) none of these
(a) 37/ 1000 (b) 37/990 37. If log10 2, log10 (2x – 1) and log10(2x + 3) are three
(c) 1/37 (d) 1/27 consecutive terms of an A.P, then the value of x is
31. If a, b, and c are in A.P., and p and p' are, (a) 1 (b) log5 2
respectively, A.M. and G.M. between a and b (c) log2 5 (d) log10 5
while q, q' are, respectively, the A,M. and G. M. 38. What is the 15th term of the series 3, 7, 13, 21, 31,
between b and c, then 43, ....?
(a) p2 + q2 = p'2 + q'2 (b) pq = p'q'
(c) p2 – q2 = p'2 – q'2 (d) None of these (a) 205 (b) 225 (c) 238 (d) 241
32. ABCD is a square of lengths a, a Î N, a > 1. 39. If a, b, c are in G.P., then
Let L1, L2, L3, ... be points BC such that BL1 = (a) a2, b2, c2 are in G.P.
L1L2 = L2L3 = ¼ = 1 and M1, M2, M3, ¼ be points
on CD such that CM1= M1M2 = M2M3 = ... = 1. (b) a 2 (b + c), c 2 (a + b), b2 (a + c) are in G.P..
a –1 a b c
Then, å ( AL2n + Ln M n2 ) is equal to (c) , ,
b+c c + a a +b
are in G.P..
n =1
(d) None of these
 EBD_7588
118 Mathematics Objective MCQs

¥ ¥ ¥ 5é 2æ 1 öù
40. If x = å an , y = å bn , z = å cn where a, b, (a) ên - ç1 - n ÷ ú
9ë 9 è 10 ø û
n=0 n=0 n=0
c are in A.P and |a | < 1, | b | < 1, | c | < 1 then x, y, z 1é 2æ 1 öù
are in (b) ê5 - ç1 - n ÷ ú
9 ë 9 è 10 ø û
(a) G. P. (b) A.P.
(c) H.P. (d) None of these 1é 5æ 1 öù
41. The sum of the series (c) ên - ç1 - n ÷ ú
9ë 9 è 10 ø û
2 8 26 80
+ + + + ....n terms is: 5é 1æ 1 öù
3 9 27 81 (d) ên - ç1 - n ÷ú
9ë 9 è 10 øû
1 n 1 n 47. If (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + p) + (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + q)
(a) n- (3 - 1) (b) n+ (3 - 1)
2 2 = (1 + 3 + 5 +...+ r)
where each set of parentheses contains the sum
1 1 -n of consecutive odd integers as shown, what is
(c) n- (1 - 3- n ) (d) n+ (3 - 1) the smallest possible value of (p + q + r)
2 2
where p > 6?
10 10 (a) 12 (b) 21 (c) 45 (d) 54
42. The value of å å (m 2 + n2 ) equals 48. Three numbers are in G.P. such that their sum is
n =1 m =1 38 and their product is 1728. The greatest number
(a) 4235 (b) 5050 among them is :
(c) 7700 (d) None of these (a) 18 (b) 16
43. Concentric circles of radii 1, 2, 3, ...100 cm are (c) 14 (d) None of these
drawn. The interior of the smallest circle is x4 + y 4 + z 2
coloured red and the angular regions are 49. The minimum value of for positive
xyz
coloured alternately green and red, so that no
two adjacent regions are of the same colour. The real number x, y, z is
total area of the green regions on sq cm is equal to (a) 2 (b) 2 2 (c) 4 2 (d) 8 2
(a) 1000 p (b) 5050 p 1 1 1 1
(c) 4950 p (d) 5151 p 50. + + + ¼+ equals
44. If a1, a2, a3, ...... are in A.P. and 1.2 2.3 3.4 n(n + 1)
1 n
a 12 - a 22 + a 32 - a 24 + .........+ a 22k -1 - a 22 k (a) (b)
n(n + 1) n +1
= M (a12 - a 22 k ) . Then M =
2n 2
k -1 (c) (d)
k n +1 n(n + 1)
(a) (b)
k +1 2k - 1 51. For – p < x < p, the values of x which satisfy the
1+ cos x + cos2 x + cos3 x +¼upto¥
k +1 relation 11 = 121 are
(c) (d) none
2k + 1 given by
45. The maximum sum of the series p , 2p
(a) ± p , ± 2p (b)
3 4
1 2 3 3
20 + 19 + 18 + 18 + .... is
3 3 p , 3p
(c) (d) None of these
4 4
2 1 52. If the roots of the equation x3 – 12x2 + 39x – 28 = 0
(a) 300 (b) 310 (c) (d) 333
311
3 3 are in A.P., then their common difference will be :
46. What is the sum of the series 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 + (a) + 1 (b) + 2 (c) + 3 (d) + 4
... to n terms?
Sequences and Series 119
53. There are four numbers of which the first three 59. If the sum to infinity of the series,1 + 4x + 7x2 +
are in G.P. and the last three are in A.P., whose 10x3 +........, is 35/16, where | x | < 1, then x equals to
common difference is 6. If the first and the last (a) 19/7 (b) 1/5
numbers are equal then two other numbers are (c) 1/4 (d) None of these
(a) –2, 4 (b) –4, 2 (c) 2, 6 (d) none 60. The sum of the series 3.6 + 4.7 + 5.8 + ......upto
1 (n – 2) terms
54. It is given that n , 1, 2n sin a are in A.P. for (a) n3 + n2 + n + 2
2 sin a
1
some value of a. Let say for n = 1, the a satisfying (b) (2n3 + 12n 2 + 10n – 84)
the above A.P. is a1, for n = 2, the value is a2 and 6
(c) n3 + n2 + n
¥
(d) None of these
so on. If S = å sin ai , then the value of S is 61. If the nth term of an arithmetic progression is
i =1
3n + 7, then what is the sum of its first 50 terms?
(a) 3925 (b) 4100 (c) 4175 (d) 8200
1 62. A series is such that its every even term is 'a'
(a) 1 (b) times the term before it and every odd term is c
2
(c) 2 (d) None of these times the term before it. The sum of 2n term of the
series is (the first term is unity)
55. The sum of an infinite GP is x and the common (1 - c n )(1 - a n ) (1 + a ) (1 - c n a n )
(a) (b)
ratio r is such that r < 1 . If the first term of the 1 - ac 1 - ac
GP is 2, then which one of the following is correct ?
(1 + c n ) (1 + a n ) (1 + a ) (1 + c n a n )
(a) –1 < x < 1 (b) – ¥ < x < 1 (c) (d)
(c) 1 < x < ¥ (d) None of these 1 - ac 1 + ac
56. Let a, b, c be in AP. 63. Let a = 111 ¼ 1 (55 digits),
Consider the following statements: b = 1 + 10 + 102 + ¼ + 104,
1 1 1 c = 1 + 105 + 1010 + 1015 + ¼ + 1050, then
1. , and are in AP.. (a) a = b + c (b) a = bc
ab ca bc (c) b = ac (d) c = ab
1 1 1 64. The value of x + y + z is 15 if a, x, y, z, b are in A.P.
2. , and are in AP..
b+ c c+ a a+ b 1 1 1 5
Which of the statements given above is/are while the value of + + is if a, x, y, z, b
x y z 3
correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only are in H.P. Then the value of a and b are
(a) 2 and 8 (b) 1 and 9
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 3 and 7 (d) None
57. If x = 1 + a + a2 + ....................to infinity and 65. If the positive integers a, b, c, d are in AP, then
y = 1 + b + b2 + ...................to infinity, where a, b the numbers abc, abd, acd, bcd are in
are proper fractions, then 1 + ab + a2b2 + .....to
(a) HP (b) AP
infinity is equal :
(c) GP (d) None of the above
xy xy 66. Which one of the following options is correct?
(a) (b)
x + y -1 x - y -1 (a) sin 2 30°, sin 2 45°, sin 2 60° are in GP
(c) xy (d) xy (b) cos2 30°, cos2 45°, cos2 60° are in GP
x - y +1 x + y +1 (c) cot2 30°, cot2 45°, cot2 60° are in GP
58. If a + b + c = 3 and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, then the
(d) tan 2 30°, tan2 45°, tan2 60° are in GP
greatest value of a2 b3 c2 is
310.2 4 39.2 4 67. a, b, c are three distinct real numbers and they
(a) (b) are in a G.P. if a + b + c = xb, then
77 77
38.2 4
(c) (d) None of these (a) x £ –1 or x ³ 3 (b) x < –1 or x > 3
77 (c) x £ – 1 or x > 3 (d) x < – 3 or x > 2
 EBD_7588
120 Mathematics Objective MCQs
75. What is the product of first 2n + 1 terms of a
68. If a, b, c are the sides of a triangle, then the geometric progression ?
minimum value of (a) The (n + 1)th power of the nth term of
a b c the GP
+ + is equal to (b) The (2n + 1)th power of the nth term of
b+c – a c+a –b a+b–c
the GP
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12 (c) The (2n + 1)th power of the (n + 1)th term
69. The 20th terms of the series 2 + 3 + 5 + 9 + 16 of the GP
+.......is (d) The nth power of the (n + 1)th terms of
(a) 950 (b) 975 (c) 990 (d) 1010 the GP
70. The 100th term of the sequence 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 76. If log10 2, log10 (2x – 1), log10 (2x + 3) are three
4, 4,... is consecutive terms of an AP, then which one of
(a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15 the following is correct?
71. An A.P. whose first term is unity and in which (a) x = 0 (b) x = 1
the sum of first half of any even number of terms (c) x = log2 5 (d) x = log5 2
to that of second half of the same number of 77. Let S be the sum, P be the product and R be the
terms is a constant ratio, then the common sum of the reciprocals of 3 terms of a G.P. Then
P2R3 : S3 is equal to
difference is :
(a) 1 : 1
(b) common ratio : 1
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) (first term)2 : (common ratio)2
(c) 3 (d) None of these (d) (common ratio)n : 1
72. The perimeter of a triangle whose sides are in 78. If tn denotes the nth term of a G.P. whose common
A.P. is 21 cm and the product of lengths of the ratio is r, then the progression whose nth term is
shortest side and the longest side exceeds the 1
length of the other side by 6 cm. The longest is
t 2n + t 2n +1
side of the triangle is
(a) 1 cm (b) 7 cm (c) 13 cm (d) none (a) A.P. (b) G.P.
(c) H.P. (d) None of these
a n +1 + b n +1
If loge 5, loge (5x – 1) and loge æç 5 x - ö÷ are in
73. The expression is [a ¹ b ¹ 0] is 11
a n + bn 79.
è 5ø
(where a and b are unequal non-zero numbers) A.P then the values of x are
(a) A.M. between a and b if n = –1 (a) log5 4 and log5 3 (b) log3 4 and log4 3
1 (c) log3 4 and log3 5 (d) log5 6 and log5 7
(b) G.M. between a and b if n = - 80. 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16 + ........ to n terms =
2
(c) H.M. between a and b if n = 0 1 2 n 2
(a) (n + 3n + 8) (b) (n + 3n + 8)
(d) all are correct 6 6
74. The sum of 1 2 n 2
(c) (n - 3n + 8) (d) (n - 3n + 8)
1 2 2 3 3 4 6 6
. . .
2 2+ 2 2 2 2 81. If the angles A < B < C of a triangle are in A. P.,
+ + .......... upto n then
13 13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33
(a) c 2 = a 2 + b 2 – ab
terms is equal to
(b) b 2 = a 2 + c 2 – ac
n –1 n n +1 n +1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2 2
(c) c = a + b 2
n n +1 n+2 n
(d) None of these
Sequences and Series 121
82. Let a, b, c, be in A.P. with a common difference d. 89. If a1, a2, a3, ........., an are in A.P.,
Then e1 / c , e b / ac , e1 / a are in : 1 1 1 1
and + + + ........+
(a) G.P. with common ratio ed a 1a n a 2 a n -1 a 3a n - 2 a n a1
(b) G.P with common ratio e1/d
æ 1 1 1 1 ö
d /( b 2 -d 2 ) = K çç + + + ..........+ ÷ . Then K is
(c) G.P. with common ratio e ÷
è a1 a 2 a 3 an ø
(d) A.P.
83. The least value of n (a natural number), for which 2 n
(a) (b)
1 1 1 a1 + a n a1 + a n
the sum S of the series 1 + + 2 + 3 + ....... 1 n -1
2 2 2 (c) (d)
a1 + a n a1 + a n
differs from Sn by a quantity < 10 – 6 , is
90. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series
(a) 21 (b) 20 (c) 19 (d) None
n æ 3 ö2 æ 2 ö2 æ 1 ö2 2 æ 4 ö2
k –1 çç1 ÷÷ + çç2 ÷÷ + çç3 ÷÷ + 4 + çç4 ÷÷ + .......,
84. å k (1 + 1 / n ) = è 5ø è 5ø è 5ø è 5ø
k =1
16
(a) n(n – 1) (b) n(n + 1) is m, then m is equal to :
5
(c) n2 (d) (n + 1)2
(a) 100 (b) 99 (c) 102 (d) 101
85. The equation (a2 + b2) x2 – 2b (a + c) x + (b2 + c2) = 0
are A. P., then æç + - ö÷
has equal roots. Which one of the following is 1 1 1 1 1 1
91. If , ,
correct about a, b, and c ? a b c èa b cø
(a) They are in AP
(b) They are in GP æ 1 1 1 ö is equal to
ç + - ÷
(c) They are in HP èb c aø
(d) They are neither in AP, nor in GP, nor in
HP 4 3 b 2 – ac
86. What does the series (a) – (b)
ac b2 a 2b 2c2
1
– 1 4 1
1+ 3 2 + 3 + + ... represents? (c) – (d) None of these
3 3 ac b2
(a) AP 92. The roots of the equation
(b) GP
(c) HP ( x - 1) 2 - 4 | x - 1 | +3 = 0
(d) None of the above series (a) form an A.P.
87. In a, G.P. of 3n terms, S1 denotes the sum of first (b) form a G.P.
n terms, S2 the sum of the second block of n (c) form an H.P.
terms and S3 the sum of last n terms. Then S1, S2, (d) do not form any progression
S3, are in 93. x and y are positive number. Let g and a be G. M.
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. and AM of these numbers. Also let G be G. M. of
(c) H.P. (d) None of these x + 1 and y + 1. If G and g are roots of equation
xn x 2 – 5x + 6 = 0, then
88. If x > 0, 2 2n is
1 + x + x + ... + x 3 3
(a) x = 2, y = (b) x = , y = 12
1 2 4 4
(a) £ 2n + 1 (b) <
2n + 1 5 8
(c) x = ,y= (d) x = y = 2
1 2 2 5
(c) ³ (d) >
2n + 1 2n + 1
 EBD_7588
122 Mathematics Objective MCQs
97. The sum of an infinite geometric series is 2 and
2 2 24 26 the sum of the geometric series made from the
94. The sum of the infinite series + + + ...
2! 4! 6! cubes of this infinite sereis is 24. Then the series is
is equal to 3 3 3 3 3 3
(a) 3+ - + - .... (b) 3 + + + + ....
2 4 8 2 4 8
e2 + 1 e4 + 1
(a) (b) 3 3 3
2e 2e 2 (c) 3- + - + ... (d) None of these
2 4 8
(e2 - 1)2 (e2 + 1)2 98. a, b, c are the first three terms of a geometric
(c) (d) series. If the harmonic mean of a and b is 12 and
2e2 2e 2 that of b and c is 36, then the first five terms of
1 the series are
95. If | x |< , what is the value of (a) 9, 18, 27, 36, 45 (b) 8, 24, 72, 216, 648
2 (c) 4, 22, 38, 46 (d) None of these
2 99. The fourth term of an A.P. is three times of the
é x ù é n(n + 1) ù é x ù
1+ n ê ú+ê úê ú + .................¥ ? first term and the seventh term exceeds the twice
ë1 - x û ë 2! û ë1 - x û of the third term by one, then the common
n difference of the progression is
é 1- x ù
(a) ê1 - 2 x ú (b) (1 – x)n 3
ë û (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) (d) –1
2
n n 100. The sum to n terms of the series
é1 - 2 x ù æ 1 ö
(c) ê 1- x ú (d) ç ÷ 1 3 7 15
ë û è 1- x ø + + + + .............. is
2 4 8 16
96. The harmonic mean H of two numbers is 4 and
the arithmetic mean A and geometric mean G (a) n – 1 – 2 – n (b) 1
satisfy the equation 2A + G2 = 27. The two
numbers are (c) n – 1 + 2 –n
(d) 1 + 2 – n
(a) 6, 3 (b) 9, 5 (c) 12, 7 (d) 3, 1

Answer KEYs
1 (b) 11 (b) 21 (b) 31 (c) 41 (d) 51 (a) 61 (c) 71 (a) 81 (b) 91 (a)
2 (a) 12 (a) 22 (c) 32 (b) 42 (c) 52 (c) 62 (b) 72 (c) 82 (c) 92 (a)
3 (c) 13 (c) 23 (c) 33 (b) 43 (b) 53 (b) 63 (b) 73 (b) 83 (a) 93 (d)
4 (a) 14 (d) 24 (d) 34 (c) 44 (b) 54 (a) 64 (b) 74 (b) 84 (c) 94 (c)
5 (d) 15 (c) 25 (c) 35 (a) 45 (b) 55 (c) 65 (a) 75 (c) 85 (b) 95 (a)
6 (c) 16 (a) 26 (d) 36 (a) 46 (d) 56 (c) 66 (d) 76 (c) 86 (d) 96 (a)
7 (d) 17 (c) 27 (c) 37 (c) 47 (b) 57 (a) 67 (b) 77 (a) 87 (b) 97 (c)
8 (d) 18 (a) 28 (c) 38 (d) 48 (a) 58 (a) 68 (a) 78 (b) 88 (a) 98 (b)
9 (b) 19 (c) 29 (a) 39 (a) 49 (b) 59 (b) 69 (c) 79 (a) 89 (a) 99 (a)
10 (c) 20 (a) 30 (b) 40 (c) 50 (b) 60 (b) 70 (c) 80 (b) 90 (d) 100 (c)
Sequences and Series 123

704 704 ar br abr 2

1. (b) An = 704 + + + ¼ to n terms \ xy = ´ = ...(2)
2 4 r -1 r +1 r2 -1
æ æ 1 ön ö Dividing (2) by (1), we get
704 ç1 – ç ÷ ÷
ç è 2ø ÷ æ æ 1önö xy abr 2 r 2 - 1 ab
è ø = ´ =
= = 704 × 2 ç 1– ç ÷ ÷
1–
1 è è 2ø ø z r 2 - 1 cr 2 c
2
AL1 L1M1
1984 1984 3. (c) =
Bn = 1984 – + ¼ to n terms AB BC
2 4 A
1 L1M 1 L1 M1
æ æ –1ö n ö \ n +1 = a L2 M2
1984 ç1– ç ÷ ÷
è è 2ø ø 2 æ æ –1 ö ö
n
a Ln Mn
= = 1984 × ç 1– ç ÷ ÷
æ –1ö 3ç è 2 ø ÷ \ L1M1 = ;
1– ç ÷ è ø n +1 B a C
è 2ø
AL2 L2 M 2
æ æ 1önö =
AB BC
Now, An = Bn Þ 704 × 2 ç 1– ç ÷ ÷
è è 2ø ø 2 L M
\ = 2 2
n +1 a
2 æ æ –1ö ö
n
= 1984 × ´ 1–
ç ç ÷ ÷ 2a
3 è è 2ø ø \ L2M2 = n + 1 , etc.
n
n
æ 1ö æ –1ö a 2a 3a
Þ 33 – 31 = 33 ç ÷ – 31ç ÷ \ The required sum = + + +
è 2ø è 2ø n +1 n +1 n +1
Þ 2n + 1 = 33 – 31 (– 1)n Þ n = 5
na
1 ¼+
2. (a) Since | r | > 1, <1 n +1
r
a a n(n + 1) an
ar a = (1 + 2 + ¼ + n) = × =
\ x= = n +1 n +1 2 2
1 r -1 4. (a) Let S = i – 2 – 3i + 4 + 5i ...100 terms
1-
r Þ S = i + 2i2 + 3i3 + 4i4 + 5i5... + 100i100
b br Þ iS = i2 + 2i3 + 3i4 ... + 99i100 + 100i101
Similarly, y = = and Þ S – iS =i + i2 + i3 + i4 + ... + i100 – 100i101
æ 1 ö r +1
1- ç- ÷ i (1– i100 )
è rø Þ S(1 – i) = – 100i101
1– i
c cr 2 Þ S(1 – i) = –100i
z= = ...(1)
1 r 2 -1 –100i
1-
r2 Þ S= = –50i(1 + i) = – 50(i –1)
1– i
= 50(1 – i)
 EBD_7588
124 Mathematics Objective MCQs
5. (d) 8 + (n – 1) (–2) = 2 (2 + (n – 1) (–1))
1
Þ 10 = 6 which is absurd 1-
6. (c) AM ³ HM \ 2n < 2 - 1
1 1000
a+b+c 3 1-
Þ ³ 2
3 1 1 1
+ + 1 1
a b c Þ 2- < 2-
2 n -1 100
æ1 1 1ö Þ 2n – 1 < 1000
Þ ( a + b + c )ç + + ÷ ³ 9
èa b cø Now, (2)9 = 512 & (2)10 = 1024
1 1 \ n – 1 = 9 Þ n = 10.
7. (d) a= = =2+ 3
1 - ( 3 - 1) 2- 3
11. (b) (1 – p) (1 + 3x +9x2 + 27x3 + 81x4 + 243x5)
and ab = 1 Þ b = 2 - 3 = 1 – p6
so, a and b are roots of x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 1 – p6
8. (d) Let d be the common difference of the A.P. Þ (1 + 3x + 9x2 + 27x3+ 81x4 + 243x5) =
1– p
Then a 2r = a 2r -1 + d .
Þ (1 + 3x + 9x2 + 27x3 + 81x4 + 243x5)
100 100 100 = 1 + p + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5
\ å a 2r = å (a 2 r -1 + d) = å a 2r-1 + 100d Comparing we get p =3x or p/x = 3
r =1 r =1 r =1 1 1 1 1
12. (a) a, b, g and d are in H.P.. Þ , , ,
a -b a b g d
Þ a = b + 100 d Þ d =
100 are in A.P.
æ xö Let d be the common difference of this A.P.
æ yö
ln ç ÷ 2 ln ç ÷ Now, a, g are roots of Ax2 – 4x + 1 = 0
è zø
.y ( ) .z è yø
ln xz
9. (b) x = y 4 ln y
a+ g 4/A 1 1
é ln æ y ö ù é ln æ x ö ù \ = = 4 or + = 4 i.e
ç ÷ é ln(xz) 2 ù ê èç y ø÷ ú ag 1/ A a g
ê
Þ ln ë x è z øú
û + ln ë y û + ln ë z û
1 1
+ + 2d = 4
= ln éë y 4 ln y ùû a a

é æyö ù é æxö ù 1
Þ êln ç ÷ ln x ú + [ 2 ln (xz) ln y ] + êln ç ÷ ln z ú or +d =2 ...(i)
a
ë èzø û ë èyø û
b, d are roots of Bx 2 - 6 x + 1 = 0
= 4 [ ln y ]
2

b+ d 1 1 6/B
\ = + = = 6 or
Þ ln x [ ln y - ln z ] + 2 ln y [ln x + ln z ] bd b d 1/ B
+ ln z [ ln x - ln y ] = 4 [ ln y ]
2
1 1
+ d + + 3d = 6
Þ 3ln x + ln z = 4 ln y a a

l n x + l n x + l n x + ln z 1
Þ = ln y + 2d = 3 ...(ii)
4 a
\ lny is the AM of lnx, lnx, lnx, lnx & lnz. From (i) and (ii), on solving, we get
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10. (c) 1 + + + + ............. + n -1 < 2 - = 1, d = 1. \ = 1, = 2, = 3, = 4
2 4 8 2 1000 a a b g d
LHS of given inequality is in G.P. 1 1
Since, = A \ A = 3. Also, = B, \ B = 8
ag bd
Hence A = 3 and B = 8.
Sequences and Series 125

1 x 2 (x 2n - 1) x 2n - 1
13. (c) Since T p = a + ( p - 1)d = … (i) = + + 2n
q x 2 -1 (x 2 - 1) x 2 n
1
and Tq = a + (q - 1)d = …(ii) x 2n - 1 x 2 n + 2 + 1
p = ´ + 2n
x 2 -1 x 2n
1 1
From (i) and (ii), we get a = and d = 1 2 3
pq pq 17. (c) Sn = (9) + (99) + (999) + ....
9 9 9
Now sum of pq terms = pq éê 2 + ( pq - 1) 1 ùú
2 ë pq pq û =
1
9
[ 1
9
]
10 + 2.10 2 + 3.10 3 + .... - [1 + 2 + 3 + ....]

1 1 n (n + 1)
pq 2 é 1 ù é 2 + pq - 1 ù pq + 1 = S-
= 1 + ( pq - 1) ú = ê 9 9 2
.
2 pq êë 2 ú= 2
û ë 2 û S = 10 + 2. 102 + 3.103 + .....+n 10n
th
14. (d) Let n term of series is Tn then 10 S = 102 + 2.103 + ......+ (n – 1)10n + n.10n+1
Sn = 12 + 16 + 24 + 40 + .... + Tn ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Again Sn = 12 + 16 + 24 + .... + Tn –9s = (10 + 102 + ....+ 10n) – n 10n + 1
On subtraction n 10n +1 - 10
0 = (12 + 4 + 8 + 16 + ... + upto n terms) – Tn S = 10n +1 -
9 81
or Tn = 12 + [4 + 8 + 16 + .... + upto (n – 1) terms]
n n +1 10n +1 -10 1 n(n + 1)
4(2n +1 – 1) \ Sn = 10 - -
= 12 + = 2n –1 + 8 81 9.81 9 2
2 –1
On putting n = 1, 2, 3..... (9n - 1)10 n +1 10 n(n + 1)
\ 9Sn = + -
T1 = 22 + 8, T2 = 23 + 8, T3 = 24 + 8.... etc. 81 81 2
Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + .... +Tn 10n
= (22 + 23 + 24 + ..... upto n terms)+ (8 + 8 + 8 + .... \ 9(Sn - Sn -1 ) =
81
upto n terms)
22 (2n – 1)
{10(9n - 1) - (9n - 10)} - n = n(10n - 1)
= + 8n = 4(2n – 1) + 8n.
2 –1 18. (a) Given a 2 , b 2 . c 2 are in A.P..
15. (c) Given series 63 + 65 + 67 + 69.......... …(i)
Þ a 2 + (ab + bc + ca ), b 2 + (ab + bc + ca )
and 3 + 10 + 17 + 24 + ..... … (ii)
Now from (i), mth term = (2m + 61) c 2 + (ab + bc + ca ) are in A.P..
and mth term of (ii) series = (7m – 4)
Under condition Þ (a + b) (a + c), (b + c) (b + a ), (c + a )(c + b)
Þ 7m - 4 = 2m + 61Þ 5m = 65 Þ m =13 . are in A.P.
16. (a) The series is 1 1 1
Þ , , are in A.P..
2 4 6
(x + x + x + up to n terms) b+c c+a a +b
[Divide by (a + b) (b + c) ( c + a)]
æ 1 1 1 ö Again, a 2 , b 2 . c 2 are in A.P..
+ç + + + up to n terms ÷
2 4 6
èx x x ø
+ 2 + up to n terms) 1 1 1
Þ , , are in A.P..
b+c c+a a +b
1 æ 1 ö
2ç
1 - 2n ÷ a +b+c a +b+c a +b+c
x 2 (x 2n - 1) Þ
+x è x ø + 2n , , are in A.P..
= b+c c+a a+b
x2 -1 1
1-
x2
 EBD_7588
126 Mathematics Objective MCQs

a b c 1 1 1
Þ + 1, + 1, + 1 are in A.P.. 22. (c) Let a, b and c are in H.P. \ , , are in A. P..
b+c c+a a+b a b c
a b c 1 1 1 1
Þ , , are in A.P.. \ - = -
b+c c+a a +b b a c b
19. (c) X=6
( 12 + 12 + 38 + 14 +..........) 1 2 1
Þ = -
éæ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1ö ù c b a
êçè1´ ÷ø + çè 2 ´ ÷ø + çè 3´ ÷ø + çè 4 ´ ÷ø +......ú
= 6ë 2 4 8 16 û
Consider æç + - ö÷ æç + - ö÷
1 1 1 1 1 1
Q It is arithmetic-geometric progression, è b c a ø è c a bø
1 1
\ a= ;d=1& r= æ 1 2 1 1ö æ 2 1ö
2 2 =ç + - - ÷ç - ÷
é 1 1 ù
è b b a aø è b bø
ê 2 1´ ú
+ 2
é a dr ù ê 1 ú
ê1-r + ú = 63 = 216
ê1- (1- 1 ) 2 ú 1 1 2 æ 3 2ö æ 1ö 3 2
ÞX= 6 ë (1-r)2 û
= 6 ê 2
ë 2 ú
û Using + = =ç - ÷ç ÷ = 2 -
a c b è b a ø è b ø b ab
20. (a) If a, b, c are in G.P. then, 23. (c) Let the G.P. be a, ar, ar2, ..........
b2= ac Þ b = (ac)1/2
....(1) a(r 2 n - 1)
Taking logn on both the sides of eq. (1). S = a + ar + ar2 + ..........+ to 2n term =
r -1
1 log a + log c
lognb =
2
[ (logn (ac) ] = n 2 n The series formed by taking term occupying odd
places is S1 = a + ar2 + ar4 + .......... to n terms
log n a + log n c
or, = log n b a é(r 2 )n - 1ù a(r 2n - 1)
2 ë û Þ
S1 = S1 =
So, logn a, logn b and logn c are in AP. r2 -1 r2 -1
1 1 1
Hence, , , are in H.P.. a ( r 2 n - 1) a ( r 2 n - 1)
log n a log n b log n c Now, S = 5S1 or =5
r -1 r2 -1
1 5
loga n = Þ 1= Þ r+1=5\r=4
log n a r +1
1 24. (d) Let, Sn = 2 + 5 +14 + 41 + .......+ xn
logb n =
log n b Sn = 2 + 5 + 14 + ....... + xn -1 + xn
1
logc n =
log n c 0 = 2 + [ 3 + 9 + 27 + ..........to (n - 1) terms ] - xn

i.e. loga n, logb n, and logc n are in HP. 3(3n -1 - 1) 1 1 n

\ xn = 2 + = + .3
n (n -1) 3 -1 2 2
a (1 - r n )
21. (b) S= , P = a n .r 2
1 1
1- r \Sn = å xn = å 1 + å 3n
2 2
1 1 1 1- rn
n 1 3(3n - 1) n 3 n
R= + +
a ar ar 2
+ ......n terms =
a (1 - r ) r n -1 = + .
2 2 3 -1
= + 3 -1
2 4
( )
n
æ Sö
Sn = R n P k Þ ç ÷ = P k
è Rø
Þ (a2 rn–1)n = Pk Þ P2 = Pk Þ k = 2
Sequences and Series 127
m m m 29. (a) As given the series is
25. (c) Given Cr -1 , Cr , Cr +1 are in A.P..
1 1.3 1.3.5
2m Cr = m Cr -1 + m Cr +1 S = 1+ + + + ....¥
8 8.16 8.1.624
m On comparing this series with
Cr -1 m Cr +1 r m-r
Þ 2= + = + n(n - 1) 2
m
Cr m
Cr m - r +1 r +1 S = (1 + x)n = 1 + nx + x + ...¥,
2!
Þ m2 - m(4r + 1) + 4r 2 - 2 = 0 . we get
26. (d) 2b = a + c, so the given expression is 1
nx = ....(1)
(a + a + c - c)(a + c + c - a )(2b - b) = 4abc 8
27. (c) n(n - 1) 2 1.3
and x = ....(2)
-1 -2 -4 -4 -2n 2! 8.16
Sn = (1+ 3 )(1+ 3 )(1+ 3 )(1+3 )...(1+ 3 )
From Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
Þ (1 – 3–1) Sn
n(n - 1) 2 1.3
x
n 2! = 8.16
= (1 - 3-1)(1+ 3-1)(1+ 3-2 )(1 + 3-4 )(1 + 3-8 )...(1+ 3-2 ) 1 1
n 2 x2 .
2 8 8
Þ Sn = (1 - 3-2 )(1 + 3-2 )(1 + 3-4 )(1 + 3-8 )
3 n -1 3
Þ =
-2n 2n 2
....(1 + 3 )
Þ n – 1 = 3n
n
= (1 - 3 - 4 )(1 + 3- 4 )(1 + 3 -8 )...(1 + 3 - 2 ) 1
Þ n=-
n 2
= (1 - 3-8 ) (1 + 3-8 )....(1 + 3-2 ) On putting this value in Eq. (i)
......................................................
æ 1ö 1
Þ çè - ÷ø x =
n n n n +1
2 8
= (1 - 3 - 2 )(1 + 3 -2 ) = 1 - (3 - 2 ) 2 = 1 - 3 - 2
1
Þ x =- .
3 -2n +1 4
Þ Sn = (1 - 3 )
2 -1/ 2
æ 1ö
3 3 But S = (1 + x)n = ç 1 - ÷
\ S¥ = (1 - 0) = è 4ø
2 2
-1/ 2
28. (c) Since an A.P. is either increasing or decreasing, æ 3ö 2
if possible let – 4 be the first term of an A.P., whose =ç ÷ = .
è 4ø 3
mth and nth terms are respectively 8 and 13. Then
8 = – 4 + (m – 1) d and 13 = – 4 + (n –1) d 30. (b) The value of 0.037 stands for the number
12 17 0.0373737 ......... = 0.037 + 0.00037 + ..........
Þ = =d 37 37
m -1 n -1 = + + .......... =
3
m - 1 n -1 10 105
Let = = k , then m = 12 k + 1, and n 37 é
12 17 1 ù
3ê
1+ + ..........ú
= 17 k +1 10 ë 100 û
\ for k = 1, 2, 3, .........we get different pairs of
values of m and n, which shows that infinite 37 é 1 ù 37
= ê ú =
10 êë 100 úû 990
3 1- 1
number of A.P.’s can be obtained
 EBD_7588
128 Mathematics Objective MCQs
31. (c) 2b = a + c; a, p, b, q, c, are in A.P. Hence, P
now, Sp = [2a + (P – 1)d] = P2a
a+b b+c 2
p= and q =
2 2 34. (c) We have
Again , a, p', b, q' and c = are in G.P. Hence, 2
+|cos x|3 +.......... to ¥
81+|cos x |+|cos x| = 43
p' = ab and q' = bc
[Q cos 2 x = | cos 2 x | also | cos n x |= | cos x |n ]
( a – c )( a + c + 2b )
p2 – q2 = 1 3
4 1-|cos x | 3 1-|cos x |
Þ8 = 4 Þ2 = 26
(a - c)(2b + 2b)
=
4
[Q a + c = 2b ] \
3
= 6 Þ 1- | cos x |=
1
1- | cos x | 2
= (a – c)b = ab – bc = p¢2 – q¢2
32. (b) 1 1
\ | cos x |= Þ cos x = ±
2 2
AL12 + L1 M12 = (a 2 + 12 ) + {( a –1)2 + 12 }
p 2p
\x= ,
AL22 + L2 M 22 = (a 2 + 22 ) + {( a – 2)2 + 22 } 3 3
........................................................................... 35. (a) We have
(a1 + a2 + ......+ an-1 + 2an)/n ³ (a1a2.....an-12an)1/n
AL2a –1 + La –1M a2 –1 = a 2 + (a –1)2 + {12 + (a –1)2 }
Þ a1 + a2 + a3 + ..... +an-1 + 2an ³ n(2c)1/n
2 1 1
\ The required sum 36. (a) = +
c+ a b+ c a+ b
2 b+ a+ c
=
( b + c) ( a + b)

Þ 2 ab + 2b + 2 ac + 2 bc
= 2 bc + 2 ac + c + 2 ab + a Þ 2b = a + c
= (a – 1)a2 + {12 + 22 + ¼ + (a – 1)2} \ a , b, c, are in A.P.
+2{12 + 22 + ¼ + (a – 1)2}
Þ ax, bx , cx, are in A.P.
(a –1)a (2 a –1)
= (a – 1)a2 + 3 × Þ ax + 1, bx + 1, cx + 1, are in A.P.
6
ì 2a –1 ü a(a –1) (4 a –1) Þ 9ax +1 , 9 bx +1 , 9cx +1 are in G.P..
= a(a – 1) ía + ý=
î 2 þ 2
[See the properites of A.P & G.P.]
nx
[2a + ( nx –1) d ] 37. (c) log10 2, log10 (2x – 1) and log10 (2x + 3) are
Snx
33. (b) = 2 in A.P.
Sx x Hence, common difference will be same.
[2a + ( x –1) d ]
2 \ log10 (2x – 1) – log10 2
= log(2x + 3) – log10 (2x – 1)
n[(2 a – d ) + nxd ]
= æ 2x – 1 ö æ 2x + 3 ö
( 2a – d ) + xd \ log10 ç ÷ = log 10 ç x ÷
è 2 ø è 2 – 1ø
Snx
For to be independent of x 2a – d =0
Sx 2x – 1 2x + 3
Þ =
\ 2a = d 2 2x – 1
Sequences and Series 129
x 2 x
(2 – 1) = 2(2 + 3) 41. (d) Taking the sequence 3, 9, 27, 81, . . . . .
22x – 2x + 1 + 1= 2x + 1 + 6 Its nth term = 3 (3)n–1 = 3n
22x – 2x + 2 = 5 Also take the sequence 2, 8, 26, 80 . . . . . or (3 – 1),
Let 2x = y, then (9 –1), (27 – 1), (81–1), . . . . .
y2 – 4y – 5 = 0 Its nth term = 3n – 1 Hence, nth term of the
y2 – 5y + y – 5 = 0 sequence
y(y – 5) + 1(y – 5) = 0
y = –1, y = 5 2 8 26 80 3n - 1
Therefore, 2x = 5 + + + + ..... is n
or 1 - 3- n
3 9 27 81 3
x = log2 5.
38. (d) Let Now the sum (Sn) = S (1 - 3- n )
S = 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + .........+ an = n – (3 – 1+ 3 – 2 + . . . . + 3– n)
–S = 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + ...+a + a
– – – – – – – n-1 – n 3-1 {1 - (3-1 )n } 1
0 = 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + ...– an = n– -1
= n - (1 - 3- n )
1- 3 2
Þ an = 3 + [4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + ... (n –1) terms]
( n - 1) 1 -n
= 3+ [8 + {(n - 1) - 1} ´ 2] = n+ (3 - 1).
2 2

(n - 1) 10 10
= 3+ [8 + 2n - 4]
2 42. (c) å å (m 2 + n2 )
n =1 m =1
(n - 1)
= 3+ (2n + 4)
2 10
= 3 + (n – 1) (n + 2) = å [(12 + n2) + (22 + n2) + ¼ + (102 + n2)]
\ 15th term = a15 = 3 + (15 –1) (15 + 2) n =1
= 3 + 14 × 17 = 241 = 10[(1)2 + (2)2 +... + (10)2] + 10 [(1)2
39. (a) Q a, b, c are in G.P. + (2)2 + ...+ (10)2]
b c b 2 c2 20 ×10 ×11× 21
\ = = r Þ 2 = 2 = r2 = = 7700
a b a b 6
43. (b) p [(r22 – r12) + (r42 – r32)
Þ a 2 , b2 , c2 are in G.P..
+ ... + (r2100 – r299)]
¥
1 1
40. (c) x = å an =
1- a
; a = 1-
x
100
n=0
3 G 4
¥ 2 G
1 1
y= å bn = 1 - b ; b = 1-
y
1R
n =0

¥ 1
1
z= å cn = 1 - c ; c = 1-
z
n =0
a, b, c are in A.P. OR 2b = a + c \ r2 – r1 = r4– r3 = ...
= r100 – r99 = 1
æ 1ö 1 1 2 1 1
2 ç1 - ÷ = 1 - + 1 - = + = p [r1 + r2 + r3 + r4 +....+ r100]
è yø x y y x z = p [1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 100]
Þ x, y, z are in H.P.. = 5050 p sq cm
 EBD_7588
130 Mathematics Objective MCQs
44. (b) We have, a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 5 éæ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö ù
= ............a2k – a2k–1 = d =
9 êç
1– ÷ + ç1 – ÷ + ç1 – ÷ + .....ú
10 ø è 100 ø è 1000 ø
Hence, êè ú
a12 - a 22 = (a1 - a 2 )(a 1 + a 2 ) = -d(a1 + a 2 ) ëê to n terms ûú

a 32 - a 24 = (a 3 - a 4 )(a 3 + a 4 ) = -d(a 3 + a 4 ) 5 éæ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö ù
= 1– ÷ + çè1 – 2 ÷ø + çè1 – 3 ÷ø + .....ú
9 êçè 10 ø
.......................... ê 10 10 ú
........................... ê æ 1 öú
ê çè1 – n ÷ø ú
a 22 k -1 - a 22k = (a 2k -1 - a 2 k )(a 2 k -1 + a 2 k ) ë 10 û
= -d (a 2k -1 + a 2k ) 5é æ1 1 1 öù
Adding, we get = 9 ên – çè 10 + 2 + .... n ÷ø ú
ë 10 10 û
a 12 - a 22 + a 32 - a 24 + ..........+ a 22 k -1 - a 22 k
é ìï æ 1 ö n üï ù
= - d(a1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 + ........a 2k -1 + a 2k ) ê í1 – ç ÷ ý ú
2k 5ê 1 ïî è 10 ø ïþ ú
= -d . (a 1 + a 2k ) = -dk (a1 + a 2 k ) = ên – ú
2 9ê 10 æ 1ö ú
çè1 – ÷
ê 10 ø ú
a1 - a 2k êë úû
But a 2k = a1 + (2k - 1)d Þ - d =
2k - 1
5é 1æ 1 öù
\ The required sum =
k
2k - 1
(
a 12 - a 22k ) 9ë
ê n – çè1 – n ÷ø ú
=
9 10 û
47. (b) Since nth term of A.P = a + (n –1)d
k \ p =1 + (n – 1)2
ÞM=
2k - 1 (Q First term = a = 1 and common difference
45. (b) The given series is arithmetic whose first = d = 2)
2 p +1
term = 20, and common difference = - Þ n=
3 2
As the common difference is negative the terms \ (1 + 3 + 5 + ...... + p) + (1 + 3 + 5 + ..... + q)
will become negative after some stage. So the = (1 + 3 + 5 + ..... + r)
sum is maximum when all positive terms are added p +1
Now, for the positive terms é æ p +1 ö ù
2 Þ 2 ê2 ´1+ ç –1÷ 2ú
x n ³ 0 Þ 20 + (n - 1) ´ - ³0 2 ë è 2 ø û
3
æ q + 1ö
Þ 60 - 2(n - 1) ³ 0 Þ n £ 31. çè ÷
2 ø é æ q +1 ö ù
\The first 31 terms are non- negative + ê2 ´ 1 + çè 2 - 1÷ø 2ú
\ Maximum sum 2 ë û
31 é 2ù r +1 é æ r +1 ö ù
= S31 = 2 ´ 20 + (31 - 1) ´ - ú = 310 = 2 ´1+ ç - 1÷ 2 ú
2 êë 3û 4 êë è 2 ø û
46. (d) Given 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 + ..... to n p +1 q +1
= 5 [0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ..... to n terms] Þ
4
[ 2 + (p - 1)] + 4 [ 2 + (q - 1) ]
5
= [0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ..... to n terms] r +1
9 = [2 + r - 1]
4
5 é9 99 999 ù
=
9 êë10 + 100 + 1000 + ..... to n terms úû Þ (p + 1)2 + (q + 1)2 = (r + 1)2
This is the possible only when p = 7, q = 5, r = 9
\ p + q + r = 7 + 5 + 9 = 21
Sequences and Series 131
48. (a) Let the required three numbers of G..P. be 51. (a) Since, 0 < x < p, –1 < cos x < 1 Þ 0 £ |cos x| < 1.
a We can write the given expression as
, a and ar.. 111/(1 – | cos x|) = 121
r
Þ 1 =2
a 1 - cos x
Then, their sum = + a + ar = 38
r
æ 1+ r + r2 ö Þ 1 - cos x = 1
2
Þ aç ÷ = 38 ...(i)
è r ø
Þ cos x = 1
a 2
product = ´ a ´ ar = 1728
r Þ cos x = ± 1
Þ a 3 = (12)3 \ a = 12 ...(ii) 2

x = ± p , ± 2p
Substitute the value of a, in equation (i), we get
Þ
æ 1+ r + r 2 ö 3 3
\ 12 ´ ç ÷ = 38 52. (c) Roots of Given equation x3 – 12x2 + 39x – 28 = 0
ç r ÷ are in A.P.
è ø
Let a – b, a, a + b be the roots of the equation.
Þ 6 + 6r + 6r 2 = 19r Þ 6r 2 - 13r + 6 = 0 Sum of the roots = a – b + a + a + b =
2 3 –(–12)
Þ (3r - 2)(2r - 3) = 0 \ r=
or = 12
3 2 1
Hence, the required numbers are 18, 12, 8 or 8, 3a = 12 Þ a = 4 and (a – b)a + a (a + b) + (a + b)
12, 18 (a – b) = 39
\ Greatest number = 18 Þ a2 – ab + a2 + ab + a2 – b2 = 39
49. (b) By A.M. ³ G.M. Þ 3a2 – b2 = 39 Þ 3 (4)2 – b2 = 39
Þ 48 – b2 = 39 Þ – b2 = 39 – 48 Þ – b2 = – 9
x4 + y4 ³ 2x2y2 and 2x2y2 + z2 ³ 8 xyz. Þb=+3
x4 + y 4 + z 2 53. (b) Let the last three numbers in A.P. be a, a + 6,
Þ ³ 8 a + 12, then the first term is also a + 12.
xyz But a + 12, a, a + 6 are in G.P.
1
+
1
+
1
+ ... +
1 \ a 2 = (a + 12) (a + 6) Þ a 2 = a 2 + 18a + 72
50. (b) Let S =
1.2 2.3 3.4 n (n + 1) \ a = –4.
\ The numbers are 8, –4, 2, 8.
1
Now, nth term of above series = an = n (n + 1) 1
54. (a) 2 = 2n sin a + n
2 sin a
1 1 1
Þ an = = - (by fraction) 2 × 2n sin a = (2n sina)2 + 1
n (n + 1) n n + 1 (2n sin a – 1)2 = 0
1 1 1
Now, S = San = S -S sin a = n
n n +1 2
æ 1 1 1ö æ 1 1 1 1 ö 1
= çè1 + + + ... + ÷ø - çè + + ... + + ÷ for n = 1, sin a1 =
2 3 n 2 3 n n + 1ø 2
æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö 1 1
= 1 + çè - ÷ø + çè - ÷ø + ... + çè - ÷ø - for n = 2, sin a2 =
2 2 3 3 n n n +1 4
1 n + 1 -1 n 1
= 1- = = for n = 3, sin a3 =
n +1 n +1 n +1 8
 EBD_7588
132 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 1 1 = 2 ac + 2 bc + 2 ab + c + a
S= + + + ¼ upto ¥
2 4 8 Þ 2b = a + c
1 1 Þ a, b, c are in A.P. Which is true.
2 Hence, both the statements are correct.
2
= = 1 =1 57. (a) If a, ar, ar2, ar3 ......... are in G.P., then
1
1– a
2 2 sum of infinite G.P.= a + ar + ..... + ¥ =
55. (c) GP = x 1- r
where 'a' is the first term and 'r' is the common
a ratio of G.P.
= x (where, a = lst term and r = common
1- r
ratio) Given x = 1 + a + a 2 + .....¥
This is a GP, with common ratio 'a'.
2
Þ =x ...(i) (Q Given a = 2 and | r | < 1) 1 x -1
1- r Þx= Þ x - ax = 1 Þ a =
Þ –1 < r < 1 Þ 1 > – r > – 1 1- a x
Þ 1+1>1–r>1–1 Again, y = 1 + b + b2 + ......¥ This is also a G.P.,
Þ 0<1–r <2 with common ratio 'b'.
1 1 2 1 y -1
Þ > , >1 Þ y= Þb=
1- r 2 1- r 1- b y
from equation (i) x > 1
Hence, 1 < x < ¥. Now, consider 1 + ab + a 2b 2 + .....¥
1 1 1 which is again a GP with common ratio 'ab'.
56. (c) Let , , are in AP.
ab ca bc 1 1
\ Sum = =
1 1 1 1 1 - ab x -1 y -1
Þ - = - 1- .
ca ab bc ca x y

1æ1 1ö 1æ1 1 ö xy xy
Þ ç - ÷= ç - ÷ = =
aèc bø cèb a ø xy - xy + x + y - 1 x + y - 1
58. (a) Taking A.M. and G.M. of 7 numbers
b - c a -b
Þ = a a b b b c c
abc abc , , , , , , , we get
2 2 3 3 3 2 2
Þ b - c = a - b Þ 2b = a + c
a b c 1
Þ a, b, c are in AP. Which is true
2. + 3. + 2. ìïæ a ö 2 æ b ö3 æ c ö 2 üï 7
1 1 1 2 3 2 ³ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷
Now, , , í ý
are in A.P.. 7 ïîè 2 ø è 3 ø è 2 ø ïþ
b+ c c+ a a+ b

\
2
=
1
+
1 37 a 2 b 3c 2 310.2 4
Þ ³ Þ a2 b3 c2 £
c+ a b+ c a+ b 7 7 2 3
2 .3 .2 2
77
Þ 2 ( )( a + b )
b+ c
\ greatest value of a2 b3 c2 =
310.2 4

= ( c + a )( a + 2 b + c )
77
59. (b) S = 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3 +........
2 ( ab + b + ac + bc )
x.S = x + 4x2 + 7x3 +........
Þ
Subtract
S (1 – x) = 1 + 3x + 3x2 + 3x3 +.......
= ac + 2 bc + c + a +2 ab + ac
æ 1 ö
Þ 2 ab + 2b + 2 ac + 2 bc S (1 – x) = 1 + 3x ç , Q |x|<1
è 1 - x ÷ø
Sequences and Series 133
64. (b) As x, y, z, are A.M. of a and b
1 + 2x 1+ 2x 35
S= Given : = æa +bö
(1 - x) 2 (1 - x) 2 16 \ x + y + z = 3ç ÷
è 2 ø
1 19 3
Þ 16 + 32x = 35 + 35x2 – 70x Þ x = , \ 15 = ( a + b ) Þ a + b = 10 ...(1)
5 7 2
But | x | < 1, \ x = 1/5
60. (b) S = 3.6 + 4.7 + ..... upto n – 2 terms 1 1 1 1 1
Again , , are A.M. of and
= (1. 4 + 2. 5 + 3.6 + 4.7 + ..... upto n terms) – 14 x y z a b
1 1 1 1 3æ1 1 ö
= Sn (n + 3) – 14 = (2n3 + 12n2 + 10n) – 14 \ + + = +
6 x y z 2 çè a b ÷ø
æ 2n3 +12n2 + 10n –84 ö 5 3 a+b
=ç \ = .
è ÷ø , where n = 3, 4, 5..... 3 2 ab
6
61. (c) As given, nth term is : Tn = 3n + 7 10 10
Þ = Þ ab = 9 ...(2)
9 ab
Sum of n term, Sn = å Tn Solving (1) and (2), we get
a = 9, 1, b = 1, 9
= å (3n + 7) =3å n + 7å 1 65. (a) Given, a, b, c, d are in A.P.
1 1 1 1
3n(n + 1) é 3n + 3 + 14 ù Þ , , , are in H.P..
= + 7n = n ê úû a b c d
2 ë 2
1 1 1 1
Þ , , , are also in H.P..
é 3n + 17 ù d c b a
=nê
ë 2 úû Now, multiply each term by abcd.

é 3 ´ 50 + 17 ù abcd abcd abcd abcd

, , ,
Sum of 50 terms = S50 = 50 ê úû d c b a
ë 2
abc, abd, acd, bcd, are in H.P.
é167 ù 66. (d) Three numbers a, b and c will be in G.P. if b2 = ac.
= 50 ê = 25 ´ 167 = 4175 Only option (d) i.e. tan2 30°, tan2 45° and tan2 60°
ë 2 úû are in G.P.
62. (b) Clearly the required series is
1
1 + a + ca + a(ca) + c (aca) + a (caca) + ......... to 2n terms Q tan2 30° =
3
2
= 1 + a + ca 2+ ca
2
+ c 2 a 2 + c 2 a+3......to 2n2 terms
2 3 tan2 45° = 1
= (1 + ca + c a + ....... to n terms) + (a + ca + c a and tan2 60° = 3
+ ..... to n terms) \ tan2 30°, tan2 45° and tan2 60° are in G.P.
67. (b) Let b = ar and c = ar2, so that a, b, c are in G.P.
\ a + b + c = xb
1{1 - (ca ) n } a {1 - (ca ) n } Þ a + ar + ar2 = x. ar Þ r2 + (1 – x) r + 1 = 0
= +
1 - ca 1 - ca ...(1)
If r is real, then discriminant of (1) ³ 0
(1 + a ) (1 - c n a n )
= Þ (1 - x ) 2 - 4. 1.1 ³ 0 Þ x 2 - 2x - 3 ³ 0
1 - ca
63. (b) a = 1 + 10 + 102 + ¼ + 1054 Þ ( x + 1)(x - 3) ³ 0 Þ x £ -1 or x ³ 3.
Now for x = 3 we get r = 1, which will make a = b = c
55 5
1055 –1 10 –1 10 –1 Also for x = –1, we get r = –1, for
= = × = bc which a = c, thus x < –1 or x > 3
10 –1 105 –1 10 –1
 EBD_7588
134 Mathematics Objective MCQs
70. (c) 1st term ® 1, 2nd term = 2, 4th term ® 3,
1 2a
68. (a) Given expression is å 7th term ® 4, 11th term ® 5,...
2 b+c –a Series is 1, 2, 4, 7, 11,...

1 æ 2a ö 3 1 n(n - 1) n 2 - n + 2
=
2
å ç + 1 ÷ – = (a + b + c)
è b+c–a ø 2 2
an = 1 +
2
=
2
If n = 14, then an = 92, If n = 15, then an = 106.
1 3 71. (a) Let Sn denote the sum of n terms of an A.P.
å b+c –a –
2 According to given
Now, as (a + b + c) = å(b + c – a) Sn S1 S2
= k "n ³ 1 Þ =
Applying A.M. ³ H.M. S2 n - Sn S2 - S1 S 4 - S 2
1 3
Minimum value of the expression = × 9 – = 3. Þ S1S4 - S1S2 = S22 - S1S2 Þ S1S4 = S 22
2 2
69. (c) Let S1= 2 + 3 + 5 +9 + 16 +............+ xn 4
Þ a [2a + (4 - 1)d] = (a + a + d) 2
S1 = 2 + 3 + 5 + 9 + ..........x n -1 + x n 2

O = 2 + [1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + ...... Þ a ( 4a + 6d ) = ( 2a + d ) 2
+ to (n - 1) term] - x n Þ 2ad = d 2 Þ 2a = d
\ x n = 2 + [1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + .....to (n - 1) terms] Since a = 1, we get d = 2
Again let 72. (c) Let the sides of the triangle be
S2 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + ........+ tn-1 a - d, a , a + d, then
S2 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7..... + t n - 2 + t n -1 Perimeter = (a + d) + a + (a - d ) = 21
O = 1 + [1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + (n - 2) term] - t n-1 \a = 7
2 Again (a - d)(a + d) = a + 6
(n - 2)(n - 1) n - 3n + 4
t n -1 = 1 + =
2 2 Þ a 2 - d 2 = a + 6 Þ 49 - d 2 = 13
n -1
1 3 \ d = ±6. Hence, the sides of the triangle are 1 cm,
\ S2 = å t n -1 = 2 Sn 2 - 2 Sn + 2S1 7 cm, 13 cm.
n =1
1 ( n - 1) n ( 2n - 1) 3 n ( n - 1) a n +1 + b n +1 a+b
= - + 2( n - 1) 73. (b) Let =
n n 2
2 6 2 2 a +b
é 2n 2 - n 3n ù Þ 2a n +1 + 2 b n +1 = a n +1 + b n +1 + ab n + ba n
= (n - 1) ê - + 2ú
ëê 12 4 úû Þ a n +1 - a n b + b n +1 - ab n = 0

= [
n -1
12
2n 2 - n - 9n + 24 ] Þ (a - b)(a n - b n ) = 0

Þ a n = b n it is possible for unequal numbers a

=
n -1
6
[n 2
- 5n + 12 = ] 3

6
2
n - 6n + 17n - 12 and b if n = 0
a n +1 + b n +1
3 2 Let = ab
n - 6n + 17n - 12 a n + bn
\ x n = 2 + S2 = 2 +
6 1 1 1 1
n+ n+
3
n - 6n + 17n 2 Þ a n +1 + b n +1 = a 2 b2 +a 2 b 2
=
6
So, x20 = 990
Sequences and Series 135

æ n+ 1 Þ a 2 + 1 - 2 a = 2a + 6 where a = 2x.
n + ö÷
1
ç
Þ ça
ç
2 -b 2 ÷
÷
( a- b =0) Þ a2 – 4a – 5 = 0
è ø Þ a = 5 or a = – 1
1 1
2x = 5 Þ log2 = log 5
n+ n+
Þa 2 -b 2 =0, log 5
Þx= Þ x = log 5
log 2 2
1 1
which holds true if n + =0Þ n =-
2 2 a
77. (a) If the three terms of the G.P. be , a and ar
a n +1 + b n +1 2ab r
Let = then
a +b n n a +b
a a
S= + a + ar = (1 + r + r2)
r r
Þ a n + 2 + a n +1b + ab n +1 + b n=+22 a n +1 b + 2ab n +1
r 1 1 1 2
Þ (a - b) (a n +1 - b n +1 ) = 0 P = a3 and R = + + = (r + r + 1)
a a ar ar
Þ a n +1 - b n +1 = 0 Þ n = -1 1
74. (b) The general term is a 6 3 3 (r 2 + r + 1)3
P2R3 a r
Now, = =1
n n +1 S3 a3 2
. (r + r + 1) 3
2 2 1
Tn = = r3
3 3 3
1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n 3 n ( n + 1)
So, the required ratio is 1 : 1.
1 1 78. (b) If a be the first term of G.P. then given
= -
n n +1 1 1
xn = =
2 2( n -1)
1 n t 2n + t 2n +1 a r + a 2 r 2n
\ Sn = 1 - =
n +1 n +1
75. (c) The GP is a, ar, ar2,........ ar2n 1 1 1 r2
= . = .
So, P = a . ar . ar2 . ar3........... ar2n a 2 r 2n r - 2 + 1 a 2 r 2n 1 + r 2
= a2n+1. r1 + 2 +......+ 2n
1 r2
2n(2n +1) \ x n -1 = .
a (2n +1) r 2 a 2 r 2n -2 1 + r 2
= = a2n + 1 rn(2n + 1) = (arn)(2n + 1)
= (2n + 1)th power of the (n + 1)th term of G.P. xn 1
\ = = constant
76. (c) Let log
10
x
(
2 , log10 2 - 1 and ) x n -1 r 2

\ The sequence x n is a G.P..

(
log10 2 x + 3 are in A.P ) 79. (a)
æ 11ö
loge 5 + log e ç 5x - ÷ = 2 log e (5 x - 1)
è 5ø
\ 2log ( 2x - 1)
10
Þ 5x+1 – 11 = 52x + 1 – 2 × 5x Þ 52x – 7.5x + 12
=0
= log10 2 + log10 ( 2 + 3) Let 5x = t, t2 – 7t + 12 = 0 Þ t = 4, 3
x
5x = 4, 5x = 3

Þ log10 ( 2 x - 1) = log10 2 ( 2 x + 3 )
2
log55x = log54 log55x = log53
x = log54 x = log53
Þ 2 2 x + 1 - 2 x + 1 = 2.2 x + 6
 EBD_7588
136 Mathematics Objective MCQs

80. (b) We have S = 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16 + .... + Tn Given S - Sn < 10 -6

Again S = 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16 + .... + Tn-1 + Tn
1
Subtracting , we get \ n -1
< 10- 6 Þ 2 n -1 > 106
2
0 = 2 + {2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + .... + (Tn - Tn -1 )} - Tn 6
\ n - 1 > 6 log 2 10 = n > 20
0.3010
1 1 é 6 ù
Tn = 2 + (n - 1)(4 + {n - 2}1) = ( n 2 + n + 2) êQ .3018 < 20 ú
2 2 ë û
Now \ n = 21
84. (c) Sn = 1 + 2a + 3a 2 + .... + na n -1
1 1
S = STn = S(n 2 + n + 2) = (Sn 2 + Sn + 2S1)
2 2 or Sn = a + 2a 2 + .... + (n - 1)a n -1 + na n
1 ì1 1 ü 1
= í n(n + 1)(2n + 1) + n(n + 1) + 2n ý where, a = 1 +
2 î6 2 þ n
n \ (1 - a )S n = 1 + a + a 2 + .... + a n -1 - na n
= {(n + 1)(2 n + 1 + 3) + 12}
12
a n -1
n n (1 - a )Sn = - na n
= {( n + 1)( n + 2) + 6} = ( n 2 + 3n + 8) a -1
6 6
n
81. (b) A + C = 2B and A + B + C = 180° so, B = 60° æ 1ö
ç1 + ÷ - 1 n
a 2 + c2 - b2 1
Þ - Sn = è n ø æ 1ö
Þ b 2 = a 2 + c 2 - ac - nç1 + ÷ = –n
\ cos 60° = n 1 è nø
2ac
n
82. (c) a, b, c are in A.P. Þ 2b = a + c
Now,
Þ Sn = n 2
2
e1/ c ´ e1 / a = e (a + c) / ac = e 2b / ac = (e b / ac ) 85. (b) The given equation
(a2 + b2) x2– 2b (a + c) x + (b2 + c2) = 0
\ e1/c , e b/ac , e1/a in G.P. with common ratio has equal roots, so, discriminant = 0
Hence, {2b (a + c)2 – 4(a2 + b2) (b2 + c2) = 0
e b / ac
= = e (b -a ) / ac = e d /( b -d )( b + d ) Þ 4b2 (a2 + c2 + 2ca) – 4(a2b2 + a2c2 + b4 + b2c2) = 0
e1 / c Þ b2a2 + b2c2 + 2b2ca – a2b2 – a2c2
d /( b 2
-d 2 ) – b4–b2c2 = 0
=e [Q a, b, c are in A.P. with common Þ 2b ca = b + a c
2 4 2 2
Þ b4 – 2b2ca + a2c2 = 0
difference d \ b – a = c – b = d] Þ (b2 – ac)2 = 0
Þ b2 = ac
1 Þ a, b, c are in GP.
83. (a) S= =2
1
1- 1 1
2 86. (d) Given series is 1 + + 3+ + ....
3 3 3
æ 1 ö
1ç1 - n ÷ a 1 a3 3 a 1/ 3 3
1 Consider 2 = , = , 4 =
Sn = è
2 ø
= 2- a1 3 a 2 1/ 3 a 3 3
1-
1 2 -1
n
2
Sequences and Series 137
89. (a) We know that in an A.P.
1 1- 3
Also find a 2 - a1 = -1 = a1 + a n = a 2 + a n -1 = a 3 + a n - 2 = ........(i )
3 3
[see the properties of A.P.]
1 3 3 -1 1 1 1 1
a3 - a 2 = 3 - = \ + + + ... +
3 3 a 1a n a 2 a n -1 a 3 a n - 2 a n a1
1 1- 9 3 1 é a1 + a n a 1 + a n a1 + a n
a 4 - a3 = -3= = + + +
3 3 3 3 ê
a1 + a n ë a1a n a 2 a n - 2 a 3a n - 2
a 2 a3 a 4
Thus, ¹ ¹ a1 + a n ù
a1 a 2 a 3 ...... + ú
a n a1 û
and a 2 - a1 ¹ a 3 - a 2 ¹ a 4 - a 3
2 é1 1 1 1 ù
= ê + + + ...... + ú
Hence, given series is neither A.P., G.P. nor H.P. a1 + a n a
ë 1 a 2 a 3 a nû
87. (b) Let the 3n terms of G.P. be 2 2 2 2 2
a, ar, ar2, .......arn–1, arn, arn+1,.....ar2n–1, ar2n, ar2n+1,........, æ 8 ö æ 12 ö æ 16 ö æ 20 ö æ 44 ö
ar3n–1. Then
90. (d) ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷ ... + ç ÷
5 5
è ø è ø è ø è ø 5 5 è 5ø
a (1 - r n ) 16 2 2 2
S1 = a + ar + ar 2 + ...... + ar n -1 = S= (
2 + 3 + 4 + ... + 112 )
1- r 25
ar n (1 - r n ) 16 æ 11(11 + 1)(22 + 1) ö
S2 = ar n + ar n +1 + ...... + ar 2 n -1 = = ç - 1÷
1- r 25 è 6 ø

ar 2 n (1 - r n ) 16 16
S3 = ar 2 n + ar 2 n +1 + ...... + ar 3n -1 = = ´505 = ´101
1- r 25 5

S2 S3 16 16
Clearly = = rn Þ m = ´101 Þ m = 101.
S1 S2 5 5
1 1 1 1
1 1 91. (a) - = -
88. (a) x + ³ 2, ..., xn + n ³ 2 a b b c
x x
on adding æ 1 1 1 öæ 1 1 1 ö
\ ç + - ÷ç + - ÷
æ 1ö æ 2 1 ö æ n 1 ö è a b c øè b c a ø
ç x + ÷ + ç x + 2 ÷ + ... + ç x + n ÷ ³ 2n,
è x ø è x ø è x ø æ 2 1 öæ 2 1 ö 4 1 æ 2 2 ö 1
= ç - ÷ç - ÷ = - ç + ÷ +
æ 1 1 1ö è a b ø è c b ø ac b è a c ø b 2
çè n + n –1 + ... x ÷ø + 1 + (x + x2 + ¼ + xn) ³1 + 2n
x x 4 2æ2ö 1 4 3
= - ç ÷+ = -
ac b è b ø b 2 ac b 2
(1 + x + ... + x n –1 + x n ) + x n +1 + x n + 2 + ... + x 2 n
92. (a) The given eq. can be written as
xn
³ 1 + 2n | x - 1 | 2 -4 | x - 1 | + 3 = 0
xn 1 Þ (| x - 1 | -3) (| x - 1 | - 1) = 0
2 n £ 1 + 2n If | x - 1 | -3 = 0 Þ x - 1 = ±3 Þ x = -2 or 4
1 + x + ... + 2
If | x - 1 | -1 = 0 Þ x - 1 = ±1 Þ x = 0 or 2
The four roots are –2, 0, 2, 4 and are in A.P.
 EBD_7588
138 Mathematics Objective MCQs
93. (d) The roots of equation are 2 and 3 i.e 1 – 2r + r 2 = 3 (1 + r + r 2 )
\ g = xy = 2 Þ xy = 4 or 2r 2 + 5r + 2 = 0

G = ( x + 1)( y + 1) = 3 Þ ( x + 1)( y + 1) = 9 -1
\ r = -2 or As – 1 < r < 1 \ we have
2
\ x=y=2
94. (c) We know that 1
r=-
2
e x + e- x x 2 x 4 x6
=1+ + + + ... 3 3 3
2 2! 4! 6! \ The series is 3 - + - + ...
keeping x = 2, we get 2 4 8
98. (b) Let b =ar, c =ar2
1 é e2 + e -2 ù (e2 - 1)2
Expression = ê ú -1= 2ab 2a.ar 2ar
2 ëê 2 ûú 2e 2 Given that 12 = = =
a + b a + ar 1 + r
2 or ar = 6 (1 + r) ...(1)
x n(n + 1) x
95. (a) Given that 1 + n +
1- x 2! 1 - x 2bc 2 . ar . ar 2 2ar 2
Also, 36 = = =
b + c ar + ar 2 1+ r
-n
x 2
Þ ar = 18 (1 + r) ...(2)
+...¥ is expansion of 1 - .
1- x Dividing (ii) by (i), we have

x
-n ar 2 18(1 + r )
So, it is = 1 - = Þr =3
1- x ar 6(1 + r )

-n n 6´ 4
1- x - x 1- x \ From (i), a × 3 = 6 (1 + 3) Þ a = =8
= = 3
1- x 1 - 2x
\ First five numbers are 8, 24, 72, 216, 648.
96. (a) Let two numbers be a and b. 99. (a) Let the progression be a, a + d, a + 2d,
2ab Then x 4 = 3x1 Þ a + 3d = 3a Þ 3d = 2a ...(i)
Given = 4 Þ ab = 2 ( a + b )
a+b
Again x 7 = 2x 3 + 1
2A + G2 = 27
Þ a + 6d = 2(a + 2d ) + 1 Þ 2d = a + 1 ...(ii)
æa+bö
Þ 2ç ÷ + ab = 27 Solving (i) and (ii) we get
è 2 ø a = 3, d = 2
Þ ab = 18 and a + b = 9 Þ ab = 9
On solving these we get 1 3 7 15
100. (c) + + + + ...
2 4 8 16
a = 3 & b = 6 or a = 6 & b = 3.
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= ç1 - ÷ + ç1 - ÷ + ç1 - ÷ + ç1 - ÷ + ....
97. (c) Let first term = a, common ratio = r, where è 2 ø è 4 ø è 8 ø è 16 ø
–1 < r < 1
1ì 1 ü
a a3 í1 - ý
Then, = 2 and = 24 2 î 2n þ
1- r 1 - r3 =n- = n - 1 + 2-n
1
1-
1- r3 1 2
\ =
3 3
(1 - r )
 Straight Lines & Pair of
10
Striaght Lines
1. Area of the triangle formed by the line x + y = 3 7. If the slope of one of the lines represented by
and the angle bisectors of the pairs of straight ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is the square of the other,
lines x2 – y2 + 2y = 1 is a + b 8h 2
(a) 2 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units then + =
h ab
(c) 6 sq. units (d) 8 sq. units
2. If the angle between the two lines represented (a) 4 (b) 6
by 2x2 + 5xy + 3y2 + 6x + 7y + 4 = 0 is tan–1m, then (c) 8 (d) None of these
m is equal to : 8. The incentre of a triangle with vertices
1 7 (7, 1), (–1, 5) and (3 + 2 3,3 + 4 3) is
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 7
5 5 æ 2 4 ö
3. Locus of mid point of the portion between the (a) ç3+ ,3+ ÷
axes of x cos a + y sina = p whre p is constant is è 3 3ø
4 æ 2 4 ö
(a) x2 + y2 = 2 (b) x2 + y2 = 4p2 (b) ç1 + ,1 + ÷
p è 3 3 3 3ø
1 1 4 (c) (7, 1)
(c) 1 + 1 = 2 (d) 2
+ 2 = 2
(d) None of these
x2 y 2 p2 x y p
9. What is the radius of the circle passing through
4. A straight line cuts off an intercept of 2 units on the point (2, 4) and having centre at the intersection
the positive direction of x-axis and passes of the lines x – y = 4 and 2x + 3y + 7 = 0?
through the point (–3, 5). What is the foot of the (a) 3 units (b) 5 units
perpendicular drawn from the point (3, 3) on
this line? (c) 3 3 units (d) 5 2 units
(a) (1, 3) (b) (2, 0) 10. If 2p is the length of perpendicular from the origin
(c) (0, 2) (d) (1, 1) x y
5. Let 0 < a < p / 2 be a fixed angle. If to the lines + = 1 , then a2, 8p2, b2 are in
a b
P (cos q, sin q) and Q (cos(a - q), sin(a - q)), (a) A.P. (b) G.P.
then Q is obtained from P by the (c) H.P. (d) None of these
(a) clockwise rotation around the origin through 11. If the sum of the distances of a point from two
an angle a perpendicular lines in a plane is 1, then its locus is
(b) anticlockwise rotation around the origin (a) square (b) circle
through an angle a (c) straight line (d) two intersecting lines
(c) reflection in the line through the origin with 12. The line x + 3y – 2 = 0 bisects the angle between
slope tan a a pair of straight lines of which one has equation
(d) reflection in the line through the origin with x – 7y + 5 = 0. The equation of the other line is
slope tan (a/2)
6. The combined equation of the pair of lines
through the point (1, 0) and parallel to the lines (a) 3x + 3y – 1 = 0 (b) x – 3y + 2 = 0
(c) 5x + 5y – 3 = 0 (d) None of these
represented by 2 x2 - xy - y 2 = 0 is 13. The equation
(a) 2 x 2 - xy - y 2 - 4 x - y = 0 8 x 2 + 8 xy + 2 y 2 + 26 x + 13 y + 15 = 0 represents
a pair of straight lines. The distance between
(b) 2 x 2 - xy - y 2 - 4 x + y + 2 = 0 them is
(c) 2 x 2 + xy + y 2 - 2 x + y = 0 (a) 7 / 5 (b) 7 / 2 5
(d) None of these (c) 7 /5 (d) None of these
 EBD_7588
140 Mathematics Objective MCQs
14. A line L intersects the three sides BC, CA and AB
of a DABC at P, Q and R respectively. Then, respectively, and mp12 + np22 = 4a 2 . Then
BP CQ AR (a) m = 1, n = 1 (b) m = 1, n = 4
× × is equal to (c) m = 4, n = 1 (d) m = 1, n = – 1
PC QA RB 21. The area of the figure formed by the lines
(a) 1 (b) 0 ax + by + c = 0, ax–by + c = 0, ax + by – c = 0 and
(c) –1 (d) None of these ax – by – c = 0 is
15. What is the acute angle between the lines
represented by the equations y - 3x - 5 = 0 and c2 2c 2 c2 c2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ab ab 2ab 4ab
3y - x + 6 = 0 ? 22. Two straight lines passing through the point
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 75° A(3, 2) cut the line 2y = x + 3 and x-axis
16. A regular polygon with equal sides has 9 perpendicularly at P and Q respectively. The
diagonals. Two of the vertices are at A(– 1, 0) equation of the line PQ is
and B(1, 0). Possible areas of polygon is (a) 7x + y – 21 = 0 (b) x + 7y + 21 = 0
(c) 2x + y – 8 = 0 (d) x + 2y + 8 = 0
23. Let (h, k) be a fixed point where h > 0, k > 0. A
straight line passing through this point cuts the
3 3 positive direction of the coordinate axes at the
(a) , 2 3 , 6 3 (b) 2 3, 3 3 , 6 3
2 points P and Q. Then the minimum area of the
DOPQ. O being the origin, is
3 3
(c) 9 3 , 6 3 , 2 3 (d) , 3 3, 6 3 (a) 4hk sq. units (b) 2hk sq. units
2 (c) 3hk sq. units (d) None of these
17. A line which makes an acute angle q with the 24. The line L1 : 4x + 3y – 12 = 0 intersects the x- and
positive direction of x-axis is drawn through the y-axis at A and B, respectively. A variable line
point P(3, 4) to meet the line x = 6 at R and y = 8 at perpendicular to L1 intersects the x- and the y-
S, then axis at P and Q, respectively. Then the locus of
(a) PR = 3cos q the circumcentre of triangle ABQ is
(b) PS = –4cosec q (a) 3x – 4y + 2 = 0 (b) 4x + 3y + 7 = 0
2(3 sin q + 4 cos q) (c) 6x – 8y + 7 = 0 (d) None of these
(c) PR – PS = 25. If the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points
sin 2q
A(a + b, b – a) and B(a – b, a + b), then
9 16 (a) ax = by
(d) + =1
(PR )2 (PS)2 (b) bx = ay and P can be (a, b)
18. Locus of centroid of the triangle whose vertices (c) x2 – y2 = 2(ax + by)
(d) None of the above
are (a cos t , a sin t ), (b sin t , - b cos t ) and (1, 0),
where t is a parameter, is æ 1 ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
26. Let A ç a, ÷ , B ç b, ÷ , C ç g, ÷ be the
(a) (3x + 1)2 + (3y)2 = a2 – b2 è aø è bø è gø
(b) (3x – 1)2 + (3y)2 = a2 – b2
vertices of a DABC, where a, b are the roots of
(c) (3x – 1)2 + (3y)2 = a2 + b2
(d) (3x + 1)2 + (3y)2 = a2 + b2 the equation x 2 - 6 p1 x + 2 = 0 , b, g are the roots
19. The range of value of a such that (0, a) lies on or of the equation x 2 - 6 p2 x + 3 = 0 and g, a are
inside the triangle formed by the lines y + 3x + 2 = 0,
3y – 2x – 5 = 0, 4y + x – 14 = 0 is the roots of the equation x 2 - 6 p3 x + 6 = 0 , p1,
1 p2, p3 being positive. Then, the coordinates of
(a) 5 < a £ 7 (b) £ a £1
2 the centroid of DABC is
5 7
(c) £a£ (d) None of these æ 11 ö æ 11 ö
3 2 (a) ç 1, ÷ (b) ç 0, ÷
20. If p1, p2 are the lengths of the normals drawn è 18 ø è 8ø
from the origin on the lines æ 11 ö
x cos q + y sin q = 2a cos 4q and (c) ç 2, 18 ÷ (d) None of these
x sec q + y cosec q = 4a cos 2q è ø
Straight Lines & Pair of Striaght Lines 141
27. The bisector of the acute angle formed between 34. The equation of the straight line which passes
the lines 4 x - 3 y + 7 = 0 and 3x - 4 y + 14 = 0 through the point (–4, 3) such that the portion of
has the equation : the line between the axes is divided internally by
the point in the ratio 5 : 3 is
(a) x + y + 3 = 0 (b) x - y - 3 = 0 (a) 9x – 20y + 96 = 0 (b) 9x + 20y = 24
(c) x - y + 3 = 0 (d) 3x + y - 7 = 0 (c) 20x + 9y + 53 = 0 (d) None of these
28. The equation 35. D is a point on AC of the triangle with vertices A
(2, 3), B (1, –3), C (–4, –7) and BD divides ABC
(x 2 - a 2 ) 2 (x 2 - b 2 ) 2 + c 4 (y 2 - a 2 ) 2 = 0 into two triangles of equal area. The equation of
represents (c ¹ 0) the line drawn through B at right angles to BD is
(a) y – 2x + 5 = 0 (b) 2y – x + 5 = 0
(a) 8 points (b) two circles
(c) y + 2x – 5 = 0 (d) 2y + x – 5 = 0
(c) 4 lines (d) None of these
36. Vertices of a variable triangle are (3, 4),
29. The line x + y = a meets the axes of x and y at A
(5 cosq, 5 sinq) and (5 sinq, –5 cosq), where
and B respectively. A DAMN is inscribed in the
DOAB, O being the origin, with right angle at N. q Î R. Locus of it's orthocentre is
M and N lie respectively on OB and AB. If the (a) (x + y – 1)2 + (x – y – 7)2 = 100
(b) (x + y – 7)2 + (x – y – 1)2 = 100
3 (c) (x + y – 7)2 + (x + y – 1)2 = 100
area of the DAMN is of the area of the DOAB,
8 (d) (x + y – 7)2 + (x – y + 1)2 = 100
AN 37. The length of the perpendicular from the origin
then is equal to to a line is 7 and line makes an angle of 150° with
BN
the positive direction of y-axis, then the equation
1 1 2 of the line is
(a) (b) , 3 (c) , 3 (d) 3
3 3 3 (a) 3 x+y=7 (b) 3 x – y = 14
30. The lines 2x = 3y = –z and 6x = –y = –4z
(a) are perpendicular (c) 3 x + y + 14 = 0 (d) 3 x + y – 14 = 0
(b) are parallel 38. The number of equilateral triangles with
(c) intersect at an angle 45° y = 3( x - 1) + 2 and y = - 3x as two of its
(d) intersect at an angle 60°
sides is
31. Given a family of lines a (2x + y+ 4) + b(x – 2y– 3) = 0,
(a) 0 (b) 1
the number of lines belonging to the family at a
(c) 2 (d) None of these
distance 10 from P(2, –3) is 39. What is the equation of the line through (1, 2) so
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 that the segment of the line intercepted between
32. If the line segment joining the points A (a, b) and the axes is bisected at this point ?
B (c, d) subtends an angle q at the origin, then (a) 2x – y = 4 (b) 2x – y + 4 = 0
cos q = (c) 2x + y = 4 (d) 2x + y + 4 = 0
ac + bd 40. If the straight lines ax + may + 1 = 0,
bx + (m + 1) by + 1 = 0 and cx + (m + 2)cy + 1 = 0
(a)
(a 2 + b 2 )(c 2 + d 2 ) are concurrent, then a, b, c form (m ¹ 0)
ab + cd (a) An A.P. only for m = 1
(b) An A.P. for all m
(b)
(a + b 2 )(c 2 + d 2 )
2 (c) A G.P. for all m
(d) A H.P. for all m
ad + bc 41. The diagonals of the parallelogram whose sides are
(c) lx + my + n = 0, lx + my + n’ = 0, mx + ly + n = 0 and
(a 2 + b 2 )(c 2 + d 2 ) mx + ly + n’ = 0 include an angle
(d) None of these
p p
33. The straight lines x + 2y – 9 = 0, 3x + 5y – 5 = 0 and (a) (b)
ax + by = 1 are concurrent if the straight line 3 2
35x – 22y + 1 = 0 passes through : æ l2 – m2 ö æ 2lm ö
(a) (a, b) (b) (b, a) (c) (a, – b)(d) (– a, b) (c) tan –1 ç ÷ (d) tan –1 çç ÷÷
ç l2 + m2 ÷ è l2 + m2 ø
è ø
 EBD_7588
142 Mathematics Objective MCQs
42. A light ray emerging from the point source placed (a) 2Tx + a2y + 2aT = 0
at P(2, 3) is reflected at a point Q on the y-axis. It (b) 2Tx – a2y + 2aT = 0
then passes through the point R(5, 10). The (c) 2Tx – a2y – 2aT = 0
coordinates of Q are (d) None of these
(a) (0, 3) (b) (0, 2) 51. What is the equation of the line which passes
(c) (0, 5) (d) None of these through (4, –5) and is perpendicular to
43. Through the point P(a, b), where ab > 0, the 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 ?
x y (a) 4x – 3y – 31 = 0 (b) 3x – 4y – 41 = 0
straight line + = 1 is drawn so as to form
a b (c) 4x + 3y – 1 = 0 (d) 3x + 4y + 8 = 0
with axes a triangle of area S. If ab > 0, then least 52. Suppose A, B are two points on 2x – y + 3 = 0 and
value of S is P(1, 2) is such that PA = PB. Then the mid-point
(a) ab (b) 2ab of AB is
(c) 3ab (d) None of these
44. P is a point on the line y + 2x = 1, and Q and R are æ 1 13 ö æ -7 9 ö
(a) ç - , ÷ (b) ç , ÷
two points on the line 3y + 6x = 6 such that triangle è 5 5 ø è 5 5ø
PQR is an equilateral triangle. The length of the
side of the triangle is æ 7 -9 ö æ -7 -9 ö
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷
(a) 2 / 15 (b) 3 / 5 è5 5 ø è 5 5 ø
53. P(m, n) (where m, n are natural numbers) is any
(c) 4 / 5 (d) None of these point in the interor of the quadrilateral formed by
45. What is the angle between the lines x + y = 1 and the pair of lines xy = 0 and the two lines 2x + y – 2 = 0
x–y=1? and 4x + 5y = 20. The possible number of positions
p p p p of the point P is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2 (a) six (b) five (c) four (d) eleven
46. A straight line L with negative slope passes 54. A variable line 'L' is drawn through O(0, 0) to meet
through the point (8, 2) and cuts the positive the lines L1 : y – x – 10 = 0 and L2 : y – x – 20 = 0
coordinate axes at points P and Q. as L varies the at the points A and B respectively. A point P is
absolute minimum value of OP + OQ is (O is taken on 'L' such that
origin)
(a) 28 (b) 15 (c) 18 (d) 10 2 1 1
= + . Locus of 'P' is
47. Consider the points A(0, 1) and B(2, 0), and P be OP OA OB
a point ont he line 4x + 3y + 9 = 0. The coordinates (a) 3x + 3y = 40 (b) 3x + 3y + 40 = 0
of P such that |PA – PB| is maximum are (c) 3x – 3y = 40 (d) 3y – 3x = 40
(a) (–12/5, 17/5) (b) (–84/5, 13/5) 55. The middle point of the segment of the straight line
(c) (–6/5, 17/5) (d) (0, –3) joining the points (p, q) and (q, – p) is (r/2, s/2).
48. The point A(2, 1) is translated parallel to the line What is the length of the segment?
x – y = 3 by a distance of 4 units. If the new (a) [(s2 + r2)1/2]/2 (b) [(s2 + r2)1/2]/4
position A' is in the third quadrant, then the 2
(c) (s + r ) 2 1/2 (d) s + r
coordinates of A' are 56. If the sum of the squares of the distances of the
(a) (2 + 2 2, 1 + 2 2) point (x, y) from the points (a, 0) and (– a, 0) is
2b2, then which one of the following is correct ?
(b) (-2 + 2, - 1 - 2 2) (a) x2 + a2 = b2 + y2 (b) x2 + a2 = 2b2 – y2
(c) (2 - 2 2, 1 - 2 2) (c) x2 – a2 = b2 + y2 (d) x2 + a2 = b2 – y2
(d) None of these 57. A rectangle ABCD, where A(0, 0), B (4, 0),
49. A ray of light passing through a point (1, 2) is C (4, 2), D(0, 2), undergoes the following
reflected on the x-axis at point Q and passes transformations successively:
through the point (5, 8). Then the abscissa of the
i. f1 ( x, y ) ® ( y , x )
point Q is
(a) –3 (b) 9/5 ii. f 2 ( x, y ) ® ( x + 3 y, y )
(c) 13/5 (d) None of these iii. f 3 ( x, y ) ® (( x - y) / 2, ( x + y) / 2)
50. The equation of straight line passing through The final figure will be
(–a, 0) and making a triangle with the axes of area (a) a square (b) a rhombus
T is (c) a rectangle (d) a parallelogram
Straight Lines & Pair of Striaght Lines 143
58. A straight line through the origin O meets the 65. If three points (h, 0), (a, b) and (0, k) lies on a line,
parallel lines 4x + 2y = 9 and 2x + y + 6 = 0 at a b
points P and Q, respectively. Then the point O then the value of + is
h k
divides the segment PQ in the ratio (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 3 66. From the point (4, 3) a perpendicular is dropped
59. For a > b > c > 0, the distance between (1, 1) and on the x-axis as well as on the y-axis. If the lengths
the point of intersection of the lines ax + by + c = 0 of perpendiculars are p, q respectively, then which
and bx + ay + c = 0 is less than 2 2 . Then one of the following is correct?
(a) a + b – c > 0 (b) a – b + c < 0 (a) p = q (b) 3p = 4q
(c) a – b + c > 0 (d) a + b – c < 0 (c) 4p = 3q (d) p + q = 5
60. If (– 4, 5) is one vertex and 7x – y + 8 = 0 is one 67. The area of the region bounded by the locus of a
diagonal of a square, then the equation of second point P satisfying d (P, A) = 4, where A is (1, 2) is
diagonal is
(a) x + 3y = 21 (b) 2x – 3y = 7
(c) x + 7y = 31 (d) 2x + 3y = 21 (a) 64 sq. unit (b) 54 sq. unit
61. Two points P(a, 0) and Q(–a, 0) are given. R is a (c) 16p sq. unit (d) None of these
variable point on one side of the line PQ such that 68. The point (t2 + 2t + 5, 2t2 + t – 2) lies on the
ÐRPQ - ÐRQP is 2a. Then, the locus of R is line x + y = 2 for
(a) All real values of t
(a) x2 – y2 +2xy cot 2a – a2 = 0 (b) Some real values of t
(b) x2 + y2 +2xy cot 2a – a2 = 0
(c) x2 + y2 +2xy cot 2a + a2 = 0 -3 ± 3
(c) t =
(d) None of the above 6
62. The circumradius of the triangle formed by the (d) None of these
three lines y + 3x – 5 = 0; y = x and 3y – x + 10 = 0 is 69. Let P = (–1, 0), Q = (0, 0) and R = (3, 3 3 ) be three
25 25 25 25 point. The equation of the bisector of the angle
(a) (b) (c) (d) PQR is
4 2 3 2 2 2 2
3
63. The intercept cut off by a line from y-axis twice (a) x+ y =0 (b) x + 3y = 0
than that from x-axis, and the line passes through 2
the point (1, 2). The equation of the line is 3
(c) 3x + y = 0 (d) x+y=0
(a) 2x + y = 4 (b) 2x + y + 4 = 0 2
(c) 2x – y = 4 (d) 2x – y + 4 = 0 70. If the lines y = (2 + 3) x + 4 and y = kx + 6 are
64. Points P(p, 0), Q(q, 0), R(0, p), S(0, q) form inclined at an angle 60° to each other, then the
(a) parallelogram (b) rhombus value of k will be
(c) cyclic quadrilateral(d) None of these (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) –2

Answer KEYs
1 (a) 8 (a) 15 (a) 22 (a) 29 (d) 36 (d) 43 (b) 50 (b) 57 (d) 64 (c)
2 (a) 9 (d) 16 (a) 23 (b) 30 (a) 37 (d) 44 (a) 51 (a) 58 (b) 65 (b)
3 (d) 10 (c) 17 (d) 24 (c) 31 (b) 38 (d) 45 (d) 52 (a) 59 (a) 66 (c)
4 (d) 11 (a) 18 (c) 25 (b) 32 (a) 39 (c) 46 (c) 53 (a) 60 (c) 67 (a)
5 (d) 12 (c) 19 (c) 26 (c) 33 (a) 40 (d) 47 (b) 54 (d) 61 (a) 68 (d)
6 (b) 13 (b) 20 (b) 27 (c) 34 (a) 41 (b) 48 (c) 55 (c) 62 (a) 69 (c)
7 (b) 14 (c) 21 (b) 28 (a) 35 (a) 42 (c) 49 (b) 56 (d) 63 (a) 70 (c)
 EBD_7588
144 Mathematics Objective MCQs

3. (d) Equation of AB is
1. (a) x 2 - y 2 + 2 y = 1 or x = ±(y – 1) x cos a + y sin a = p;
x cos a y sin a
Y Þ + = 1;
p p

Y
(1, 0)
X B
O
M (x1, y1)

O X
y=x+1 x+y=1 A

x y
The bisectors of the above lines are x = 0 and y = 1. Þ + = 1
p / cos a p / sin a
Y So co-ordinates of A and B are
(0, 3)
æ p ö æ p ö
, 0÷ and ç 0, ;
x+y=3 çè
cos a ø è sin a ÷ø
(2, 1) So co-ordinates of midpoint of AB are
1
æ p p ö
ç , ÷ = ( x1 , y1 )(say) ;
O (3, 0) X è 2 cos a 2sin aø
p p
x1 = & y1 = ;
So, the area between x = 0, y = 1, and x + y = 3 is 2cos a 2sin a
the shaded region shown in the figure. The area Þ cos a = p/2x1 and sin a = p/2y1 ;
is given by (1/2) × 2 × 2 = 2 sq. units. Consider cos2 a + sin2 a = 1
2. (a) We have, 2x2 + 5xy + 3y2 + 6x + 7y + 4 = 0 p2 æ 1 1 ö
Þ ç 2 + 2 ÷ =1
Comparing this eq. with 4 çè x1 y1 ÷ø
ax2 + by2 + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get
5 1 1 4
a = 2, b = 3, h = \ Locus of (x1, y1) is + = .
2 2
2 x y p2
25 4. (d) The given line passes through (–3, 5) and
2 h2 – ab 2 4 – 2 ´ 3
\ tan q = = (2, 0). Its equation is
a+b 2+3
y
1 1
2 2´
=
4 = 2 = 1 tan q = 1 Þ m = 1
x x
5 5 5 5 5 (2, 0)

y (–3, 5)
Straight Lines & Pair of Striaght Lines 145

æy -y ö 6. (b) We have the equation 2 x 2 - xy - y 2 = 0

y - y1 = ç 2 1 ÷ ( x - x1 ) Þ (2x + y) (x – y) = 0
è x2 - x1 ø If (h, k) be the point then remaining pair is
(2x + y + h) (x – y + k) = 0
æ 0-5ö Where, 2x + y + h = 0 and x – y + k = 0
Þ ( y - 5) = ç ÷ ( x + 3)
è 2+3ø It passes through the point (1, 0)
Þ y = –x + 2 ...(1) \2×1+0+h= Þ 2+h=0 Þ h=–2
and 1 – 0 + k = 0 Þ 1+ k = 0 Þ k = – 1
Slope = m = –1
\ Required pair is (2x + y – 2) (x – y – 1) = 0
1 Þ 2 x 2 - 2 xy - 2 x + xy - y 2 - y - 2 x + 2 y + 2 = 0
and slope of perpendicular line = - =1
m
\ 2 x 2 - xy - y 2 - 4 x + y + 2 = 0
Equation of this line passing through (3, 3) is : 7. (b) Let m and m2 be the slopes of the lines
(y – 3) = 1 (n – 3) represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0. Then,
Þ y = x. a a
2h 3
From eq. (1) we get, m + m2 = - and mm 2 = or m =
b b b
x = –x + 2
Y
Þ x = 1 and y = 1.
5. (d) Clearly, OP = OQ = 1, and
ÐQOP = a - q - q = a - 2q.
X
O

Y
q) 2
– æ 2h ö
(a \ (m + m 2 )3 = ç - ÷
Q è b ø
t)
poin
d 8h 3
mi \ m3 + m 6 + 3mm 2 (m + m 2 ) = -
M( b3
a 8h3 6aha + b 8h 2
\ (a + b) + = \ + =6
2q

p(q) 2 3 2
h ab
b b b
2q
a–

– These are the set of parallel lines and the distance

a/2 between parallel lines are equal. So, the figure is
a–q q X a rhombus.
O 8. (a)
A(7, 1)

The bisector of ÐQOP will be perpendicular to

PQ and also bisect it. Hence, Q is the reflection
of P in the line OM which makes an angle equal C(3 + 2 3,3 + 4 3)
(–1, 5)B
to ÐMOP + ÐPOX with the x-axis, i.e.,
Q AB = BC = CA = 4 5 ,
1 a
(a - 2q) + q = i.e., given triangle is equilateral.
2 2 (Incentre of a triangle are same as the centroid
So that slope of OM is tan(a/2).
 EBD_7588
146 Mathematics Objective MCQs
when triangle is equilateral) 13. (b) The distance between the parallel straight
lines given by
Hence, incentre
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
æ 7 -1 + 3 + 2 3 1 + 5 + 3 + 4 3 ö
= çç 3
,
3
÷÷
g 2 - ac
è ø is 2
æ 2 4 ö a(a + b)
= ç3+ ,3 + ÷
è 3 3ø Here, a = 8, b = 2, c = 15, g = 13.
9. (d) We have So, req. distance
x – y = 4 & 2x + 3y + 7 = 0
169 - 120 7 7
On solving, we get, =2 = 2´ =
x = 1 &y= – 3 80 4 5 2 5
(these are coordinates of centre of the circle) 14. (c) Let A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) be the
vertices of DABC and let lx + my + n = 0 be the
Þ radius = (2 - 1) 2 + (4 + 3) 2 = 5 2 equation of the line. If P divides BC in the ratio l : 1,
10. (c) We have then the coordinates of P are
A
æ lx3 + x2 ly3 + y2 ö
0 + 0 –1 1 1 1 ç l +1 , l +1 ÷
2p = Þ + = è ø R
1 1 2 2 2
a b 4p
+ Q
a2 b2 Also, as P lies on L, P
we have B
C
1 1 2 1 1 1
+ = , Þ , are in A.P..
a 2
b 2
8 p2
a 2 8 p 2 b2 æ l x + x2 ö æ ly3 + y2 ö
lç 3 ÷ + mç l +1 ÷+n = 0
Þ a2, 8p2, b2 are in H.P. è l +1 ø è ø
11. (a) Let the two perpendicular lines be the
lx2 + my2 + n BP
coordinate axes and let the point be P(h, k). Then Þ- =l= ...(i)
sum of the distances of P(h, k) from the lx3 + my3 + n PC
coordinate axes is | h | + | k |. It is given that Similarly, we obtain
| h | + | k | = 1.
So, locus of (h, k) is | x | + | y | = 1. This gives four CQ lx + my3 + n
=- 3 ...(ii)
lines x + y = 1, x – y = 1, –x + y = 1, –x – y = 1 which QA lx1 + my1 + n
enclose a square.
12. (c) The family of line through the given lines is AR lx + my1 + n
and =- 1 ...(iii)
L º x - 7 y + 5 + l( x + 3 y - 2) = 0 ...(i) RB lx2 + my2 + n
For line L = 0 in the diagram, the distance of any On multiplying Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
point say (2, 0) on the line x + 3y – 2 = 0 from the
BP CQ AR
line x – 7y + 5 = 0 and the line L = 0 must be the × × = -1
same. PC QA RB
Therefore,
15. (a) y - 3 x - 5 = 0 line one
2+5 2 + 2 l + 5 - 2l
= 3 y - x + 6 = 0 line two
50 (1 + l )2 + (3l - 7)2
0

y = mx + c
5=

or 10l 2 - 40l = 0
=
+

x 6
7y

i.e. l = 4 or 0 y = 3x + 5 y= -
x–

Hence, L = 0, l = 4. x + 3y – 2 = 0 3 3
Therefore, the required line is 5x + 5y – 3 = 0.
Straight Lines & Pair of Striaght Lines 147
17. (d) The equation of the line in parametric form is
1
m1 = 3 m2 = x -3 y-4
3 = =r
Angle between two lines, cos q sin q
Any point on this line is (3 + r cos q, 4 + r sin q)
m1 - m2
tan q = It lies on x = 6 if 3 + r cos q = 6 Þ r = 3 sec q
1 + m1m2
\ PR = 3 sec q
1 Again the point lies on y = 8 if 4 + r sin q = 8
3-
3 = 1 \ r = 4 cos ecq or PS = 4cosecq
=
1 3 other options can be checked easily
1+ 3
3 a cos t + b sin t + 1
18. (c) x=
= tan 30° 3
\ q = 30° Þ a cos t + b sin t = 3x - 1
16. (a) If polygon has n sides, then the number
a sin t - b cos t
of diagonals B y= Þ a sin t - b cos t = 3 y
3 3
n (n - 3) Squaring & adding,(3 x - 1) 2 + (3 y ) 2 = a 2 + b 2
= =9 O B2
2 19. (c) Point (0, a) lies on the y-axis. In such
\n=6 questions, it is easier to see the location of point
A B1 if lines are drawn on the axis.
5 7
Now A and B can be adjacent vertices atternate From the diagram, it is clear that £a£
vertices or opposite vertices 3 2
If A and B are adjacent then side AB = 2, then y + 3x + 2 = 0
Y
area = 6 ´ DOAB 4y + x – 14 = 0
7/2
3
i.e area = 6 ´ ´ (2) 2 = 6 3 5/3
4 B 3y – 2x – 5 = 0
If A and B are alternate, then
1
2 cos 30° = a + a cos 60°
O –1 1 X
2 60° 2 3 4
\ side a = 30° –5/2 –2 –1 –2/3
–2
3 A a
2
3æ 2 ö 20. (b) p12 = 4a 2 cos 2 4q
\ area = 6 ´ ç ÷ =2 3
4 çè 3 ÷ø 16a 2 cos 2 2q
p 22 = 2 2 2 2
= 16a cos 2q cos q sin q
Finally if A and B are opposite vertices then side sec 2 q + cos ec 2 q
1 = a2 sin2 4q
a = AB = 1
2 \ p12 + 4p 22 = 4a 2
3 2 3 3 21. (b) Area of triangle
Then area = 6 ´ (1) =
4 2
1 c c c2
DAOB = ´ ´ =
2 b a 2ab
 EBD_7588
148 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Let this line cut the x-axis and y-axis at P and Q.
ax + by – c = 0
A æ k ö
Then P º ç h - , 0 ÷ and Q º (0, k - mh).
è m ø
c/b ax – by – c = 0 Let S be the area of DOPQ, then
D –c O B 1 1æ kö
a c c/a S = OP ´ OQ = ç h - ÷ (k - mh)
–– 2 2è mø
b
C 1 (mh - k )(k - mh)
ax – by + c = 0 ax + by + c = 0 =
2 m

Total area = 4 × area DAOB Þ 2mS = hkm - k 2 - h 2 m 2 + khm

c2 2c 2 Þ h2 m 2 - 2(hk - S )m + k 2 = 0
= 4´ =
2ab ab Since, m is real, \ its discriminant D ³ 0
22. (a)
\ 4(hk - S )2 - 4h2 k 2 ³ 0
Y Þ S - 2 hk ³ 0 Þ S ³ 2hk
3
y =x+ Hence, minimum value of S is 2hk sq. units.
P2
(1, 2) A (3,2) 24. (c) Y
90°
(–1, 1) B(0, 4)
90°
X¢ X
O Q (3,0) A(3, 0)
P X
O

Clearly, the circumcenter of triangle ABQ will lie

Y¢ on the perpendicular bisector of line AB. Now,
Q Coordinates of Q are (3, 0) & it passes through the equation of perpendicular bisector of line AB
PQ. is 3x – 4y + 7/2 = 0. Hence, the locus of
\ Putting the values of (x = 3) & (y = 0) in options circumcenter is 6x – 8y + 7 = 0.
we get: 25. (b) We have, PA = PB Þ ( PA) 2 = ( PB )2
Equation of line PQ = 7x + y – 21 = 0
23. (b) Let the equation of any line passing Þ [ x - (a + b)]2 + [ y - (b - a)]2
through A (h, k) be y – k = m (x – h).
y = [ x - (a - b)]2 + [ y - (a + b)]2

Þ [( x - a) - b]2 + [( y - b) + a]2
Q
= [( x - a) + b]2 + [( y - b) - a]2

A (h, k) Þ [( x - a) + b]2 - [( x - a ) - b]2

= [( y - b) + a]2 - [( y - b) - a]2
Þ 4b( x - a) = 4a( y - b) Þ bx = ay ...(i)
x Also, P(a, b) satisfies the conditon (i), so that P
O P can be (a, b).
Straight Lines & Pair of Striaght Lines 149
26. (c) It is given that a, b are the roots of the
28. (a) ( x 2 - a 2 ) 2 (x 2 - b 2 ) 2 + c 4 ( y 2 - a 2 ) 2 = 0
equation x2 – 6p1x + 2 = 0.
\ a + b = 6p1, ab = 2 ...(i) This being the sum of two perfect squares, each
term must be zero.
b, g are the roots of the equation x2 – 6p2x + 3 = 0.
\ b + g = 6p2, bg = 3 ...(ii) Hence, we get ( x 2 - a 2 ) 2 (x 2 - b 2 ) 2 = 0
g, a are the roots of the equation x2 – 6p3x + 6 = 0.
\ g + a = 6p3, ga = 6 ...(ii) or ( x 2 - a 2 ) (x 2 - b 2 ) = 0
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get or ( x - a )(x + a )(x - b)(x + b) = 0 ...(1)
Þ abg = 6 [\ a, b, g > 0]
Now, ab = 2 and abg = 6 and c 4 ( y 2 - a 2 ) 2 = 0
Þ g= 3
or c 2 ( y 2 - a 2 ) = 0 or c 2 ( y + a )( y - a ) = 0 ...(2)
bg = 3 and abg = 6
Equation no. (1) holds good for x = ± a or x = ± b
a= 3 a = 6 abg = 6
Equation no. (2) is satisfied by y = ± a
Þ b = 1
As both of these should be simultaneously
\ a + b = 6p1 Þ 3 = 6p1 satisfied, the given equation represents 8 points
1 which we get as a result of different combinations
Þ p1 = of (1) and (2), namely (±a, ±a), (±b, ±a).
2
b + g = 6p2 Þ 4 = 6p2 AN
= l. Then, the coordinates of N
29. (d) Let
BN
2
Þ p2 =
3 æ a la ö
are ç , ÷.
and g + a = 6p3 Þ 5 = 6p3 è 1+ l 1 + l ø
5
Þ p3 = Y
6
The coordinates of the centroid of triangle are
B (0, a)
æ a +b + g 1 æ 1 1 1 ö ö
ç , ç + + ÷ ÷ or N
è 3 3è a b g ø ø

æ 6 1æ 1 1 ö ö æ 11 ö M
ç , ç + 1 + ÷ ÷ or ç 2, ÷
è 3 3è 2 3 ø ø è 18 ø X
O A (a, 0)
27. (c) If a point is equidistant from the two
intersecting lines, then the locus of this point is
the angle bisector of those lines.
Where (a, 0) and (0, a) are the coordinates of A
Now, let (h, k) be the point which is equidistant and B respectively. Now, equation of MN
from the lines 4x – 3y + 7 = 0 and 3x – 4y + 14 = 0 perpendicular to AB is
4h - 3k + 7 3h - 4k + 14 la a
Then =± y- =x-
2
4 + ( -3) 2 2
3 + ( -4) 2 1+ l 1+ l
1- l
Þ 4h - 3k + 7 = ± (3h - 4k + 14) Þ x- y = a
1+ l
Þ h + k – 7 = 0 and 7h – 7k + 21 = 0
Hence locus of (h, k) is x + y – 7 = 0 and x – y + 3 = 0
 EBD_7588
150 Mathematics Objective MCQs
31. (b) The length of perpendicular from P (2, –3)
æ l -1 ö on the given family of lines
So, the coordinates of M are ç 0, a ÷.
è l +1 ø a (4 - 3 + 4) + b(2 + 6 - 3)
= ± 10 (given)
Therefore, area of the DAMN is =
(2a + b) 2 + (a - 2b) 2
1 é æ -a ö 1- l 2 ù
= êa ç ÷+ a ú Þ 5a + 5b = ± 10(5a 2 + 5b 2 )
êë è l + 1 ø (1 + l )
2 2
úû
Þ 25(a + b) 2 = 50(a 2 + b 2 )

la 2 Þ 25(a - b) 2 = 0 Þ a = b
= For which we get only line 3x – y + 1 = 0
(1 + l)2
32. (a) B (c, d)
2
a
Also, area of DOAB =
2
So, that according to the given condition
q
la 2 3 1
= × a2 O A (a, b)
2 8 2
(1 + l ) Let the origin be O. So O = (0, 0)
Now AB2 = (a - c) 2 + (b - d) 2 ,
Þ 3l 2 - 10l + 3 = 0
OA2 = (a - 0) 2 + (b - 0) 2 = a 2 + b 2
1
Þ l = 3 or l =
3 and OB2 = (c - 0) 2 + (d - 0) 2 = c 2 + d 2
Now from the DAOB :
1
For l = , M lies outside the segment OB and OA 2 + OB2 - AB2
3 cos q =
2 OA.OB
hence the required value of l is 3.
30. (a) 2x = 3y = – z a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 - {(a - c ) 2 + ( b - d ) 2 }
=
x y z 2 a 2 + b2 c2 + d 2
or = =
3 2 -6 2(ac + bd) ac + bd
6x = – y = – 4z = =
2 2 2 2
2 (a + b )(c + d ) (a + b 2 )(c 2 + d 2 )
2
x y z 33. (a) Given equation of straingh lines are
or = =
2 -12 -3 x + 2y – 9 = 0, 3x + 5y – 5 = 0 and ax + by – 1 = 0
They are concurrent, if
x1x 2 + y1y 2 + z1z 2 – 5 + 5b – 2(– 3 + 5a) – 9(3b – 5a) = 0
cos q =
Þ 35a – 22b + 1 = 0
x12 + x 22 + x 32 × y12 + y 22 + y32 Thus, given straight lines are concurrent if the
straight line 35x – 22y + 1 = 0 passes through (a, b).
( 6 - 24 + 18) 34. (a) Let the line cuts the axes at points A(a, 0)
= and B(0, b). Now, given that (–4, 3) divides AB in
( 3)2 + ( 2)2 + ( -6)2 . ( 2)2 + ( -12)2 + ( -3)2 the ratio 5 : 3. Then, –4 = 3a/8 and 3 = 5b/8.
Therefore, a = –32/3 and b = 24/5. Then using the
cosq = 0 intercept form x/a + y/b = 1, the equation of line is
q = 90° 3x 5 y
- + =1
So lines are perpendicular 32 24
or 9x – 20y + 96 = 0
Straight Lines & Pair of Striaght Lines 151
35. (a) Since, the line BD divides the triangle into 38. (d) The sides given are y = 3( x - 1) + 2 and
two of equal area. BD is a median and D is (–1, –2).
y = –x. Lines are at an angle 60° to each other.
1 Now any line parallel to obtuse angle bisector
Slope of BD = – . will make equilateral triangle with these lines as
2
its two sides.
Y
60°
A (2, 3)
60°
60°
60°
60° 60°
D O X

B (1, –3)

Therefore, infinitely many lines.

C(–4, –7)
Y
So, the required line is y + 3 = 2 (x – 1)
Þ y - 2x + 5 = 0 B (0, y)
36. (d) Distance of all the points from (0, 0) are 5 (1, 2)
39. (c) X¢ X
unit. That means circumcentre of the triangle
O A(x, 0)
formed by the given point is (0, 0). If G (h, k ) be
the centroid of triangle, then
3h = 3 + 5(cos q + sin q), 3k = 4 + 5(sin q - cos q)
Y¢
If H(a, b) be the orthocentre, then
OG : GH = 1: 2 Þ a = 3h, b = 3k 0+ x 0+ y
= 1; =2
2 2
a-3 b-4 x = 2; y = 4
cos q + sin q = , sin q - cos q =
5 5 Equation of line passing through (2, 0) and (0, 4)
a+b-7 a - b +1 4-0
Þ sin q = , cos q = y– 0 = (x - 2)
10 10 0-2
Thus, locus of (a, b) is (x + y – 7)2 + (x – y + 1)2 = 100. y = –2x + 4
37. (d) Here p = 7 and a = 30°
2x + y = 4
\Equation of the
40. (d) For the concurrency of three lines,
required line is a[(m + 1)b – (m + 2)c] – ma(b – c) + (m + 2) bc
Y – (m + 1) bc = 0
x cos30° + y sin30° = 7 150°
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
30° Þ - - + = + - =0
3 1 c b b a c a b
or x + y´ =7
2 2 Q
1 1 1
60° \ , , are in A.P., for all m.
or
30° 60°
X a b c
3 x + y = 14 X'
O

Y'
\ a, b, c are in H.P., for all m.
 EBD_7588
152 Mathematics Objective MCQs
41. (b) The perpendicular distance between the P
44. (a)
parallel lines in pairs is same, hence the lines form y + 2x = 1
a rhombus
42. (c) The point of coincidence on the y-axis is 1/ 5
Q(0, l).
3y + 6x = 6
The image of P(2, 3) on Q R
the y-axis is P1(–2, 3). The given lines are y + 2x = 1 and y + 2x = 2. The
P1, Q and R are collinear. distance between the lines is (2 - 1) / 5 = 1/ 5.
Therefore, Slope of P1Q The side length of the triangle is
= Slope of P1R 1 2
cosec 60° = .
l-3 10 - 3 5 15
or = 45. (d) Slope of x + y = 1 is –1
0 - (-2) 5 - (-2)
Slope of x – y = 1 is 1
Y Let tan A = –1, tan B = 1
R(5, 10)
Q(0, l) 3p p
A= ,B=
(–2, 3)P1 P(2, 3) 4 4
p
X A–B=
O 2
46. (c) Let the equation of the line L be
y – 2 = m (x – 8), m < 0
or l – 3 = 2 or l = 5. æ 2 ö
Therefore, the point Q is (0, 5). Coordinates of P and Q are P ç 8 - , 0 ÷
è m ø
and Q (0, 2 – 8m).
y
43. (b) 2
B So, OP + OQ = 8 - + 2 - 8m
P(a, b) m
(0, b) 2
= 10 + + 8(- m)
X -m
O
A 2
(a, 0) ³ 10 + 2 ´ 8(-m) ³ 18
-m
absolute min. value of OP + OQ = 18.
1
Area of DOAB = S = ab ...(i) 0 -1
2 47. (b) The equation of AB is y - 1 = x
2 -1
x y or x + 2y – 2 = 0
Equation of AB is + =1
a b P Y
a b A(0, 1)
Putting (a, b), we get + =1 P1
a b
X
a ab O B(2, 0)
Þ + =1 [using (i)]
a 2S 4x + 3y + 9 = 0
|PA – PB| £ AB
Þ a 2b - 2aS + 2aS = 0 \ a Î R Þ D ³ 0
Thus, |PA – PB| is maximum if the points A, B, and
4S 2 - 8abS ³ 0 P are collinear.
Hence, solving x + 2y – 2 = 0 and 4x + 3y + 9 = 0,
Þ S ³ 2ab . Least value of S = 2ab.
we get point P (-84 / 5, 13 / 5).
Straight Lines & Pair of Striaght Lines 153
48. (c) Since the point A(2, 1) is translated parallel -3 -5
to x – y = 3, AA' has the same slope as that of 51. (a) 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 or y = x+
x – y = 3. Therefore, AA' passes through (2, 1) and 4 4
has slope 1. Here, tanq = 1 or -3
Slope =
cos q = 1/ 2, sin q = 1/ 2. 4

Y (2, 1) -1 4
Slope of required line, m = =
A 3 3
-
X' X 4
A' Also line passes through (4, –5)
x–y=3
4
Y' Equation of line, y + 5 = (x - 4)
3
Thus, the equation of AA' is Þ 3y + 15 = 4x – 16
x-2 y -1 Þ 4x – 3y – 31 = 0
=
cos(p / 4) sin( p / 4) 52. (a) P(1, 2)
Since AA' = 4, the coordinates of A' are given by
x-2 y -1
= = -4
cos(p / 4) sin( p / 4)

p p A B
or x = 2 - 4 cos , y = 1 - 4 sin O
4 4
(a, b)
or x = 2 - 2 2, y = 1 - 2 2
Equation of AB = 2x – y + 3 = 0
Hence, the coordinates of A' are
Þ DPAD @ DPBD
(2 - 2 2, 1 - 2 2). Þ D is foot of perpendicular Þ from P to AB
49. (b) Let point Q be (x, 0). a - 1 b - 2 -(2 ´1 - 1´ 2 + 3)
P(1,2) R (5,8) = =
2 -1 4 +1
Since, mPQ = - mRQ a - 1 b - 2 -3 -1 13
= = Þa= ,b=
2 -1 5 5 5
therefore Q
(x,0) y
0-2 æ8-0 ö 9 53. (a) (0, 4)
= -ç ÷ Þx=
x -1 è 5- x ø 5
50. (b) If the line cuts off the axes at A and B, then
the area of triangle is (0, 2)
1 x
´ OA ´ OB = T O (1, 0) (5, 0)
2 4x + 5y = 20
2x +y– 2 = 0
1 2T
or ´ a ´ OB = T or OB =
2 a It is clear from the figure m < 5 and n < 4 so,
Hence, the equation of line is 1 £ m < 5 and 2 £ n < 4 Also 2m + n – 2 > 0 and
x y 4m + 5n – 20 < 0. Under these conditons possible
+ = 1 or 2Tx – a2y + 2aT = 0. coordinates are
- a 2T / a
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 2)
 EBD_7588
154 Mathematics Objective MCQs
54. (d) Let the parametric equation of drawn line is 56. (d) Let P (x, y) be a point and A = (a, 0), B = (– a, 0).
Now, PA2 = (x – a)2 + y2
x y
= = r Þ x = r cos q, y = r sin q PB2 = (x + a)2 + y2
cos q sin q
Since the sum of the distances of the point P (x, y)
Putting it in 'L1', we get from the points A (a, 0) and B (– a, 0) is 2b2.
r sin q = r cos q + 10 \ PA2 + PB2 = 2b2
(x – a)2 + (y – 0)2 + (x + a)2 + (y – 0)2 = 2b2
1 sin q - cos q
Þ = Þ x2 + a2 – 2ax + y2 + x2 + a2 + 2ax + y2 = 2b2
OA 10
Þ x2 + a2 + y2 = b2
y Þ x2 + a2 = b2 – y2
57. (d) Clearly, A will remain as (0, 0); f1 will make B
as (0, 4), f2 will make it (12, 4), and f3 will make it (4,
B 8); f1 will make C as (2, 4), f2 will make it (14, 4),
A and f3 will make it (5, 9). Finally, f1 will make D as
x
(2, 0), f2 will make it (2, 0), and f3 will make it (1, 1).
O L2: y = x + 20
So, we finally get A(0, 0), B (4, 8), C (5, 9), and
L1: y = x + 10
Similarly, putting the D(1, 1). Hence,
general point of drawn
8 9 -8 9 -1 8
line is the equation of L2, mAB = , mBC = = 1, mCD = = ,
4 5-4 5 -1 4
we get
1 sin q - cos q 9 8 -1 7
= mAD = 1, mAC = , mBD = =
OB 20 5 4 -1 3
Let P = (h, k) and OP = r Hence, the final figure will be a parallelogram.
Þ r cos q = h, r sin q = k , we have 58. (b) Let any line through the origin meets the
given lines at E and F as shown in figure.
2 sin q - cos q sin q - cos q y
= +
r 10 20
(0, 9/4)B
Þ 40 = 3r sin q - 3r cos q Þ 3 y - 3x = 40.
55. (c) Two joining points are (p, q) and (q, – p) E
C(–3, 0) A(9/4, 0)x
Mid poin t of (p, q) and (q, – p) is
O
æ p+q q– pö F
ç 2 , 2 ÷
è ø
ær sö
But it is given that the mid-point is ç , ÷ .
è2 2ø
p+q r q– p s
\ = and = D(0, 6)
2 2 2 2
Þ p + q = r and q – p = s
Now, from the figure, triangles OAE and OCF are
Now, length of segment = ( p – q )2 + (q + p)2 similar.
(by distance formula) Therefore,
OE OA 9 / 4 3
= s2 + r 2 = = =
OF OC 3 4
Straight Lines & Pair of Striaght Lines 155
59. (a) The intersection point of two lines ÐRPQ = q and ÐRQP = f, so that q - f = 2a
æ -c -c ö Let RM ^ PQ, so that
is ç , ÷
èa+b a+bø RM = k, MP = a – h and MQ = a + h
Distance between (1, 1) and
RM k
æ -c -c ö Then, tan q = = ,
ç , ÷<2 2 MP a - h
è a + b a +b ø
RM k
æ c ö
2 tan f = =
Þ 2 ç1 + ÷ <8 MQ a + h
è a+bø
Therefore, from 2a = q - f, we have
Þ 1+ c < 2 Þ a + b – c > 0 tan q - tan f
a+b tan 2a = tan(q - f) =
60. (c) One vertex of square is (– 4, 5) and equation 1 + tan q tan f
of one diagonal is 7x – y + 8 = 0
Diagonal of a square are perpendicular and bisect k (a + h) - k (a - h)
=
each other a 2 - h2 + k 2
Let the equation of the other diagonal be y = mx
+ c where m is the slope of the line and c is the y- Þ a 2 - h 2 + k 2 - 2hk cot 2a = 0
intercept. Ther efore, the locus of R (h, k) is
Since this line passes through (– 4, 5)
\ 5 = –4m + c … (i) x2 - y 2 + 2xy cot 2a - a2 = 0
Since this line is at right angle to the line Hence, (a) is the correct answer.
7x – y + 8 = 0 or y = 7x + 8, having slope = 7, 62. (a) Two of the given lines y + 3x – 5 = 0 and
-1 3y – x + 10 = 0 are ^ to each other, so the triangle
\ 7 × m = – 1 or m= is right angled and its circumradius is half the
7 hypotenuse, y = x intersects other two lines in
Putting this value of m in equation (i) we get
31 æ 5 5 ö and (–5, –5),
C= ç , ÷
7 è4 4ø
Hence, equation of the other diagonal is é 2 2ù
1ê æ 5ö æ 5ö ú
1 31 \ Circumradius = ç - 5 - ÷ ç+ - 5 - ÷
y=- x+ or x + 7y = 31. 2ê è 4ø è 4ø ú
7 7 ë û
61. (a) Let R (h, k) be the variable point. Then,
1 é 625 625 ù 1 é 25 2 ù 25
= 2 ê 16 + 16 ú = 2 ê 4 ú =
êë úû êë úû 4 2
Y
R (h, k)
63. (a) Let the line make intercept ‘a’ on x-axis.
Then, it makes intercept ‘2a’ on y-axis. Therefore,
x y
the equation of the line is given by + =1
a 2a
It passes through (1, 2), so, we have
1 2
f q + = 1 or a = 2
X' X a 2a
Q (–a, 0) O M P (a, 0) Therefore, the required equation of the line is given
by
x y
Y' + = 1 or 2x + y = 4
2 4
 EBD_7588
156 Mathematics Objective MCQs
64. (c) The diagram is self-explanatory. 67. (a) We have, max {|x – 1|, |y – 2|} = 4
y If {| x - 1|³| y - 2 |},
S
(0, q) then |x – 1| = 4,
45° i.e., if (x + y – 3) (x – y + 1) ³ 0,
R then x = –3 or 5,
(0, p) 135° 135° If | y - 2 |³| x - 1|,
45° x
P(p, 0) Q(q, 0) then |y – 2| = 4
From the diagram, PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. i.e., ( x + y - 3)( x - y + 1) £ 0,
65. (b) The given points are A(h, 0), B(a, b), then y = –2 or 6.
C(0, k), they lie on the same plane.
\ Slope of AB = Slope of BC So, the locus of P bounds a square, the equation
of whose sides are x = –3, x = 5, y = –2, y = 6
b -0 b Thus, the area is (8)2 = 64.
\ Slope of AB = = ;
a-h a-h 68. (d) The given point lies on the lines x + y = 2,
if 3t2 + 3t + 3 = 0. Here discriminant 9 – 12 < 0.
Slope of BC = k - b = k - b
0-a -a Therefore the value of t is imaginary. Thus the
b k -b given point cannot lie on the line.
\ = or by cross multiplication 69. (c) The coordinates of points P, Q, R are (–1, 0),
a-h -a
–ab = (a – h)(k – b) or –ab = ak – ab – hk (0, 0), (3,3 3) respectively..
+ hb
or 0 = ak – hk + hb or ak + hb = hk Slope of QR Y R (3, 3 3 )

Dividing by hk Þ
ak hb a b y2 - y1 3 3 M
+ = 1 or + =1 = =
hk hk h k x2 - x1 3
66. (c)
Þ tan q = 3 X'
2p / 3 p /3
X
P (–1, 0) Q (0, 0)
Y
p p
q Þ q= Þ ÐRQX = Y'
A (4, 3) 3 3
M(0, 3)
p 2p
p \ ÐRQP = p - = ;
3 3
L Let QM bisects the ÐPQR ,
X¢ X
O (4, 0)
2p
\ Slope of the line QM = tan =– 3
3
\ Equation of line QM is (y – 0) = – 3 (x – 0)

Y¢ Þ y=– 3x Þ 3 x + y= 0

70. (c) y = (2 + 3) x + 4 ...(1)

p= ( 4 - 4 ) 2 + ( 3 - 0 )2 =3
y = ka + 6 ...(2)

q= ( 4 - 0 )2 + ( 3 - 3 ) 2 =4 By (1) Þ m1 = (2 + 3) ; By (2) Þ m2 = k
Now, 4 p = 4 × 3 = 12 m1 - m2
3q = 3 × 4 = 12 \ tan 60° = Þ k = -1
1 + m1m2
\ 4 p = 3q
 11 Conic Sections
1. If the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 intersects the 6. The line joining (5, 0) to ( (10 cos q, 10 sin q) is
2
hyperbola xy = c in four points divided internally in the ratio 2 : 3 at P. If q varies,
then the locus of P is
P(x1, y1 ), Q( x 2 , y 2 ), R ( x 3 , y 3 ), S( x 4 , y 4 ) then (a) a pair of straight lines
(a) x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 0 (b) a circle
(b) y1 + y 2 + y 3 + y 4 = 2 (c) a straight line
(d) None of these
(c) x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 = 2c 4 7. If x = 9 is the chord of contact of the hyperbola
4 x 2 – y 2 = 9, then the equation of the
(d) y1 y 2 y 3 y 4 = 2c corresponding pair of tangents is
2. Let A be the centre of the circle
(a) 9x2 – 8y2 + 18x – 9 = 0
x2 + y2 – 2x–4y –20 = 0, and B( 1,7) and D(4,–2)
(b) 9x2 – 8y2 – 18x + 9 = 0
are points on the circle then, if tangents be
(c) 9x2 – 8y2 – 18x – 9 = 0
drawn at B and D, which meet at C, then area of
(d) 9x2 – 8y2 + 18x + 9 = 0
quadrilateral ABCD is -
(a) 150 (b) 75 8. If the line y = mx + a 2 m 2 - b 2 touches the
(c) 75/2 (d) None of these
3. The equation of a circle which passes through the x2 y2
point (2, 0) and whose centre is the limit of the hyperbola - = 1 at the point j . Then j =
point of intersection of the lines 3x+5y = 1 and a2 b2
(2 + c)x + 5c2y = 1 as c tends to 1, is æ a ö
(a) sin -1 (m) (b) sin -1 ç ÷
(a) 25(x 2 + y 2 ) + 20x + 2y - 60 = 0 è bm ø
(b) 25(x 2 + y 2 ) - 20x + 2 y + 60 = 0 -1 æ b ö æ bm ö
(c) sin ç ÷ (d) sin -1 ç ÷
è am ø è a ø
(c) 25(x 2 + y 2 ) - 20x + 2 y - 60 = 0
9. If OA and OB are the tangents from the origin to
(d) None of these
4. If the ellipse 9x2 + 16y2 = 144 intercepts the line the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and C is
3x + 4y = 12, then what is the length of the chord the centre of the circle, the area of the quadrilateral
so formed? OACB is
(a) 5 units (b) 6 units
(c) 8 units (d) 10 units 1
(a) c( g 2 + f 2 - c) (b) c ( g 2 + f 2 - c)
2
5. If the pair of lines ax + 2 (a + b)xy + by 2 = 0 lie
2

along diameters of a circle and divide the circle g2 + f 2 - c

into four sectors such that the area of one of the (c) c g2 + f 2 - c (d)
c
sectors is thrice the area of another sector then
x2 y2
10. Consider any point P on the ellipse + =1
25 9
(a) 3a 2 - 10 ab + 3b 2 = 0 in the first quadrant. Let r and s represent its
distances from (4, 0) and (–4, 0) respectively,
(b) 3a 2 - 2ab + 3b 2 = 0 then (r + s) is equal to
(c) 3a 2 + 10 ab + 3b 2 = 0 (a) 10 unit (b) 9 unit
(c) 8 unit (d) 6 unit
(d) 3a 2 + 2ab + 3b 2 = 0
 EBD_7588
158 Mathematics Objective MCQs
11. The point ([P + 1], [P]) (where [x] is the greatest 16. If the centre of the circle passing through the
integer less than or equal to x), lying inside the origin is (3, 4), then the intercepts cut off by the
region bounded by the circle x 2 + y2 – 2x – 15 = 0
circle on x-axis and y-axis respectively are
and x2 + y2 – 2x – 7 = 0, then
(a) 3 unit and 4 unit (b) 6 unit and 4 unit
(a) P Î [–1, 0) È [0, 1) È [1, 2) (c) 3 unit and 8 unit (d) 6 unit and 8 unit
(b) P Î [–1, 2) – {0, 1} 17. Let S 1 , S 2 be the foci of the ellipse
(c) P Î (–1, 2)
(d) none of these x2 y2
+ = 1. If A(x + y) is any point on the ellipse,
12. The line y = mx + c intersects the circle 16 8
x2 + y2 = r2 at the two real distinct points if then the maximum area of the triangle AS1S2 (in
2 2 square units) is
(a) - r 1 + m < c < r 1 + m
(b) – r < c < r (a) 2 2 (b) 2 3 (c) 8 (d) 4
2 2
(c) - r 1 - m < c < r 1 + m 18. Let S is a circle with centre (0, 2 ) . Then
(d) None of these
13. The equation of the image of circle (a) There cannot be any rational point on S
x2 + y2 + 16x – 24y + 183 = 0 by the line mirror (b) There can be infinitely many rational points
4x + 7y + 13 = 0 is on S
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 32x - 4 y + 235 = 0 (c) There can be at most two rational points on S
(d) There are exactly two rational points on S
(b) x 2 + y 2 + 32x + 4 y - 235 = 0
19. Four distinct points (2k, 3k), (1, 0), (0, 1) and (0, 0)
2 2 lie on a circle for
(c) x + y + 32x - 4 y - 235 = 0
2 2 (a) only one value of k
(d) x + y + 32x + 4 y + 235 = 0 (b) 0 < k < 1
14. Tangents at any point on the hyperbola (c) k < 0
x2 y2 (d) all integral values of k
- = 1 cut the axes at A and B
a 2 b2 20. A hyperbola having the transverse axis of length
respectively. If the rectangle OAPB (where O is 2 sin q, is confocal with the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 12.
the origin) is completed, then locus of point P is Then its equation is
given by :
(a) x2 cosec2 q – y2 sec2 q = 1
a2 b2 a2 b2 (b) x2 sec2 q – y2 cosec2 q = 1
(a) - =1 (b) + =1
x2 y2 x2 y2 (c) x2 sin2 q – y2 cos2 q = 1
(d) x2 cos2 q – y2 sin2 q = 1
a2 b2 21. The value of m, for which the line
(c) -
=1 (d) None of these
y2 x 2
15. Let P (a sec q , b tanq) and Q (a sec f, b tan f), 25 3
y = mx + is a normal to the conic
where q + f = p / 2, be two points on the hyperbola 3

x2 y2 x2 y2
2
- 2
= 1. If (h, k) is the point of intersection - = 1 , is
a b 16 9
of the normals at P and Q, then kz is equal to
æ a 2 + b2 ö 2
a 2 + b2 (a) - (b) 3
(a) (b) –ç ÷ 3
a ç a ÷
è ø
æ a +b ö
2 2
3
a 2 + b2 –ç ÷ (c) - (d) None of these
(c) (d) ç b ÷ 2
b è ø
Conic Sections 159
22. In the given figure, the equation of the larger 28. If AB is a double ordinate of the hyperbola
circle is x 2 + y 2 + 4 y - 5 = 0 and the distance x2 y2
between centres is 4. Then the equation of smaller - = 1 such that DOAB is an equilateral
circle is a 2 b2
Y
triangle O being the origin, then the eccentricity
of the hyperbola satisfies
2
(a) e > 3 (b) 1 < e <
C2 3
X
O 2 2
C1(0,–2)
(c) e= (d) e >
3 3
29. The length of the chord intercepted by the circle
(a) ( x - 7 ) 2 + ( y - 1) 2 = 1 x y
2 2 x 2 + y 2 = r 2 on the line + = 1 is
(b) ( x + 7 ) + ( y - 1) = 1 a b
2 2
(c) x + y = 2 7 x + 2 y r 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) - a 2b2
(d) None of these (a)
23. The angle of intersection of the circles x2 + y2 = 4 a 2 + b2
and x2 + y2 = 2x + 2y is r 2 (a 2 + b2 ) - a 2b2
p p p p (b) 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) a 2 + b2
2 3 6 4
x2 y2 r 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) - a 2b2
24. The hyperbola - = 1 passes through the (c) 2
a2 b 2 a 2 + b2
point (3 5,1) and the length of its latus rectum (d) None of these
30. Area of the equilateral triangle inscribed in the
4 circle
is units. The length of the conjugate axis is
3 x2 + y2 – 7x + 9y + 5 = 0 is
(a) 2 units (b) 3 units 155
(a) 3 square units
(c) 4 units (d) 5 units 8
25. A line is drawn through a fixed point P (a, b) to 165
(b) 3 square units
cut the circle x2 + y2 = a2 at A and B, then PA.PB 8
is equal to 175
(a) a2 + b2 (b) a2 + b2 – a2 (c) 3 square units
(c) a 2 (d) a2 + b2 + a2 8
26. If the line x + y = 1 is a tangent to a circle with 165
centre (2, 3), then its equation is (d) 3 square units
8
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 2y + 5 = 0
2 2
æxö æyö 2 2 2
(b) x 2 + y 2 – 4x – 6y + 5 = 0 31. If ç ÷ + ç ÷ = 1(a > b ) and x - y = c
èaø èbø
(c) x 2 + y2 – x – y + 3 = 0
cut at right angles, then
(d) x 2 + y 2 + 5x + 2y = 0 (a) a2 + b2 = 2c2 (b) b2 – a2 = 2c2
2 2 2
27. Distances from the origin to the centres of the (c) a – b = 2c (d) a2 – b2 = c2
three circles x 2 + y2 - 2li x = c 2 (where c is 32. The common chord of x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 4 y = 0
constant and i = 1, 2, 3) are in G.P. Then the lengths
of tangents drawn from any point on the circle and x 2 + y 2 = 16 subtends at the origin an
x 2 + y 2 = c 2 to these circles are in angle equal to
p p p p
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. (c) H.P. (d) None
 EBD_7588
160 Mathematics Objective MCQs
33. If p is the length of the perpendicular from the 1 3æ 1ö
(a) y- = - çx - ÷
x2 y2 5 4è 2ø
focus S of the ellipse + = 1 to a tangent
a2 b2 1 3æ 1ö
(b) x- = - çy- ÷
2a 5 4è 2ø
at a point P on the ellipse, then -1 =
SP
1 3æ 1ö
2 2
(c) y+ = - çx + ÷
a b 5 4è 2ø
(a) 2 (b)
p p2 1 3æ 1ö
(d) x+ = - çy+ ÷
5 4è 2ø
a 2 + b2
(c) p2 (d) 39. The line passing through the extremity A of the
p2 major axis and the extremity B of the minor axis of
the ellipse x2 + 9y2 = 9 meets its auxiliary circle at
34. If the line x cos a + y sin a = p represents the
the point M. Then the area of the triangle with
common chord of the circles x2 + y2 = a2 and vertices A, M and the origin O is
x2 + y2 + b2 (a > b), where A and B lie ont he first
31 29 21 27
circle and P and Q lie on the second circle, then (a) (b) (c) (d)
AP is equal to 10 10 10 10
40. If polar of a circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 with respect to
(a) a 2 + p2 + b 2 + p 2
( x ', y ') is Ax + By + C = 0 , then its pole will be
(b) 2 2 2 2
a -p + b -p æ a 2 A a2 B ö æ a2 A a2 B ö
(a) ç , ÷ (b) çç C , C ÷÷
(c) a 2 - p 2 - b2 - p 2 è –C – C ø è ø
æ a2C a 2C ö æ a2C a 2C ö
(d) a 2 + p2 - b2 + p2 ç
(c) ç A , ÷ (d) çç - A , - B ÷÷
è B ÷ø è ø
35. If the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + cy + a = 0 and 41. If tangents are drawn from any point on the line
x + 4a = 0 to the parabola y2 = 4ax, then their
x 2 + y 2 – 3ax + dy – 1 = 0 intersect in two distinct chord of contact subtends angle at the vertex
points P and Q then the line 5x + by – a = 0 passes equal to
through P and Q for p p p p
(a) exactly one value of a (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 2 6
(b) no value of a 42. The locus of the point of intersection of two
(c) infinitely many values of a tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax, which are at
(d) exactly two values of a right angle to one another is
36. The length of the chord x + y = 3 intercepted by (a) x2 + y2 = a2 (b) ay2 =x
the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 2 y - 2 = 0 is (c) x + a = 0 (d) x + y ± a = 0
43. If from any point P, tangents PT, PT¢ are drawn to
7 3 3 7 two given circles with centres A and B
(a) (b) (c) 14 (d) respectively; and if PN is the perpendicular from
2 2 2
37. A tangent to the parabola y2 = 8x, which makes P on their radical axis, then PT 2 - PT ' 2 =
an angle of 45° with the straight line y = 3x + 5 is (a) PN. AB (b) 2PN. AB
(a) 2x – y + 1 = 0 (b) 2x +y + 1 = 0 (c) 4PN. AB (d) None of these
(c) x – 2y + 8 = 0 (d) Both (b) & (c) 44. The number of points (a,b), Where a and b are
38. Equation of the latus rectum of the hyperbola positive integers lying on the hyperbola
x2 – y2 = 512 is
(10x - 5) 2 + (10y - 2) 2 = 9(3x + 4 y - 7) 2 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
Conic Sections 161
45. Let d be the perpendicular distance from the
3 + e2
x 2
y 2 (c) Another ellipse of eccentricity
centre of the ellipse +
= 1 to the tangent 4
2
a b2 (d) None of these
drawn at a point P on the ellipse. If F 1 and F2 be 52. If the eccentricity of the hyperbola
the foci of the ellipse, then (PF1 - PF2 ) 2 = x2 – y2 sec2q = 4 is 3 times the eccentricity of
the ellipse x2sec2q + y2 = 16, then the value of
æ b2 ö æ b2 ö q equals
(a) 4a 2 ç1 - ÷ (b) a 2 ç1 - ÷
ç d2 ÷ ç d2 ÷ p 3p p p
è ø è ø (a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
æ a2 ö æ a2 ö 53. Consider a circle of radius R. What is the length
(c) 4b 2 ç1 - ÷ (d) b 2 ç1 - ÷
ç d2 ÷ ç d2 ÷ of a chord which subtends an angle q at the
è ø è ø
centre?
46. Through the vertex O of a parabola y2 = 4x, chords
OP and OQ are drawn at right angles to one æqö
another. The locus of the middle point of PQ is (a) 2R sin ç ÷ (b) 2R sin q
è 2ø
(a) y2 = 2x + 8 (b) y2 = x + 8
2
(c) y = 2x – 8 (d) y2 = x – 8 æqö
47. If the equation of the common tangent at the (c) 2R tan ç ÷ (d) 2R tan q
è 2ø
point (1, – 1) to the two circles, each of radius 13,
54. The limiting points of the coaxial system
is 12x + 5y – 7 = 0 then the centres of the two
determined by the circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 9 = 0
circles are
and x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y + 1 = 0
(a) (13, 4), (–11, 6) (b) (13, 4), (–11, –6)
(c) (13, –4), (–11, –6) (d) (–13, 4), (–11, –6) æ 3 - 14 ö
48. The eccentricity of the hyperbola whose latus (a) (-1, 2), ç , ÷
è5 5 ø
rectum is 8 and conjugate axis is equal to half the
distance between the foci is : æ 3 14 ö
(b) (-1, 2), ç , ÷
4 4 è5 5 ø
(a) (b)
3 3 æ - 3 14 ö
(c) (-1, 2), ç , ÷
2 è 5 5ø
(c) (d) None of these (d) None of these
3
55. If the chords of contact of tangents from two
49. If tangents are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4ax at
points whose abscissae are in the ratio m2 : 1, x 2 y2
then the locus of their point of intersection is the points (a, b) and (g, d) to the ellipse + =1
5 2
curve (m > 0).
(a) y2 = (m½ – m–½)2 ax ag
are perpendicular, then =
(b) y2 = (m½ + m–½)2 ax bd
(c) y2 = (m½ + m–½)2 x
(d) None of these 4 -4 25 -25
(a) (b) (c) (d)
50. What is the area of the triangle formed by the 25 25 4 4
lines joining the vertex of the parabola x2 = 12y 56. A line PQ meets the parabola y2 = 4ax in R such
to the ends of the latus rectum? that PQ is bisected at R. If the coordinates of P
(a) 9 square units (b) 12 square units are (x1, y1) then the locus of Q is the parabola
(c) 14 square units (d) 18 square units
(a) ( y + y1 ) 2 = 8a ( x + x1 )
51. If a variable point P on an ellipse of eccentricity e
is joined to the foci S1 and S2 then the incentre of (b) ( y - y1 ) 2 = 8a ( x + x 1 )
the triangle PS1S2 lies on
(a) The major axis of the ellipse (c) ( y + y1 ) 2 = 8a ( x - x 1 )
(b) The circle with radius e (d) None of these
 EBD_7588
162 Mathematics Objective MCQs
57. The equation of the ellipse with its centre at (1, 2), 64. The equation of the parabola whose focus is (0, 0)
focus at (6, 2) and passing through the point (4, 6) and the tangent at the vertex is x – y + 1 = 0 is
( x - 1) 2 ( y - 2) 2 (a) x 2 + y 2 + 2xy - 4x + 4y - 4 = 0
is + = 1 , then
a2 b2
(b) x 2 - 4x + 4y - 4 = 0
2 2 2 2
(a) a = 1, b = 25 (b) a = 25, b = 20
(c) y 2 - 4x + 4y - 4 = 0
2 2
(c) a = 20, b = 25 (d) None of these
58. A point moves such that the square of its distance (d) 2x 2 + 2 y 2 - 4xy - x + y - 4 = 0
from a straight line is equal to the difference
æp ö
between the square of its distance from the centre 65. If P(q) and Qç + q ÷ are two points on the
of a circle and the square of the radius of the è2 ø
circle. The lcus of the point is
(a) a straight line at right angle to the given line x2 y2
ellipse + = 1 , then locus of the mid- point
(b) a circle concentric with the given circle a2 b2
(c) a parabola with its axis parallel to the given of PQ is
line
(d) a parabola with its axis perpendicular to the x2 y2 1 x2 y2
(a) + = (b) + =4
given line a2 b2 2 a2 b2
59. The point (a, 2a) is an interior point of region
bounded by the parabola x2 = 16y and the double x2 y2
(c) + =2 (d) None of these
ordinate through focus then a 2 b2
(a) a < 4 (b) 0 < a < 4 66. If P º (x, y), F1 º (3, 0), F2 º (–3, 0) and
(c) 0 < a < 2 (d) a > 4 16x2 + 25y2 = 400, then PF1 +PF2 equals
60. If the tangents at P and Q on a parabola meet in (a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 12
T, then SP, ST and SQ are in 67. Equation of the parabola whose vertex is (–3, –2),
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. axis is horizontal and which passes through the
(c) H.P. (d) None of these point (1, 2) is
61. An ellipse has OB as semi minor axis, F and F '
(a) y 2 + 4 y + 4x - 8 = 0
its focii and the angle FBF ' is a right angle.
Then the eccentricity of the ellipse is (b) y 2 + 4 y - 4x + 8 = 0
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) y 2 + 4 y - 4x - 8 = 0
2 2 4 3 (d) None of these
62. The normal at the point (bt12, 2bt1) on a parabola 68. If a point P(x , y) moves along the ellipse
meets the parabola again in the point (bt22, 2bt2),
then x2 y 2
+ = 1 and if C is the centre of the
2 2 25 16
(a) t 2 = t1 + (b) t 2 = -t1 - ellipse, then, 4 max {CP} + 5 min {CP} =
t1 t1
(a) 25 (b) 40 (c) 45 (d) 54
2 2 69. The equation of one of the common tangents to
(c) t 2 = -t1 + (d) t 2 = t1 -
t1 t1
the parabola y2 = 8x and x 2 + y 2 - 12x + 4 = 0 is
63. Let S 1 , S 2 be the foci of the ellipse
(a) y = –x + 2 (b) y = x – 2
x2 y2 (c) y = x + 2 (d) None of these
+ = 1. If A(x + y) is any point on the ellipse, 70. An equilateral triangle is inscribed in the circle
16 8
x2 + y2 = a2 with one of the vertices at (a, 0).
then the maximum area of the triangle AS1S2 (in
What is the equation of the side opposite to this
square units) is
vertex ?
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 3 (c) 8 (d) 4
(a) 2x – a = 0 (b) x + a = 0
(c) 2x + a = 0 (d) 3x – 2a = 0
Conic Sections 163
71. What is the equation to circle which touches both 79. If the latus rectum of an ellipse is equal to one
the axes and has centre on the line x + y = 4? half its minor axis, what is the eccentricity of the
(a) x2 + y2 – 4x + 4y + 4 = 0 ellipse ?
(b) x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0 1 3
3 15
(c) x2 + y2 + 4x – 4y – 4 = 0 (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 4 4
(d) x2 + y2 + 4x + 4y – 4 = 0
72. If the coordinates of four concyclic points on 80. The sum of the focal distances of a point on the
the rectangular hyperbola xy = c 2 are x 2 y2
ellipse + = 1 is:
(ct i , c / t i ), i = 1,2,3,4 then 4 9
(a) t 1t 2 t 3 t 4 = -1 (a) 4 units (b) 6 units
(c) 8 units (d) 10 units
(b) t 1t 2 t 3 t 4 = 1 81. Equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is
(c) t 1t 3 = t 2 t 4 2x + y = 1, focus (1, 2) and eccentricity 3 is
(a) 7x2 – 2y2 + 12xy – 2x + 14y – 22 = 0
(d) t 1 + t 2 + t 3 + t 4 = c 2
(b) 5x2 – 2y2 + 10xy + 2x + 5y – 20 = 0
73. If the angle between the straight lines joining the (c) 4x2 + 8y2 + 8xy + 2x – 2y + 10 = 0
foci to an extremity of minor axis in an ellipse be (d) None of these
90°; then the eccentricity of the ellipse is 82. The sum of the squares of the perpendiculars on
1 1 1 1 x2 y2
(a) (b) (c) (d) any tangent to the ellipse + = 1 from two
2 3 2 3 a 2 b2
74. If two circles A, B of equal radii pass through the points on the minor axis each at a distance
centres of each other, then what is the ratio of a 2 - b 2 from the centre is
the length of the smaller arc to the circumference 2
of the circle A cut off by the circle B? (a) 2a 2 (b) 2b
2 2
1 1 (c) a + b (d) a - b 2
2
1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4 3 3 x 2 y2
75. The equation of the circle which touches the axes 83. A point on the ellipse + = 1 at a distance
16 9
at a distance 5 from the origin is equal to the mean of the lengths of the semi-
y2 + x2 – 2ax – 2ay + a2 = 0. What is the value major axis and semi-minor axis from the centre is
of a?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 æ 2 91 3 105 ö
(a) ç , ÷
76. The curve represented by ç 7 14 ÷ø
è
x = 2(cos t + sin t ), , y = 5(cos t - sin t ) is
æ 2 91 3 105 ö
(a) a circle (b) a parabola (b) çç ,- ÷
(c) an ellipse (d) a hyperbola è 7 14 ÷ø
77. Under which one of the following conditions
does the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 meet æ 2 105 3 91 ö
(c) çç , ÷
the x-axis in two points on opposite sides of the è 7 14 ÷ø
origin?
(a) c > 0 (b) c < 0 (c) c = 0 (d) c £ 0 æ 2 105 3 91 ö
(d) çç - ,- ÷
78. If the focal distance of an end of the minor axis of
è 7 14 ÷ø
any ellipse (referred to its axis as the axes of x and
y respectively) is k and the distance between the 84. Consider the parabolas S1 º y 2 – 4 ax = 0 and
foci is 2h, then its equation is
S 2 º y 2 – 4bx = 0. S2 will contain S1, if
x2 y2 x2 y2 (a) a > b > 0
(a) + = 1 (b) + =1
k2 k2 + h2 k2 h2 - k2 (b) b > a > 0
(c) a > 0, b < 0 but |b| > a
x2 y2 x2 y2
(c) + = 1 (d) + =1 (d) a < 0, b > 0 but b > |a|
k2 k2 - h2 k2 h2
 EBD_7588
164 Mathematics Objective MCQs
85. What are the points of intersection of the curve
(a) 4x 2 y2 + 2(x 2 - a 2 )(y2 - b 2 ) = k(x 2 - a 2 ) 2
4x2 – 9y2 = 1 with its conjugate axis?
(a) (1 / 2, 0) and (– 1/2, 0) (b) 4x 2 y2 - 2(x 2 - a 2 )(y2 - b2 ) = k(x 2 - a 2 )2
(b) (0, 2) and (0, – 2)
(c) (0, 3) and (0, – 3) (c) 4x 2 y2 - 2(x2 - a 2 )(y2 - b2 ) = k(x 2 + a 2 )2
(d) No such point exists (d) None of these
86. The curve described parametrically by
x = 2 – 3 sec t, y = 1 + 4 tan t represents : x2 y 2
88. Let E be the ellipse + = 1 and C be the
3 9 4
(a) An ellipse centred at (2, 1) and of eccentricity circle x2 + y2 = 9. Let P = (1, 2) and Q = (2, 1).
5 Which one of the following is correct?
(b) A circle centred at (2, 1) and of radius 5 units (a) Q lies inside C but outside E
(c) A hyperbola centr ed at (2, 1) & of (b) Q lies outside both C and E
8 (c) P lies inside both C and E
eccentricity (d) P lies inside C but outside E.
5
(d) A hyperbola centr ed at (2, 1) & of 89. Which one of the following is correct? The
eccentricity of the conic
5
eccentricity
3 x2 y2
+ = 1,(l ³ 0)
87. The locus of the point of intersection of two a 2 + l b2 + l
(a) increases with increase in l
x2 y2
tangents of the ellipse + = 1 which are (b) decreases with increase in l
a 2 b2 (c) does not change with l
inclined at angles q1, and q2 with the major axis
(d) None of the above
2 2
such that tan q1 + tan q 2 is constant, is 90. What is the area of the triangle formed by the
lines joining the vertex of the parabola x2 = 12y
to the ends of the latus rectum?
(a) 9 square units (b) 12 square units
(c) 14 square units (d) 18 square units

Answer KEYs
1 (a) 10 (a) 19 (a) 28 (d) 37 (d) 46 (c) 55 (d) 64 (a) 73 (c) 82 (a)
2 (b) 11 (d) 20 (a) 29 (b) 38 (a) 47 (b) 56 (a) 65 (a) 74 (c) 83 (a)
3 (c) 12 (a) 21 (a) 30 (d) 39 (d) 48 (c) 57 (d) 66 (c) 75 (b) 84 (b)
4 (a) 13 (d) 22 (a) 31 (c) 40 (a) 49 (b) 58 (d) 67 (c) 76 (c) 85 (d)
5 (d) 14 (a) 23 (d) 32 (d) 41 (c) 50 (d) 59 (c) 68 (b) 77 (b) 86 (d)
6 (b) 15 (d) 24 (c) 33 (b) 42 (c) 51 (c) 60 (b) 69 (c) 78 (c) 87 (b)
7 (b) 16 (d) 25 (b) 34 (c) 43 (b) 52 (b) 61 (a) 70 (c) 79 (b) 88 (d)
8 (c) 17 (c) 26 (b) 35 (b) 44 (b) 53 (a) 62 (b) 71 (b) 80 (a) 89 (b)
9 (b) 18 (c) 27 (b) 36 (c) 45 (a) 54 (b) 63 (c) 72 (b) 81 (a) 90 (d)
Conic Sections 165

1. (a) ( x i , y i ) , i = 1, 2, 3, 4 lies on we get (3c 2 - c - 2)x = c 2 - 1 or

2
c
xy = c 2 Þ y i = c2 -1
xi x=
3c 2 - c - 2
Now the point ( x i , y i ) lies on Now,
c4 (c - 1)(c + 1) c +1 2
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 Þ x i2 + = a2 lim x = lim = lim =
xi c ®1 c ®1 (c - 1)(3c + 2) c ®1 3c + 2 5
Þ x 4i - a 2 x i2 + c 4 = 0
\ x coordinate of centre = 2
Its roots are x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 \ 5
x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 0 2 1
2
From (1), when x = , y = -
x1 x 2 + x1 x 3 + x1 x 4 + x 2 x 3 + x 2 x 4 + x 3 x 4 = a 5 25
x1x 2 x 3 + x1x 2 x 4 + x1x 3 x 4 + x 2 x 3 x 4 = 0 æ2 1 ö
Hence, the centre of the circle is ç ,- ÷
4
x1x 2 x 3 x 4 = c Clearly (c) is not correct è 5 25 ø
Also, the circle passes through the point A (2, 0)
c2 c2 c2 c 2 \ radius of the circle
Now y1 y 2 y 3 y 4 = × × × = c4
x1 x 2 x 3 x 4
2 2
æ 2ö æ 1 ö
2
c (Sx1 x 2 x 3 ) = ç2 - ÷ + ç0 + ÷
and y1 + y 2 + y 3 + y 4 = =0 è 5ø è 25 ø
x 1x 2 x 3 x 4
Thus, equation of the required circle is
2. (b) 2 2
B (1, 7) æ 2ö æ 1 ö 64 1
= çx - ÷ +çy + ÷ = +
è 5ø è 25 ø 25 625
(1, 2) C or 25 (x2 + y2) – 20x + 2y – 60 = 0
A 4. (a) Here,
9 x2 + 16 y 2 = 144 and 3x + 4y = 12
D (4, – 2)
Here, centre is A (1,2), and Tangent at B (1,7) is 12 - 4 y
Þx=
x.1 + y.7 – 1 (x + 1) – 2 (y + 7) – 20 = 0 3
or y = 7 ...(1)
2
Tangent at D (4,–2) is æ 12 - 4 y ö 2
3x – 4y – 20 = 0 ...(2) So, 9 ç ÷ + 16 y = 144
è 3 ø
Solving (1) and (2), we get C is (16, 7)
1
On solving we get, y = 0, 3
Area ABCD = 2 (Area of D ABC) = 2× AB × BC For y = 0; x = 4
2
= AB × BC = 5 × 15 = 75 units For y = 3; x = 0
Þ Length of chord
3. (c) Let A º (2,0)
Given lines are 3x + 5y = 1 ...(1) = (0 - 3)2 + (4 - 0)2 = 9 + 16
and (2 + c) x + 5 c2y = 1 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by c2 and subtracting
(2) form it, = 25 = 5 units
 EBD_7588
166 Mathematics Objective MCQs

5. (d) Chord x = 9 meets x2 – y2 = 9 at (9,6 2) and

q (9, –6 2) at which tangents are
3q
9 x – 6 2 y = 9 and 9 x + 6 2 y = 9
or 3x –2 2 y – 3 = 0 and 3 x + 2 2 y – 3 = 0
\ Combined equation of tangents is
As per question area of one sector = 3 area of
another sector (3x – 2 2 y – 3) (3x + 2 2 y – 3) = 0
Þ angle at centre by one sector = 3 ´ angle at or 9x2 – 8y2 – 18x + 9 = 0
centre by another sector 8. (c) Equation of tangent at point ' j ' on the
Let one angle be q then other = 3q
o
x2 y2
Clearly q + 3q = 180 Þ q = 45 hyperbola - = 1 is
\ Angle between the diameters represented a2 b2
by combined equation x y
sec j - tan j = 1 or
ax 2 + 2 ( a + b ) xy + by 2 = 0 is 45o a b
b
2 h2 - ab y= x cosec j - b cot j ...(1)
\ Using tan q = a
a+b
If y = mx + a 2 m 2 - b 2 ...(2)
we get tan 45o =
2 ( a + b) 2
- ab also touches the hyperbola then on comparing
a+b (1) & (2)
b
2 a 2 + b2 + ab cosec j
- b cot j
Þ1= 1= a =
a+b m a 2m 2 - b 2
2
(
Þ ( a + b) = 4 a 2 + b2 + ab ) b am
2 2 2 2
Hence, m = cosec j; or cosec j =
Þ a + b + 2 ab = 4a + 4b + 4ab a b
Þ 3a 2 + 3b 2 + 2 ab = 0 b b
or sin j = , or j = sin -1
6. (b) Let P(x, y) be the point dividing the join of am am
A and B in the ratio 2 : 3 internally, then 9. (b) Area of quadrilateral = 2 [ area of D OAC]
20cos q + 15 1
x= = 4 cos q + 3 = 2. OA. AC = S1 . g 2 + f 2 - c
5 2
x -3 ....(i) A
Þ cos q =
4
20sin q + 0 y O C
y= = 4sin q Þ sin q = ...(ii)
5 4
Squaring and adding (i) and (ii), we get the
B
required locus ( x - 3) 2 + y 2 = 16 , which is a Point is (0, 0) Þ S1 = c ,
circle.
7. (b) The equation of tangent at a point (x1, y1) \ Area = c ( g 2 + f 2 - c)
on the hyperbola x2 – y2 = c is given by xx1 –
yy1 = c x 2 y2
10. (a) + =1
25 9
Put x = 3
Conic Sections 167

Y \ 4m 2 c 2 - 4(1 + m 2 )(c 2 - r 2 ) > 0

æ 12 ö Þ c 2 < r 2 (1 + m 2 ) Þ
(0, 3) P ç 3, ÷
è 5ø
3 - r 1+ m2 < c < r 1+ m2
s r
13. (d) The centre of the
given circle is (–8, 12)
O X and radius is 5. C(–8,12)
O’(–4, 0)
5 (4, 0)
The image of the circle
will have the same radius, L
i.e. the radius of the
required circle is 5.
The centre D of the
required circle is the D
9 y2 image of the centre C of
+ =1
25 9 the given circle in the line
12 mirror. If D be (a, b)
y=
5 then
P = (3, 12/5) a + 8 b - 12 é 4 ´ -8 + 7 ´ 12 + 13 ù
= = -2 ê ú
æ 12 ö
2 4 7 ë 42 + 72 û
r = PO = (4 - 3)2 + ç 0 - ÷ [See straight line]
è 5ø
a + 8 b - 12 -2 ´ 65
= 17/5 Or, = = = -2
4 7 65
2 \a = -16, b = -2
æ 12 ö
S = PO ¢ = [-4 - 3] + ç 0 - ÷
è 5ø \ Required circle is ( x + 16) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 52
= 33/5 14. (a) Eq. of the tangent at the point 'q' is
17 33 50 x sec q y tan q
r+s = + = = 10 unit - =1
5 5 5 a b
11. (d) Since the ([P + 1], [P]) lies inside the circle Þ A is (a cos q, 0) and B is (0, –b cot q)
x2 + y2 – 2x – 15 = 0[But [x + n] = [x] + n, n Î N] Let P be (h, k) Þ h = a cos q, k = –b cot q
\ [P + 1]2 + [P]2 – 2[P + 1] – 15 < 0 k b bh
([P] + 1)2 + [P]2 – 2([P] + 1) – 15 < 0 Þ =- Þ sin q = - and
h a sin q ak
2[P]2 – 16 < 0, [P]2 < 8 ...(1)
From the second circle h
cos q = .
([P] + 1)2 + [P]2 – 2([P] + 1) – 7 > 0 a
Þ 2[P]2 – 8 > 0, [P]2 > 4 ...(2) Y
From (1) & (2), 4 < [P]2 < 8, which is not
possible (h, k) P
\ for no values of ‘P’ the point will be within
B
X
the region. A O
12. (a) Given line is y = mx + c …(1)
and the given circle is x2 + y2 = r2 …(2)
Square and add,
Solving (1) and (2), we get
b 2h 2 h2 b2 a2
(1 + m 2 )x 2 + 2mcx + c 2 - r 2 = 0 …(3) Þ + =1 Þ +1 =
a 2k 2 a2 k2 h2
For two real distinct points of intersection,
both the roots of (3) must be real and distinct.
 EBD_7588
168 Mathematics Objective MCQs
18. (c) The equation of the circle S is
a2 b2
Þ - =1 x 2 + ( y - 2 )2 = r 2 ....(1)
h2 k2
Let the coordinates of any point on this circle
a2 b2 be (h, k), then
Hence, locus of P is -
=1
x 2 y2 h 2 + (k - 2 ) 2 = r 2
15. (d) Equation of the normal to the hyperbola
Þ k = 2 ± r2 - h2 ....(2)
x2 y2 Since the above value of k contains a constant
- = 1 at the point (a sec a, b tan a) is
a 2 b2 irrational number 2 , therefore, the only
given by possible rational value of k is 0. Hence,
ax cos a + by cot a = a2 + b2
Normals at q, f are 2 2
2 ± r2 - h2 = 0 Þ r - h = 2
ìï ax cos q + by cot q = a 2 + b 2
í Þ h = ± r2 - 2
2 2 Thus, we have following cases
ïî ax cos f + by cot f = a + b
(i) If r 2 – 2 is a perfect square, there will be
p
where f = – q and these passes through (h, k) two rational points, viz., ( r 2 - 2 , 0) and
2
\ ah cos q + bk cot q = a2 + b2
(- r 2 - 2 , 0) on S.
Þ ah sin q + bk tan q = a2 + b2
(ii) If r 2 – 2 is not a perfect square, there will
Eliminating h, bk (cot q sin q – tan q cos q ) be no rational point on S.
= (a2 + b2) (sin q – cos q ) or k = – (a2 + b2)/b \ there can be at most two rational points on S.
16. (d) Equation of circle having radius r and 19. (a) The equation of the circle through (1, 0),
centre (3, 4) is (0, 1) and (0, 0) is x2 + y2 – x – y = 0
= (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = r2 It passes through (2k, 3k)
if it is passing through (0, 0) So, 4k2 + 9k2 – 2k – 3k = 0 or 13k2 – 5k = 0
\ (0 – 3)2 + (0 – 4)2 = r2
Þ r2 = 25 5
Þ k(13k – 5) = 0 Þ k = 0 or k =
equation of circle is 13
(x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 25 But k ¹ 0 [Q all the four points are distinct]
putting y = 0 5
\ x = 6 unit = interception x-axis \ k= .
intercept on y axis (putting x = 0) is 13
20. (a) Equation of the ellipse is 3x2 + 4y2 = 12
y = 8 unit x2 y2
Þ + =1 .... (1)
x2 y2 4 3
17. (c) Equation of ellipse is + =1
16 8 3 1
Eccentricity e1 = 1 - =
where, a = 4, b = 2 2 4 2
So, the foci of ellipse are (1, 0) and (– 1, 0)
b2 8 1 Let the equation of the required hyperbola be
Eccentricity, e = 1 - 2
= 1- =
a 16 2 x2 y2
Area is maximum when vertex is (0, b) - =1 ...... (2)
a 2 b2
1 Given 2a = 2 sin q Þ a = sin q
\ Maximum area = ´ 2ae ´ b Since the ellipse (1) and the hyperbola (2) are
2
confocal, so
1 1 the foci of hyperbola are (1, 0) and (– 1, 0) too.
= ´ 2´ 4´ 2 2 ´ = 8 sq. units
2 2 If the eccentricity, of hyperbola be e2 then
ae2 = 1 Þ sin q e2 = 1 Þ e2 = cosec q
Conic Sections 169
\ b = a (e – 1) = sin q (cosec q – 1) = cos q
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
23. (d) Equations of the circles are
\ Required equation of the hyperbola is x2 + y2 = 4 …(1)
and x2 + y2 = 2x + 2y …(2)
x2 y2
– = 1 Þ x2 cosec2 q – y2 sec2 q = 1 Centre of (1) is C1 º (0, 0) ; Radius of (1) = r1 = 2 ;
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
21. (a) The equation of normal to the hyperbola Centre of (2) is C 2 º (1, 1); Radius of (2) = r2 = 2
d = distance between centres
x2 y2
- = 1 in terms of slope 'm' is = C1C 2 = 1 + 1 = 2
a2 b2
If q is the angle of intersection of two circles,
m( a 2 + b 2 ) then
y = mx ± ; Given line
a 2 - b2 m 2 r12 + r22 - d2 (2)2 + ( 2)2 - ( 2 )2 1
cosq = = =
25 3 2r1r2 2.2. 2 2
y = mx +
3 p
\ q=
x 2 y2 4
and conic - = 1 which is hyperbola
16 9 x2 y2
24. (c) – =1
with a2 = 16, b2 = 9 a2 b2
By comparing given line with equation of
normal we get Hyperbola passes through 3 5, 1 ( )
2 2
m( a + b ) 25 3
(3 5 )
2
± =+ 1
2
a -b m 2 2 3 \ – =1
2
a b2
m (16 + 9) 25 3 45 1
Þ =- –
2 3 =1 ... (i)
16 - 9m a 2
b2
25m
=-
25 3 2b2
Þ Now length of latus rectum =
16 - 9m 2 3 a
2 16 4 4 2b2
Þ 9m 2 = 3(16 - 9m 2 ) Þ m = = Þ =
12 3 3 a
2 2 b2 3b2
Þ m=± Þ = Þ a= ... (ii)
3 3 a 2
22. (a) We have x2 + y2 + 4y – 5 = 0. Its centre is Putting the value of ‘a’ from equation (ii) in
C1 (0, – 2) , equation (i),
r1 = 4 + 5 = 3 . Let C2 (h, k) be the centre of the 45 ´ 4 1 20 1
smaller circle and its radius r2. Then C1C2 = 4. Þ 4
– 2 =1Þ 4
– =1
9b b b b2
2 2 ...(1)
Þ h + ( k + 2) = 3 + r2 = 4
20 – b2 = b4
Þ r2 = 1 b4 + b2 – 20 = 0
But k = r2 = 1 b4 + 5b2 – 4b2 – 20 = 0
[it touches x-axis]
b2 (b2 + 5) – 4(b2 + 5) = 0
\ From eq (1), 4 = h 2 + (1 + 2) 2 (b2 – 4) (b2 + 5) = 0
Þ 16 = h 2 + 9 Þ h 2 = 7 Þ h = ± 7 b2 = 4, b2 = –5
\ b2 = 4 Þ b = 2
Since h > 0 \ h = 7 Now length of conjugate axis= 2b = 2(2) = 4
Hence, required circle is
( x - 7 ) 2 + ( y - 1) 2 = 1
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170 Mathematics Objective MCQs
25. (b) Any point on the line at a distance r from the Since DOAB is equilateral triangle, therefore
point P (a, b) is (a + r cos q, b + r sin q) OA = AB = OB = 2l.
Also, OM2 + AM2 = OA2
If this point lies on x2 + y2 = a2 , then
a 2 (b 2 + l 2 )
a 2 + r 2 cos2 q + 2ar cos q + b2 + r 2 sin 2 θ + 2br \ + l 2 = 4l 2
sin q = a2 b2
Þ r 2 + 2r (a cos q + b sin q) + a 2 + b 2 = a 2 a 2b 2
we get l 2 =
3b 2 - a 2
Þ r 2 + 2r (a cos q + b sin q) + a 2 + b2 - a 2 = 0
a 2b 2
Now, if PA = r1 and PB = r2, then r1 and r2 must Since l2 > 0 \ > 0 Þ 3b 2 - a 2 > 0
2 2
be roots of this equation. 3b - a
\ PA . PB = r1. r2 = a2 + b2 – a2 2
26. (b) Radius of the circle = perpendicular Þ 3a (e - 1) - a 2 > 0 Þ e >
2 2
3
4 29. (b) Length of chord
distance of (2, 3) from x + y = 1 is =2 2
2 = 2{(radius)2 – (length of ^ from centre of
\ The required equation will be chord)2}1/2
(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 8 Þ x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 5 = 0 1/ 2
ì æ ö ü
2
27. (b) Centres of the circle are ï 2 ç -1 ï
= 2 ír - ÷ ý
(l1 ,0), (l 2 ,0) and (l 3 ,0) ç 2 2 ÷
ï è (1/ a ) + (1/ b ) ø ïþ
\ Given l 22 = l1l3 î

Any point on x 2 + y 2 = c 2 is (c cos q, c sin q) r 2 ( a 2 + b 2 ) - a 2b 2

=2
The length of tangents from this point to the a 2 + b2
given circles are :
30. (d) Given circle : x2 + y2 – 7x + 9y + 5 = 0
t 12 = -2l1c cos q , t 22 = -2l 2 c cos q ,
æ 7 -9 ö
\ Centre = çè , ÷ø
t 32 = -2l 3c cos q 2 2
Clearly, ( t 22 ) 2 = t12 . t 32 Þ (Q l22 = l1l 3 ) 49 81 110
Radius = + -5 =
4 4 2
\ t12 , t 22 , t 32 are in G.P. hence t 1, t 2 , t 3 are also
in G.P. B
28. (d) Let the length of the double ordinate be 2l.
\ AB = 2l and AM = BM = l
Clearly ordinate of point A is l. M
Y
30°
A A L C
Since, DABC is an equilateral
\ ÐMAL = 30°, ÐMLA = 90°
M X
O 110
Also MA =
2
B
110 3 330
\ AL = MA cos 30° = ´ =
The abscissa of the point A is given by 2 2 4
x2 l2 a b2 + l2 330
- = 1Þ x = \ side of D = 2.AL =
2
a 2 b2 b
3 2 3 330
æ 2 2 ö Area of equilateral D = a = ´
ça b +l ÷
\ A is çç , l ÷÷
4 4 4
b 165
è ø = 3 sq.units
8
Conic Sections 171

31. (c) Let ( x1 , y1 ) be their point of intersection then cos 2 q sin 2 q

+
x12 y12 1 a2 b2
x12 - y12 = c 2 …(1) + =1 …(2) Þ =
2
a 2
b 2
p (e cos q - 1) 2
æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö b2
Þ x 12 ç 2 - 2 ÷ + y12 ç 2 + 2 ÷ = 0 …(3) cos 2 q + 1 - cos 2 q
èa c ø èb c ø b2 2
Þ = a
Now tangents to the curves are xx1 - yy1 = c 2 p2 (e cos q - 1) 2
xx 1yy æ b2 ö
and + 21 = 1 ç
a2 b - 1÷ cos 2 q + 1
ç a2 ÷
The tangents are perpendicular, so =è ø
x1 b2 x (e cos q - 1) 2
´ - 2 1 = -1 Þ b 2 x12 - a 2 y12 = 0 …(4)
y1 a y1 1 - e 2 cos 2 q
1 + e cos q
= =
Eliminating x 12 and y12 from (3) and (4) (e cos q - 1) 1 - e cos q
2

we get, Now SP = a (1 – e cos q)

c2 - a 2 - (b 2 + c 2 ) 2a 2a 1 + e cos q b 2
= Þ a 2 - b 2 = 2c 2 \ -1 = -1 = =
a 2 b2c2 a 2b 2c2 SP a (1 - e cos q) 1 - e cos q p 2
32. (d) The centre of two circles are C1 (2, 2) and 34. (c) The given circles
C2 (0, 0). The radii of two circles are r1 = 2 2 are concentric with
centre at (0, 0) and the
and r 2 = 4 length of the O
Y perpendicular from (0, p
0) on the given line is A B
B p. Let OL = p P L Q

C1
then, AL = OA 2 - OL2 = a 2 - p 2
X
C2 A and PL = OP 2 - OL2 = b 2 - p 2

Þ AP = a 2 - p 2 - b 2 - p 2

The eq. of the common chord of the circles 35. (b) S1 = x2 + y 2 + 2ax + cy + a = 0
x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y = 0 and x2 + y2 = 16 is x + y = 4 S2 = x 2 + y 2 - 3ax + dy - 1 = 0
which meets the circle x2 + y2 = 16 at points Equation of common chord of circles
A(4, 0) and B(0, 4). Obviously OA ^ OB. Hence,
the common chord AB makes a right angle at the S1 and S2 is given by S1 - S2 = 0
centre of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 . Where, O is Þ 5ax + (c - d ) y + a + 1 = 0
the origin and the centre C2 of the second circle. Given that 5x + by – a = 0 passes through P
33. (b) Let the point P be (a cos q, b sin q) and Q
\ The two equations should represent the
x y same line
The tangent at P is cos q + sin q = 1 ....(i)
a b a c - d a +1
The perpendicular distance p of S (ae, 0) Þ = = Þ a + 1 = -a 2
1 b -a
2 (e cos q - 1) 2 Þ a2 + a + 1 = 0
form (i) is given by p =
cos 2 q sin 2 q No real value of a.
+
a2 b2
 EBD_7588
172 Mathematics Objective MCQs
36. (c) The centre of the circle is C(1, 1) and Þ Given curve is a hyperbola where focus is
radius of the circle is 2, perpendicular distance
from C on AB, the chord æ1 1ö
ç , ÷ and directrix is 3x + 4 y - 7 = 0 . Latus
x+y= 3 è 2 5ø
rectum is a line passing through the focus and
parallel to the directrix.
Þ Eq. of the latus rectum is
C
1 3æ 1ö
y- = - çx - ÷.
2 5 4è 2ø
x2 y 2
A B 39. (d) Equation of the ellipse is + =1
D 9 1
x+y=3 An end of the major axis A be say (3, 0) and an
end of the minor axis B be say (0, 1). Equation of
1+1 - 3 1 AB is therefore.
CD = =
2 2 x y
+ =1 ... (1)
1 7 3 1
\AD = 4 - = [AD = AC 2 - CD 2 ]
2 2 Y
Hence, the length of the chord
7 M
AB = 2AD = 2 = 14 B (0,1)
2
37. (d) We know the tangent to the parabola
N O
X
y2 = 4ax at (at2, 2at) is ty = x + at 2 . Here a = 2
A (3, 0)
So, the tangent at (2t2, 4t) to the parabola
y2 = 8x is ty = x + 2t2 ...(i)
1
'm' of (i) is ; (i) makes 45° with y = 3x + 5 if
t Equation of the auxiliary circle is x2 + y2 = 9
1 .... (2)
-3 Solving the equation (1) and (2) we get
t 1 - 3t
= 2
tan 45° = 1 t +3 æ xö x2 2x
1 + .3 x2 + ç 1 - ÷ = 9 Þ x 2 +1 + - = 9
t è 3ø 9 3
1 - 3t 1 - 3t Þ 5x2 – 3x – 36 = 0 Þ (5x + 12) (x – 3) = 0
\1 = ; or = ±1; or 1 - 3t = t + 3, - t - 3 12 1 æ 12 ö 9
t+3 t +3 \ x= - Þ y =1 - ç- ÷ =
5 3è 5 ø 5
1
\ 4t = –2 or 2t = 4. \t = - or 2 æ 12 9 ö
2 \ Coordinates of M are ç - , ÷
Putting in (i), the tangents have the equations è 5 5ø
1 1 1 1 9 27
- y = x + 2. i.e. 2 x + y + 1 = 0 Area of D AOM = . OA . MN = × 3 × =
2 4 2 2 5 10
and 2y = x + 2 . 4 i.e. x – 2y + 8 = 0 40. (a) Polar of the circle is xx '+ yy ' = a 2 , but it
is given by
38. (a) Given, hyperbola is
x ' y ' a2
(10x - 5) 2 + (10y - 2) 2 = 9(3x + 4 y - 7) 2 Ax + By + C = 0 , then = =
A B -C
2 2 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö 9 æ 3x + 4 y - 7 ö æ a2 A a2 B ö
Þ çx - ÷ +çy - ÷ = ç ÷
è 2ø è 5ø 4è 5 ø Hence pole is çç -C , -C ÷÷
è ø
Conic Sections 173
41. (c) Let R (–4a, k) be any point on the line Given that the two tangents intersect at right
x = – 4a. The equation of chord of contact PQ a
w.r.t. P (–4a, k) is angle so m1. m2 = –1 or = -1 or h + a = 0
h
The locus of T(h, k) is x + a = 0, which is the

P equation of directrix.
43. (b) Let the two given circles be
x2 + y2 + 2g1x + c = 0 ...(1)
R (–4a, k) A
and x2 + y2 + 2g2x + c = 0 ...(2)
Their centres are A (–g1, 0) and B (– g2, 0)
Q \ AB = g1 – g2
x = –4a Let P be the point (x1, y1). Then,
y . k = 2a (x – 4a) ...(1)
Making equation of parabola y2 = 4ax PT = x12 + y12 + 2g1 x1 + c ;
homogeneous using (1), we get
æ 2ax - yk ö PT = x 12 + y12 + 2g 2 x1 + c
y2 = 4ax ç ÷
è 8a 2 ø Radical axis of (1) and (2) is 2 (g1 – g2) x = 0 or x
2 2 2 2 = 0,
Þ 8a x - 8a y - 4akxy = 0
PN = length of ^ from P on radical axis = x1.
This represents the pair of straight lines AP
and AQ. Since coefficient of x2 + coefficient of \ PT 2 - PT ' 2
y2 = 0 \ ÐPAQ = 90º i.e. chord of contact PQ
subtends a right angle at the vertex.
42. (c) Let the two tangents to the parabola = ( x12 + y12 + 2g1x1 + c) - (x12 + y12 + 2g 2 x1 + c)
y2 = 4ax be PT and QT which are at right angle to = 2x1 (g1 – g2) = 2 PN. AB
one another at T(h, k). Then we have to find the
locus of T(h, k). 44. (b) a2 – b2 = 512 Þ (a + b) (a – b) = 29
a Þ (a + b, a – b) = (28, 2), (27, 22), (26, 23), (25, 24)
We know that y = mx + , where m is the Since, a > b, a + b > a – b therefore the other
m combinations like (24, 25) etc cannot be
slope is the equation of tangent to the parabola
y2 = 4ax for all m. accepted. (29, 1) also cannot be accepted since
a and b are positive integers.
Y
45. (a) Let the point P be (a cos q, b sin q)
(h,k) P
T The equation of tangent at P is
A Y
X
DIRECTRIX

P(acosq, bsin q)
Q
X
F2 C F1

Since this tangent to the parabola will pass

through T(h, k) so
a
k = mh + ; or m 2 h - mk + a = 0 x cos q y sin q
m + =1 ...(1)
This is a quadratic equation in m so will have a b
two roots, say m1 and m2, then If d be the length of perpendicular from the centre
C(0, 0) of the ellipse to the tangent given by (1)
k a then
m1 + m 2 = , and m1 : m 2 =
h h
 EBD_7588
174 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 1 5
d= \ Slope of AB is tan q = - =
12 12
cos 2 q sin 2 q -
+ 5
a2 b2 The point (1, – 1) lies on the line AB and the
1 cos 2 q sin 2 q points A and B are at a distance 13 from the
Þ = + point (1, – 1)
d2 a2 b2 \ Coordinates of A and B are
b2 b2 5
Þ = cos 2 q + 1 - cos 2 q (1 ± 13 cos q, –1 ± 13 sin q), where tan q =
d 2
a 2 12
2æ b2 ö 2 æ 12 5ö
Þ 1-
b
= ç1 - ÷ cos q = e 2 cos 2 q i.e. ç1 ± 13 ,-1 ± 13 ÷ or (1 ± 12,-1 ± 5)
2 ç 2÷ ...(2) è 13 13 ø
d è a ø i.e. (13, 4) and (– 11, – 6)
Now, 48. (c) The standard equation of hyperbola is
2 2
(PF1 - PF2 ) = (2ae cos q) x2 y2
- =1
2 2
æ b2 ö 2 2 a2 b2
= 4a e cos q = 4a ç 1 - ÷
ç d2 ÷
è ø 2b2
Latus rectum = , Conjugate axis = 2b,
46. (c) Given parabola is y2 = 4x ...(1) a
Let P º (
t12 , )
2t1 and Q º (t 22 , 2t 2 ) Distance between the foci = 2 ae
According to the question,
2 2 t1 2
Slope of OP = = and slope of OQ = 2b 2
t12 t1 t2 =8 ...(i)
a
Since OP ^ OQ,
1 ae
4 2b = (2ae ) Þ b = ...(ii)
\ = -1 or t 1t 2 = -4 ...(2) 2 2
t1 t 2 2
Let R (h, k) be the middle point of PQ, then 2 æ ae ö
From (i) & (ii), ç ÷ =8
t 12 + t 22 aè 2ø
h= ...(3) and k = t1 + t2 ...(4)
2 a 2 e2
Þ 2. =8
From (4), k2 = t 12 + t 22
+ 2t1 t 2 = 2h - 8 [From (2) 4a
2
Þ ae = 16 ...(iii)
and (3)]
Hence locus of R (h, k) is y2 = 2x – 8. From (i), b2 = 4a Using b2 = a2 (e2 – 1) we get
47. (b) Let A, B, be the centres of the two circles, 16
(4a) = a 2 (e2 - 1) Þ 4 = 2 ( e2 - 1)
Slope of the common tangent = - 12 e
5 16 16 2
Þ 16 – 2 = 4 Þ 2 = 12 \ e = .
e e 3
49. ( )
(b) Consider two points P at12 ,2at1 and

13 13
( )
Q at 22 ,2at 2 on the parabola y2 = 4ax
A B at12
m2
(1, –1) Given : =
or t1 = mt2 ...(1)
at 22 1
Let R (h, k) be the point of intersection of
tangents at
12x + 5y – 7 = 0 P and Q.
Then, h = at1t2 and k = a (t1 + t2)
Conic Sections 175
2
Þ h = amt 2 and k = a (mt2 + t2) x2 y2
Let the ellipse be + =1 ....(1)
[Using (1)] a2 b2
h k
Þ t 22 = and t 2 = b2
am a (m + 1) Then e 2 = 1 - ....(2)
a2
Equating the two values of t2, we Let a point P on (1) be (a cosq, b sinq).
k2 h The coordinates of foci are S1 (ae, 0) and S2 (–ae, 0).
get =
2
a (m + 1) 2 am Hence, S1P = a (1 - e cos q)
2
S2 P = a (1 + e cos q) and S1S2 = 2ae
(m + 1) 2 æ 1 ö If (h, k) be the coordinates of in centre then
Þ k2 = ah Þ k 2 = ahçç m + ÷÷
m è mø 2ae ´ a cos q + a (1 - e cos q) ´ -ae + a (1 + e cos q) ´ ae
h=
2ae + a (1 - e cos q) + a (1 + e cos q)
1 1
-
\ Required locus is y2 = ax (m 2 + m 2 ). 2ae cos q
= ....(3)
1+ e
50. (d) Y
be sin q
k= ....(4)
1+ e
2
Squaring and adding (3) & (4) we have,
F (0, 3) x = 12y
L 2
M h2 k2 æ e ö
+ =ç ÷
4a 2 b 2
è1+ e ø
\ The locus of the point (h, k) is
X
X' V (0, 0) x2 y2 e
+ = 1 , where l =
.
4a l 2 2
b l 2 2 1 + e
Which is another ellipse with eccentricity

b2 3 + e2
= 1- =
4a 2 4
Y' 52. (b) Given: x2 – y2 sec2 q = 4 and
Given parabola is x2 = 12y which is of the form x2 sec2 q + y2 = 16
x2 = 4ay. x2 y2 x2 y2
Þ 4a = 12 Þ a = 3 Þ - = 1 and + =1
Now, LM is the latus rectum whose length = 4a 4 4 cos 2 q 16 cos 2 q 16
= 4 × 3 = 12 According to problem
1 4 + 4cos 2 q æ 16 - 16 cos 2 q ö
So, area of D LMV = × LM × VF. = 3ç ÷
2 4 ç 16 ÷
è ø
æ1 ö Þ 1 + cos2q = 3(1 – cos2q) Þ 4 cos2q = 2
= ç ´ 12 ´ 3 ÷ sq. unit = 18 square unit
è2 ø 1p 3p
Þ cos q = ± , Þq=
2 4 4
53. (a) Let there be a circle of radius R and AB a
P(acosq, bsinq) chord.
OD ^ AB and AD = DB.
51. (c) and AD = 2AD
S2 S1
ÐAOB = q
q
Þ ÐAOD =
2
 EBD_7588
176 Mathematics Objective MCQs
In DAOD, 56. (a) Let the coordinates of Q be (h, k). Since
q AD the point R lies on the parabola. let its
O coordinates be (at2 , 2at).
sin =
2 OA
R q R
q AD 2 Q(h, k)
sin = X
2 R A
A D B
q 2
AD = R sin R( at , 2at)
2
P(x1, y1)
q
\ Length of chord AB = 2A D = 2R sin . Since R is mid point of PQ,
2
2 x +h y1 + k
54. (b) The equations of two circles are \ at = 1 and 2at =
2 2
x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 6 y + 9 = 0 …(1)
2 x1 + h y1 + k
2 2
and x + y + 6 x - 2 y + 1 = 0 …(2) Þ t = and t =
2a 4a
Their radical axis is Equating the two values of t, we get
8x + 4y – 8 = 0 or 2x +y – 2 = 0 …(3) 2
The equation of any circle coaxial with the æ y1 + k ö x +h
ç ÷ = 1 Þ ( y1 + k ) 2 = 8a (x1 + h )
given circles is è 4 a ø 2 a
x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 6 y + 9 + l ( 2 x + y - 2) = 0 Hence, locus of Q (h, k) is
or x 2 + y 2 + ( 2l - 2) x + ( l - 6) y + (9 - 2l ) = 0 ( y + y1 ) 2 = 8a ( x + x1 )
…(4) 57. (d) Centre is (1, 2) and focus is (6, 2), hence
æ l ö the line joining the centre C and the focus S
The centre of this circle is [(1 - l ), ç 3 - ÷] (i..e., the axis) is parallel to x-axis. Therefore, the
è 2ø
…(5) equation must be of the form
2 Y
Its radius = (1 - l ) 2 + æç 3 - l ö÷ - (9 - 2l )
è 2ø P (4,6)

5l2
= - 3l + 1 A’ A
4
For limiting poins its radius = 0 C (1,2) S (6,2)
5l2 X
i.e. - 3l + 1 = 0 or 5l2 - 12 l + 4 = 0 \ O
4
2 ( x - 1) 2 ( y - 2) 2
l = 2, + =1 ...(i)
5 a2 b2
Substituting these values in (5), the limiting The distance between the centre and the focus
points are CS = ae = 6 – 1 = 5
æ 3 14 ö Also
(–1, 2) and ç , ÷
è5 5 ø b 2 = a 2 (1 - e 2 ) = a 2 - a 2 e 2 = a 2 - 25
55. (d) The equation of chord of contact of
tangents from two points (a, b) and (g, d) to the \ The equation (i) becomes
given ellipse are ( x - 1) 2 ( y - 2) 2
xg yd + =1 ....(ii)
xa yb + = 1 … (2) a2 a 2 - 25
+ = 1 … (1) and
5 2 5 2 The point (4, 6) lies on it, therefore
Since (1) and (2) are ^, ( 4 - 1) 2 (6 - 2 ) 2
-2a -2g ag 25 + = 1 Þ a 2 = 45
\ ´ = -1 Þ =- a2 a 2 - 25
5b 5d bd 4 2
\ b = 45 – 25 = 20.
Conic Sections 177
The required equation is It is clear if point P (a, 2a) lies ineterior region
( x - 1) 2 ( y - 2) 2 then ordinate Î (0, 4)Þ 0 < 2a < 4 Þ 0 < a < 2
+ = 1.
45 20 60. (b) Let P (at12 , 2at1 ) and Q (at 22 , 2at 2 ) be two
Y points on the parabola y2 = 4ax. The tangents at
P and Q intersect at T[at1t 2 , a ( t1 + t 2 )] .
3a
c Now, SP = ( at12 - a ) 2 + 2(at 1 - 0) 2

X¢ X = a ( t12 + 1) ;
– 2c – 3a O 3a 2c
SQ = a (t 22 + 1)
–c and ST = ( at1t 2 - a ) 2 + [ a ( t1 + t 2 ) - 0]2
– 3a
= a (1 + t12 )(1 + t 2 2 )
Y¢
Þ ST 2 = a 2 (1 + t 12 )(1 + t 2 2 ) = SP.SQ
9ac – 9a2 – 2c2 > 9ac – 6c2 ...(i)
Again 3a < 2c Þ 9ac < 6c2 Hence, SP, ST, SQ are in G.P.
Þ 9ac – 6c2 < 0 ...(ii) 61. (a) Q ÐFBF ' = 90° Þ FB 2 + F ¢B 2 = FF ¢ 2
From (i) and (ii), 9ac – 9a2 – 2c2 > 0
58. (d)
( ) ( )
Y 2 2
P (x,y) 2 2 2 \ a 2e2 + b2 + a 2e2 + b2 = (2ae) 2
M PM =CP –CQ

Q b2 ...(i)
2 2
Þ 2(a e + b ) = 4a e 2 2 2 Þ e2 =
a2
X B (0, b)
O C
Let the given line be the y-axis and the circle to
have the eq.
F' ( - ae, 0) O F (ae, 0)
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
then according to given condition
x 2 = ( x + g ) 2 + ( y + f ) 2 - ( g 2 + f 2 - c)
Also, e 2 = 1 - b 2 / a 2 = 1 - e2 (By using
equation (i))
æ f 2 - c ö÷ 1
Þ ( y + f ) 2 = -2gç x - Þ 2e2 = 1 Þ e =
ç
è 2g ÷ø , 2
.
62. (b) Equation of the normal to a parabola
which represents a parabola with its axis ^ to y-axis. 2
( )
y2 = 4bx at point bt1 , 2bt1 is y = – t1x + 2bt1 + bt13
Y
59. (c)
2
x = 16y
2
As given, it also passes through bt 2 , 2bt 2 then ( )
(0, 4) 2bt2 = – t1 bt22 + 2 bt1 + bt13
2
Þ 2 = – t1(t2 + t1) Þ t2 + t1 = – t
P(a,2a) 1
2
Þ t2 = – t1 –
X t1
O

Parabola x2 = 16y, axis is the y-axis, focus = (0, 4)

 EBD_7588
178 Mathematics Objective MCQs

x2 y2 65. (a) Clearly P is (a cos q, b sin q) and Q is

63. (c) Equation of ellipse is + =1
16 8 (-a sin q, b sin q) so the mid point (h, k) of PQ
will be given by
where, a = 4, b = 2 2
a cos q - a sin q b sin q + b cos q
8 b2 1 h= and k =
Eccentricity, e = 1 - 2 = 1 - = 2 2
a 16 2
4h 2 4k 2 h2 k2 1
Area is maximum when vertex is (0, b) \ + =2Þ + =
a2 b2 a2 b2 2
1
\ Maximum area = ´ 2ae ´ b
2 x2 y 2
66. (c) The ellipse can be written as, + =1
1 1 25 16
= ´ 2´ 4´ 2 2 ´ = 8 sq. units Here a2 = 25, b2 = 16, but b2 = a2 (1 – e2) Þ 16/25
2 2 = 1– e2
0 Þ e2 =1 – 16/25 = 9/25 Þ e = 3/5
64. (a)
Y 1= Foci of the ellipse are (± ae, 0) = (± 3, 0), i.e., F1
K – y+ and F2
x \ We have PF1 + PF2 = 2a = 10 for every point
ix
ctr A P on the ellipse.
re
di 67. (c) Since the axis is horizontal and vertex is
S X (–3, –2),
\ the equation of the parabola must be of the
Axis form
The length of the perpendicular drawn from the ( y + 2) 2 = 4a ( x + 3)
given focus upon the given line It passes through (1, 2), so 16 = 16a i.e a = 1.
0 - 0 +1 1 Hence, the equation of the required parabola is
x - y + 1 = 0 is =
(1) 2 + (-1) 2 2. ( y + 2) 2 = 4( x + 3) or y 2 + 4 y - 4x - 8 = 0
The directrix is parallel to the tangent at the x2 y 2
vertex. 68. (b) Given eqn of ellipse is + =1
25 16
So, the equation of the directrix is x - y + l = 0 , Þ a = 5 and b = 4
where l is a constant to be determine. Since p(x, y) moves along ellipse and C is the
But the distance between the focus and the center
directrix = 2 × (the distance between the focus \ max (CP) = 5 and min (CP) = 4
and the tangent at the vertex) \ 4 Max {cp} + 5 min (cp) = 4 × 5 + 5 × 4 = 40
1 0-0+l 69. (c) Any tangent to parabola y2 = 8x is y
= 2´ = 2 . Hence = 2. 2
2 (1) 2 + (-1) 2 = mx + ...(i)
m
\ l = 2. [l must be positive see figure] It touches the circle x 2 + y 2 - 12x + 4 = 0 , if the
\ The directrix is the line x – y + 2 =0.
Let (x, y) be a moving point on the parabola. By length of perpendicular from the centre (6, 0) is
the focus-directrix property of the parabola, its equal to radius 32 .
equation is
2
2 6m + 2
æ x-y+2ö m æ 1ö
2
( x - 0) + ( y - 0) = çç ± 2 ÷÷ \ = ± 32 Þ ç 3m + ÷ = 8(m 2 + 1)
è 2 ø m2 +1 è mø
or x2 + y2 + 2xy – 4x + 4y – 4 = 0
Conic Sections 179

Þ (3m 2 + 1)2 = 8(m 4 + m 2 ) c2 c

c 2 t i2 + + 2gct i + 2f +k =0
Þ m 4 - 2m 2 + 1 = 0 Þ m = ±1 t i2 ti
Hence, the required tangents are y = x + 2 and
Þ c 2 t i4 + 2gct 3i + kt 3i + 2fct i + c 2 = 0
y = –x – 2.
70. (c) Since the equilateral triangle is inscribed in Its roots are t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , t 4 so
the circle with centre at the origin, centroid lies
on the origin. c2
t1t 2 t 3 t 4 = =1
c2
AO 2
So, = 2g 2gc
OD 1 Also, t 1 + t 2 + t 3 + t 4 = -
=-
c2 c
and OD = 1 AO = a 73. (c) From standard equation of
2 2
So, other vertices of triangle have coordinates, x2 y2
ellipse +
= 1 , the
a 2 b2
æ a 3a ö é a 3 ù
çç - , ÷÷ and ê - , - aú co-ordinates of foci are
è 2 2 ø ë 2 2 û
B (0,b)

æ a 3a ö÷ y
ç- 90°
ç 2 2 ÷ø
è
C
S¢ S
(–ae,0) (–ae,0)
A
x
D O (a, 0) B¢ (0,–b)

S (ae, 0) and S' (–ae, 0).

B
Co-ordinate of an extremity of the minor axis is
æ a 3aö B (0, b),.
ç- , ÷
ç 2 2 ÷ Now slope of straight line
è ø
b-0 b
BS = = = m1
\ Equation of line BC is : 0 - ae - ae
and slope of straight line
a
x =- b -0 b
2 BS' = = = m2 .
0 - (-ae) ae
Þ 2x + a = 0
71. (b) The equation of circle, which touches both Q SB ^ BS' , so m1.m 2 = -1 or
the axes, is given by
x2 + y2 – 2rx – 2ry + r2 = 0 ....... (i) b b b2
´ = -1; or = e2
Now, the centre (r, r) of this circle lies on the line - ae ae a2
x+y=4 But
r+r=4Þr=2
b2
\ Put value of r in Eq. (i), we get b 2 = a 2 (1 - e 2 ); or = 1 - e 2 ; or e 2 = 1 - e 2 .
x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0 a2
which is required equation of circle, 1
72. (b) Let the points lie on the circle or 2e 2 = 1; or e = .
2
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + 2fy + k = 0, then
 EBD_7588
180 Mathematics Objective MCQs
74. (c) When two circles A and B of equal radii In the figure shown,
pass through the centres of each other, the angle OQ = OP = r, and distance of centre C, from
made by arc of B at the centre of B is 90°. origin, O is CO
So, length of small arc of B =
2pr90° pr r> OC i.e. r > (-g)2 + (-f )2
=
360° 2
Hence, circumference of A cut off by the circle B
or, ( - g ) 2 + ( -f ) 2 - c > ( -g ) 2 + ( - f ) 2

pr 3pr or, g2 + f2 – c > g2 + f2

= 2pr - = or, – c > 0
2 2
or, c < 0
pr / 2 1 78. (c) Let the equation of the ellipse be
\ Required ratio = =
3pr / 2 3
75. (b) Coordinates of the centre of given circle x2 y2
+ =1
2 2 2 2 a 2 b2
= (a, a) and radius = (a) + (a) -a = a =a Let e be the eccentricity of the ellipse.
y
Since distance between foci = 2h
\ 2ae = 2h Þ e = h ...(1)
Focal distance of one end of minor axis say (0, b)
(0, 5) B O is k
(a, a) \ a + e (0) = k Þ a = k ...(2)
A From (1) and (2), b2 = a2 (1 – e2) = k2 – h2
x¢ x
(5, 0) \ The equation of the ellipse is
x2 y2
+ =1.
y¢ k2 k2 - h2
79. (b) Length of latus rectum of an ellipse is
\ (a - 5)2 + (a )2 = (a) 2
Þ a2 + 25 – 10a = 0 Þ (a – 5 )2 = 0 Þ a = 5 2b2
where b is semi minor axis and a is semi-
a
Then, other root will always real.
2b2
76. (c) x = 2 cos t + sin t major axis. As given, =b
a
x 2 y2
y = 5(cos t - sin t ) Þ + = 2 Þ Ellipse b 1
4 25 Þ 2b = a Þ =
77. (b) For a circle to meet x-axis in two points on a 2
the opposite side of the origin its radius r,
should be more the distance of its centre from b2
We know that eccentricity e = 1 -
the origin. a2
Co-ordinate of centre of the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx
+ 2fy + c = 0 is (– g, – f): 1 3
= 1- =
4 2
80. (a) Given equation of ellipse is
P r (g, – f)
C x 2 y2
O + =1
(0, 0)
4 9
Q
x2 y2
Þ + = 1 Þ a = 2 and b = 3
( 2 )2 ( 3)2
Length of major axis = 2a = 4
Conic Sections 181
Since, we have
Sum of the focal distances of a point on ellipse 91
Similarly, cos q = ±
= length of major axis. 14
\ Required Ans = 4 units.
æ 2 91 3 105 ö
So the points are çç ÷;
81. (a) Let P (x, y) be any point on the hyperbola ,
and PM is perpendicular from P on the directrix, 7 14 ÷
è ø
Then by definition, SP = e PM
Þ (SP)2 = e2 (PM)2 æ 2 91 3 105 ö
Þ (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 3 ç- ,- ÷
ç 7 14 ÷
è ø
2
ì 2 x + y - 1ü
í ý (Q e = 3) p 3p
î 4 +1 þ Interchange q by + q and +q.
2 2
Þ 5 (x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 5) 84. (b) If a and b > 0, then graphic representation
= 3 (4x2 + y2 + 1 + 4xy – 2y – 4x) would be as follows :
Þ 7x2 – 2y2 + 12xy – 2x + 14y – 22 = 0
Which is the required hyperbola.
2
82. (a) a 2 - b 2 = ± ae (0, ae) S2 = y – 4bx = 0
So, the points are (ae, 0) and (0, –ae). 2
S1 = y – 4ax = 0
x y
Let cos q + sin q = 1 be a tangent then sum
a b
of squares of perpendicular from these points
is
2 2
æ ae ö æ ae ö
ç1 - sin q ÷ + ç1 + sin q ÷
b b
=è ø è ø
S2 will contain S1,
cos 2 q sin 2 q
+ if latusrectum of S2 > latusrectum of S1
a2 b2 Þ 4b > 4a
æ a 2e2 ö \ b>a>0
2 ç1 + sin 2 q ÷
ç b 2 ÷ 85. (d) The given equation of curve is
= è ø 4x2 – 9y2 = 1
2 2
cos q sin q
+ x2 y2
a2 b2 Þ - =1
1/ 4 1/ 9
æ b 2 + (a 2 - b 2 ) sin 2 q ö This is an equation of a hyperbola which does
= 2a 2 çç 2 2
÷
2 ÷ = 2a
2
è b (1 - sin q) + a sin q ø not intersect with conjugate axes.
Hence, no point of intersection exists.
83. (a) Let the point is (4 cos q, 3 sin q) 86. (d) Given, x = 2 – 3 sec t, y = 1 + 4 tan t
According to question, x-2 y -1
Þ sec t = , tan t =
2 -3 4
æ 4+3ö
(4 cos) 2 + (3 sin q) 2 = ç ÷ ...(1) Since, sec2t – tan2 t = 1
è 2 ø
( x - 2) 2 ( y - 1) 2
49 15 \ - =1,
From (1) 16 – 7 sin2q = Þ sin 2 q = 9 16
4 28 which is a hyperbola with centre at (2,1) and

\ sin q = ±
1 15
=±
105 eccentricity e, given by 16 = 9(e 2 - 1)
2 7 14
25 5
Þ 9e 2 = 25 Þ e 2 = Þe=
9 3
 EBD_7588
182 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Þ A2 = a2 + l and B2 = b2 + l
87. (b) If the tangent y = mx ± a 2 m 2 + b 2
passes through (x1, y1) then (y1 – mx1)2 = a2m2 B2 b2 + l
Eccentricity, e = 1 – = 1–
+ b2 A2 a2 + l
or (x12
- a )m 2 2
– 2x1 y1m + y12 2
- b = 0 . If
the roots be m1 and m2 then
a 2 + l – b2 – l
=
2x1y1 y12 -b 2
a2 + l
m1 + m 2 = and m1m 2 =
x12 -a 2
x12 -a 2
a 2 – b2
Given : tan 2 q1 + tan 2 q 2 = constant = k (say) =
a2 + l
Þ m12 + m 22 = k or (m1 + m 2 ) 2 - 2m1m 2 = k l is in the denominator so, when l
increases, the eccentricity decreases.
4x 2 y2 2(y12 - b 2 ) 90. (d)
Þ - =k
(x12 - a 2 )2 (x12 - a 2 )
Y
or
4x12 y12 - 2(x12 - a 2 )( y12 - b 2 ) = k ( x12 - a 2 ) 2 2
Hence locus of P is F (0, 3) x = 12y
L
M
4x 2 y 2 - 2(x 2 - a 2 )( y 2 - b 2 ) = k ( x 2 - a 2 ) 2

x2 y 2 X
88. (d) Given equation of ellipse E is + =1
9 4 X' V (0, 0)

4x2 + 9 y 2
Þ =1 Þ 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36
36
Þ 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 - 36 = 0 (1) ...(1)
And C : eqn of circle is x2 + y2 = 9
Which can be rewritten as Y'
x + y -9=0
2 2
(2) ...(2)
For a point P (1, 2) we have Given parabola is x2 = 12y which is of the form
x2 = 4ay.
4 (1) + 9 ( 2 ) - 36 = 40 - 36 > 0 [fromfrom
2 2
(1)] (1) Þ 4a = 12 Þ a = 3
Now, LM is the latus rectum whose length = 4a
and 12 + 22 - 9 = 5 - 9 < 0 [from (2)] from (2)= 4 × 3 = 12
\ Point P lies outside of E and inside of C.
1
89. (b) Equation of the given conic is an equation So, area of D LMV = × LM × VF.
of ellipse 2

x2 y2
æ1 ö
+ (x ³ 0) = ç ´ 12 ´ 3 ÷ sq. unit
è2 ø
a2 + l b2 + l
= 18 square unit
 Introduction to Three
12 Dimensional Geometry
1. If the sum of the squares of the distance of the are the coordinates of D?
point ( x, y, z) from the points ( a, 0, 0) and ( –a , 0, 0) æ 1 ö æ 1 11ö
is 2c2, then which one of the following is correct? (a) çè – , 2,11÷ø (b) ç – , –2, ÷
è 2
(a) x2 + a2 = 2c2 – y2 – z2 2 2ø
(b) x2 + a2 = c2 – y2 – z2 (c) (–1, 2, 11) (d) (–5, –11, 19)
(c) x2 – a2 = c2 – y2 – z2 9. The equation of locus of a point whose distance
(d) x2 + a2 = c2 + y2 + z2 from the y-axis is equal to its distance from the
2. The ordered pair (l, m) such that the points (l,m, – 6), point (2, 1, –1) is
(3, 2, – 4) and (9, 8, – 10) become collinear is (a) x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 6
(a) (3, 4) (b) (5, 4)
(c) (4, 5) (d) (4, 3) (b) x2 - 4 x + 2 z + 6 = 0
3. The co-ordinates of the point in which the line
joining the points (3, 5, –7) and (–2, 1, 8) is (c) y 2 - 2 y - 4x + 2z + 6 = 0
intersected by the plane yz are given by
(d) x 2 + y 2 - z 2 = 0
æ 13 ö æ 13 ö 10. The ratio in which the join of points (1, –2, 3) and
(a) çè 0, , 2÷ø (b) çè 0, – , –2 ÷ø (4, 2, –1) is divided by XOY plane is
5 5
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 3 : 1
æ 13 2 ö æ 13 2 ö (c) –1 : 3 (d) None of these
(c) çè 0, – , ÷ø (d) çè 0, , ÷ø 11. Points (1, 1, 1), (–2, 4, 1), (–1, 5, 5) and (2, 2, 5) are
5 5 5 5
4. If P(3, 2, – 4), Q(5, 4, – 6) and R(9, 8, –10) are the vertices of a
collinear, then R divides PQ in the ratio (a) Rectangle (b) Square
(a) 3 : 2 internally (b) 3 : 2 externally (c) Parallelogram (d) Trapezium
(c) 2 : 1 internally (d) 2 : 1 externally 12. If x co-ordinates of a point P of line joining the
5. Points ( –2, 4, 7), (3, –6, –8) and (1, –2, –2) are points Q (2, 2, 1) and R (5, 2, – 2) is 4, then the
(a) Collinear z-coordinates of P is
(b) Vertices of an equilateral triangle (a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) Vertices of an isosceles triangle 13. A parallelopiped is formed by planes drawn
(d) None of these through the points (2, 4, 5) and (5, 9, 7) parallel to
6. Which of the following statement is true ? the coordinate planes. The length of the diagonal
(a) The point A(0, –1), B(2,1), C(0,3) and D(–2, 1) of the parallelopiped is
are vertices of a rhombus.
(b) The points A(–4, –1), B(–2, –4), C(4, 0) and (a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 11
D(2, 3) are vertices of a square. 14. The co-ordinates of the points A and B are (2 , 3, 4)
(c) The points A(–2, –1), B(1, 0), C(4, 3) and and (–2, 5, –4) respectively. If a point P moves so
D(1, 2) are vertices of a parallelogram. that PA2 – PB2 = k where k is a constant, then the
(d) None of these locus of P is
7. Find the equation of set points P such that (a) –8x + 4y – 16z + 16 = k
PA2 + PB2 = 2K2, where A and B are the points (b) –8x – 4y – 16z – 16 = k
(3, 4, 5) and (–1, 3, –7), respectively : (c) –8x + 4y – 16z – 16 = k
(a) K2 – 109 (b) 2K 2 – 109 (d) None of these
(c) 3K2 – 109 (d) 4K 2 – 10 15. What is the perpendicular distance of the point
8. ABC is a triangle and AD is the median. If the P(6, 7, 8) from xy-plane?
coordinates of A are ( 4, 7, – 8)and the coordinates (a) 8 (b) 7
of centroid of the triangle ABC are (1, 1, 1), what (c) 6 (d) None of these
 EBD_7588
184 Mathematics Objective MCQs
16. P (a, b, c); Q (a + 2, b + 2, c – 2) and (a) internally in the ratio 2 : 3
R (a + 6, b + 6, c – 6) are collinear. (b) externally in the ratio 2 : 3
Consider the following statements : (c) internally in the ratio 3 : 2
1. R divides PQ internally in the ratio 3 : 2 (d) externally in the ratio 3 : 2
2. R divides PQ externally in the ratio 3 : 2 25. Let A(4, 7, 8), B(2, 3, 4), C(2, 5, 7) be the
3. Q divides PR internally in the ratio 1 : 2
vertices of a triangle ABC. The length of internal
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct ? bisector of ÐA is
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 3 34 3
17. What is the locus of a point which is equidistant (a) (b) 34
from the points (1, 2, 3) and (3, 2, – 1) ? 2 2
(a) x + z = 0 (b) x – 3z = 0 2 34
(c) x – z = 0 (d) x – 2z = 0 (c) 34 (d)
3 3
18. If x co-ordinates of a point P of line joining the
points Q (2, 2, 1) and R (5, 2, – 2) is 4, then the 26. A(3, 2, 0), B(5, 3, 2) and C(–9, 6, – 3) are the vertices
z-coordinates of P is of a triangle ABC. If the bisector of ÐABC meets
(a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 2 BC at D, then coordinates of D are
19. L is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from a point æ 19 57 17 ö æ 19 57 17 ö
P(6, 7, 8) on the xy-plane. What are the (a) ç 8 , 16 ,16 ÷ (b) ç - , , ÷
è ø è 8 16 16 ø
coordinates of point L?
(a) (6, 0, 0) (b) (6, 7, 0) æ 19 57 17 ö
(c) (6, 0, 8) (d) none of these (c) ç 8 , - 16 ,16 ÷ (d) None of these
è ø
20. If the origin is shifted (1, 2 – 3) without changing
27. The coordinates of point in xy-plane which is
the directions of the axis, then find the new
equidistant from three points A (2, 0, 3), B (0, 3, 2)
coordinates of the point (0, 4, 5) with respect to
and C (0, 0, 1) are
new frame.
(a) (3, 2, 0) (b) (3, 4, 0)
(a) (–1, 2, 8) (b) (4, 5, 1)
(c) (0, 0, 3) (d) (2, 3, 0)
(c) (3, –2, 4) (d) (6, 0, 8)
28. Ratio in which the zx-plane divides the join of
21. The ratio in which the line joining (2, 4, 5), (3, 5, – 4)
(1, 2 3) and (4, 2, 1).
is divided by the yz plane, is
(a) 1 : 1 internally (b) 1 : 1 externally
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 (c) – 2 : 3 (d) 4 : – 3
(c) 2 : 1 internally (d) 2 : 1 externally
22. The points (5, 2, 4), (6, –1, 2) and (8, –7, k) are
29. The points (4, 7, 8), (2, 3, 4), (–1, –2, 1) and (1, 2, 5)
collinear if k is equal to
are the vertices of a
(a) –2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) – 1
(a) parallelogram (b) rhombus
23. What are coordinates of the point equidistant
(c) rectangle (d) square
from the points (a, 0, 0), (0, a, 0), (0, 0, a) and (0, 0, 0) ?
30. In DABC the mid-point of the sides AB, BC and
æa a aö
(a) æç a , a , a ö÷
CA are respectively (l, 0, 0), (0, m, 0) and (0, 0, n).
(b) ç , , ÷
è3 3 3ø è2 2 2ø AB2 + BC2 + CA 2
(c) (a, a, a) (d) (2a, 2a, 2a) Then, is equal to
l 2 + m2 + n 2
24. The xy-plane divides the line joining the points
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16
(–1, 3, 4) (2, – 5, 6)

Answer KEYs
1 (b) 4 (b) 7 (b) 10 (b) 13 (c) 16 (d) 19 (b) 22 (a) 25 (c) 28 (b)
2 (b) 5 (a) 8 (b) 11 (b) 14 (c) 17 (d) 20 (a) 23 (b) 26 (a) 29 (a)
3 (a) 6 (c) 9 (c) 12 (b) 15 (a) 18 (b) 21 (a) 24 (d) 27 (a) 30 (c)
Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry 185

1. (b) Let the point be P(x, y, z) and two points, Since diagonals are equals therefore it is a square,
(a, 0, 0) and (– a, 0, 0) be A and B not rhombus
As given in the problem, PA2 + PB2 = 2c2 (b) Here AB = 22 + (–3)2 = 13 , BC
so, (x + a)2 + (y – 0)2 + (z – 0)2
+ (x – a)2 + (y – 0)2 + (z – 0)2 = 2c2 = 6 2 + 4 2 = 52
or, (x + a) + y2 + z2 + (x – a)2 + y2 + z2 = 2c2
2
Since AB ¹ BC therefore it is not square.
Þ x2 + 2a + a2 + y2 + z2 + x2 – 2a + a2 + y2 + z2 = 2c2 (c) In this case mid point of AC is
Þ 2(x2 + y2 + z2 + a2) = 2c2 æ 4 - 2 3 - 1ö
Þ x2 + y2 + z2 + a2 = c2 Þ x2 + a2 = c2 – y2 – z2 çè , ÷ or (1,1)
2 2 ø
2. (b) If the given points (l, m, - 6), (3, 2, - 4) æ 1 + 1 0 + 2ö
and (9, 8, –10) are collinear then Also mid-point of diagonal BD ç , ÷ or
è 2 2 ø
l-3 m-2 -6 + 4 (1, 1)
= = Þ l = 5, m = 4
9 - 3 8 - 2 - 10 + 4 Hence the points are vertices of a parallelogram.
æ 3ö 3
3. (a) Ratio = – ç ÷ = 7. (b) Let the coordinates of point P be (x, y, z).
è –2 ø 2
Here, PA2 = (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 + (z – 5)2
\ Required co-ordinates of the points are, PB2 = (x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 + (z + 7)2
é 6 – 6 10 + 3 –14 + 24 ù æ 13 ö By the given condition PA2 + PB2 = 2K2
ê 5 , 5 , 5 ú = çè 0, 5 , 2 ÷ø . We have
ë û
4. (b) Suppose R divides PQ in the ratio l : 1. Then, (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 + (z – 5)2 + (x + 1)2
the coordinates of R are + (y – 3)2 + (z + 7)2 = 2K2
æ 5l + 3 4l + 2 -6l - 4 ö i.e. 2x + 2y + 2z – 4x – 14y + 4z = 2K2 – 109
2 2 2

ç l + 1 , l +1 , l + 1 ÷ 8. (b) Let coordinates of D be (x, y, z)

è ø Co-ordinates of centroid is (1, 1, 1), and of A, is
But, the coordinates of R are given as (9, 8, –10) (4, 7, 8) Centroid divides median is 2 : 1 ratio
5l + 3 4l + 2 AO
\ = 9, = 8 and So, = 2 :1
l +1 l +1 OD A(4, 7, 8)
-6l - 4 3
= -10 Þ l = - 2 ´ x + 1´ 4
l +1 2 For x : 1 = 2
1+ 2 (1
Hence, R divides PQ externally in the ratio 3 : 2 O ,1
,1
5. (a) Here ,
( 3 - ( -2)) = -6 - 4 = -8 - 7 Þ x = – 1/2 1
)
1- 3 - 2 - ( -6 ) -2 - ( - 8 ) B C
5 5 5 2y + 1 ´ 7 D(x, y, z)
Þ – = – = – . Obviously, points are For y : 1 =
2 2 2 1+ 2
Þy=–2
collinear.
2 ´ z + 1 ´ –8
For z : 1 = Þ z = + 11/2
6. (c) Here (a) A(0,–1), B(2,1), C(0,3), D(–2,1). For 3
a rhombus all four sides are equal but the diagonal \ Co-ordinates of D are (–1/2, –2, 11/2)
are not equal, we see AC = 0 + 42 = 4 ,
BD = 4 2 - 0 = 4
 EBD_7588
186 Mathematics Objective MCQs
9. (c) The variable point is P (x, y, z). 16. (d) Given that P (a, b, c), Q (a + 2, b + 2, c – 2)
and R (a + 6, b + 6, c – 6) are collinear, one
Its distance from the y-axis = x2 + z 2 point must divide, the other two points
Its distance from (2, 1, –1) externally or internally.
Let R divide P and Q in ratio k : 1 so,
= ( x - 2)2 + ( y - 1) 2 + ( z + 1)2
k(a + 2) + a
Given: taking on x-coordinates =a+6
k +1
x 2 + z 2 = ( x - 2)2 + ( y - 1) 2 + ( z + 1)2 Þ k(a + 2) + a = (k + 1)(a + 6)
Þ ka + 2k + a = ka + 6k + a + 6 Þ – 4k = 6 or
Þ y2 - 2 y - 4 x + 2z + 6 = 0
3
10. (b) Let A (1, –2, 3) and B (4, 2, –1). Let the k =-
2
plane XOY meet the line AB in the point C such
that C divides AB in the ratio k : 1, then Negative sign shows that this is external division
in ratio 3 : 2. So, R is divided P and Q externally in
æ 4k + 1 2k - 2 -k + 3 ö 3 : 2 ratio. Putting this value for y - and
Cºç , , . Since C lies on
è k + 1 k + 1 k + 1 ÷ø z - coordinates satisfied :
the plane XOY i.e. the plane z = 0, therefore, for y - cordinate :
-k + 3 3(b + 2) - 2b
= 0 Þ k = 3. = 3b + 6 - 2b = b + 6
k +1 3-2
11. (b) Let A = (1,1,1); B = (–2,4,1) ; C = (–1,5,5) & and for z-cordinate :
D = (2,2,5) 3(c - 2) - 2c 3c - 6 - 2c
= =c–b
then, AB = 9 + 9 + 0 = 3 2, BC = 1 + 1 + 16 = 3 2 3- 2 1
Statement (2) is correct.
and CD = 3 2 and AD = 3 2 . Since, all Also, let Q divide P and R in ratio P : 1
sides are equal. Hence it is a square. taking an
12. (b) Suppose P divides QR in ratio l : 1.
Then, co-ordinates of P are p(a + 6) + a
x-co-ordinate : =a +2
æ 5λ + 2 λ + 2 –2λ + 1 ö p +1
çè , , ÷.
λ + 1 λ +1 λ +1 ø p.a + 6p + a
Þ =a+2
It is given that the x-coordinate of P is 4. p +1
5λ + 2 Þ pa + 6p + a = pa + a + 2p + 2 Þ 4p = 2
i.e., =4 Þλ = 2
λ +1 1
– 2λ + 1 – 4 + 1 Þ p= .
So, z-coordinate of P is = = –1. 2
λ +1 2 +1 Positive sign shows but the division is internal
13. (c) The length of the edges are given by and in the ratio 1 : 2
a = 5 – 2 = 3, b = 9 – 3 = 6, c = 7 – 5 = 2, so length Verifying for y-and z-coordinates, satisfies this
of the diagonal results.
= a 2 + b 2 + c2 = 9 + 36 + 4 = 7 units (b + 6) ´ 1 + 2b 3b + 6
For y co-ordinate, =
14. (c) Q PA A2 – PB2 = k 3 3
\ [(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 + (z – 4)2] =b+2
– [(x + 2)2 + (y – 5)2 + (z + 4)2] = k and for z-coordinate,
or – 8x + 4y – 16z – 16 = k, c - 6 + 2c 3c - 6
15. (a) Let L be the foot of perpendicular drawn = =c-2
3 3
from the point P(6, 7, 8) to the xy-plane and the
values are satisfied. So, statement (3) is correct.
distance of this foot L from P is z-coordinate of
P, i.e., 8 units.
Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry 187
17. (d) Let (h, k, l ) be the point which is 22. (a) Let A (5, 2, 4) , B (6, -1, 2) C (8, -7, k) be the
equidistant from the points (1, 2, 3) and (3, 2, –1) given points k = – 2
23. (b) Let the point A(x, y, z) is equidistant from
Þ (h - 1)2 + (k - 2)2 + (l - 3)2 the points B(a, 0, 0), C (0,a, 0), D (0, 0, a) and E
(0, 0, 0).
= (h - 3)2 + (k - 2)2 + (l + 1)2 Hence, (x – a)2 + y2 + z2 = x2 + (y – a)2 + z2
Þ (h – 1)2 + ( l – 3)2 = (h – 3)2 + ( l + 1)2 = x2 + y2 + (z – a)2
= x2 + y2 + z2
Þ h2 + 1 – 2h + l 2 – 6 l + 9 = h2 – 6h + 9 + Þ (x – a) + y + z = x + (y – a)2 + z2
2 2 2 2
l2+2l +1 Þ x2 + a2 – 2ax + y2 + z2 = x2 + y2 + a2 – 2ay + z2
Þ – 2h – 6 l = – 6h + 2 l Þ 6h – 2h – 6 l Þ – 2ax = – 2ay Þ ax = ay Þ x = y
–2l =0 Similarly, ay = az Þ y = z Þ x = y = z
\ (x – a)2 + x2 + x2 = x2 + x2 + x2
Þ 4h – 8 l = 0 Þ h – 2 l = 0
Þ x2 + a2 – 2ax + x2 + x2 = 3x2
Putting h = x and l = z
a
We get locus of points (h, k, l ) as, x – 2z = 0 Þ a2 = 2ax Þ x =
18. (b) Suppose P divides QR in ratio l : 1. 2
Then, co-ordinates of P are æa a aö
\ Point is ç , , ÷ .
æ 5λ + 2 λ + 2 –2λ + 1 ö è 2 2 2ø
çè , , ÷.
λ +1 λ +1 λ +1 ø 24. (d) Suppose xy-plane divides the line joining
It is given that the x-coordinate of P is 4. the given points in the ratio l : 1. The
5λ + 2 coordinate of the point of division are
i.e., =4 Þλ = 2
λ +1 æ 2l - 1 -5l + 3 6l + 4 ö
– 2λ + 1 – 4 + 1 ç l +1 , l +1 , l +1 ÷ .
So, z-coordinate of P is = = –1. è ø
λ +1 2 +1 This point lies on xy-plane.
19. (b) Since L is the foot of perpendicular from P
6l + 4 3
on the xy-plane, z-coordinate is zero in the =0Þ l =-
xy-plane. Hence, coordinates of L are (6, 7, 0). l +1 2
20. (a) In the new frame x¢ = x – x1, y¢ = y – y1, Hence, xy-plane divides externally in the ratio 3 : 2.
z ¢ = z – z1, where (x1, y1, z1) is shifted origin. 25. (c) AB = 6, BC = 13 , CA = 3
Þ x¢ = 0 – 1 = – 1, y¢ = 4 – 2 = 2 = 2, z¢ = 5 + 3 = 8 \ AB : AC = 2 : 1
Hence, the coordinates of the point with respect
A
to the new coordinates frame are (–1, 2, 8)
21. (a) Let the point R divides the line joining the
points
P (2, 4, 5) and Q (3, 5, – 4) in the ratio m : n.
m R n
B C
P(2, 4, 5) Q(3, 5, – 4) D
\ The coordinate of R is Internal bisector of an angle divides
the opposite side in the ratio of
æ 3m – 2n 5m – 4n – 4m + 5n ö adjacent sides
çè , , ÷
m+n m+n m+n ø
BD AB 2
Since, the point R is on yz-plane, therefore x- \ = =
coordinate will be zero. CD AC 1
3m – 2 n
\ Coordinate of D are æç 2, , 6 ö÷
\ = 0 Þ 3m – 2n = 0 Þ 3m = 2n 13
m+n è 3 ø
m 2
Þ = 2
n 3 \ Length AD = 34
3
 EBD_7588
188 Mathematics Objective MCQs
26. (a) D divides BC in the ratio AB : AC i.e. 3 : 13.
Therefore, coordinates of D are æ 4 -1 7 - 2 8 +1 ö æ 3 5 9 ö
ç , , ÷ or ç , , ÷ .
è 2 2 2 ø è2 2 2ø
æ 3 ´ -9 + 13 ´ 5 3 ´ 6 + 13 ´ 3 3 ´ -3 + 13 ´ 2 ö
ç , , ÷ Mid point of BD is
è 3 + 13 3 + 13 3 + 13 ø
æ 2 +1 3 + 2 4 + 5 ö æ3 5 9ö
æ 19 57 17 ö ç , , ÷ or ç , , ÷ .
or ç , , ÷ è 2 2 2 ø è2 2 2ø
è 8 16 16 ø
27. (a) We know that z-coordinate of every point Thus AC and BD bisect each other. Further,
on xy-plane is zero. So, let P(x, y, 0) be a point
AC = (4 + 1) 2 + (7 + 2)2 + (8 - 1) 2
in xy-plane such that
PA = PB = PC. Now, PA = PB Þ PA A2 = PB2 = 25 + 81 + 49 = 155
2 2 2
Þ ( x - 2) + ( y - 0) + (0 - 3)
BD = (2 - 1) 2 + (3 - 2) 2 + (4 - 5) 2
2 2 2
= ( x - 0) + ( y - 3) + (0 - 2)
= 1+1+ 1 = 3
Þ 4x - 6y = 0 or 2x - 3y = 0 ...(1)
\ AC ¹ BD .
PB = PC Þ PB2 = PC2 Hence, ABCD represents a parallelogram.
Þ ( x - 0) 2 + ( y - 3) 2 + (0 - 2) 2 30. (c) From the figure
= ( x - 0) 2 + ( y - 0) 2 + (0 - 1) 2 C(x3, y3, z3)
Þ - 6 y + 12 = 0 Þ y = 2 ...(2)
Putting y = 2 in (1), we obtain x = 3.
(0, m, 0) (0, 0, n )
Hence, the required point is (3, 2, 0).
28. (b) Suppose zx-plane divides the join of (1, 2, 3)
and (4, 2, 1) in the ratio l : 1. Then, the B A
co-ordinates of the point of division are (l, 0, 0)
(x2, y2, z2) (x1, y1, z1)
æ 4l + 1 2l + 2 l + 3 ö
ç l +1 , l +1 , l + 1 ÷ x1 + x2 = 2l, y1 + y2 = 0, z1 + z2 = 0
è ø x2 + x3 = 0, y2 + y3 = 2m, z1 + z3 = 0
This point lies on zx-plane and x1 + x3 = 0, y1 + y3 = 0, z1 + z3 = 2n
2l + 2 On solving, we get x1 = l, x2 = l, x3 = –1
\ y-coordinate = 0 Þ = 0 Þ l = -1
l +1 y1 = – m, y2 = m, y3 = m and z1 = n, z2 = – n, z3 = n
Hence, zx-plane divides the join of (1, 2, 3) and \ Coordinates are A(l, – m, n), B(l, m, –n) and
(4, 2, 1) externally in the ratio 1 : 1. C(–l, m, n)
Aliter We know that the zx-plane divides the
segment joining P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) in AB2 + BC 2 + CA 2
\
the ratio –y1 : y2. l 2 + m2 + n2
\ zx-plane divides the join of (1, 2, 3) and (4, 2, 1)
in the ratio –2 : 2 i.e., 1 : 1 externally. (4 m2 + 4n 2 ) + (4l 2 + 4 n 2 ) + (4l 2 + 4 m2 )
= =8
29. (a) Let the points are A, B, C and D l 2 + m2 + n2
respectively
Mid point of AC is
 Limits and
13
Derivatives
1. If lim kx cosec x = lim x cosec kx, then k = 7. For the function
x®0 x®0 x100 x 99 x2
f (x) = + + ... + x + 1,
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) ±1 (d) ± 2 100 99 2
2. Let f ( x ) = a( x )b( x ) g ( x ) for all real x, where f ¢(1) = mf ¢ (0), where m is equal to
(a) 50 (b) 0 (c) 100 (d) 200
a( x ), b( x ) and g ( x) are differentiable functions
dy
of x. If f '(2) = 18 f(2), a '(2) = 3a(2), b '(2) = -4b(2) 8. If y = (1 + x1/4) (1 + x1/2) (1 – x1/4), then is
dx
and g '(2) = k g (2), then the value of k is equal to
(a) 14 (b) 16
(c) 19 (d) None of these (a) 1 (b) –1 (c) x (d) x
n +1 n 2n
5 +3 -2 ìï x n sin(1/ x 2 ), x ¹ 0
3. lim is equal to If f ( x) = í
n ®¥ 5n + 2 +3 n 2 n +3 9. , (n Î I ), then
ïî 0, x=0
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0
4. If {x} denotes the fractional part of x, then (a) lim f ( x ) exists for n > 1
x ®0
e{x} - {x} - 1
lim , where [a] denotes the (b) lim f ( x ) exists for n < 0
x ®[a ] {x}2 x ®0

integral part of a, is equal to (c) lim f ( x ) does not exist for any value of n
x ®0

(d) lim f ( x ) cannot be determined

1 x ®0
(a) 0 (b)
2 10. If x > 0 and g is a bounded function, then
(c) e – 2 (d) none of these
f ( x)enx + g ( x)
é sin x ù lim is
5. lim ê min( y 2 - 4 y + 11) (where [×] n®¥ e nx + 1
x ®0 ë x úû
(a) 0 (b) f (x)
denotes the greatest integer function) is (c) g(x) (d) None of these
(a) 5 (b) 6 11. Let the sequence <bn> of real numbers satisfies
(c) 7 (d) does not exist the recurrence relation
é sin(sgn( x )) ù
6. lim ê ú , where [×] denotes the 1æ 125 ö
x ®0 ë (sgn( x )) û bn+1 = ç 2bn + ÷ , bn ¹ 0. Then find lim bn .
3 çè bn2 ÷ø n®¥
greatest integer function, is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 5 (d) 25
(c) –1 (d) does not exist
 EBD_7588
190 Mathematics Objective MCQs

sin[cos x] ì æ1ö æ 1 ö
12. lim ([×] denotes the greatest integer x sin ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ , x ¹ 0
x ®0 1 + [cos x] 19. Let f ( x ) = íï è ø
x è x2 ø
function) ï 0, x=0
î
(a) equal to 1 (b) equal to 0 then lim f ( x ) equals
(c) does not exist (d) None of these x ®¥

æ 1 öæ 2 öæ 3 ö æ n ö (a) 0 (b) –1/2

13. If y = ç1 + x ÷ç 1 + x ÷ç1 + x ÷ .....ç1 + x ÷ and x ¹ 0, (c) 1 (d) None of these
è øè øè ø è ø
20. Let f (x) = x – [x], where [x] denotes the greatest
dy
then when x = –1 is
dx { f ( x )}2 n - 1
integer £ x and g ( x) = lim ,
(a) n! (b) (n – 1)! n®¥ { f ( x )}2n +1
(c) (–1)n(n – 1)! (d) (–1)n n!
14. A triangle has two of its vertices at P (a, 0), Q (0, b) then g(x) is equal to
and the third vertex R(x, y) is moving along the
straight line y = x. If A be the area of the triangle, (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) None of these
dA
then is equal to
dx 21. lim | x |[cos x] is
x®0
a -b a -b (a) 1 (b) does not exist
(a) (b)
2 4 (c) 0 (d) None of these
æ a +b ö a+b log(2 + x ) - x 2 n sin x
(c) -ç ÷ (d) 22. Let f ( x ) = lim . Then
è 2 ø 4 n ®¥ 1 + x 2n
2
æ 1 ö (a) lim f ( x ) ¹ lim f ( x )
15. Derivative of ç x + ÷ is
è xø x ®1+ x ®1-

1 1 1 lim f ( x ) = sin1
(a) (b) 1- (c) (d) 1+ 2
1 (b)
2 2 x x ®1+
x x
16. If f be a function given by f (x) = 2x2 + 3x – 5. (c) lim f ( x) doesn’t exist
Then, f ¢(0) = mf ¢(–1), where m is equal to x ®1-
(a) – 1 (b) – 2 (c) – 3 (d) – 4 (d) None of these
17. Let f ( x) = x 2 - 1, 0 < x < 2 and 2x +3, 2 £ x < 3.
d æ 1 + x 4 + x8 ö3
The quadratic equation whose roots are, 23. If dx çç + 2 + 4 ÷÷ = ax + bx, then
è 1 x x ø
lim f ( x ) and lim f ( x) is
x ® 2- 0
x ® 2+ 0 (a) a = 4, b = 2 (b) a = 4, b = –2
(c) a = –2, b = 4 (d) None of these
(a) x2 - 6 x + 9 = 0 (b) x 2 - 10 x + 21 = 0 m+ n n+ p p+m
æ sin m x ö æ sin n x ö æ sin p x ö
(c) x 2 - 14 x + 49 = 0 (d) None of these 24. If f ( x) = çç n ÷÷ ×ç ÷
ç sin p x ÷
×ç ÷
ç sin m x ÷
,
è sin x ø è ø è ø
18. If x1 = 3 and xn +1 = 2 + xn , n ³ 1, then nlim
®¥
xn then f '(x) is equal to
(a) 0
is equal to
(b) 1
(a) –1 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 3 (c) cosm + n + px
(d) None of these
Limits and Derivatives 191

ì [ x ]2 + sin[ x] sin(e x - 2 - 1)
ï for [ x] ¹ 0 31. If f(x) = , then lim f (x) is equal to
25. If f ( x ) = í [ x] , where [x] ln(x - 1) x ®2
ï (a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 1
î 0 for [ x] = 0
27 x - 9 x - 3 x + 1
denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 32. The value of lim is
x ®0 2 - 1 + cos x
x, then xlim f ( x ) equals
®0 (a) 4 2(log 3)2 (b) 8 2(log 3)2
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 2 2(log 3)2 (d) None of these
(c) –1 (d) None of these
33. If f ( x) = x 2 - 10 x + 25, then the derivative of
26. Let f ( x) = x - 1 + x + 24 - 10 x - 1;
f(x) on the interval [0, 7] is
1 < x < 26 be real valued function. Then f ¢(x) for (a) 1 (b) –1
1 < x < 26 is (c) 0 (d) None of these
1 34. Let f(x) be a polynomial function satisfying
(a) 0 (b) æ1ö æ1ö
x -1 f ( x ) × f ç ÷ = f ( x ) + f ç ÷ . If f(4) = 65 and l ,
è xø è xø 1
(c) 2 x - 1 - 5 (d) None of these
l2, l3 are in GP, then f '(l1 ), f '(l2 ), f '(l3 ) are in
27. If
1 1 1
y= + +
1 + xb-a + x g-a 1 + x a-b + x g-b 1 + x a-g + xb-g (a) AP (b) GP
(c) HP (d) None of these
dy
then is equal to (4 x – 1)3
dx 35. The value of lim , is
(a) 0 x® 0 x2
sin log(1 + 3 x )
(b) 1 4
(c) (a + b + g )xa+b+g-1 4
(ln 4)2
4
(ln 4)3
(a) (b)
(d) None of these 3 3
3 3
n p sin 2 ( n !) (c) (ln 4)2 (d) (ln 4)3
28. lim , 0 < p < 1 is equal to 2 2
n®¥ n +1
x-a
i
(a) 0 (b) ¥ 36. If Ai = | x - a | , i = 1, 2, 3, ...., n and
i
(c) 1 (d) None of these
a1 < a2 < a3.....an , then lim ( A1 A2..... An ), 1 £ m £ n
[1/ x ]
29. Let f ( x ) = x (-1) , x ¹ 0, where [x] denotes x®am

the greatest integer less than or equal to x then,

lim f ( x) = (a) is equal to (–1)m
x®0 (b) is equal to (–1)m + 1
(a) does not exist (b) 2 (c) is equal to (–1)m – 1
(c) 0 (d) –1 (d) does not exist
sin x 4 - x 4 cos x 4 + x 20 37. If [×] denotes the greatest integer function, then
30. lim 4
is equal to
x® 0 [ x ] + [2 x] + .... + [nx ]
x 4 (e2 x 1 - 2 x 4 ) lim is
n ®¥ n2
(a) 0 (b) – 1/6
(c) 1/6 (d) does not exist x x2
(a) 0 (b) x (c) (d)
2 2
 EBD_7588
192 Mathematics Objective MCQs

n r3 - 8 é sin [ x - 3] ù
38. The limit lim P is equal to 44. lim ê ú , where [ . ] denotes greatest
n ®¥ r =3 3
x® 0ë [ x - 3] û
r +8 integer function is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) does not exist (d) sin 1
2 1
(a) (b) (sin nx ) [(a - n )nx - tan x ]
7 12 45. If lim = 0 , then the
x® 0 x2
19 value of a
(c) (d) None of these
52 1 1 1
(a) (b) n - (c) n+ (d) None
n n n
tan 2 x - n sin x
39. If m, n Î I0 and lim = some é cot 4 x ù
x ®0 x3 46. lim êcosec3 x × cot x - 2 cot 3 x × cosec x + ú
x ®0
ë sec x û
integer, then value of this limit is
(a) 3 (b) 2 is equal to
(a) 1 (b) –1
16 + n (c) 0 (d) None of these
(c) (d) None of these
12
æ x2 xö
47. lim ç - ÷=
æ x2 + 5 x + 3 ö
x x ®¥ çè 3x - 2 3 ÷ø
40. Lim ç ÷
x ®¥ çè x 2 + x + 2 ÷ø 1 2 -2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) e4 (b) e2 (c) e3 (d) 1 3 3 3 9
1 1
éxù xn e x xn e x
êë 2 úû 48. The value of lim (2 ) - (3 ) (where
41. lim (where [×] denotes the greatest
x ®p / 2 ln(sin x) x ®¥ xn
integer function) n Î N ) is
(a) does not exist (b) equals 1 æ2ö
(c) equals 0 (d) equals –1 (a) log n ç ÷ (b) 0
è3ø
æ 100 x2 ö æ2ö
ç x æ 2ö ÷ (c) n log n ç ÷ (d) not defined
42. lim + ç cos ÷ = è3ø
x ®¥ ç e x è xø ÷
è ø
(1 - x )(1 - x 2 )...(1 - x 2 n )
(a) e –1 (b) e –4 49. lim , n Î N , equals
x ®1 {(1 - x)(1 - x 2 )....(1 - x n )}2
(c) (1 + e–2) (d) e –2
(a) 2nPn (b) 2nCn
1 - cos2q
43. If a = min{x 2 + 4 x + 5, x Î R} and b = lim , (c) (2n)! (d) None of these
q®0 q2
50. The value of
n
then the value of åa r
×b n-r
is cos 2 x
lim é11/ cos + .... + n1/ cos x ù
2 2 2
x
r =0 + 21/ cos x
is
pê úû
2 n +1 - 1 x® ë
2
(a) (b) 2n + 1 – 1
4 × 2n
(a) 0 (b) n
n +1
2 -1 n(n + 1)
(c) (d) None of these (c) ¥ (d)
3 × 2n 2
Limits and Derivatives 193

log e (sin x ) tan x is 58. Let f : R ® R be such that f (1) = 3 and f '(1) = 6.
51. The value of xlim
®0
1/ x
(a) 1 (b) –1 æ f (1 + x) ö
(c) 0 (d) None of these Then lim ç ÷ equals
x ® 0 è f (1) ø
æ 10sin 9 x öæ 8sin 7 x öæ 6sin 5 x öæ 4sin 3 x ö (a) 1 (b) e1/2 (c) e2 (d) e3
52. lim ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷
x®0 è 9sin10 x øè 7sin8 x øè 5sin 6 x øè 3sin 4 x ø
tan 2 x - n sin x
59. If m, n Î I0 and lim = some
æ sin x ö x3
x ®0
ç sin 2 x ÷ =
è ø integer, then value of this limit is
(a) 3 (b) 2
63 1 6 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 16 + n
256 6 5 2
(c) (d) None of these
12
x
53. What is lim equal to ? ra ra
x ®0 1 - cos x
60. If z r = cos 2 + i sin 2 , where r = 1, 2, 3, ...., n,
n n
(a) 2 (b) - 2
1 then lim z1 z2 z3 ...zn is equal to
n®¥
(c) (d) Limit does not exist
2 (a) cos a + i sin a
54. Let f (x) = 4 and f ¢ (x) = 4. Then (b) cos(a / 2) - i sin(a / 2)

lim
x f (2) - 2 f ( x)
is given by
(c) eia / 2
x ®2 x-2
(d) 3 ia
(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) – 4 (d) 3 e

55. lim [1 + (cos x )cos x ]2 is equal to lim æ a b ö

2x
61. If 2 then the values of
x®
p- x ®¥ ç 1+ x + x 2 ÷ =e ,
è ø
2
(a) does not exist (b) 1 a and b, are
(c) e (d) 4 (a) a = 1 and b = 2 (b) a = 1, b Î R
56. Let a and b be the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, (c) a Î R, b = 2 (d) a Î R, b Î R
2
1 - cos( ax + bx + c ) 1
Then lim is equal to : 1/sin x
x® a ( x - a )2 62. The limit lim (cos x) sin x is equal to
x®0
1
(a) 0 (b) (a - b) 2 (a) e (b) e–1
2
(c) 1 (d) does not exist
a2
(c) (a - b ) 2 (d) None of these ì 1 + tan x ü
cosec x
2 63. lim í ý is equal to
1/ n x® 0 î 1 + sin x þ
57. If f ( x) = lim n( x - 1), then for x > 0, y > 0,
n®¥ 1
f(xy) is equal to (a) (b) 1 (c) e (d) e2
e
(a) f(x) f(y) (b) f(x) + f(y)
(c) f(x) – f(y) (d) None of these
 EBD_7588
194 Mathematics Objective MCQs

x -1 æ a ö - sin 2 x + 6sin x + 2) is equal to

64. Evaluate lim 2 tan ç x ÷.
x ®¥ è2 ø 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a 10 11 12 8
(a) a (b) 2a (c) (d) 4a
2 é f (x) ù
69. If lim ê ú exists, then which one of the
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n x ®a ë g( x ) û
65. What is lim 2 equal to ?
n®¥ 1 + 22 + 32 + ...n2 following correct ?
(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 (a) Both lim f (x ) and lim g( x) must exist
x®a x® a
sin 2 x + 4 x
66. What is lim equal to ? (b) lim f (x ) need not exist but lim g( x) must
x ® 0 2 x + sin 4 x x®a x® a

1 exist
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2 (c) Both lim f (x ) and lim g( x) need not exist
x®a x® a
cosecx
67. If xlim (1 + a sin x ) = 3 , then a is (d) None of these
® 0
(a) ln 2 (b) ln 3 (c) ln 4 (d) e 3 é3 2 3 2ù
70. The value of lim ê (n + 1) - (n - 1) ú is
68. The value of n®¥ ë û
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) -¥
lim tan 2 x ( 2sin 2 x + 3sin x + 4
x ®p / 2

Answer KEYs
1 (c) 8 (b) 15 (b) 22 (a) 29 (c) 36 (d) 43 (b) 50 (b) 57 (b) 64 (c)
2 (c) 9 (a) 16 (c) 23 (b) 30 (c) 37 (c) 44 (c) 51 (c) 58 (c) 65 (d)
3 (d) 10 (b) 17 (b) 24 (a) 31 (d) 38 (a) 45 (c) 52 (d) 59 (a) 66 (c)
4 (d) 11 (c) 18 (b) 25 (d) 32 (b) 39 (a) 46 (a) 53 (d) 60 (c) 67 (b)
5 (b) 12 (b) 19 (c) 26 (a) 33 (d) 40 (a) 47 (d) 54 (c) 61 (b) 68 (c)
6 (a) 13 (c) 20 (c) 27 (a) 34 (b) 41 (c) 48 (b) 55 (d) 62 (c) 69 (d)
7 (c) 14 (c) 21 (a) 28 (a) 35 (b) 42 (d) 49 (b) 56 (c) 63 (b) 70 (c)
Limits and Derivatives 195

eh - h -1
1. (c) lim kx cosec x = lim x cosec kx = lim
x®0 x®0 h ®0 h2

x 1 kx 1 h 2 h3
Þ k . lim = lim Þ k = Þ k = ±1. 1+ h ++ + .... - h - 1
x ®0 sin x k x®0 sin kx k 2! 3! 1
= lim =
2. (c) We have, f ( x) = a( x ) b( x) g ( x), for all real x. h ®0 h2 2
\ Limit does not exist.
Þ f '( x) = a '( x)b( x ) g ( x ) + a( x )b '( x) g ( x) 2 2
5. (b) min( y - 4 y + 11) = min[( y - 2) + 7] = 7
+a( x )b( x )g '( x)
é sin x ù
or L = lim ê min( y 2 - 4 y + 11)
Þ f '(2) = a '(2)b(2) g (2) + a(2)b '(2) g (2) x ®0 ë x úû
+a(2)b(2) g '(2) é 7 sin x ù
= lim ê ú
x ®0 ë x û
Þ 18 f (2) = 3a(2)b(2) g (2) - 4a(2)b(2) g (2)
= [a value slightly lesser than 7]
+ k a(2)b(2) g(2) (| sin x |<| x |, when x ® 0)
[Q f '(2) = 18 f (2), a '(2) = 3a(2), b '(2)
é sin x ù
= lim ê7 = 6.
= -4b(2) and g '(2) = k g (2)] x ®0 ë x úû
Þ 18 f (2) = (-1 + k )a(2)b(2) g (2) = ( k - 1) f (2) é sin(sgn x) ù é sin1 ù
[Q f (2) = a(2)b(2) g (2)] 6. (a) lim ê ú = lim =0
x ®0+ ë sgn( x) û x ®0 + êë 1 úû
Þ k - 1 = 18 Þ k = 19.
é sin(sgn x) ù é sin(-1) ù
3. (d) = lim ê ú = lim- ê ú
x ®0 ë sgn( x ) û
-
x ®0 ë -1 û
5n +1 + 3n - 2 2 n 5 × 5n + 3n - 4 n
lim = lim = lim [sin1]
n ®¥ 5n+ 2 n + 32n +3 n ®¥ 5n + 2 n + 27 × 9n x ®0-
5n 3n 4n Hence, the given limit is 0.
5× n + n - n
= lim 9 9 9 = 0 + 0 - 0 = 0. 7. (c) Given,
n ®¥ 5 n
2 n 0 + 0 + 27 x100 x 99 x2
+ + 27 f (x) = + + ... + + x + 1
n n 100 99 2
9 9
e{x} - {x} - 1 100x 99 99x 98 2x
Þ f ¢ (x) = + + ... + + 1+ 0
4. (d) Let [a] = n, then xlim 100 99 2
®n - {x}2
[Q f (x) = xn Þ f ¢ (x) = nxn–1]
e{n -h} - {n - h} -1 e1-h - (1 - h) - 1 Þ f ¢ (x) = x + x + ... + x + 1
99 98
...(i)
= lim = lim Putting x = 1, we get
h ®0 {n - h}2 h ®0 (1 - h) 2 f ¢ (1) =
=e–2
(1)99 + 198 + ... + 1 + 1 114
{x} 144 42444 3 = + 14+ 1...
244 +13
+1
e - {x} - 1 100 times 100 times
and xlim
®n + {x}2 Þ f ¢ (1) = 100 ...(ii)
Again, putting x = 0, we get
e{n + h} - {n + h} - 1 f ¢ (0) = 0 + 0 + ... + 0 + 1 Þ f ¢ (0) = 1 ...(iii)
= lim
h ®0 {n + h}2 From eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get; f ¢ (1) = 100f ¢ (0)
Hence, m = 100
 EBD_7588
196 Mathematics Objective MCQs

8. (b) We have, y = (1 + x1/ 4 )(1 + x1/ 2 )(1 - x1/ 4 ) æ 1 öæ 2 öæ 3 ö æ n ö

13. (c) y = ç1 + ÷ç1 + ÷ç1 + ÷...ç1 + ÷
= (1 - x 1/ 2 1/ 2
)(1 + x ) = 1- x è x øè x øè x ø è x ø
dy æ 1 öæ 2 öæ 3 ö æ n ö
\
dy
= -1 = ç - ÷ç1 + ÷ç1 + ÷...ç1 + ÷
dx dx è x 2 øè x øè x ø è x ø
9. (a) For n > 1, æ 1 öæ 2 öæ 3 ö æ n ö
+ ç1 + ÷ç - 2 ÷ç1 + ÷...ç1 + ÷
n
lim x sin(1/ x ) = 0 ´2 è x øè x øè x ø è x ø
x ®0
(any value between –1 and 1) = 0 æ 1 öæ 2 öæ 3 ö æ n ö
+... + ç1 + ÷ç1 + ÷ç1 + ÷...ç - 2 ÷
For n < 0, è x øè x øè x ø è x ø
lim x n sin(1/ x 2 ) = ¥ ´ dy
x ®0 Q = (-1)(-1)(-2)(-3)....(1 - n)
dx x =-1
(any value between –1 and 1) = ¥ .
10. (b) Given that, x > 0 and g(x) is bounded = (–1)n(1)(2)(3)....(n – 1) = (–1)n (n – 1) !
function. 14. (c) Area of DPQR = A
-1
f ( x)e nx + g ( x) = [ x(b - 0) + 0(0 - y ) + a ( y - b)]
Limit = lim 2
n ®¥ e nx + 1
-1 Q (0, b)
f ( x) g ( x) f ( x ) finite = (bx + ax - ab)
= lim + = + 2 R (x, y)
n ®¥ æ 1 ö e nx + 1 1 + 0 ¥
1 + ç nx ÷ dA -1

x
èe ø \ = ( a + b)

y=
dx 2
= f(x) O
P (a, 0)
11. (c) Let lim bn = b Now,,
n ®¥
d ìïæ 1 ö üï
2

1æ 125 ö 15. (b) We have, dx íç x + ÷ ý

bn +1 = ç 2bn + ÷ îïè x ø ïþ
3 çè bn2 ÷ø
æ ö d ì 1 ü
1ç 125 ÷ = íx + + 2ý
lim b = 2 lim b + dx î x þ
or n®¥ n +1 3 ç n®¥ n lim b2 ÷ or
ç n ÷ d d d
è n®¥ ø = (x) + (x -1 ) + (2) = 1 + (– 1) x–2 + 0
dx dx dx
1æ 125 ö
b= ç 2b + 2 ÷ 1
3è b ø = 1-
x2
b 125
Þ = Þ b3 = 125 or b = 5. 16. (c) We first find the derivatives of f (x) at x = – 1
3 3b2
and at x = 0.
12. (b) L.H.L.
We have,
sin[cos h] sin(0) f (-1 + h) - f (-1)
= lim f ( x ) = lim = =0
x ®0 - h® 0 1 + [cos h] 1+ 0 f ¢ (– 1) = lim
h ®0 h
(\ h > 0 Þ cos h < 1) [2( -1 + h) 2 + 3( -1 + h) - 5] - [2( -1) 2 + 3( -1) - 5]
R.H.L. = lim
h®0 h
sin[cos h] sin(0)
= lim f ( x) = lim = =0 2h 2 - h
x ®0 + h ®0 1 + [cos h] 1+ 0 = lim = lim(2h -1) = 2(0) -1 = -1
h®0 h h®0
Limits and Derivatives 197
So,
f (0 + h) - f (0)
and f ¢ (0) = lim
h®0 h ì
ïlog (2 + x ) if | x |< 1
[2(0 + h)2 + 3(0 + h) - 5] -[2(0) 2 + 3(0) - 5] ïï x -2n log(2 + x) - sin x
= lim f ( x ) = í lim = - sin x if | x |> 1
h ®0 h ïn®¥ x -2 n + 1
ï 1 [log(2 + x) - sin x] if | x |= 1
2h 2 + 3h ïî 2
= lim = lim(2h + 3) = 2(0) + 3 = 3
h®0 h h ®0

Clearly, f ¢ (0) = –3 f ¢ (–1) Thus lim f ( x ) = lim ( - sin x ) = - sin1

x ®1+ x ®1+
2 2
17. (b) lim f ( x) = lim ( x - 1) = 2 - 1 = 3 and lim f ( x ) = lim log(2 + x ) = log 3.
x ®2 - 0 x ® 2 -0 x ®1- x ®1–

lim f ( x ) = lim (2 x + 3) = 2 ´ 2 + 3 = 7 Hence, L.H.L ¹ R.H.L

x ®2 + 0 x®2+ 0 23. (b) We have,
\ Required quadratic equation is d é (1 + x 2 + x 4 )(1 - x 2 + x 4 ) ù 3
x2 – 10x + 21 = 0 ê 2 4
ú = ax + bx
dx ëê (1 + x + x ) ûú
18. (b) xn +1 = 2 + xn Þ lim xn +1 = 2 + lim xn
d
[Q lim xn +1 = lim xn ] Þ (1 - x 2 + x 4 ) = ax3 + bx
Þ t = 2+t dx
Þ t 2 - t - 2 = 0 Þ (t - 2)(t + 1) = 0 Þ t = 2. Þ –2x + 4x3 = ax3 + bx
Þ a = 4 and b = –2.
æ1ö æ 1 ö 24. (a) We have,
19. (c) lim f ( x ) = lim x sin ç ÷ + sin ç ÷
x ®¥ x ®¥ èxø è x2 ø f ( x) = (sin m-n x)m+n × (sin n- p x)n+ p × (sin p-m x) p+m
2
- n2 2
- p2 2
- m2
æ1ö = sin m x × sin n x × sin p x
sin ç ÷
= lim è x ø + lim sin æ 1 ö 2 2 2
-n +n - p + p -m 2 2 2
ç 2 ÷ = 1 + 0 = 1. = (sin x) m = (sin x) 0 = 1.
x ®¥ æ 1 ö x ®¥ èx ø
ç ÷ \ f '( x) = 0.
èxø
25. (d) As x ® 0 - (i.e., approaches 0 from the
20. (c) As 0 £ x - [ x ] < 1 " x Î R, 0 £ f ( x) < 1 left), [x] = –1.

\ lim { f ( x )}2 n = 0 1 + sin(-1)

\ lim f ( x) = lim = -1 + sin1
n®¥ x ®0 -
x ®0 - -1
Thus, for x Î R,
Whereas, if x ® 0 + we get [x] = 0.
{ f ( x )}2 n - 1 = 0 - 1 = -1 \ f ( x) = 0 Þ lim f ( x) = 0
g ( x) = lim . x ®0+
n ®¥ { f ( x )}2 n + 1 0 +1
Thus, lim f ( x ) does not exist.
0 x ®0
21. (a) lim = lim ( x ) = 1,
x ®0+ x ®0 + 26. (a) f ( x) = x -1 + 25 + ( x -1) - 10 x - 1
0
lim ( - x ) = lim 1 = 1
x ®0- x ®0- = x - 1 + (5 - x - 1)2

22. (a) For | x | < 1, x 2n ® 0as n ® ¥ and = x - 1+ |5 - x - 1 | = 5

1 [Q x - 1 < 5 for 1 < x < 26]

For | x | > 1, ® 0 as n ® ¥.
x2n \ f '( x) = 0
 EBD_7588
198 Mathematics Objective MCQs

( )
27. (a) We have,
sin e x - 2 - 1
31. (d) f (x) =
1 1 1 ln ( x - 1)
y= + +
b g a g a b
1+
x
x a
+
x
x a
1+
x
x b
+
x
x b
1+
x
x g
+
x
xg lim
(
sin e x - 2 - 1 ) =L
x ®2 ln ( x - 1)

xa xb xg 0
= + + It is (un defin ed) condition so using
a b g a b g a b g 0
x +x +x x +x +x x +x +x
a b g L’hospital’s rule
x +x +x dy
{ ( )} ùú
= = 0. =1 \ é sin e x - 2 - 1
a b
dx g
x +x +x ê
28. (a) Given limit can be written as lim ê
Þ L = x ®2 {ln ( x - 1)} ú
2 êë úû
sin (n !)
lim (0 < p < 1)
n®0 n1- p (1 + 1/ n )
( )
cos e x - 2 - 1 .e( )
x -2

some real number in[0, 1] Þ L = lim

= =0 (Q1 - p > 0) x ®2 1/ ( x - 1)
¥
29. (c) Q [1 / x ] = Integer \ (-1)[1/ x] = 1 or –1 Þ L = lim cos e
2 -2
x ®2
( )
- 1 e2 - 2 . ( 2 - 1)

lim x ( -1)[1/ x] = lim ( h)(1 or –1) = 0 ÞL= cos(0) e0.1 ÞL=1

x ®0 h ®0
27 x - 9 x - 3 x + 1
= lim (- h)(1 or –1) = 0 32. (b) lim
h ®0 x ®0 2 - 1 + cos x

sin x 4 - x 4 cos x 4 + x 20 9 x × 3x - 9 x - 3 x + 1
30. (c) lim = lim
x ®0 4 x®0 x
x 4 (e 2 x 1 - 2 x 4 ) 2 - 2 cos
2
sin t - t cos t + t 5 æ 9 x - 1 ö æ 3x - 1 ö 1
= lim 1
t ®0 2t
t (e - 1 - 2t ) = lim ç ÷×ç ÷× × x2 ×
ç ÷
x ®0 è x ø è x ø ç ÷ 2 x
2 sin 2
æ t2 t4 ö 4
t3 t5
t- + ..... - t ç 1 - + ...... ÷ + t 5
3! 5! ç 2! 4! ÷ æ 9 x - 1 ö æ 3x - 1 ö 1 æ x 2 /16 ö
= lim è ø = lim ç ÷ ×ç ÷× ç ÷8
æ ö x ®0 çè x ÷ø çè x ÷ø 2 çè sin 2 x / 4 ÷ø
t ®0 4t 2 8t 3 16t 4
t ç 1 + 2t + + + + .... - 1 - 2t ÷
ç 2! 3! 4! ÷
è ø 8
= (log 9)(log 3) = 8 2(log 3) 2 .
2
t3 t3 t5 t5
- + + - + ..... + t 5 33. (d) We have,
= lim 6 2 5! 4!
t ®0 8t 4 f ( x) = x 2 - 10 x + 25 = ( x - 5)2 = | x - 5 |
2t 3 + + ......
3!
ì x - 5, x ³ 5
1 1 =í
- +
6 2 = - -1 + 3 = 1
î5 - x, x < 5
= Clearly, f(x) is differentiable at all points on the
2 12 6
interval [0, 7] except at x = 5.
\ The derivative of f(x) on the interval [0, 7] does
not exist.
Limits and Derivatives 199
34. (b) Since, f(x) is a polynomial function satisfying 37. (c) nx - 1 < [nx ] £ nx. Putting n = 1, 2, 3, ...., n
æ1ö æ1ö and adding them,
f ( x) × f ç ÷ = f ( x ) + f ç ÷ ,
è xø è xø xSn - n < S[ nx ] £ xSn
Sn 1 S[nx] Sn
\ f ( x) = x n + 1 or f ( x ) = - x n + 1 \x× - < 2 £ x× 2 ...(i)
n2 n n n
n
If f ( x) = - x + 1, then f (4) = -4 + 1 ¹ 65 n
Sn 1 ü Sn
Now, lim íì x ×
1 x
- ý = x × lim 2 - lim =
So, f ( x ) = x + 1 n Since, f(4) = 65 n ®¥ î n2 n þ n ®¥ n n ®¥ n 2
n
As the two limits are equal, by (i)
\ 4 + 1 = 65
S[nx] x
lim = .
Þ n = 3 \ f ( x) = x3 + 1 Þ f '( x) = 3x 2 n ®¥ n2 2

\ f '(l1 ) = 3l12 , f '(l2 ) = 3l22 , f '(l3 ) = 3l32 n

r3 - 8
Since, l1, l2, l3 are in GP. 38. (a) Lim
n ®¥
Õ r3 + 8
r =3
\ f '(l1 ), f '(l2 ), f '(l3 ) are also in GP..
æ 33 - 8 ö æ 43 - 8 ö æ 3 ö
= Lim ç ÷ç ÷........ç n - 8 ÷
(4 x – 1)3 n ®¥ç 33 + 8 ÷ ç 43 + 8 ÷ ç n3 + 8 ÷
35. (b) lim è øè ø è ø
x®0 x2
sin log(1 + 3x ) æ 3 - 2 32 + 4 + 2(3) ö
4 = Lim ç . ÷
n ®¥ ç 3 + 2 3 2 + 4 - 2(3) ÷
(4 x – 1) 3 ( x / 2) 2 3x 4 è ø
= lim . . .
x®0 x 3
sin x / 4 log(1 + 3 x ) 3
2
æ 4 - 2 4 2 + 4 + 2(4) ö æ n - 2 n 2 + 4 + 2n ö
ç . ÷ .....ç . ÷
4 4 ç 4 + 2 4 2 + 4 - 2(4) ÷ ç n + 2 n 2 + 4 - 2n ÷
= (log e 4) 3.1.log e ( e) = (log e 4)3. è ø è ø
3 3
x - ai æ 3- 2 4 - 2 5 - 2 n - 2 ö æç 32 + 4 + 2(3)
Ai = , i = 1, 2, 3, ....., n = Lim ç . . ........ ÷ .
36. (d) | x - ai | n ®¥ è 3 + 2 4 + 2 5 + 2 n + 2 ø çè 32 + 4 - 2(3)

a1 < a2 < a3 < ..... < an . 42 + 4 + 2(4) n 2 + 4 + 2n ö÷

If x is in the left neighbourhood of ......
2
4 + 4 - 2(4) n 2 + 4 - 2n ÷ø
a1 < a2 < .... < am -1 < x < am < am +1 < .... < an .
æ 1.2.3.4.5.6.7....... ö æ 19.28.39.52.63..... ö
x - ai =ç ÷ç ÷
Ai = = 1, i = 1, 2, ...., m - 1 ; è 5.6.7.8......... ø è 7.12.19.28.39.52...... ø
x - ai
1.2.3.4 2
x - ai = =
Ai = = -1 7.12 7
(ai - x)
i = m, m – 1, ....., n tan 2 x - n sin x
39. (a) lim =I
\ A1 A2 ...... An = ( -1) n - m +1 ...(i) x ®0 x3
If x is in the right neighbourhood of am,
8 x3 nx3
a1 < a2 < .... < am -1 < am < x < am +1 < .... < an , 2x + .... - nx +
= lim 3! 3! = I
x - ai
Ai = = 1, i = 1, 2, ....., n. x ®0 x3
x - ai
æ 16 + n ö 3
\ A1 A2 ..... An = ( -1) n - m ...(ii) (2 - n) x + ç ÷ x + ...
= lim è 6 ø =I
\ lim ( A1 A2 ..... An ) = ( -1) n - m +1
-
x ® am
x ®0 x3

( A1 A2 ..... An ) = (-1)n - m 16 + n
and xlim+
® am \ LHL ¹ RHL Þ n = 2 and, thus required value = = 3.
6
Hence, xlim
® am
( A1 A2 .... An ) does not exist.
 EBD_7588
200 Mathematics Objective MCQs

x n

40. (a)
æ x 2 + 5 x + 3ö
lim ç ÷
å a r × bn -r = bn + abn-1 + a 2bn-2 + ..... + a n
x ®¥ è x 2 + x + 2 ø r =0
é æ a ö n+1 ù é æ 1 ön+1 ù
x bn ê1 - ç ÷ ú 2n ê1 - ç ÷ ú
æ 4x +1 ö ê è b ø úû êë è 2 ø úû
= lim ç1 + 2 ÷ = ë =
x ®¥ è x + x+ 2ø a 1
1- 1-
( 4 x +1) x b 2
é x2 + x + 2 ù x2 + x + 2 n +1 n +1
2 (2 - 1)
êæ 4 x + 1 ö 4 x+1 ú = = (2 n +1 - 1).
n +1
= lim êç1 + 2 ÷ ú 2
x ®¥ ê è x + x + 2ø ú
ëê ûú é sin [ x - 3] ù
44. (c) lim ê ú
x ® 0 ë [ x - 3] û
1
4+
lim x
x ®¥ 1+ 1 + 2 For x ® 0+ , [ x - 3] = -3
4 x2 + x
lim x 2 4
= 2
+ x+ 2 =e x =e
e x ®¥ x
sin [ x - 3] sin ( -3) sin 3
\ = = Î (0,1)
éxù [ x - 3] -3 3
êë 2 úû
p épù
41. (c) Q < 1, \ ê ú = 0 \ lim = 0. sin [ x - 3]
4 ë4û x ®p / 2 ln(sin x) \ lim+ =0
x®0 [ x - 3]
é 100 x2 ù
ê x æ 2ö ú For x ® 0- , [ x - 3] = -4
(d) Consider x®¥ ê e x + çè
lim cos ÷
42. xø ú
ëê ûú sin [ x - 3] sin 4
\ = lies in (–1, 0)
x2 [ x - 3] 4
x100 é æ 2öù
= lim + lim êcos ç ÷ ú
x ®¥ e x x ®¥ ë è xøû é sin [ x - 3] ù
\ lim ê ú = -1
x100 x ® 0 ë [ x - 3] û
-
= lim = 0 (Using L¢ Hospital’s rule)
x®¥ ex \ Limit does not exist.
x2
æ 2ö
and lim ç cos ÷ is of (1¥) form (sin nx ) [(a - n)nx - tan x ]
x ®¥ è xø 45. (c) Let lim =0
x®0 x2
æ 2 ö
lim x 2 ç cos - 1÷
x ®¥ è x ø æ n3 x3 ö é ìï x3 üïù
=e æ 2 2ö ç nx - 3! ÷ ên( a - n) x - í x + 3 + ......ýú
4 ç Put x = t Þ x = t ÷ Þ lim
è ø ëê îï þïûú
=0
lim
2
(cos t –1) è ø 2
=et ® 0 t x®0 x
(By using expansion of sin x and tan x)
æ 1-cos t ö
- lim ç ÷.4 æ sin t ö
t ®0 çè t 2 ÷ø
– lim ç ÷4 Þ n2 (a – n) – n = 0 Þ an – n2 – 1 = 0
=e = e t ®0 è 2 t ø = e -2
n2 + 1 1
43. (b) 2 2
x + 4 x + 5 = ( x + 2) + 1 ³ 1. So, a = 1 Þ a= =n+
n n
2 sin 2 q
b = lim =2
q®0 q2
Limits and Derivatives 201

é 50. (b)
3 3 cot 4 x ù
46. (a) hlim êcosec x × cot x - 2cot x × cosecx + ú cos 2 x
®0 êë sec x úû é 2 2 2 ù
lim ê11/ cos x + 21/ cos x + .... + n1/ cos x ú
pë û
æ cos x 2cos3 x cos5 x ö x®
= lim ç - + ÷ 2
x ®0 çè sin 4 x sin 4 x sin 4 x ÷ø
= lim (1t + 2t + .... + nt )1/ t
t ®¥
cos x(1 - cos2 x ) 2 = lim cos x = 1.
= lim
x ®0 sin 4 x x®0 é 1 ù
ê On putting = t ³ 1ú
2
é x2 ë cos x û
xù
47. (d) Consider lim ê - ú 1/ t
x ®¥ ëê 3x - 2 3 ûú é æ 1 öt æ 2 ö t æ nö ù
t
t 1/ t
= lim (n ) êç ÷ + ç ÷ + .... + ç ÷ ú
n n è n ø ûú
é 3x 2 - x (3x - 2) ù 2x
t ®¥
ëêè ø è ø
= lim ê ú = lim
x ®¥ êë 3(3 x - 2) úû x ®¥ 3(3 x - 2) 1/ t
é æ 1 ö t æ 2 öt ænö ù
t
= n lim êç ÷ + ç ÷ + .... + ç ÷ ú
t ®¥ ê è n ø ènø è n ø úû
2 1 2 ë
= lim = 0
= n (0 + 0 + ...... + 1) = n.
x ®¥ 3 æ 2ö 9
ç3 - ÷ 51. (c)
48. (b) è xø
lim log e (sin x) tan x = lim tan x × log e sin x
æ xn
xnö x ®0 x ®0
x ç æ 2 ö ex ÷
1 1 (3) ç ç ÷ -1÷
e (0 × ¥ form)
n x n x çç è 3 ø ÷÷
(2x ) e - (3x )e è ø log e sin x æ¥ ö
L = lim = lim = lim ç form ÷
x®¥ xn x®¥ xn x ®0 cot x è¥ ø
xn n! cot x
Now, lim = lim =0 = lim [Using L'Hospital's rule]
x ®¥ e x x ®¥ e x x ®0 -cosec 2 x
(Applying L'Hospital's rule n times ) = lim ( - cos x × sin x ) = 0.
Hence, x ®0
æ xn ö
ç æ 2 ö ex ÷
ç ç ÷ - 1÷ 52. (d) By using the rule, lim sin x = 1
x n 3
çç è ø ÷÷ x® 0 x
x
L = lim (3) lim
e è ø lim 1
x ®¥ x ®¥ x n x ®¥ e x 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1
We get, req. limit = . . . . . . . .
9 10 7 8 5 6 3 4 2
ex
= 1 × log (2/3) × 0 = 0. 1
2 2n
=
(1 - x )(1 - x )....(1 - x ) 2
49. (b) lim
x ®1 {(1 - x)(1 - x 2
)...(1 - x )}2
n x
53. (d) lim
x ®0 1 - cosx
æ1- x öæ1 - x ö æ 1 - x2n ö
2
ç ÷ç ÷ ... ç ÷ x
è 1 - x ø çè 1 - x ÷ ç 1- x ÷
= lim ø è ø = xlim
®0 æ xö
x ®1 æ
ö æ 1- xn ö ö
2 1 - ç1 - 2 sin 2 ÷
æ 1- x ö æ1- x
2
çç è 2ø
ç ÷ ... ç ÷÷
ç è 1 - x ÷ø ç 1 - x ÷ ç 1- x ÷÷
è è ø è øø x 1 x
1 ´ 2 ´ 3....(2n) (2n)! 2 n = xlim = lim
= = = Cn ®0 x 2 x®0 x
2 n !n ! 2 sin 2 sin
(1´ 2 ´ 3....n) 2 2
 EBD_7588
202 Mathematics Objective MCQs

x = lim (- cos x) = 0.
lim p-
L.H.L = f (0 – 0) = h ®0 x x®
sin 2
2
\ y = e0 = 1 Now, limit is (1 + 1)2 = 22 = 4.
æ hö
2ç ÷ 1 - cos(ax 2 + bx + c)
1 è 2ø lim
=- lim 56. (c)
2 x ®0 sin h x®a ( x - a )2
2
æ ax2 + bx + c ö
1 æ q ö 2sin2 ç ÷
2
= ´ 2 ´1 çQ lim = 1÷
= lim
è ø
2 è q®0 sin q ø x®a ( x - a )2
= 2
2
f (0 + h) é a( x - a )( x - b) ù
R H L = f (0 + 0) = hlim ê sin
®0
2 ú a 2 ( x - b) 2
= lim 2 ê ú ´
æhö x ®a ê a ( x - a )( x - b) ú 4
2ç ÷ ë 2 û
1 2 1
= lim è ø = ´ 2 ´1
2 h ®0 sin h 2 a2
2 (α - β) 2 =
2
LHL ¹ RHL = 2 [using ax2 + bx + c = a (x – a) (x – b)]
Therefore limit does not exist. 1/ n
57. (b) f ( x ) = lim n( x1/ n - 1) = lim x - 1
xf (2) - 2 f ( x ) æ 0ö n®¥ n ®¥ 1/ n
54. (c) We have, lim çè ÷ø
x ®2 x-2 0
xm -1 æ 1 ö
= lim = Inx ç where is replaced by m ÷
m®0 m è n ø
By applying ‘L’ Hopital rule, we get
= lim f (2) - 2 f ¢( x ) = f (2) - 2 f ¢ (2) or f ( xy ) = ln( xy ) = ln x + ln y = f ( x) + f ( y )
x® 2 58. (c) Given that f : R ® R such that
= 4 – 2 ´ 4 = – 4. f (1) = 3 and f ' (1) = 6
1/ x
55. (d) Given lim [1 + (cos x )cos x ]2 é f (1 + x ) ù
p- Then lim ê ú
x® x ®0 ë f (1) û
2
1
cos x lim [log f (1+ x )- log f (1)]
Let y = lim (cos x ) = e x®0 x
-
p
x®
2 1
f '(1+ x )
f (1+ x ) f '(1)
log( y ) = lim (cos x) log cos x lim
p - = e x®0 1
=e
f (1)
= e6 / 3 = e2
x®
2 [Using L Hospital rule]
log(cos x ) æ ¥ ö tan 2 x - n sin x
log( y ) = lim form ÷ 59. (a) lim =I
p - sec( x ) çè ¥ ø x ®0 x3
x®
2
Applying L'Hospital's rule 8 x3 nx3
2x + .... - nx +
= lim 3! 3! = I
- sin x
log( y ) = lim x ®0 x3
p- cos x(sec x tan x )
x®
2
Limits and Derivatives 203

æ 16 + n ö 3 1
(2 - n) x + ç ÷ x + ...
è 6 ø 62. (c) Lim (cos) x
sin is 1¥ form
= lim =I x ®0
x ®0 x3
1
Lim (cos x -1)
16 + n = sin x
e x®0
Þ n = 2 and, thus required value = 6 = 3.
-2sin 2 x / 2
Lim æ xö
rα rα x ® 0 2sin x cos x
Lim ç - tan ÷ = e° = 1
60. (c) z r = cos+ i sin 2 ; =e 2 2 = e x ® 0è 2ø
n2 n
cosec x
α α ì1 + tan x ü
z1 = cos 2 + i sin 2 ; 63. (b) Consider lim í ý
n n x®0 î 1 + sin x þ

2α 2α 1/ cos x
z2 = cos 2 + i sin 2 ;... , é cos x ù
n n ê æ 1 + sin x ö sin x ú
na na ê çè cos x ÷ø ú
zn = cos + i sin êë úû
n 2
n2 = lim 1/ sin x
x®0 (1 + sin x )
consider lim ( z1 z2 z3 ......zn )
n ®¥ n
æ 1ö
é ìa We know, lim ç 1 + ÷ = e
ü n® 0 è nø
= lim êcos í 2 (1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n )ý
n®¥ ë în þ
1/ cos x
ìa üù é cos x ù
+ i sin í (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n)ýú ê æ 1 + sin x ö sin x ú
în
2
þû ê çè cos x ÷ø ú
êë úû
\ lim
é an(n + 1) an( n + 1) ù x®0 (1 + sin x )1/sin x
= lim êcos + i sin
n®¥ ë 2n 2
2n 2 úû
1

( ) ( ) é cos x ù cos x
cosα 1 + 1 i sinα 1 + 1 ê æ ö sin x ú
= lim n + n
2 2 êç 1 ÷ ú
ê ç1 + cos x ÷
x ®¥
ú
ia êç ÷ ú
a a êè sin x ø ú
= cos + i sin = e 2 = lim
ë û
2 2 x®0 é cosec x ù
æ 1 ö
1 ê ç1 + ÷ ú
61. (b) We know that lim (1 + x ) x = e êë è cosec x ø úû
x ®¥
2x 1
æ a bö 2
lim
We have lim ç1 + + ÷ =e e x®0
cos x
e
x ®¥ è x x2 ø = = = 1.
e e
æ 1 ö æa b ö 64. (c) We have
2x +
é ç a b ÷ ù çè x x 2 ÷ø
+
êæ a b ö çè x x 2 ÷ø ú æ a ö
Þ lim êç 1 + + 2 ÷ ú = e2 tan ç x ÷
x ®¥ è x x ø æ a ö a è2 ø æ0 ö
ê ú lim 2 x-1 tan ç ÷ = lim ç form ÷
ë û x®¥ è 2x ø x®¥ 2 æ a ö è0 ø
ç x÷
é bù
lim 2 ê a + ú è2 ø
2a 2
Þ e x®¥ ë x û = e2 Þ e = e a tan y a æ a ö
= lim = ç where y = x ÷
Þ a = 1 and b Î R 2 y ®0 y 2 è 2 ø
 EBD_7588
204 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n tan 2 x(sin 2 x - 3sin x + 2)

65. (d) lim = lim
n ®¥ 12 2 2
+ 2 + 3 + .... + n 2
x ®p / 2 2sin 2 x + 3sin x + 4 + sin 2 x + 6 sin x + 2
n(n + 1) sin 2 x(sin x - 1)(sin x - 2)
2 = lim
lim x®p / 2
(1 - sin 2 x)( 2sin 2 x + 3sin x + 4 + sin 2 x + 6sin x + 2)
= n ®¥ n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6 -sin2 x(sin x - 2)
= lim
x®p / 2 (1+ sin x)( 2sin2 x + 3sin x + 4 + sin2 x + 6sin x + 2)
3
\ lim =0
n ®¥ 2n + 1 1 1
= = .
n(n + 1) 2( 9 + 9) 12
Note : 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n =
2 1
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 69. (d) f(x) = x, g(x) =
12 + 22 + 32 + .... + n2 = x
6 lim f (x) = 0, lim g(x) = does not exist
x ®0 x®0
sin 2x
+4
sin 2x + 4x
= lim [ x 2 ] = 0
x é f (x) ù
66. (c) lim = lim But lim ê
x ® 0 2x + sin 4x x ®0 sin 4x x ® 0 ë g(x) úû x ®0
2+
x Hence, none of these is only true option.

2ç
æ sin 2x ö
+4 70. (c) lim é 3 ( n + 1) 2 - 3 ( n - 1) 2 ù
è 2x ÷ø n®¥ ëê ûú
= lim
x®0 æ sin 4x ö éæ 1 ö2 / 3 æ 1 ö2 / 3 ù
2 + 4ç
è 4x ÷ø = lim n 2 / 3 ê ç 1 + ÷ - ç1 - ÷ ú
n ®¥ êëè n ø è n ø úû
2+ 4
Applying limit, we get =1 éæ 2æ2 ö ö
2+ 4 êç 2 1 ç - 1÷ 1 ÷
3 2 ø
= lim n2 / 3 êç1 + × + è .... ÷
n ®¥ êç 3 n 2! n2 ÷
67. (b) Given 3 = xlim (1 + a sin x )cosecx [1¥ form] êç ÷
®0 ëè ø
Put sin x = 4 \ when x ® 0, y ® 0 æ 2æ2 ö öù
ç 2 1 3 ç 3 - 1÷ 1 ÷ ú
(1 + a sin x ) cosec x = Lim(1 + ay )1/ y = ea
\ Lim
x®0 y ®0 - ç1 - × + è ø .... ÷ ú
ç 3 n 2! n2 ÷ ú
\ ea = 3 Þ a = loge3 = ln 3. ç ÷ú
68. (c) è øû
é 4 1 8 1 ù
lim tan 2 x( 2sin 2 x + 3sin x + 4 - sin 2 x + 6sin x + 2) = lim n 2 / 3 ê × + × + ....ú
x ®p / 2 n ®¥ ë 3 n 81 n3 û
(2sin 2 x + 3sin x + 4 - sin 2 x - 6sin x - 2)
= lim tan2 x é4 1 8 1 ù
x®p / 2 2sin 2 x + 3sin x + 4 + sin 2 x + 6sin x + 2 =ê × + × + ....ú = 0
1/ 3 7 / 3
ë3 n 81 n û
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 Mathematical
14
Reasoning
1. If S(p, q, r) = (~p) Ú [~(q Ù r)] is a compound 10. Consider the statement p : 'New Delhi is a city'.
statement, then S(~p, ~q, ~r) is Which of the following is not negation of p?
(a) ~S(p, q, r) (b) S(p, q, r) (a) New Delhi is not a city
(c) p Ú (q Ù r) (d) p Ú (q Ú r) (b) It is false that New Delhi is a city
2. Which of the following is the inverse of the (c) It is not the case that New Delhi is a city
proposition : “If a number is a prime then it is (d) None of these
11. Which of the following is not a proposition
odd.”
(a) If a number is not a prime then it is odd (a) 3 is a prime
(b) If a number is not a prime then it is not odd (b) 2 is irrational
(c) If a number is not odd then it is not a prime (c) Mathematics is interesting
(d) If a number is not odd then it is a prime (d) 5 is an even integer
3. Which of the following is a statement? 12. Which of the following is always true?
(a) Open the door. (a) (~p Ú ~ q) º (p Ù q)
(b) Do your home work. (b) (p ® q) º (~q ® ~p)
(c) Switch on the fan. (c) ~ (p ® ~q) º (p Ù ~q)
(d) Two plus two is four. (d) ~ (p « q) º (p ® q) ® (q ® p)
4. Truth value of the statement ‘It is false that 13. The statement p ® (q®p) is equivalent to
3 + 3 = 33 or 1 + 2 = 12’ is (a) p ® (p® q) (b) p ® (p Ú q)
(a) T (b) F (c) p ® (p Ù q) (d) p ® (p «q)
14. The inverse of the statement (p Ù ~ q) ® r is
(c) both T and F (d) 54 (a) ~ (p Ú ~q) ® ~ r (b) (~p Ù q) ® ~ r
5. Which of the following statement is a (c) (~p Ú q) ® ~ r (d) None of these
contradiction? 15. Identify the false statements
(a) (~p Ú ~q) Ú (p Ú ~q) (a) ~ [p Ú (~ q)] º (~ p) Ú q
(b) (p ® q) Ú (p Ù ~q) (b) [p Ú q] Ú (~ p) is a tautology
(c) (~p Ù q) Ù (~q) (c) [p Ù q) Ù (~ p) is a contradiction
(d) (~p Ù q) Ú (~q) (d) ~ [p Ú q] º (~ p) Ú (~ q)
6. Which of the following is not a statement? 16. Let p and q be any two logical statements and
(a) Please do me a favour r : p ® (: p Ú q) . If r has a truth value F, then
(b) 2 is an even integer the truth values of p and q are respectively :
(c) 2 + 1 = 3 (a) F, F (b) T, T (c) T, F (d) F, T
(d) The number 17 is prime 17. If : p Raju is tall and q: Raju is intelligent, then the
7. Negation of “Paris in France and London is in symbolic statement ~ pÚ q means
England” is (a) Raju is not tall or he is intelligent.
(a) Paris is in England and London is in France (b) Raju is tall or he is intelligent
(b) Paris is not in France or London is not in (c) Raju is not tall and he is intelligent
England (d) Raju is not tall implies he is intelligent
(c) Paris is in England or London is in France 18. Negation of the conditional : “If it rains, I shall
go to school” is
(d) None of these (a) It rains and I shall go to school
8. The contrapositive of p ® (~q ® ~r) is – (b) It rains and I shall not go to school
(a) (~ q Ù r) ® ~ p (b) (q ® r) ® ~p (c) It does not rains and I shall go to school
(c) (q Ú ~r) ® ~ p (d) None of these (d) None of these
9. If p : It is snowing, q : I am cold, then the 19. If p Þ (q Ú r) is false, then the truth values of
compound statement “It is snowing and it is not
that I am cold” is given by p, q, r are respectively
(a) p Ù (~ q) (b) p Ù q (a) T, F, F (b) F, F, F
(c) (~ p) Ù q (d) (~ p) Ù (~ q) (c) F, T, T (d) T, T, F
 EBD_7588
206 Mathematics Objective MCQs
20. Consider the two statements P: He is intelligent 28. If p is false and q is true, then
and Q: He is strong. Then the symbolic form of (a) p Ù q is true (b) p Ú ~ q is true
the statement ‘‘It is not true that he is either (c) q Ù p is true (d) p Þ q is true
intelligent or strong’’ is
29. The propositions ( p Þ ~ p) Ù ( ~ p Þ p) is a
(a) ~ P Ú Q (b) ~ P Ù ~ Q
(a) Tautology and contradiction
(c) ~ P Ù Q (d) ~ ( P Ú Q) (b) Neither tautology nor contradiction
21. If p : Ashok works hard (c) Contradiction
q : Ashok gets good grade (d) Tautology
30. Which of the following is not logically equivalent
The verbal form for (~ p ® q) is to the proposition : “A real number is either
(a) If Ashok works hard then gets good grade rational or irrational.”
(b) If Ashok does not work hard then he gets (a) If a number is neither rational nor irrational
good grade then it is not real
(c) If Ashok does not work hard then he does (b) If a number is not a rational or not an
not get good grade irrational, then it is not real
(d) Ashok works hard if and only if he gets (c) If a number is not real, then it is neither
grade rational nor irrational
22. For integers m and n, both greater than 1, consider (d) If a number is real, then it is rational or
the following three statements : irrational.
P : m divides n 31. The negation of the statement “A circle is an
Q : m divides n2 ellipse” is
R : m is prime, then (a) an ellipse is a circle
(a) Q Ù R ® P (b) P Ù Q ® R (b) an ellipse is not a circle
(c) a circle is not an ellipse
(c) Q®R (d) Q®P (d) a circle is an ellipse
23. If p Þ (~ p Ú q) is false, the truth values of p 32. Which of the following is false?
(a) p Ú ~ p is a tautology
and q are respectively (b) ~ (~p) « p is a tautology
(a) F, T (b) F, F (c) T, T (d) T, F (c) p Ù ~ p is a contradiction
24. The negation of the statement (p Ù q) ® (~ p Ú r) is (d) ((p Ù q) ® q) ® p is a tautology
(a) (p Ù q) Ú (p Ú ~ r) 33. Which of the following is always true?
(b) (p Ù q) Ú (p Ù ~ r)
(c) (p Ù q) Ù (p Ù~ r) (a) (~ p Þ q) = ~ q Þ ~ p
(d) p Ú q (b) (~ p Ú q) º Ú p Ú ~ q
25. Let p, q and r be any three logical statements.
(c) ~ ( p Þ q) º p Ù ~ q
Which of the following is true?
(a) ~ [ p Ù (~ q)] º (~ p) Ù q (d) ~ ( p Ú q) º ~ p Ù ~ q
34. The contrapositive of the inverse of p Þ ~q is
(b) ~ [( p Ú q ) Ù (~ r ) º (~ p) Ú (~ q) Ú (~ r ) (a) ~q Þ p (b) p Þ q
(c) ~ [ p Ú (~ q)] º (~ p) Ù q (c) ~q Þ ~p (d) ~p Þ ~q
35. In the truth table for the statement
(d) ~ [ p Ú (~ q)] º (~ p)Ù ~ q (p ® q)«( ~ p Ú q), the last column has the truth
26. ( p Ù ~ q) Ù (~ p Ù q) is value in the following order is
(a) TTFF (b) FFFF
(a) a tautology (c) TTTT (d) FTFT
(b) a contradiction 36. If p : 4 is an even prime number, q : 6 is a divisor
(c) both a tautology and a contradiction of 12 and r: the HCF of 4 and 6 is 2, then which
(d) neither a tautology nor a contradiction one of the following is true?
27. Consider the two statements P: He is intelligent
and Q: He is strong. Then the symbolic form of (a) ( p Ù q ) (b) ( p Ú q)Ù ~ r
the statement ‘‘It is not true that he is either (c) ~ (q Ù r ) p (d) ~ p Ú (q Ù r )
intelligent or strong’’ is 37. Which of the following is a contradiction?
(a) ~ P Ú Q (b) ~ P Ù ~ Q (a) (p Ù q)Ù ~ (p Ú q) (b) p Ú ( - p Ù q)
(c) ~ PÙQ (d) ~ ( P Ú Q) (c) (p Þ q) Þ p (d) None of these
Mathematical Reasoning 207
38. Consider the following statements 44. ~ ( p Þ q) Û ~ pÚ ~ q is
p : A tumbler is half empty. (a) A tautology
q : A tumbler is half full. (b) A contradiction
Then, the combination form of “p if and only if (c) Neither a tautology nor a contradiction
q” is (d) Cannot come to any conclusion
(a) a tumbler is half empty and half full 45. If p is any statement, then which of the following
(b) a tumbler is half empty if and only if it is is a tautology?
half full
(c) Both (a) and (b) (a) p Ù f (b) p Ú f
(d) None of the above (c) p Ú (~ p) (d) p Ù t
39. The contrapositive of ( p Ú q) Þ r is 46. The false statement of the following is
(a) r Þ ( p Ú q) (b) ~ r Þ ( p Ú q)
(c) ~ r Þ ~ p Ù ~ q (d) p Þ (q Ú r) (a) p Ù (~ p) is a contradiction
40. The negation of (p Ú ~ q) Ù q is (b) ( p Þ q) Û (~ q Þ~ p) is a contradiction
(a) (~p Ú q) Ù ~ q (b) (p Ù ~ q) Ú q
(c) (~ p Ù q) Ú ~ q (d) (p Ù ~ q) Ú ~ q (c) ~ (~ p) Û p is a tautology
41. Let p be the proposition : Mathematics is a (d) p Ú (~ p) Û p is a tautology
interesting and let q be the propositions that
Mathematics is difficult, then the symbol 47. Negation of the proposition : If we control
p Ù q meeans population growth, we prosper
(a) If we do not control population growth, we
(a) Mathematics is interesting ipllies that prosper
Mathematics is difficult (b) If we control population growth, we do not
(b) Mathematics is interesting implies and is prosper
implied by Mathematics is difficult (c) We control population but we do not
(c) Mathematics is interesting and Mathematics prosper
is difficult (d) We do not control population, but we
(d) Mathematics is interesting or Mathematics prosper
is difficult 48. The inverse of the statement, ' If x is zero then we
42. Which of the following is true? cannot divide by x' is
(a) p Þ q º ~ p Þ ~ q (a) If we cannot divide by x, then x is zero
(b) ~ (p Þ ~ q) º ~ p Ù q (b) If we cannot divide by x, then x is not zero
(c) If x is not zero then we divide by x
(c) ~ (~ p Þ ~ q) º ~ p Ù q (d) none.
(d) ~ (~ p Û q) º [~ (p Þ q)Ù ~ (q Þ p)] 49. The statement “If 22 = 5 then I get first class” is
logically equivalent to
43. The contrapositive of the statement, ' If I do not
secure good marks th en I cannot go for (a) 22 = 5 and I do not get first class
engineering', is (b) 22 = 5 or I do not get first class
(a) If I secure good marks, then I go for (c) 22 ¹ 5 or I get first class
engineering (d) None of these
(b) If I go for engineering then I secure good 50. If p and q are two statement then (p « ~q) is true
marks when –
(a) p and q both are true
(c) If I cannot go for engineering then I donot (b) p and q both are false
secure good marks (c) p is false and q is true
(d) none (d) None of these

Answer KEYs
1 (d) 6 (a) 11 (c) 16 (c) 21 (b) 26 (b) 31 (c) 36 (d) 41 (c) 46 (b)
2 (b) 7 (b) 12 (b) 17 (a) 22 (a) 27 (d) 32 (d) 37 (a) 42 (c) 47 (c)
3 (d) 8 (a) 13 (d) 18 (b) 23 (d) 28 (d) 33 (c) 38 (b) 43 (b) 48 (c)
4 (a) 9 (a) 14 (c) 19 (a) 24 (c) 29 (c) 34 (a) 39 (c) 44 (c) 49 (c)
5 (c) 10 (d) 15 (d) 20 (d) 25 (c) 30 (b) 35 (c) 40 (c) 45 (c) 50 (c)
 EBD_7588
208 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1. (d) S(p, q, r) = (~ p) Ú [~ (q Ù r)] 12. (b) Since ~(p Ú q) º (~p Ù ~q) and ~ (p Ù q) º
S(~ p, ~ q, ~ r) = ~ (~ p) Ú [~ (~ q Ù ~ r)] (~p Ú q)
= p Ú [~ (~ q) Ú ~ (~ r)] = p Ú (q Ú r) So option (b) and (d) are not true.
2. (b) p : A number is a prime (p ®q) º p Ù ~q), so option (c) is not true.
Q : It is odd. Now p ® q ~p Ú q
We have p Þ q ~ q ® ~p º [~ (~q) Ú ~p] º q Ú ~p º ~p Ú q
The inverse of p Þ q is ~ p Þ ~ q p ® q º ~q ® ~p
i.e., if a number is not a prime then it is not odd. 13. (d) Let us make the truth table for the given
3. (d) 'Two plus two is four', is a statement. statements, as follows :
4. (a) p : 3 + 3 = 33, q : 1 + 2 = 12 p q p Úq q ®p p ®(q ® p ) p ®(p Ú q )
Truth values of both p and q is F. T T T T T T
\ ~(F Ú F) º ~F º T T F T T T T
5. (c) We consider following truth table. F T T F T T
F F F T T T
p q ~p ~q p Ù q p Ú q (~(p Ú q) (p Ù q) Ù (~(p Ú q)
T T F F T T F F From table we observe
T F F T F T F F p ® (q®p) is equivalent to p®(pÚq)
F T T F F T F F 14. (c) The inverse of the proposition (p Ù ~ q) ® r is
F F T T F F T F
~ (p Ù ~ q) ® ~ r
º ~ p Ú ~ (~q) ® ~ r
Clearly last column of the above truth table con- º~pÚq®~r
tains only F. Hence (p Ù q) Ù (~(p Ú q) is a 15. (d) Since ~ (p Ú q) º ~ pÙ ~ q
contradiction (By De-Morgans’ law)
\ ~ (p Ú q) ¹ ~ p Ú ~ q
6. (a) “Please do me a favour” is not a statement.
\ (d) is the false statement
7. (b) Let p : Paris is in France, q : London is in 16. (c) p ® (~ p Ú q) has truth value F.
England It means p ® (~ p Ú q) is false.
\ we have p Ù q It means p is true and ~ p Ú q is false.
Þ p is true and both ~ p and q are false.
Its negation is ~ ( p Ù q) =~ pÚ ~ q
Þ p is true and q is false.
i.e., Paris is not in France or London is not in 17. (a) ~ p Ú q : Raju is not tall or he is intelligent.
England. 18. (b) p : It rains, q : I shall go to school
8. (a) We know that the contropositive of p ® q is Thus, we have p Þ q
~ q ® ~ p. So contra positive of p ® (~q ® ~r) is
Its negation is ~ (p Þ q) i.e. p Ù ~ q
~ (~q ® ~r) ® ~p º ~ q Ù [~ (~r)] ~p
Q ~ (p ® q) º p Ù ~q º ~ q Ù r ® ~p i.e. It is rains and I shall not go to school.
9. (a) p Ù (~q) shows the compound statement. 19. (a) p Þ q is false only when p is true and q is
10. (d) All the statements in (a), (b) and (c) are false.
equivalent and each is the negation of p. \ p Þ q is false when p is true and q Ú r is false,
11. (c) Mathematics is interesting is not a logical and q Ú r is false when both q and r are false.
sentence. It may be interesting for some persons 20. (d) Given : P : He is intelligent.
are may not be interesting for others.
\ This is not a propositions.
Mathematical Reasoning 209
Q = He is strong. 29. (c)
Symbolic form of
“It is not true that he is either intelligent or p ~ p p Þ~ p ~ p Þ p ( p Þ~ p) Ù(~ p Þ p)
strong” is ~ (P Ú Q) T F F T F
21. (b) ~p : Ashok does not work hard F T T F F
Use '®' symbol for then
(~p ® q) mean = If Ashok does not work hard Clearly, ( p Þ~ p ) Ù (~ p Þ p) is a
then he gets good grade.
contradiction.
8 64 30. (b) It is correct.
22. (a) (b) = 2, = 16 ; but 4 is not prime.
4 4 Q 3 is not rational but it is real.
31. (c) The negation of statement “A circle is an
Hence P Ù Q ® R, false
ellipse” is “A circle is not an ellipse”.
(6)2 36 32. (d) The truth value of ~(~p) « p as follow
(c) = = 3 ; but 12 is not prime
12 12 p ~p ~(~p ) ~(~p) ® p p ® ~(~p ) ~(~p )« p
Hence Q ® R, false T F T T T T
2 F T F T T T
(4) 16 4
(d) = = 2 ; is not an integer Since last column of above truth table contains
8 8 8
only T.
Hence Q ® P, false
Hence ~ (~p) ® p is a tautology.
23. (d) p Þ (~ p Ú q) is false means p is true and
33. (c) p Þ q º~ p Ú q \~ ( p Þ q) º pÙ ~ q.
~ p Ú q is false.
34. (a) The inverse of p Þ ~q is ~p Þ q.
Þ p is true and both ~p and q are false The contrapositive of ~p Þ q is ~q Þ p.
Þ p is true and q is false. [Q contrapositive of p Þ q is ~q Þ ~p].
24. (c) ~[( p Ù q) ® (~ p Ú r) ] º ( p Ù q) Ú 35. (c)
[~ (~ p Ú r)]
º (p Ù q) Ù (p Ù ~ r) p q p®q ~p ~pÚ q (p®q)«(~pÚ q)
25. (c) Statement given in option (c) is correct. T T T F T T
~ [p Ú (~ q) ] = (~ p) Ù ~ (~ q) = (~ p) Ù q T F F F F T
26. (b) F T T T T T
F F T T T T
( p Ù ~ q) Ù (~ p Ù q) = ( p Ù ~ q) Ù (~ q Ù q)
36. (d) Given that
= fÙf = f
p : 4 is an even prime number.
(By using associative laws and commutative q : 6 is a divisor of 12.
laws) and r : the HCF of 4 and 6 is 2.
\( pÙ ~ q) Ù (~ p Ù q) is a contradiction. \ ~ p Ú (q Ù r ) is true.
27. (d) Given : P : He is intelligent. 37. (a)
Q = He is strong.
Symbolic form of p q p Ù q p Ú q ~ (p Ú q) (p Ù q) Ù ~ (p Ú q)
“It is not true that he is either intelligent or
strong” is ~ (P Ú Q) T T T T F F
28. (d) When p is false and q is true, then p Ù q is T F F T F F
false, pÚ ~ q is false. (Q both p and ~q F T F T F F
are false) F F F F T F
and q Þ p is also false,
only p Þ q is true. \ (p Ù q) Ù (~ (p Ú q)) is a contradiction.
 EBD_7588
210 Mathematics Objective MCQs
38. (b) The given statements are 44. (c)
p : A tumbler is half empty.
~ ( p Þ q) Û
q : A tumbler is half full. p q p Þ q ~ ( p Þ q) ~ p ~ q ~ pÚ ~ q
~ pÚ ~ q
We know that, if the first statement happens,
T T T F F F F T
then the second happens and also if the second T F F T F T T T
happens, then the first happens. We can express F T T F T F T F
this fact as F F T F T T T F
If a tumbler is half empty, then it is half full. Last column shows that result is neither a
If a tumbler is half full, then it is half empty. tautology nor a contradiction.
We combine these two statements and get the 45. (c) Whatever the truth value of p may be, p Ú
following. A tumbler is half empty, if and only if (~p) is always true. Hence, p Ú ~(p) is a tautology..
it is half full. 46. (b) p Þ q is logically equivalent to
39. (c) Contrapositive of p Þ q is ~ q Þ ~ p ~ p Þ~ q
\ contrapositive of ( p Ú q) Þ r is
\ ( p Þ q) Û (~ q Þ ~ p) is a tautology but
~ r Þ ~ ( p Ú q) i.e. ~ r Þ (~ p Ù ~ q)
not a contradiction.
40. (c) ~ {(p Ú (~ q)) Ù q} = (~ (p Ú (~ q))) Ú (~ q)
47. (c) p : we control population, q : we prosper
By De Morgan’s Law,
\ we have p Þ q
~ (A Ù B) = (~ A) Ú (~ B)
= ((~ p) Ù (~ (~ q))) Ú (~ q)[Using De Morgan’s Its negation is ~ (p Þ q) i.e. p Ù ~ q
law again] i.e., we control population but we do not prosper.
= (~ p Ù q) Ú (~ q) [Q ~ (~ q) = q] 48. (c) The inverse of the given statement is
‘If x is not zero then we devide by x’
41. (c) p Ù q means Mathematics is interesting and
49. (c) Let p and q be two proposition given by
Mathematics is difficult. p : 22 = 5, q : 1 get first class
42. (c) ~ (p Þ q) º p Ù ~ q Here give statement is p ® q
So contrapositive of p ® q is ~q ® ~p
\ ~ (~ p Þ ~ q) º ~ p Ù ~ (~ q) º ~ p Ù q i.e. if I do not get first class then 22 ¹ 5.
Thus ~ (~ p Þ ~ q) º ~ p Ù q 50. (c) We know that p « q is true if p and q both are
true or false.
43. (b) The contra positive of the given statement so p « ~ q is true when if p and ~q is true.
is ‘If I go for engineering then I secure good i.e., p is true and q is false.
marks’ or p and ~q is false, i.e. p is false and q is true.
 15 Statistics
1. The mean of the numbers a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6 and the (a) x =y ¹ z (b) x ¹ y =z
variance is 6.80. Then which one of the following (c) x ¹ y ¹ z (d) x = y = z
gives possible values of a and b ? 7. If the standard deviation of the observations –5,
(a) a = 0, b = 7 (b) a = 5, b = 2
–4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is 10. The standard
(c) a = 1, b = 6 (d) a = 3, b = 4
deviation of observations 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
2. Suppose a population A has 100 observations
21, 22, 23, 24, 25 will be
101, 102, ............., 200 and another population B
has 100 obsevrations 151, 152, ................ 250. If (a) 10 + 20 (b) 10 + 10
VA and VB represent the variances of the two (c) (d) None of these
10
V 8. If mean of the n observations x1, x2, x3,... xn be x ,
populations, respectively then A is
VB then the mean of n observations 2x1 + 3, 2x2 + 3,
2x3 + 3, ...., 2xn + 3 is
(a) 3x + 2 (b) 2x + 3
9 4 2 (c) x + 3 (d) 2x
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
4 9 3 9. If the mean deviation of the numbers 1, 1 + d,
3. The mean of n items is x . If the first term is 1 + 2d, .... 1 + 100d from their mean is 255, then d
increased by 1, second by 2 and so on, then new is equal to :
mean is (a) 20.0 (b) 10.1 (c) 20.2 (d) 10.0
n 10. The variance of the following distribution is
(a) x + n (b) x +
2
n +1 xi 2 3 11
(c) x + (d) None of these 1 1 1
2 f ( xi )
4. The mean weight per student in a group of seven 3 2 6
students is 55 kg. If the individual weights of six (a) 10 (b) 16 (c) 8 (d) 7.5
students are 52, 58, 55, 53, 56 and 54, then the 11. A school has four sections of chemistry in class
weight of the seventh student is XII having 40, 35, 45 and 42 students. The mean
(a) 55 kg (b) 60 kg (c) 57 kg (d) 50 kg marks obtained in Chemistry test are 50, 60, 55
5. The scores of 15 students in an examination were and 45 respectively for the four sections, the over
recorded as 10, 5, 8, 16, 18, 20, 8, 10, 16, 20, 18, 11, all average of marks per students is
16, 14 and 12. After calculating the mean, median (a) 53 (b) 45 (c) 55.3 (d) 52. 25
and mode, an error is found. One of the values is 12. In a study of two groups, the following results
wrongly written as 16 instead of 18. Which of were obtained:
the following measures of central tendency will
change? Group Group
(a) Mean and median (b) Median and mode A B
(c) Mode only (d) Mean and mode Sample Size 20 25
6. For the data 3, 5, 1, 6, 5, 9, 5, 2, 8, 6 the mean, Sample mean 22 23
median and mode are x, y and z respectively. Sample standard 10 12
Which one of the following is correct? deviation
 EBD_7588
212 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Group A is less variable than Group B åx 2
= 2288, å y2 = 5506 and å xy = 3467 .
because Group A’s standard deviation is What is line of regression of y on x?
smaller. (a) y = 0.91 x + 8.74 (b) y = 1.02x + 8.74
(b) Group A is less variable than Group B (c) y = 1. 02x –7.02 (d) y = 0.91 x –7.02
because Group A’s sample size is smaller. 20. Mean of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ...., n with respective
(c) Group A is less variable than Group B weights 12 + 1, 22 + 2, 32 + 3, ..., n2 + n is
because Group A’s sample mean is smaller.
(d) Group A is less variable than group B 3n (n + 1) 2n + 1
because Group A’s coefficient of variation (a) (b)
2(2n + 1) 3
is smaller.
13. The mean of five numbers is 30. If one number is 3n + 1 3n + 1
excluded, their mean becomes 28. The excluded (c) (d)
4 2
number is
21. The mean and S.D. of the marks of 200 candidates
(a) 28 (b) 30 (c) 35 (d) 38
were found to be 40 and 15 respectively. Later, it
14. If the arithmetic mean of the numbers
was discovered that a score of 40 was wrongly
x1, x2 , x3 ,......xn is x . then the arithmetic mean read as 50. The correct mean and S.D. respectively
of numbers ax1 + b, ax2 + b , ax3 + b,..... axn + b , are
(a) 14.98, 39.95 (b) 39.95, 14.98
where a, b are two constants would be
(c) 39.95, 224.5 (d) None of these
(a) x (b) na x + nb 22. The mean income of a group of 50 persons was
(c) ax (d) a x +b calculated as ` 169. Later it was discovered that
one figure was wrongly taken as 134 instead of
15. In an experiment with 15 observations on X, the correct value 143. The correct mean should be
following results were available Sx2 = 2830, (in `)
Sx = 170. On observation that was 20 was found (a) 168 (b) 169 (c) 168.92 (d) 169.18
to be wrong and was replaced by the correct 23. The mean and S.D. of the marks of 200 candidates
value 30. Then the corrected variance is were found to be 40 and 15 respectively. Later, it
(a) 78.00 (b) 188.66 was discovered that a score of 40 was wrongly
(c) 177.33 (d) 8.33 read as 50. The correct mean and S.D. respectively
16. The average of n numbers x1, x2, x3,......,xn is M. are
If xn is replaced by x', then new average is (a) 14.98, 39.95 (b) 39.95, 14.98
nM - xn + x ' (c) 39.95, 224.5 (d) None of these
(a) M–xn +x' (b)
n 24. Let x1 , x 2 , .......... xn be n observations such that
( n - 1) M + x ' M - xn + x '
(c)
n
(d)
n å xi2 = 400 and å xi = 80. Then the possible
17. If the mean of the numbers 27 + x, 31 + x , 89 + x, value of n among the following is
107 + x, 156 + x is 82, then the mean of 130 + x, (a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 9 (d) 12
126 + x, 68 + x, 50 + x, 1 + x is 25. The mean of a set of observation is x . If each
(a) 75 (b) 157 (c) 82 (d) 80 observation is divided by a, a ¹ 0 and then is
18. The standard deviation of 9, 16, 23, 30, 37, 44, 51 is increased by 10, then the mean of the new set is
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 14 x x + 10
19. For 10 observations on price (x) and supply (y), (a) (b)
a a
the following data was obtained :
x + 10a
å x = 130, å y = 220, (c)
a
(d) ax + 10
Statistics 213

26. The mean of the series x1, x2, ..., xn is X. If x2 is 34. An aeroplane flies around a squares, the sides of
which measure 100 miles each. The aeroplane
replaced by l , then what is the new mean?
covers at a speed of 100 m/h the first side, at 200
X - x2 - l m/h the second side, at 300 m/h the third side and
(a) X - x2 + l (b) 400 m/h the fourth side. The average speed of
n
the aeroplane around the square is
X - x2 + l nX - x 2 + l (a) 900 m/h (b) 195 m/h
(c) (d)
n n (c) 192 m/h (d) 200 m/h
27. A fair die is tossed 180 times, the standard 35. The first of two samples has 100 items with mean
deviation of the number of sixes equal to 15 and SD 3. If the whole group has 250 items
(a) with mean 15.6 and SD = 13.44 the SD of the
30 (b) 5 (c) 25 (d) 90
28. The mean mark in statistics of 100 students in a second group is
class was 72. The mean mark of boys was 75, (a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 3.52
while their number was 70. The mean mark of 36. In a test of Statistics marks were awarded out of
girls in the class was 40. The average of 15 students was 38. Later it
(a) 65 (b) 60 (c) 66 (d) 62 was decided to give marks out of 50. The new
29. For a series the value of mean deviation is 15. average marks will be
The most likely value of its quartile deviation is (a) 40 (b) 47.5 (c) 95 (d) 41.5
(a) 12.5 (b) 11.6 (c) 13 (d) 9.7
å i =1 (xi – 5) = 9 and å i =1 (xi – 5)2 = 45, then
9 9
37. If
30. The mean deviation from the mean of the A.P.
a, a + d, a + 2d, ........ a, a + 2nd is the standard deviation of the 9 items x1, x2, ...., x9
is
(a) 9 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
n (n + 1) d 38. Variance of the numbers 3, 7, 10,18, 22 is equal to
(a) n (n + 1) d (b) (a) 12 (b) 6.4
2n + 1
n (n + 1) d n (n - 1) d (c) 49.2 (d) 49.2
(c) (d) 39. The marks obtained by 60 students in a certain
2n 2n + 1
test are given below :
40 No. of No. of
31. If the combined mean of two groups is Marks Marks
3
students students
and if the mean of one group with 10 10 - 20 2 60 - 70 12
observations is 15, then the mean of the other
group with 8 observations is equal to 20 - 30 3 70 - 80 14
30 - 40 4 80 - 90 10
46 35 45 41
(a) (b) (c) (d) 40 - 50 5 90 - 100 4
3 4 4 4
32. Mean of 100 items is 49. It was discovered that 50 - 60 6
three items which should have been 60, 70, 80 Mean, Median and Mode of the above data are
were wrongly read as 40, 20, 50 respectively. The respectively
correct mean is (a) 64.33, 68.33, 76.33 (b) 60, 70, 80
1 (c) 66.11, 71.11, 79.11 (d) None of these
(a) 48 (b) 82 (c) 50 (d) 80 40. The variance of 20 observations is 5. If each
2
33. The ‘less than’ ogive curve and the ‘more than’ observation is multiplied by 2, then what is the
ogive curve intersect at new varianve of the resulting observations ?
(a) median (b) mode (a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 40
(c) arithmetic mean (d) None of these
 EBD_7588
214 Mathematics Objective MCQs
41. The mean of 20 observations is 15. On checking, the girl students are 48, then what is the number
it was found that two observations were wrongly of girl students in the class ?
copied as 3 and 6. If wrong observations are (a) 15 (b) 17 (c) 18 (d) 20
replaced by corr ect values 48. The variance of first 50 even natural numbers is
8 and 4, then the correct mean is 437 833
(a) 15 (b) 15.15 (c) 15.35 (d) 16 (a) 437 (b) (c) (d) 833
4 4
1 n 2
49. Given (i) 85 observations which are not sorted
42. Let r be the range and S 2 = å ( xi - x ) be and (ii) 150 observations which are sorted and
n - 1 i =1
the S.D. of a set of observations x1,x2, ....xn, then arranged in an increasing order. The median
values of (i) & (ii) respectively can be found as
(a) (i) 43rd observation (ii) A.M. of 75th and
n n 76th observation
(a) S£ r (b) S = r
n -1 n -1 (b) (i) 43rd observation (ii) 76th observation
n
(c) S ³ r (d) None of these (c) (i) can not be found (ii) can not be found
n -1
(d) None of these
43. In a series of 2n observations, half of them equals
'a' and remaining equals '– a'. If S.D. is 2, 50. Consider the frequency distribution of the given
then | a | equals numbers.

1 Value 1 2 3 4
2
(a) (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) Frequency 5 4 6 f
n n
44. Consider any set of observations x1, x2, x3, ...., x101; If the mean is known to be 3, then the value of f is
it being given that x1 < x2 < x3 < ... < x100 < x101 ; (a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 14
then the mean deviation of this set of 51. In a binomial distribution, the mean is 4 and the
observations about a point k is minimum when k variance is 3. What is the mode?
equals (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3
(a) x1 (b) x51 52. If the mean of few observations is 40 and standard
deviation is 8, then what is the coefficient of
x1 + x 2 + ... + x101 variation ?
(c) (d) x50
101 (a) 1% (b) 10% (c) 20% (d) 30%
45. The mean of five observations is 4 and their 53. An incomplete frequency distribution is given
variance is 5×2. If three of these observations below
are 2, 4 and 6, then the other two observations are
(a) 3 and 5 (b) 2 and 6
Variate Frequency
(c) 5 and 8 (d) 1 and 7
46. The mean and SD of 63 children on an arithmetic 10 – 20 12
test are respectively 27, 6 and 7.1. To them are 20 – 30 30
added a new group of 26 who had less training 30 – 40 ?
and whose mean is 19.2 and SD 6.2. The values 40 – 50 65
of the combined group differ from the original as
50 – 60 45
to (i) the mean and (ii) the SD is
(a) 25.1, 7.8 (b) 2.3, 0.8 60 – 70 25
(c) 1.5, 0.9 (d) None of these 70 – 80 18
47. The average marks obtained by the students in a Total 229
class are 43. If the average marks obtained by 25
boys are 40 and the average marks obtained by Median value is 46, the missing frequency is
(a) 33.5 (b) 35 (c) 34 (d) 26
Statistics 215
54. In the following frequency distribution, class (a) 84.0
limits of some of the class intervals and mid-value (b) 84.2
of a class are missing. However, the mean of the (c) 84.4
distribution is known to be 46.5 (d) This cannot be calculated with the given
data
Class Mid-values Frequency 57. The range of a random variable x is {1, 2, 3,....}.
intervals 1
x1- x2 15 10 If P (x = r) = r , then the mean of the distribution is
x2- x3 30 40 2
x3- x4 M 30
x4- x5 75 10
x5- 100 90 10 (a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 1 (d) 2
58. One set containing five members has mean 8,
the values of x1, x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 respectively will variance 18 and the second set containing three
be members has mean 8 and variance 24. The variance
(a) (0, 20, 40, 60, 80) (b) (40, 50, 60, 70, 80) of combined set of numbers is
(c) (10, 20, 40, 70, 80) (d) (0, 19.5, 39.5, 69.5, 80) (a) 24 (b) 20.25
(c) 22.25 (d) None of these
55. Let x be the mean of n observations x1, x2, ....., xn. 59. The arithmetic mean of numbers a, b, c, d, e is M.
If (a – b) is added to each observation, then what What is the value of (a – M) + (b – M) + (c – M)
is the mean of new set of observations? + (d – M) + (e – M) ?
(a) 0 x
(b) (a) M (b) a + b + c + d + e
(c) x – (a – b) (d) x + (a – b) (c) 0 (d) 5 M
56. Students of two schools appeared for a common 60. The mean of 13 observations is 14. If the mean of
test carrying 100 marks. The arithmetic means of the first 7 observations is 12 and that of the last
their marks for school I and II are 82 and 86 7 observations is 16, what is the value of the 7th
respectively. If the number of students of school observation ?
II is 1.5 times the number of students of school I, (a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15
what is the arithmetic mean of the marks of all the
students of both the schools?

Answer KEYs
1 (d) 7 (c) 13 (d) 19 (b) 25 (c) 31 (c) 37 (d) 43 (c) 49 (d) 55 (d)
2 (a) 8 (b) 14 (d) 20 (c) 26 (d) 32 (c) 38 (d) 44 (b) 50 (d) 56 (c)
3 (c) 9 (b) 15 (a) 21 (b) 27 (b) 33 (a) 39 (a) 45 (d) 51 (c) 57 (d)
4 (c) 10 (a) 16 (b) 22 (d) 28 (a) 34 (c) 40 (c) 46 (a) 52 (c) 58 (b)
5 (d) 11 (d) 17 (a) 23 (b) 29 (a) 35 (b) 41 (b) 47 (a) 53 (c) 59 (c)
6 (d) 12 (d) 18 (d) 24 (b) 30 (b) 36 (b) 42 (a) 48 (d) 54 (c) 60 (c)
 EBD_7588
216 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1. (d) Mean of a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6 202

a + b + 8 + 5 + 10 5. (d) Mean of the scores =
Þ =6 Þa+b=7 ...(i) 15
5
200
Variance of a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6.80 Mean of the correct scores =
15
(a - 6)2 +(b –6)2 +(8 – 6)2 + (5 – 6)2 + (10–6) 2 i.e., Mean changes.
Þ
5 Median is same for both cases i.e., 14.
= 6.80 Mode is proportional to mean.
6. (d) Given data 3, 5, 1, 6, 5, 9, 5, 2, 8, 6 and mean,
Þ a 2 –12a + 36 + (1 – a ) 2 + 21 = 34 median and mode are x, y, z respectively.
[using eq. (i)] Rearranging data
Þ 2a2 –14a + 24 = 0 Þ a2 – 7a + 12 = 0 1, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9
Þ a = 3 or 4 Þ b = 4 or 3 Mean = x
\ The possible values of a and b are a = 3 and 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 6 + 6 + 8 + 9 50
b= 4 or, a = 4 and b = 3 = = =5
10 10
2. (a) s 2x =
å di2
(Here deviations are taken from n th
th
æn ö
n term + ç + 1 ÷ term
the mean). Since A and B both have 100 Median = y = 2 è2 ø
consecutive integers, therefore both have same 2
standard deviation and hence the variance. 5+5
VA y= =5
\ VB
= 1 (As å di2 is same in both the cases) 2
Mode (z) = most frequently occuring value = 5
1 Hence x = y = z.
3. (c) Let x1, x2 ..... xn be n items. Then, x = Sxi
n
7. (c) The new observations are obtained by
Let y1 = x1 + 1, y2 = x2 + 2, y3 = x3 + 3,..., yn = xn + n
adding 20 to each. Hence, s does not change.
Then the mean of the new series is
n
1 n 1
1
n n i =1
1
Syi = å ( xi + )
i
8. (b) Required mean = n å (2x i + 3)
i =1
n
1 1
= å xi + n (1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n) 2æ
n ö 3n ì1 æ n
ï öüï
n i =1 = ç
nç åxi ÷ +
÷ n
= 2í ç
çå x i ÷ý + 3
ïî n è i =1 øïþ
÷
1 n(n + 1) n +1 è i =1 ø
=x+ . =x+ .
n 2 2 = 2x + 3
4. (c) The total weight of seven students is 101 + d(1 + 2 + 3 + ......+100)
55 × 7 = 385 kg 9. (b) Mean =
101
The sum of the weights of six students is
52 + 58 + 55 + 53 + 56 + 54 = 328 kg d × 100 × 101
=1+ =1 + 50 d
Hence, the weight of the seventh student is 101 × 2
385 – 328 = 57 kg. Q Mean deviation from the mean = 255
Statistics 217

Þ 1 13. (d) Mean of 5 numbers = 30

[| 1 - (1 + 50d ) | + | (1 + d ) - (1 + 50 d ) | \ Total sum of 5 numbers = 30 × 5 = 150
101 After excluded one number
+ | (1 + 2d ) Mean of 4 numbers will be = 28
\ Total sum of 4 numbers = 4 × 28 = 112
-(1 + 50d ) | +....+ | (1 + 100 d ) - (1 + 50 d ) |] Thus, excluded number
= 255 = (sum of 5 numbers – sum of 4 numbers)
Þ 2d [1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 50] = 101´ 255 = 150 – 112 = 38
14. (d) Required mean
50 ´ 51
Þ 2d ´ = 101´ 255 (ax + b ) + (ax2 + b) + ..... + ( axn + b)
2 = 1
n
Þ d = 101´ 255 = 10.1 a ( x1 + x2 + ..... + xn ) + nb
50 ´ 51 = = ax + b,
10. (a) We construct the following table : n

xi f(xi) x i2 f(xi).xi f(xi). x i2 æ x1 + x2 + ..... + xn ö

çQ n
=x ÷ .
è ø
1 2 4
2 4 15. (a) Given Sx = 170, Sx2 = 2830
3 3 3
Increase in Sx = 10, then S x ¢ = 170 + 10 = 180
1 3 9 Increase in Sx2 = 900 – 400 = 500, then
3 9
2 2 2 Sx¢2 = 2830 + 500 = 3330
1 11 121 2
1 2 æ Sx ¢ ö
11
6
121
6 6 \ Variance = Sx ¢ –ç ÷
n è n ø
1 4 26 3330 æ 180 ö
2

2
= –ç ÷ = 222 –144 = 78.
\ Variance s 2
=
å f (x i ).x i2 - æç å f (x i )x i ö÷ 15 è 15 ø
x + x + x ...... xn
å f (x i ) çè å f (x i ) ÷ø 16. (b) M= 1 2 3
n
2
26 æ 4 ö nM = x1 + x2 + x3 + ......+ xn– 1 + xn
= - ç ÷ = 26 - 16 = 10
1 è1ø i.e., nM – xn = x1 + x2 + x3 + ......+ xn – 1
11. (d) Total number of students nM – xn + x ¢ x1 + x2 + x3 + ...... xn –1 + x ¢
= 40 + 35 + 45 + 42 = 162 =
Total marks obtained = (40 × 50) + (35 × 60) n n
+ (45 × 55) + (42 × 45) = 8465 nM – xn + x ¢
Overall average of marks per students \ New average =
n
8465 17. (a) Given
= = 52.25
162
82 =
( 27 + x) + ( 31+ x) + (89 + x) + (107 + x) + (156 + x)
12. (d) For Group A : 5
Coefficient of variation Þ 82 × 5 = 410 + 5x Þ 410 – 410 = 5x Þ x =0
S.D. 10 \ Required mean is,
CV A = = = 0.4545.
Mean 22 130 + x + 126 + x + 68 + x + 50 + x + 1 + x
x=
For Group B : 5
12 375 + 5 x 375 + 0 375
CVB = = 0.522 x= = = = 75
23 5 5 5
Þ Group A is less variable.
 EBD_7588
218 Mathematics Objective MCQs

n2 - 1 n n
18. (d) Standard deviation = s = d
12 å i3 + å i 2
d = size between each observation = 7 i =1 i =1
= n n
n = total number of observation = 7
2
åi2 + åi
(7) - 1 49 - 1 i =1 i =1
\ s= 7 =7
12 12
n 2 (n + 1) 2 n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
48 +
=7 = 7 ´ 2 = 14 = 4 6
12 n (n + 1)(2n + 1) n (n + 1)
19. (b) Line of regression of y on x is : +
6 2
y - y = byx ( x - x )
n (n + 1) ì n(n + 1) 2n + 1ü
í + ý
Sy Sx 220 130 2 î 2 3 þ
y= ;x= Þy= = 22; x = = 13 =
n n 10 10 n (n + 1) ì 2n + 1 ü
í + 1ý
sy 2 î 3 þ
byx = r ×
sx
3n 2 + 7n + 2 (3n + 1)(n + 2) 3n + 1
= = =
nSxy - (Sx )(Sy ) 2(2n + 4 ) 4(n + 2) 4
r=
[nSx - (Sx)2 ][ nSy 2 - (Sy) 2 ]
2 21. (b) Corrected Sx = 40 × 200 – 50 + 40 = 7990
\ Corrected x = 7990 / 200 = 39.95

10(3467) - (130)(220) Incorrect Sx2 = n[s2 + x 2 ] = 200[152 + 402]

= =365000
[(10 ´ 2288) - 1302 ][(10 ´ 5506) - (220 2 )] Corrected Sx2 = 365000 – 2500 + 1600 = 364100
r = 0.962
364100
\ Corrected s = – (39.95)2
200
2
Sy 2 æ Sy ö
sy = - ç ÷ Þ s y = 8.2; s x = 7.73.
n è n ø = (1820.5 –1596) = 224.5 = 14.98.

8.2 Sx
Þ bxy = 0.962 ´ = 1.02 22. (d) Given, 169 =
7.73 50
Þ Line of regression of y on x is : Correct value is 143. Hence, sum is short by 9.
y – 22 = 1.02 (x – 13) 169 ´ 50 + 9 9
\M = = 169 + = 169.18.
50 50
Þ y = 1.02 x + 8.74
23. (b) Corrected Sx = 40 × 200 – 50 + 40 = 7990
20. (c) Here for each xi = i, \ Corrected x = 7990 / 200 = 39.95
weight wi = i2 + i
Incorrect Sx2 = n[s2 + x 2 ] = 200[152 + 402]
Hence, the required mean
=365000
n Corrected Sx2 = 365000 – 2500 + 1600 = 364100

å wi xi å i (i 2 + i ) 364100
= = i=1 \ Corrected s = – (39.95)2
å wi n
å (i 2 + i)
200
= (1820.5 –1596) = 224.5 = 14.98.
i =1
Statistics 219
24. (b) We know that for positive real numbers x1,
1 2n
x2, ...., xn,
we have
å (a + rd ) - (a + nd )
2n + 1 r =0
2 2
å xi2 ³ æç å xi ö÷ 400 æ 80 ö 1 2n
Þ ³ç ÷
è nø
= å|r-n|d
2n + 1 r =0
n çè n ÷ø n
Þ n ³ 16 . So only possible value for n = 18 [2 (1 + 2 + ... + n) + 0] d n ( n + 1)d
25. (c) Let x1, x2 ...., xn be n observations. = =
2n + 1 2n + 1
1 x 31. (c) Let total no. of obs = 18
Then, x = å xi ; Let yi = i + 10
n a Let mean of one group = a1 = 15
and mean of other group = a2
1 n 1æ1 n ö 1
then, å
n i =1
yi = ç å xi ÷ + (10n)
a è n i =1 ø n Given : Combined mean =
40
3

Þy=
1
x + 10 =
x + 10a ( a1 ´10 ) + ( a2 ´ 8)
Now, combined mean =
a a 18
26. (d) Mean of series (x1, x2, x3 ..... xn)
40 150 + 8a2 45
x + x 2 + x3 + ..... x n Þ = Þ a2 =
x = 1 3 18 4
n 32. (c) Sum of 100 items = 49 × 100 = 4900
Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + ..... xn = nx Sum of items added = 60 + 70 + 80 = 210
Now we will replace x2 by l so no. of Sum of items replaced = 40 + 20 + 50 = 110
elements in series will not change. New sum = 4900 + 210 – 110 = 5000
New series will include l and exclude x2 5000
Hence new series sum : \ Correct mean = = 50
100
( x1 + x2 + .....xn ) - x2 + l = nx + l - x2 33. (a) The ‘less than’ ogive curve and the ‘more
Now new mean than’ ogive curve intersect at median.
nx + l - x2 nx - x2 + l
34. (c) Using the weighted HM formula
= = n
n n 1 1 f 1
=
H N
å xi or H =
1 fi
27. (b) n = 180, p = P(getting a six) =
1
and q =
5 i =1 i
å
N i xi
6 6
\ Average speed
So, S.D. = npq
400
70 ´ 75 + 30 ´ x =
28. (a) = 72 Þ x = 65 æ 1 1 1 1 ö
100 100 ç + + + ÷
è 100 200 300 400 ø
4 2 = 192 m/h
29. (a) Since, MD = s, QD = s
5 3
2 n1 (s12 + d12 ) + n2 (s22 + d 22 )
MD 6 5 5 35. (b) Use s =
Þ = Þ QD = (MD) = × (15) = 12.5. n1 + n2
QD 5 6 6
where d1 = m1 – a, d2 = m2 – a, a being the mean
30. (b) The mean of the series of the whole group. Let m2 = mean of the second
1 group
X= {a + (a + d ) + (a + 2d ) + ..... + (a + 2nd )}
2n +1 100 ´ 15 + 150 ´ m2
\15.6 = Þ m2 = 16
1 ì 2n + 1 ü 250
= í (2a + 2nd )ý = a + nd
2n + 1 î 2 þ
Therefore, mean deviation from mean
 EBD_7588
220 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Thus, xi - a
Class xi fi c.f. ui = fu
2 10 i i
(100 ´ 9 + 150 ´ s )
10–20 15 2 2 –4 –8
+ 100 ´ (0.6) 2 + 150 ´ (0.4)2 20–30 25 3 5 –3 –9
13.44 =
250 30–40 35 4 9 –2 –8
40–50 45 5 14 –1 –5
Þ s=4 50–60 55 6 20 0 0
36. (b) Let a student gets x marks out of 40. He 60–70 65 12 32 1 12
5x 70–80 75 14 46 2 28
gets marks out of 50. Thus, each obseration 80–90 85 10 56 3 30
4
5 90–100 95 4 60 4 16
will be multiplied by . Hence, mean is also Total 60 56
4
5
multiplied by giving mean
4 \ The mean = a +
å fiu i ´ c
5
= 38 ´ = 47.5.
å fi
4 56 56
= 55 + ´ 10 = 55 + = 64.333
9 9 9 60 6
37. (d) Let å ( xi - 5) = 9 Þ å xi - å 5 = 9 Here n = 60 Þ
n
= 30 , therefore, 60–70 is the
i =1 i =1 i =1
2
9 median class
Þ å xi - (9 ´ 5) = 9 ; Using the formula :
i =1
n
-C 30 - 20
å xi - 45 = Þ å xi = 54
M =l + 2 ´ c = 60 + 12 ´ 10 = 68.333
Similarly, f
Using Empirical formula, we have
å xi2 - 10 ´ 54 + 25 ´ 9 = 45 Þ å xi2 = 360 Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
2 = (68.333) – 2 (64.333) = 204.999 – 128.666 = 76.333
360 æ 54 ö 324 40. (c) Let x1, x2, ....., x20 be the given observations.
Þ s= -ç ÷ = =2
9 è 9ø 81
1 20
38. (d) The mean of the given items Given, å
20 i =1
(x i - x)2 = 5
3 + 7 + 10 + 18 + 22
x= = 12 To find variance of 2x1, 2x2, 2x3,...., 2x20,
5
Let x denotes the mean of new observation,
1
Hence, variance =
n å (x i - x) 2 20
å 2x i
20
2å x i
=
1
5
{
(3 - 12) 2 + (7 - 12) 2 + (10 - 12) 2 + (18 - 12) 2 Clearly, x =
20
i =1
= i =1 = 2x
20
Now, variance of new observation
+ (22 - 12) 2 } 1 20
1 20
1
= å 2
(2x i - x) =
20
å (2xi - 2x) 2
= {81 + 25 + 4 + 36 + 100} = 246 = 49.2 20 i =1 i =1
5 5
39. (a) We construct the following table taking 1 20 æ 1 20 ö
= 20 å = ç 20 å (xi - x) ÷
2 2
4(x i - x) 4
assumed mean a = 55 (step deviation method). è i =1 ø
i =1
= 4 ×5 = 20
Statistics 221
41. (b) Sum of all observations = 20 × 15 = 300
Sum of correct observations
= 300 – (3 + 6) + (8 + 4) = 303
Þ
1
5
( )
4 + 16 + 36 + a 2 + b 2 - 16 = 5.2 Þ a2 + b2

303 = 50
Correct mean = = 15.15 From the options, it is clear that the two
20 observations are 1 and 7.
42. (a) We have r = max | xi – x j | and 46. (a) Mean and SD s of the combined group are
i¹j 63 ´ 27.6 + 26 ´ 19.2
m= = 25.1
1 n 63 + 26
S2 = å ( xi – x )2
n –1 i=1
Thus, AM is decreased by 27.6 – 25.1 = 2.5.

Now, consider 63 ´ (7.1)2 + 26 ´ (6.2)2

s2 =
2 89
æ x + x + .... + xn ö
( xi – x )2 = ç xi – 1 2 ÷ 63(25.1 - 27.6) 2 + 26(25.1 - 19.2) 2
è n ø +
89
1 Þ s = 7.8 (approx.)
= 2
[( xi – x1 ) + ( xi – x2 ) + .... + ( xi – xi –1)] 47. (a) Let Number of girls student be x
n
Sum of marks = 25 × 40 + x × 48
1 Total students = 25 + x.
+ ( xi – xi + 1) + ... + ( xi – xn )] £ [(n – 1) r ]2
2
n 25.40 + x.48
\ 43 =
n x + 25
Þ ( xi – x )2 £ r 2 Þå ( xi – x )2 £ nr 2 Þ 43 x + 43.25 = 25.40 + x.48
i =1 Þ 5x = 3.25 Þ x = 15
48. (d) First 50 even natural numbers are 2, 4 , 6 ....., 100
1 n
nr 2 n
Þ
n -1
å ( xi – x )2 £ (n –1) ÞS£ r
n –1
. å xi2 - ( x) 2
i =1 Variance =
N
2
Sxi 2 æ Sxi ö 2
43. (c) Q s = -ç 22 + 42 + ... +1002 æ 2+ 4+... +100ö
N è N ÷ø Þ s2 = -ç
è ÷ø
50 50
(a 2 + a 2 .....' 2n ' times) 4(12 + 22 + 32 + .... + 50 2 )
\ 2= -0 = - (51)2
2n 50
2 na 2 æ 50 ´ 51 ´ 101ö
Þ a2 = 4 Þ | a | = 2 = 4ç - (51)2 = 3434 – 2601
Þ 4=
2n è 50 ´ 6 ÷ø
44. (b) Mean deviation is minimum when it is Þ s2 = 833
considered about the item, equidistant from the 49. (d) For the second set of observations
beginning and the end i.e. the median. In this case N = 150 (even), so median is the A.M. of 75 th and
101+ 1 76th observation first set is not sorted so we
median is th i.e. 51st item i.e., x51. have to arrange them in increasing or decreasing
2 order
45. (d) Let the other two observations be ‘a’ and ‘b’
1´ 5 + 2 ´ 4 + 3 ´ 6 + 4 ´ f
2+ 4+6+ a +b 12 + a + b 50. (d) Mean =
\ mean = Þ4= 5+ 4+6+ f
5 5
Þ a +b = 8; 5 + 8 + 18 + 4 f
i.e., 3 = Þ 45 + 3 f = 31 + 4 f
1 15 + f
Variance =
n
å x2 - x -2 = 5.2 Þ 45 - 31 = f Þ f = 14 .
 EBD_7588
222 Mathematics Objective MCQs
51. (c) As give, np = 4 and npq= 3
[where p is the probability of success and q is 55. (d) Let x is the mean of n observation x1, x2,
...., xn.
the probability of failure for an event to occur,
and 'n' is the number of trials] x + x 2 + x 3 + .... + x n
Þx= 1
npq 3 n
Þ q= = Now, (a – b) is added to each term.
np 4 \ New mean
3 1 x + (a – b) + x 2 + (a – b) + ..... + x n + (a – b)
Also, p = 1– q = 1 - = = 1
4 4 n
\ n = 16 x + x 2 + .... + x n n(a – b)
In a binomial distribution, the value of r for which = 1 +
n n
P (X = r) is maximum is the mode of binomial
distribution. = x + (a – b)
hence, (n + 1)p - 1 £ r £ (n + 1)p 56. (c) Let the number of students of school I = x
\ Number of students of School II = 1.5 x
17 17 13 17 As given :
Þ -1 £ r £ Þ £r£ Mean of marks for school I = 82
4 4 4 4
and mean of marks for school II = 86
Þ 3.25 £ r £ 4.25
Þ r=4 x ´ 82 + 1.5x ´ 86
\ Combined mean =
52. (c) Mean = 40, S.D = 8 x + 1.5x
8 x(82 + 129) 211
\ Coeft of variation = ´ 100 = = = 84.4
40 2.5x 2.5
1 1
= ´ 100 = 20% 57. (d) Mean E(x) = SrP(r ) = Sr. r
5 2
53. (c) Median = 46 which lies in 40 – 50 class 1 2 3
\ E( x ) = + 2 + 3 + .....
ìn ü 2 2 2
í -Cf ý
2
Median = l + h î þ 1 1 2
E ( x ) = 2 + 3 + ....
f 2 2 2
where f = frequency of median-class –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Cf = cumulative frequency of the class preceding 1 1 1 1 1/ 2
the median class. \ E ( x ) = + 2 + 3 + ..... =
2 2 2 2 1 - 1/ 2
é 229 ù \ E (x ) = 2
êë 2 - ( x + 42)úû
\ 46 = 40 + 10 5.18 + 3.24 15
65 58. (b) s2 = + (8 - 8) = 20.25.
5+3 64
where x = frequency of class 30 – 40
a+b+c+d+e
59. (c) Given M =
Þ x = 33.5 = 34. 5
Þ a +b+ c+ d+ e=5M
Sx i f i Þ a +b+c+ d+ e–5M= 0
54. (c) = 46.5 Þ (a – M) + (b – M) + (c – M)
Sf i
+ (d – M) + (e – M) = 0
15´10+ 30´ 40+ M´ 30+ 75´10+ 90´10 Hence, Required value = 0
Þ = 46.5 60. (c) Total sum of 13 observations = 14 × 13 = 182
10+ 40+ 30+10+10
Sum of 14 observation = 7 × 12 + 7 × 16
\ M = 55. so the class intervals can be = 84 × 112 = 196
10 – 20, 20 – 40, 40 – 70, 70 – 80, 80 – 100 So, the 7th observation = 196 – 182 = 14
 16 Probability-I
1. If A and B are two events. The probability that at 7. A cricket club has 15 members, of whom only 5
most one of A, B occurs, is can bowl. If the names of 15 members are put into
(a) 1 - P ( A Ç B) a box and 11 are drawn at random, then the
(b) P ( A) + P ( B ) - P( A Ç B ) probability of getting an eleven containing at
least 3 bowlers is
(c) P ( A) + P( B ) + P ( A È B ) - 1
(d) All of these (a) 7/13 (b) 6/13 (c) 11/15 (d) 12/13
2. Amar, Bimal and Chetan are three contestants 8. If three vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen
for an election, odds against Amar will win is 4 : 1 at random, then the chance that they form an
and odds against Bimal will win is 5 : 1 and odds equilateral triangle is :
in favor of Chetan will win 2 : 3 then what is 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
probability that either Amar or Bimal or Chetan 3 5 10 2
will win the election. 9. Four persons are selected at random out of 3
(a) 23/20 (b) 11/30 men, 2 women and 4 children. Find the probability
that there are exactly 2 children in the selection.
(c) 7/10 (d) None of these
3. In a knock out chess tournament, eight players 11 8 10 7
P1, P2, …P 8 participated. It is known that (a) (b) (c) (d)
21 21 21 21
whenever the players Pi and Pj play, the players
Pi will win j if i < j. Assuming that the players are 10. If A, B, C are events such that P(A) = 0.3, P(B)
paired at random in each round, what is the = 0.4, P(C) = 0.8, P(A Ç B) = 0.08, P(A Ç C) = 0.28
probability that the player P4 reaches the final? P(A Ç B Ç C) = 0.09 If P(A È B È C) ³ 0.75, then
(a) 31/35 (b) 4/35 find the range of x = P(B Ç C) lies in the interval
(c) 8/35 (d) None of these (a) 0.23 £ x £ 0.48 (b) 0.23 £ x £ 0.47
4. In a series of 3 one-day cricket matches between (c) 0.22 £ x £ 0.48 (d) None of these
teams A and B of a college, the probability of 11. A coin is tossed three times. Consider the
team A winning or drawing are 1/3 and 1/6
respectively. If a win, loss or draw gives 2, 0 and following events:
1 point respectively, then what is the probability A: No head appears
that team A will score 5 points in the series? B: Exactly one head appears
17 11 1 1 C: At least two heads appear
(a) (b) (c) (d) Which one of the following is correct?
18 12 12 18
5. A certain type of missile hits the target with (a) ( A È B) Ç ( A È C) = B È C
probability p = 0.3. What is the least number of
missiles should be fired so that there is at least (b) ( A Ç B') È ( A Ç C ') = B' È C'
an 80% probability that the target is hit?
(c) A Ç ( B' È C') = A È B È C
(a) 5 (b) 6 (d) A Ç ( B' È C') = B' Ç C'
(c) 7 (d) None of the above
6. In a relay race, there are six teams A, B, C, D, E 12. What is the number of outcomes when a coin is
and F. What is the probability that A, B, C finish tossed and then a die is rolled only in case a head is
first, second, third respectively ? shown on the coin ?
1 1 1 1 (a) 6 (b) 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) 8 (d) None of these
2 12 60 120
 EBD_7588
224 Mathematics Objective MCQs
13. A car is parked by an owner amongst 25 cars in 20. Two numbers are successively drawn from the
a row, not at either end. On his return he finds set U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, the second being
that exactly 15 places are still occupied. The drawn without replacing the first. The number of
probability that both the neighboring places are elementary events in the sample is:
empty is
(a) 64 (b) 56 (c) 32 (d) 14
91 15 15 21. An aircraft has three engines A, B and C. The
(a) (b) (c) (d) None
276 184 92 aircraft crashes if all the three engines fail. The
14. A natural number x is chosen at random from the probabilities of failure are 0.03, 0.02 and 0.05 for
first 100 natural numbers. Then the probability, engines A, B and C respectively. What is the
100 probability that the aircraft will not crash?
for the equation x + > 50 is (a) 0.00003 (b) 0.90
x
1 11 1 3 (c) 0.99997 (d) 0.90307
(a) (b) (c) (d) 22. Let A, B, C be three events. If the probability of
20 20 3 20 occurring exactly one event out of A and B is
15. If n objects are distributed at random among n
persons, the probability that at least one of them 1 – a, out of B and C and A is 1 – a and that of
will not get anything is occurring three events simultaneously is a2, then
the probability that at least one out of A, B, C will
(n - 1)! (n - 1)! occur is
(a) 1 - n -1 (b)
n nn
(n - 1)! (a) 1/2 (b) Greater than 1/2
(c) 1 - (d) None of these
nn (c) Less than 1/2 (d) Greater than 3/4
16. If the papers of 4 students can be checked by 23. The probability that the birth days of six different
any one of the 7 teachers, then the probability persons will fall in exactly two calendar months is
that all the 4 papers are checked by exactly 2 1 12 26
teachers is (a) (b) C2 ×
(a) 2/7 (b) 12/49 6 12 6
6
(c) 32/343 (d) None of these 2 –1 341
17. x1, x2, x3, ......., x50 are fifty real numbers such (c) 12 C2 × (d)
12 6
12 5
that xr < xr +1 for r = 1, 2, 3, ...., 49. Five numbers 24. If a and b are chosen randomly from the set
out of these are picked up at random. The consisting of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 with
probability that the five numbers have x20 as the
middle numbers, is replacement. Then the probability that
20
C2 ´ 30 C2 30
C2 ´ 19 C2 lim [(a x + b x ) / 2]2 / x = 6 is
x ®0
(a) 50 (b) 50
C5 C5 (a) 1/3 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/9 (d) 2/9
19
C2 ´ C231 25. A box contains 10 identical electronic
(c) 50 (d) None of these components of which 4 are defective. If 3
C5 components are selected at random from the box
18. A machine has three parts, A, B and C, whose in succession, without replacing the units already
chances of being defective are 0.02, 0.10 and drawn, what is the probability that two of the
0.05 respectively. The machine stops working if selected components are defective?
any one of the parts becomes defective. What is
the probability that the machine will not stop (a) 1/5 (b) 5/24 (c) 3/10 (d) 1/40
working? 26. In four schools B1, B2, B3, B4 the percentage of girls
(a) 0.06 (b) 0.16 (c) 0.84 (d) 0.94 students is 12, 20, 13, 17 respectively. From a school
19. For two mutually exclusive events A and B, selected at random, one student is picked up at
P(A) = 0.2 an d P(A Ç B) < 0.3. What is random and it is found that the student is a girl. The
probability that the school selected is B2, is
P(A | (A U B)) equal to?
6 10 13 17
2 2 2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
1 31 31 62 62
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 5 7 3
Probability-I 225
27. Seven white balls and three black balls are 20 2
randomly placed in a row. The probability that C2 C2
no two black balls are placed adjacently equals (a) 50 (b) 50
C5 C5
1 7 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 20
C2 ´ 29C2
2 15 15 3
28. Three persons A, B and C are to speak at a (c) 50 (d) None of these
C5
function along with five others. If they all speak
in random order, the probability that A speaks 35. 3 integers are chosen at random from the set of
before B and B speaks before C, is first 20 natural numbers. The chance that their
3 1 product is a multiple of 3, is.
(a) (b) 194 1 13 3
8 6 (a) (b) (c) (d)
285 57 19 4
3 36. For the three events A, B and C, P (exactly one of
(c) (d) None of these
5 the events A or B occurs) = P (exactly one of the
29. Consider a set P containing n elements. A subset two events B or C occurs) = P (exactly one of the
A of P is drawn and there after set P is
events C or A occurs) = p and P (all the three events
reconstructed. Now one more subset B of P is
drawn. Probability of drawing sets A and B so occur simultaneously) = p2, where 0 < p < 1/2. Then
that A Ç B has exactly one element is the probability of at least one of the three events
A, B and C occurring is
(a) (3/ 4)n × n (b) n × (3/ 4)n -1

(c) (n - 1) × (3 / 4) n (d) None of these 3 p + 2 p2 p + 3 p2

(a) (b)
30. Three digits are chosen at random from 1, 2, 3, 4, 2 4
5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 without repeating any digit. What p + 3 p2 3 p + 2 p2
is the probability that the product is odd ? (c) (d)
2 4
2 7 5 5 37. There is a five-volume dictionary among 50 books
(a) (b) (c) (d) arranged on a shelf in random order. If the
3 48 42 108
31. If four dice are thrown together, then what is the volumes are not necessarily kept side by side,
probability that the sum of the numbers appearing the probability that they occur in increasing order
on them is 25? from left to right is :
(a) 0 (b) 1/2 (c) 1 (d) 1/1296
32. From past experience it is known that an investor 1 1
will invest in security A with a probability of 0.6, (a) (b)
5 550
will invest in security B with a probability 0.3 and
will invest in both A and B with a probability of 1
0.2. What is the probability that an investor will (c) (d) None of these
invest neither in A nor in B ? 505
(a) 0.7 (b) 0.28 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.4 38. Two events A and B are such that P(not B) = 0.8,
33. Let X be a set containing n elements. If two P(AÈB) = 0.5 and P(A|B) = 0.4. Then P(A) is equal
subsets A and B of X are picked at random, the to
probability that A and B have the same number (a) 0.28 (b) 0.32
of elements, is
2n
Cn 1 (c) 0.38 (d) None of the above
(a) (b) 2 n 39. Two dice are thrown. What is the probability that
22n Cn
n
the sum of the faces equals or exceeds 10?
1 × 3 × 5....(2 n + 1) 3 (a) 1/12 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/6
(c) (d)
2n n ! 4n 40. The probability that in the random arrangement
34 A bag contains 50 tickets numbered 1, 2, 3, ...., 50 of the letters of the word ‘UNIVERSITY’, the two
of which five are drawn at random and arranged I’s does not come together is
in ascending order of magnitude (x1 < x2 < x3 < x4
< x5). The probability that x3 = 30 is 4
(a) (b) 1/ 5 (c) 1/10 (d) 9/10
5
 EBD_7588
226 Mathematics Objective MCQs
41. A bag contains an assortment of blue and red 47. A coin is tossed. If a head is observed, a number
balls. If two balls are drawn at random, the is randomly selected from the set {1, 2, 3} and if
probability of drawing two red balls is five times a tail is observed, a number is randomly selected
the probability of drawing two blue balls. from the set {2, 3, 4, 5}. If the selected number be
Furthermore, the probability of drawing one ball denoted by X, what is the probability that X = 3?
of each color is six times the probability of (a) 2/7 (b) 1/5 (c) 1/6 (d) 7/24
drawing two blue balls. The number of red and 48. A fair coin is tossed 2n times. The probability of
blue balls in the bag is getting as many heads in the first n tosses as in
(a) 6, 3 (b) 3, 6 the last n is
(c) 2, 7 (d) None of these 2n 2n
Cn C n -1
42. What is the probability of getting a “FULL (a) (b)
2n
HOUSE” in five cards drawn in a poker game 2 2n
from a standard pack of 52-cards? n
[A FULL HOUSE consists of 3 cards of the same (c) (d) None
kind (eg, 3 Kings) and 2 cards of another kind 2 2n
(eg, 2 Aces)] 49. The chance of one event happeing is the square
6 4 of the chance of a second event, but the odds
(a) (b) against the first are the cube of the odds against
4165 4165
the second. The chance of the first event is
3
(c) (d) None of these 1 1 2 4
4165
(a) (b) (c) (d)
43. A complete cycle of a traffic light takes 60 3 9 3 9
seconds. During each cycle the light is green for 50. Seven people seat themselves indiscriminately at
25 seconds, yellow for 5 seconds and red for 30 round table. The probability that two distinguished
seconds. At a randomly chosen time, the persons will be next to each other is
probability that the light will not be green is
1 1 1 2
1 1 4 7 (a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 2 4 3
3 4 3 12
51. The probability of choosing at random a number
44. If an integer q be chosen at random in the interval that is divisible by 6 or 8 from among 1 to 90 is
-10 £ q £ 10 , then the probability that the roots equal to :
3q 1 1 11 23
of the equation x2 + qx ++1 = 0 are real is (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 6 30 80 90
15 16 17
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 52. Three numbers are chosen at random without
3 21 21 21 replacement from the set A = {x |1£ x £10, x ÎN}.
45. Let A and B be two events. Then
The probability that the minimum of the chosen
1 + P (A Ç B) – P(B) – P(A) is equal to
numbers is 3 and maximum is 7, is
(a) P( A È B ) (b) P( A Ç B ) 1 1
(a) (b)
(c) P ( A Ç B ) (d) P ( A Ç B ) 12 15
46. If mean and variance of a Binomial variate X are 2 1
and 1 respectively, then the probability that X (c) (d) None of these
40
takes a value greater than 1 is 53. The probabilities of two events A and B are given
2 4 7 11 as P (A) = 0.8 and P (B) = 0.7. What is the
(a) (b) (c) (d) minimum value of P ( A Ç B ) ?
3 5 8 16
(a) 0 (b) 0.1 (c) 0.5 (d) 1
Probability-I 227
54. Let w be a complex cube root of unity with w ¹ 1. All the three fire a shot each. What is the
A fair die is thrown three times. If r1, r2 and r3 are probability that two shots are at least hit?
the numbers obtained on the die, then the (a) 1/6 (b) 3/5 (c) 5/6 (d) 1/3
probability that wr1 + wr2 + wr3 = 0 is 58. It has been found that if A and B play a game 12
times, A wins 6 times, B wins 4 times and they
draw twice. A and B take part in a series of 3
games. The probability that they win alternately,
(a) 1/18 (b) 1/9 (c) 2/9 (d) 1/36 is :
(a) 5/12 (b) 5/36
1+ 4p 1- p 1- 2p
55. If , and are the probabilities (c) 19/27 (d) 5/27
4 2 2 59. An experiment consists of flipping a coin and
of three mutually exclusive events, then value of then flipping it a second time if head occurs. If a
p is tail occurs on the first flip, then a six-faced die is
1 1 1 2 tossed once. Assuming that the outcomes are
(a) (b) (c) (d) equally likely, what is the probability of getting
2 3 4 3
one head and one tail?
56. In an examination, the probability of a candidate (a) 1/4 (b) 1/36
1 (c) 1/6 (d) 1/8
solving a question is . Out of given 5 60. A point is selected at random from the interior of
2
questions in the examination, what is the a circle. The probability that the point is close to
probability that the candidate was able to solve the centre, then the boundary of the circle, is
at least 2 questions?
1 3 1 13
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 1
64 16 2 16 (a) (b)
57. A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots; 4 2
B can hit a target 3 times in 4 shots; 1
C can hit a target 2 times in 3 shots; (c) (d) None of these
4

Answer KEYs
1 (d) 7 (d) 13 (c) 19 (b) 25 (c) 31 (a) 37 (d) 43 (d) 49 (b) 55 (a)
2 (d) 8 (c) 14 (b) 20 (b) 26 (b) 32 (c) 38 (c) 44 (d) 50 (a) 56 (d)
3 (b) 9 (c) 15 (a) 21 (c) 27 (b) 33 (a) 39 (d) 45 (d) 51 (d) 57 (c)
4 (d) 10 (a) 16 (d) 22 (b) 28 (b) 34 (c) 40 (a) 46 (d) 52 (c) 58 (b)
5 (a) 11 (d) 17 (b) 23 (d) 29 (b) 35 (a) 41 (a) 47 (d) 53 (c) 59 (a)
6 (d) 12 (b) 18 (c) 24 (c) 30 (c) 36 (a) 42 (a) 48 (a) 54 (c) 60 (c)
 EBD_7588
228 Mathematics Objective MCQs

take n = 5
1. (d) Required probability = P( A È B) = P( A Ç B)
= 1–P (A Ç B) n=5
Again, P ( A È B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) - P( A Ç B ) Hence 5 missiles should be fired so that there is
at least 80% prob. that the target is hit.
[By add. Theorem]
1
Again, P ( A È B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) - P( A Ç B ) 6. (d) Probability of A =
6
= P ( A ) + P ( B ) - P ( A È B) 1
Probability of B =
= P ( A) + P ( B ) - {1 - P( A È B )} 5
= P ( A) + P ( B ) + P ( A È B) - 1 1
Probability of C =
Finally, 4
P ( A È B ) = P[( A Ç B ) È ( A Ç B) È ( A Ç B )] 1 1 1
Hence, required probability = ´ ´
= P ( A Ç B ) + P( A Ç B) + P ( A Ç B ) 6 5 4
[ Q A Ç B , A Ç B and A Ç B are mutually 1
=
exclusive events] 120
So, alternative (d) is the correct answer. 7. (d) The total number of ways of choosing 11
players out of 15 is 15C11. A team of 11 players
2. (d) From the given information probability that
containing at least 3 bowlers can be chosen in
Amar will win the tournament is P(A) = 1/5 and the following mutually exclusive ways :
Bimal will win is P(B) = 1/6 and same for Chetan is (I) Three bowlers out of 5 bowlers and 8 other
P(C) = 2/5. players out of the remaining 10 players.
(II) Four bowlers out of 5 bowlers and 7 other
Since these events are mutually exclusive. players out of the remaining 10 players.
3. (b) Let us divide the players into two pools A (III) Five bowlers out of 5 bowlers and 6 other
and B each containing 4 players. players out of the remaining 10 players.
Let P4 be in pool A. Now P4 will reach the final if So, required probability = P(I) + P(II) + P(III)
we fill the remaining three of pool A by any of 5
P5, P6, P7 or P8 C3 ´ 10C8 5
C4 ´ 10C7 5
C5 ´ 10C6 12
= + + = .
15 15 15
4
C3 4 × 3× 2 4 C11 C11 C11 13
\ Probability is = = .
7 7 × 6 × 5 35
C3 8. (c) Three vertices can be selected in 6 C 3 ways.
4. (d) Req. Prob. = P(5 points) = P(two wins and A5 A4
one draw)
= P(WWD) + P(WDW) + P(DWW)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A6 A3
= ´ ´ + ´ ´ + ´ ´ =
3 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 3 18
5. (a) Probability of hitting the target = 0.3
If 'n' is the no. of times that the Missile is fired. A1 A2
\ Probability of hitting at least once
The only equilateral triangles possible are
= 1– [1–0.3]n = 0.8
A1A3A5 and A2A4A6
0.7n = 0.2
n log 0.7 = log 0.2 2 2 1
p= = =
Þ n = 4.512 6
C3 20 10
for n = 4; p < 0.8
Probability-I 229
9. (c) Total number of ways in which 4 persons 15. (a) The first object can be given to any of the n
can be selected out of 3 + 2 + 4 = 9 persons = 9C4 persons. But the second, third and other objects,
= 126. too, can go to any of the n persons. Therefore
Number of ways in which a selection of 4 contains the total number of ways of distributing the n
exactly 2 children = 4C2 × 5C2 = 60. objects randomly among n persons is nn. There
60 10 are nPn = n! ways in which each person gets
\ Required probability = = exactly one object, so the probability of this
126 21 happening is
10. (a) Since P(A È B È C) = P(A) + P(B) +P(C)
– P(A Ç B) – P(B Ç C) – P(C Ç A) + P(A Ç B Ç C) n! (n - 1) !
= n -1 .
Or P(A È B È C) = 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.8 – (0.08 + 0.28 nn n
+ P(B Ç C)) + 0.09 Hence the probability that at least one person
F = 1.23 – P(B Ç C) (n - 1) !
Or P(B Ç C) = 1.23 – P(A È B È C) does not get any object is 1 - .
But we know that 0 £ P(A È B È C) 1 n n -1
Hence 0.23 £ P(B Ç C) £ 0.48 16. (d) The total number of ways in which papers
of 4 students can be checked by seven teachers
11. (d) U = {( HHH )( HHT )( HTH )( HTT ) is 74. The number of ways of choosing two
(THH )(THT )(TTH )(TTT )} teachers out of 7 is 7C2. The number of ways in
which they can check four papers is 24. But this
A = {(TTT )} includes two ways in which all the papers will be
B = {( HTT )(THT )(TTH )} checked by a single teacher. Therefore, the
number of ways in which 4 papers can be checked
C = {( HHH )( HHT )( HTH )(THH )} by exactly two teachers is 24 – 2 = 14. Therefore,
By checking the options the number of favourable ways is (7C2) (14) =
(d) A Ç ( B 'È C ') = B 'Ç C ' is correct. (21) (14). Thus, the required probability is
12. (b) Possible outcomes are (Head, 1), (Head, 2), (21)(14)/74 = 6/49.
(Head, 3), (Head, 4), (Head, 5), (Head, 6), Tail 17. (b) n( S ) = 50C5 , n( E ) = 30C2 ´ 19C2
13. (c) Exhaustive number of cases = 24C14 30
Favourable cases = 22C14 C2 ´ 19C2
\ P( E ) = 50
.
14. (b) Given equation C5
100 18. (c) Probability that machine stops working
x+ > 50 = P( A È B È C )
x
Þ x 2 - 50x + 100 > 0 Þ ( x - 25) 2 > 525 Þ P ( A È B È C ) = P( A) + P( B) + P(C )
- P ( A Ç B) - P ( A Ç C ) - P ( B Ç C )
Þ x - 25 < - (525) or x - 25 > (525)
+ P( A Ç B Ç C )
Þ x < 25 - (525) or x > 25 + (525)
Þ P ( A È B È C ) = P( A) + P( B) + P(C )
As x is positive integer and (525) = 22.91 , we - P ( A) P ( B ) - P ( A) P (C )
must have - P ( B ) P (C ) + P( A) P( B) P(C )
x £ 2 or x ³ 48 (Q A, B & C are independent events)
Let E be the event for favourable cases and S be Þ P( A È B È C) = 0.02 + 0.1 + 0.05 - (0.02 ´ 0.1)
the sample space.
\ E = {1, 2, 48, 49, ......100} -(0.02 ´ 0.05) - (0.1´ 0.05)

\ n(E ) = 55 and n(S) = 100 +(0.02 ´ 0.05 ´ 0.1)

Hence the required probability Þ P ( A È B È C ) = 0.16
n (E ) 55 11 \ Probability that the machine will not stop
P(E) = = = . working
n (S) 100 20
= 1 - P ( A È B È C ) = 1 - 0.16 = 0.84
 EBD_7588
230 Mathematics Objective MCQs
19. (b) Events A and B are mutually exclusive. -2P ( B Ç C ) + P(C ) + P ( A) - 2 P (C Ç A)]
Hence P ( A Ç B) = f = 0 + P( A Ç B Ç C )
\ P ( A È B) = P ( A) + P( B ) ...(1) 1
P(A) = 0.2 [given] = [1 - a + 1 - 2a + 1 - a ] + a 2
2
P( B) = P( A Ç B) + P( A Ç B) [using (1), (2), (3) and (4)]
P ( B) = P ( A Ç B) [Q P ( A Ç B ) = 0] 3 1
= - 2a + a 2 = + (a - 1)2 > .
1
= 0.3 2 2 2
23. (d) Exhaustive number of cases = 126
P ( A È B) = 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.5 Favourable cases = 12C2 (26 – 2)
P( A) 0.2 2 12
C 2 ( 2 6 - 2) 341
P ( A | ( A È B)) = = = \ Probabiltity = =
P ( A È B ) 0.5 5 12 6
125
2 2
P ( A | ( A È B )) = æ ax + bx öx
5 24. (c) Given limit, lim çç ÷
÷
20. (b) Required no. of elementary events x ®0
è 2 ø
= 8C2 × 2! = 56
21. (c) Since, probabilities of failure for engines A, 2 æ a x -1+b x -1 ö
lim ç ÷
B and C P(A), P(B) and P(C) are 0.03, 0.02 and æ a +b x x
- 2 ö a + b - 2 x ®0çè
x x x ÷
ø
0.05 respectively. = lim ç1 + ÷
ç
x ®0 è 2 ÷
The aircraft will crash only when all the three ø
engine fail. So, probability that it crashes
= e log ab = ab = 6.
= P(A). P(B). P(C) Total number of possible ways in which a, b can
= 0.03 × 0.02 × 0.05 take values is 6 × 6 = 36. Total possible ways are
= 0.00003 (1, 6), (6, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2). The total number of
Hence, the probability that the aircraft will not possible ways is 4. Hence, the required
crash = 1 – 0.00003 probability is 4/36 = 1/9.
= 0.99997 25. (c) Total number of selecting 3 components out
22. (b) P (exactly one event out of A and B occurs) of 10 = 10C3. Out of 3 selected components two
= P[ A Ç B ') È ( A 'Ç B)] defective pieces can be selected in 4C2 ways and
one non-defective piece will be selected in 6C1
ways. Hence, required probability
A B
6
C1 ´ 4C2 6 ´ 6´ 6 3
= = =
10
C3 10 ´ 9 ´ 8 10
26. (b) Total no. of students in four schools
= P( A È B ) - P( A Ç B ) = 12 + 20 + 13 + 17 = 62.
= P( A) + P( B ) - 2 P ( A Ç B ) Now, one student is selected at random.
\ P ( A) + P( B) - 2P ( A Ç B ) = 1 - a ...(1) \ Total outcomes = 62 C1
Now, no. of students in school B2 = 20.
Similarly, P ( B ) + P(C ) - 2P ( B Ç C ) = 1 - 2a ...(2) No. of ways to select a student from B2 = 20C1.
P (C ) + P ( A) - 2P (C Ç A) = 1 - a ...(3) 20C1 20 10
\ Required probability = = =
2 62C 1 62 31
P( A Ç B Ç C ) = a ...(4)
Now P ( A È B È C ) 27. (b) Total number of ways of arranging the balls
= P ( A) + P ( B ) + P (C ) - P( A Ç B) - P( B Ç C ) 10!
= = 120
3! 7!
- P (C Ç A) + P( A Ç B Ç C )
Favourable cases, x B1y B2 z B3 t
1 If x, y, z and t be the number of white balls to be
= [ P( A) + P ( B ) - 2 P ( B Ç C ) + P( B) + P(C )
2
Probability-I 231

places as sh own above then 0 £ x, t £ 5 P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A Ç B)

1 £ y, z £ 6 = 0.6 + 0.3 – 0.2 = 0.9 – 0.2 = 0.7
\ Number of favourable cases So, P (neither in A nor in B) = 1– P(A È B)
= coefficient of x7 in = 1– 0.7 = 0.3
(1 + x +x2 +....+x5)2 (x + x2 + ...+x6)2 n
= coeff. of x7 in x2 (1 + x + x2 +...+ x5)4 å n Cr ´ n Cr
4
33. (a) Required probability = r =0
æ1- x6 ö 2 n ´ 2n
= coeff. of x5 in çç 1 - x ÷ = coeff. of x5 in (1 – x)–4
÷
è ø C02 + C12 + C22 + .... + Cn2 2n
Cn
8
= C5 = 56 = n
= 2n
4 2
56 7 34. (c) Five tickets out of 50 can drawn in 50C5
\ Desired probability = =
120 15 ways. Since x1 < x2 < x3 < x4 < x5 and x3 = 30,
28. (b) The total number of ways in which 8 persons x1, x2 < 30, i.e., x1 and x2 should come from tickets
can speak is 8P8 = 8!. The number of ways in numbered 1 and 29 and this may happen in 29C2
which A, B and C can be arranged in the specified ways.
speaking order is 8C3. There are 5! ways in which Remaining ways, i.e., x4, x5 > 30, should come
the other five can speak. So, favourable number from 20 tickets numbered 31 to 50 in 20C2 ways.
of ways is 8C3 × 5!. So, favourable number of cases = 29C2 29C2
20
C ´ 5! 18 C2 ´ 29C2
Hence, required probability = 3 = . Hence, required probability = 50
8! 6 C5
29. (b) Let xi be any element of set P, we have 35. (a) Total number of ways of selecting 3 integers
following possibilities from 20 natural numbers = 20C3 = 1140
(i) xi Î A, xi Î B; Their product is a multiple of 3 means, at least
(ii) xi Î A, xi Ï B; one number is divisible by 3.
The numbers which are divisible by 3 are 3, 6, 9,
(iii) xi Ï A, xi Î B; 12, 15, 18 and the number of ways of selecting
atleast one of them is
(iv) xi Ï A, xi Ï B
6
Clearly, the element xi Î A Ç B if it belongs to A C1 ´ 14 C2 + 6 C2 ´ 14 C1 + 6 C3 = 776
and B both. Thus out of these 4 ways only first 776 194
way is favourable. Now the element that we want Required Probability = =
1140 285
to be in the intersection can be chosen in 'n' 36. (a) We know that
different ways. P (exactly one of A or B occurs)
Hence required probability is n × (3/ 4)n -1. = P (A) + P (B) –2P ( A Ç B)
30. (c) Total no. of 3-digit numbers = 9 ×8 ×7 = 504 \ P ( A) + P ( B ) – 2 P( A Ç B ) = p ...(1)
For product to be odd, we have to choose only
from odd numbers. Similarly, P ( B ) + P (C ) – 2 P( B Ç A)= p ...(2)
\ Total no. of 3-digit no. whose product are odd and P (C ) + P ( A) – 2P (C Ç A) = p ...(3)
= 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 Adding Eqs. (1), (2) and (3) we get
60 5 2[ P ( A) + P ( B ) + P (C ) - P( A Ç B ) - P( B Ç C )
\ Required probability = =
504 42 - P (C Ç A)] = 3 p
31. (a) Maximum sum of numbers appearing on four
dice together = 24 Þ P ( A) + P ( B ) + P (C ) - P ( A Ç B ) - P ( B Ç C )
\ Required probability = 0 - P (C Ç A)] = 3 p / 2 ...(4)
32. (c) As given P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.3 and
It is also given that
P(A Ç B) = 0.2
P( A Ç B Ç C ) = p 2 ...(5)
 EBD_7588
232 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Now, r
P (at least one of A, B and C) C2 r (r - 1)
= p (A) + p (B) + p (C) – p (A Ç B) – p (B Ç C) = p1 = r +b
=
(r + b)(r + b - 1)
C2
– p (C Ç B) + p (A Ç B Ç C)
The probability of drawing two blue balls is
3p 3 p + 2 p2
= + p2 = [Using Eqs. (4) and (5)] b
C2 b(b - 1)
2 2 p2 = =
r +b (r + b)(r + b - 1)
37. (d) The number of ways of arranging 50 books C2
= 50P50 = 50!. The number of ways of choosing The porbability of drawing one red and one blue
places for the five volume dictionary is 50C5 and ball
the number of ways of arranging the remaining r
45 books = 45P45= (45)! Thus the number of C1 bC1 2br
favourable ways is ( 50C5) (45 !). Hence the = p3 = r +b
=
(r + b)(r + b - 1)
C2
probability of the required event
By hypothesis, p1 = 5p2 and p3 = 6p2. Therefore,
=
(
50
)
C 5 (45!) æ 50 ! ö æ 45! ö 1
= çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷ = =
1 r (r – 1) = 5b(b – 1) and 2br = 6b(b – 1)
Þ r = 6, b = 3.
50 ! è 5! 45! ø è 50 ! ø 5! 120 42. (a) There are 6 ways to select 2 cards of the
38. (c) Q P(B) = 0.8 Þ P(B) = 0.2 same kind from the 4 cards in the deck and there
are 13 different kinds of cards, so the total
P(A È B) = 0.5 & P(A| B) = 0.4 number of combinations possible of 2 cards is
6 × 13 = 78. There are 4 ways to choose 3 cards
Q P(A Ç B) = P(B) ´ P(A | B) = 0.2 ´ 0.4 = 0.08 of the same kind from 4 cards of the same kind,
but because the 3-of-a-kind suit must be different
& P(A) = P(A È B) - P(B) + P(A Ç B) from the 2-of-a-kind suit, th e possible
P(A) = 0.5 – 0.2 + 0.08 = 0.38 combinations of this is, 4 × 12 = 48.
39. (d) Let E be the sum of the faces equals or So total number of ways is = 48 × 78 = 3744
exceeds. Then, Sample space is 52C5 = 2,598,560
E = { (5, 5), (4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)} 3744 6
Required Probability = =
\ n(E) = 6 2598560 4165
43. (d) Total time of a cycle = 60 sec
n( E ) 6 1
Hence, P ( E ) = = = Time of green light = 25 sec
n( S ) 36 6
25
40. (a) Total no. of arrangements of the letters of \ Probability that light is green =
60
10! \ Probability that light will not be green
the word UNIVERSITY is .
2! 25 7
No. of arrangements when both I's are together = 9! 1- =
So. the no. of ways in which 2 I’s do not together 60 12
44. (d) q is an integer, then number of possible
10! outcomes in [–10, 10] = 21
= - 9!
2! Now, for real roots, discriminant ³ 0
10! Þ (q - 4)(q + 1) ³ 0 Þ q ³ 4, q £ -1
- 9! Then, number of favourable outcomes = 7 + 10 = 17
2! 10!- 9! 2!
\ Required probability = =
10! 10! 17
Hence required probability =
2! 21
45. (d) We know P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)
10 ´ 9!- 9!.2! 9![10 - 2] 8 4
Consider; 1 + P (A Ç B) – P (B) – P (A)
= = = = = 1– P (B) – P (A) + P (A) + P (B) – P (A È B)
10! 10 ´ 9! 10 5 = 1 – P (A È B)
41. (a) Let the number of red and blue balls be r 46. (d) We have; np = 2 = mean
and b, respectively. Then, the probability of npq = 1 = variance
drawing two red balls
Probability-I 233

1 1 50. (a) Seven people can seat themselves at a

Þp= ;q = & n = 4 round table in 6! ways. The number of ways in
2 2
which two distinguished persons will be next to
Required probability = P(x > 1)
= 1 – P (x £ 1) each other = 2 (5) !, Hence, the required probability
= 1 – [P(x = 0) + P (x = 1)] 2(5) ! 1
= 1 – [4C0q4 + 4C1q3p1] = = .
6! 3
5 11
= 1- = 51. (d) Nos. divisible by 6 are 6, 12, 18, ......, 90.
16 16 Nos. divisible by 8 are 8, 16, 24, ......, 88.
47. (d) Probability that (X = 3)
Now, total no. divisible by 6 = 15
1 1 1 1 7 and total no. divisible by 8 = 11
= ´ + ´ =
2 3 2 4 24 Now, the no. divisible by both 6 and 8 are 24, 48, 72.
48. (a) The number of possible outcomes of 2n So, total no. divisible by both 6 and 8 = 3
tosses is 22n. There are nCr ways of getting r \ Probability (number divisible by 6 or 8)
heads, with 0 £ r £ n, in n tosses. Therefore, the
15 + 11 - 3 23
number of ways of getting r heads in both the = =
first n and last n tosses is (nCr)2. Summing over 90 90
52. (c) n(S) = C3 and n(E) = 3 C1 , because on
10
all values of r, the number of favourable ways is
selecting 3, 7 and we have to select one from 4, 5
(n C0 )2 + (n C1)2 + ( n C2 )2 + .... + (n Cn )2 = 2n Cn , and 6.
2n
Cn 3
C1 1
So that the required probability is . \ P ( E ) = 10 = .
2 2n C3 40
49. (b) Let the two events be E1 and E2. Let their
chances be p and q respectively. 53. (c) As we know P (A ÈB) £ 1
Then p = q2 .....(i) \ P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)£ 1
The chances of not happening of the events are Þ 0.8 + 0.7 – P (A Ç B) £ 1
1 – p and 1 – q respectively. Þ P(A Ç B)³ 1.5 – 1
Þ P(A Ç B) ³ 0.5
1- p
Odds against the first event = Hence, the minimum value of P(AÇ B) is 0.5.
p
54. (c) r1 , r2 , r3 Î {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
1- q
Odds against the second event = r1, r2, r3 are of the form 3 k, 3 k + 1, 3 k + 2
q
Required probability
3
1 - p æ 1- q ö 1 - q2 (1 - q)3
Given = çç ÷÷ Þ = 3!´ 2C1 ´ 2 C1 ´ 2 C1 6 ´ 8 2
p è q ø q2 q3 = = = .
6´6´6 216 9
[From (i)]
1 + 4p 1 - p 1 - 2p
55. (a) , , are probabilities of
æ1- q ö é (1 - q )2 ù = 0 4 2 2
Þç ÷ ê(1 + q ) - ú
ç q2 ÷ êë q úû the three mutually exclusive events, then
è ø
1 + 4p 1- p 1 - 2p
Q q ¹ 1 and q ¹ 0 0£ £ 1, 0 £ £ 1, 0 £ £1
4 2 2
1 1 + 4 p 1 - p 1 - 2p
\ q (1 + q ) = 1 - 2q + q 2 Þ q = and 0 £ + + £1
3 4 2 2
1
\ from (i) p = q 2 = \-
1 3 1 1 1
£ p £ , - 1 £ p £ 1, - £ p , £ p £
5
9 4 4 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
\ p(E1 ) = p = \ £p£
9 2 2
 EBD_7588
234 Mathematics Objective MCQs
[The intersection of above four intervals] \ Probability of maximum one hit
1 1 9 10 1
\p = = + = =
2 60 60 60 6
2 3 3 2 Probability that two shots are hit at least is the
æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö
56. (d) P = C2 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 5C3 ç ÷ ç ÷
5
è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø 1 5
required probability = 1 - =
6 6
4 1 5 0
æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö
+ 5C4 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 5C5 çè ÷ø çè ÷ø 6 1 4 1
è 2ø è2ø 2 2 58. (b) P (A) = = , P(B) = =
12 2 12 3
5 Req. probability
æ1ö 5
= ç ÷ éë C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 ùû
5 5 5
è2ø 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
= . . + . . = + =
2 3 2 3 2 3 12 18 36
1
= 2 [10 + 10 + 5 + 1]
3 1 1 1
59. (a) Required probability = ´ =
2 2 4
1 13
= 2 × 26 = . 60. (c) n(S) = the area of the circle of radius r
3 16
57. (c) Probability of no one hitting the target r
n(E) = the area of the circle of radius
1 1 2
= =
5 ´ 4 ´ 3 60 2
Probability of one hitting the target ærö
pç ÷
n( E ) 2 1
4 + 3+ 2 9 \ The probability = = è 2ø = .
= = n( S ) pr 4
60 60
 Realations and
Function

Relations &
17
Functions-II
7. f (x) = | x – 1 |, f : R+ ® R and g (x) = ex,
1. Let A = {p, q, r}. Which of the following is an g : [–1, ¥) ® R. If the function fog (x) is defined,
equivalence relation in A? then its domain and range respectively are
(a) R1 = {(p, q), (q, r), (p, r), (p, q)}
(b) R2 = {(r, q), (r, p), (r, r), (q, q)}
(c) R3 = {(p, p), (q, q), (r, r), (p, q)} (a) (0, ¥) and [0, ¥)
(d) None of these (b) [–1, ¥) and [0, ¥)
2. Let R = {(1,3),(4, 2),(2,4),(2,3),(3,1)} be a
é 1 ö
relation on the set A = {1, 2,3, 4}. . The relation (c) [–1, ¥) and ê1 - , ¥÷
ë e ø
R is
(a) reflexive (b) transitive é1 ö
(c) not symmetric (d) a function (d) [–1, ¥) and ê - 1, ¥÷ø
ëe
3. Let P = {( x, y ) :| x 2 + y 2 | = 1, x, y Î R} . Then P is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric 8. Let f : [4, ¥) ® [1, ¥) be a function defined by
(c) Transitive (d) Anti-symmetric f ( x) = 5 x ( x - 4) , then f–1 (x) is
4. Let r be the relation on the set R of all real
numbers defined by setting arb iff (a) 2 - 4 + log 5 x (b) 2 + 4 + log 5 x
1 æ1ö
x (x - 4)
| a - b | £ . Then, r is ç ÷
2 (c) (d) None of these
è5ø
(a) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
(b) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive 9. Let f and g be functions from R to R defined as
(c) transitive but neither reflexive nor ì 7 x 2 + x - 8, x £ 1 ì | x |, x < -3
symmetric ï ï
(d) None of these f ( x) = í4 x + 5, 1 < x £ 7 , g ( x) = í0, - 3 £ x < 2
ï 8 x + 3, x > 7 ï 2
5. The domain of the function f(x) = î î x + 4, x ³ 2
1 Then
contains the points (a) (fog) (–3) = 8 (b) (fog) (9) = 683
10
Cx - 1 - 3 ´ 10 C x (c) (gof) (0) = – 8 (d) (gof) (6) = 427
(a) 9, 10, 11 (b) 9, 10, 12 10. Let f : R ® R be given by
(c) all natural numbers (d) None of these f (x) = (x + 1)2 – 1, x ³ – 1. Then, f –1 (x), is
6. Let f (x) = x2 + 3x – 3, x > 0. If n points x1, x2, x3, ..., xn
are so chosen on the x-axis such that (a) -1 + x +1

1 n æ1 n ö (b) - 1 - x + 1
(i)
n
å f - 1 (x i ) = f çç n å x i ÷÷ (c) does not exist because f is not one-one
i =1 è i =1 ø (d) does not exist because f is not onto
n n 11. Let R be a relation over the N × N and it is
(ii) å f - 1 (x i ) = å x i , where f –1 denotes defined by (a, b) R (c, d) Þ a + d = b + c. Then,
i =1 i =1 R is
the inverse of f. (a) Reflexive only
x + x 2 + ... + x n (b) Symmetric only
The value of 1 = (c) Transitive only
n
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (d) An equivalence relation
 EBD_7588
236 Mathematics Objective MCQs
12. R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12} (c) f is many-one onto
defined by y = x – 3. The relation R–1 is (d) f is many-one into
(a) {(11, 8), (13, 10)} 20. Let A and B be two finite sets having m and n
(b) {(8, 11), (10, 13)} elements respectively. Then, the total number of
(c) {(8, 11), (9, 12), (10, 13)} mappings from A to B is :
(d) None of these (a) mn (b) 2mn (c) mn (d) n m
13. Let R = {(x, y) : x, y Î N and x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0}, 21. The domain of the function
where N is the set of all natural numbers. Then
f ( x ) = 24- x C3x -1 + 40-6 x C8x -10 is,
the relation R is :
(a) {2, 3} (b) {1, 2, 3}
(a) reflexive but neither symmetric nor
(c) {1, 2, 3, 4} (d) None of these
transitive.
22. If f (x) = 5 log5 x then f –1 ( a – b) where a, b Î R is
(b) symmetric and transitive.
equal to
(c) reflexive and symmetric.
(d) reflexive and transitive. f - 1 (a )
14. Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a (a) f – 1 (a) – f –1 (b) (b)
f -1 (b)
relation R in the set Z of integers by aRb if and
n 1 1
only if . The relation R is (c) (d)
a-b f (a - b) f ( a ) - f (b)
(a) reflexive 23. Let a relation R in the set R of real numbers be
(b) symmetric defined as (a, b) Î R if and only if 1 + ab > o for all
(c) transitive a, b Î R.
(d) an equivalence relation The relation R is
15. Let n(A) = 4 and n(B) = 6. The number of one (a) reflexive and symmetric
to one functions from A to B is (b) symmetric and transitive
(a) 24 (b) 60 (c) 120 (d) 360 (c) only transitive
16. The relation R defined in A = {1, 2, 3} by aRb, if (d) an equivalence relation
| a2 – b2 | £ 5. Which of the following is false? 24. The number of linear functions f satisfying
(a) R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), f (x + f (x)) = x + f (x) " x Î R is
(3,2)} (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(b) R – 1 = R 25. Let f : R ® R be function defined by
(c) Domain of R = {1, 2, 3} f (x) = sin (2x –3), then f is
(d) Range of R = {5} (a) injective (b) surjective
17. Total number of equivalence relations defined in (c) bijective (d) None of these
the set S = {a, b, c} is : 26. Let f : {x, y, z} ® {1, 2, 3} be a one-one
(a) 5 (b) 3! (c) 3 (d) 3 3 mapping such that only one of the following
2
three statements is true and remaining two are
x e -x false: f (x) ¹ 2, f (y) = 2, f (z) ¹ 1, then
18. Let f (x) = 2 and g (x) = , where [x] is
1+ x 1 + [x]
the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Then, (a) f (x) > f (y) > f (z) (b) f (x) < f (y) < f (z)
(a) D (f + g) = R – [– 2, 0) (c) f (y) < f (x) < f (z) (d) f (y) < f (z) < f (x)
(b) D (f + g) = R – [– 1, 0)
ìï x | x | -4, x ÎQ
é 1ù 27. If f : R ® R, f (x) = í , then f (x) is
(c) R (f) Ç R (g) = ê - 2, ú ïîx | x | - 3 x ÏQ
ë 2û
(a) one to one and onto
(d) None of these (b) many to one and onto
19. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by (c) one to one and into
x-m (d) many to one and into
f (x) = , where m ¹ n, then
x-n 28. If f : R ®S, defined by f ( x) = sin x - 3cos x +1,
(a) f is one-one onto is onto, then the interval of S is
(b) f is one-one into (a) [ –1, 3] (b) [–1, 1]
(c) [ 0, 1] (d) [0, 3]
Relations & Functions-II 237
29. Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {a, b, c}. If f is a 39. Which of the following functions is (are) injective
function from A to B and g is a one-one map(s)?
function from A to B, then the maximum number (a) f (x) = x2 + 2, x Î (– ¥, ¥)
of definitions of (b) f (x) = | x + 2 |, x Î[– 2,¥)
(a) f is 9 (b) g is 9 (c) f is 27 (d) g is 16 (c) f (x) = (x – 4) (x – 5), x Î (– ¥, ¥)
30. Let f (x) = sin x and g (x) = loge | x |. If the ranges of 4x 2 + 3x - 5
the composition functions fog and gof are R1 (d) f (x) = , x Î(– ¥, ¥)
and R2, respectively, then 4 + 3x - 5x 2
(a) R1 = {u: – 1 £ u < 1}, R2 = {v: –¥ < v < 0} 40. f : R ® defined by f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) is
(b) R1 = {u: – ¥ < u < 0}, R2 = {v: – ¥ < v < 0} (a) one-one and into (b) one-one and onto
(c) R1 = {u: – 1 < u < 1}, R2 = {v: – ¥ < v < 0} (c) many one and into(d) many-one and onto
(d) R1 = {u: – 1 £ u £ 1}, R2 = {v: –¥ < v £ 0}
2 10 x - 10 - x
31. Let R be a relation on N × N defined by 41. The inverse of f (x) = is
(a, b) R (c, d) Þ ad (b + c) = bc (a+d). R is 3 10 x + 10- x
(a) a partial order relation 1 1+ x 1 2 + 3x
(b) an equivalence relation (a) log10 (b) log10
(c) an identity relation 3 1- x 2 2 - 3x
(d) None of these 1 2 + 3x 1 2 - 3x
32. If f : R ® R and g : R ® R are given by f (x) = | x | and (c) log10 (d) log10
g (x) = [x] for each x Î R, then [x Î R : g (f (x)) 3 2 - 3x 6 2 + 3x
£ f (g (x))} = 42. If g(f (x)) = | sin x| and f(g(x)) = (sin 2
x ) , then
(a) f(x) = sin2 x, g(x) = x
(a) Z È (– ¥, 0) (b) (– ¥, 0) (b) f(x) = sin x, g(x) = | x |
(c) Z (d) R
33. The number of surjection from (c) f(x) = x2, g(x) = sin x
A = {1, 2, ......., n}, n ³ 2 onto B = {a, b} is (d) f and g cannot be determined.
(a) nP2 (b) 2n – 2 x
(c) 2n – 1 (d) None of these 43. If f (x) = , then (fofo........of )(x) is equal
x -1 19 times
34. The range of the function f (x) = 7 – x Px – 3 is to :
(a) {1, 2, 3} (b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 19
(c) {1, 2, 3, 4} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} x æ x ö
(a) (b) ç
35. Inverse of the function f : R ® (– ¥, 1) given x -1 è x - 1÷ø
by f (x) = 1 – 2–x. is
19x
(a) – log2 (1–x) (b) – log2 (x) (c) (d) x
(c) 0 (d) 1 x -1
36. Let A = R – {3}, B = R – {1}, and let f : A ® B 44. The graph of the function cos x cos (x + 2) – cos 2
x-2 (x + 1) is
be defined by f (x) = f is (a) a straight line passing through (0, – sin2 1)
x -3 with slope 2
(a) not one-one (b) a straight line passing through (0, 0)
(b) not onto (c) a parabola with vertex (1, –sin 2 1)
(c) many-one and onto
(d) one-one and onto (d) a straight line passing through the point
37. The image of the interval [1, 3] under the mapping æp 2 ö
f : R ® R, given by f (x) = 2x3 – 24x + 107 is ç ,- sin 1÷ and parallel to the x-axis.
è2 ø
(a) [0, 89] (b) [75, 89] 1
(c) [0, 75] (d) None of these 45. If g (x) = x2 + x – 2 and (gof) (x) = 2x2 – 5x + 2,
2
x2 - 4 then f(x) is equal to
38. If f : R ® R is given by f (x) = , then the (a) 2x – 3 (b) 2x + 3
x2 + 1
(c) 2x2 + 3x + 1 (d) 2x2 – 3x – 1
function f is
(a) many-one onto (b) many-one into 46. The number of bijective functions from a set A to
(c) one-one into (d) one-one onto itself when A contains 106 elements, is
(a) 106 (b) (106)2 (c) (106)! (d) 2106
 EBD_7588
238 Mathematics Objective MCQs

sin ([x] p) 56. Let [x] denote the greatest integer £ x. If f (x) =
47. If f (x) = where [.] denotes the greatest [x] and g (x) = |x|, then the value of
x2 + x + 1
integer function, then æ æ 8 öö æ æ 8 öö
(a) f is one-one f ç g ç ÷ ÷ - g ç f ç - ÷ ÷ is
5
è è øø è è 5 øø
(b) f is not one-one and non-constant
(c) f is a constant function (a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) 1 (d) –1
(d) None of these 57. If f (x) is an invertible function and
48. Let f(x) = 2x2, g(x) = 3x + 2 and fog (x) = 18 x2 + 24x + c, g (x) = 2 f (x) + 5, then the value of g–1 (x) is
then c = 1
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 4 (a) 2f –1 (x) – 5 (b) -1
2f (x) + 5
49. If f(x) = x – x2 + x3 – x4 + ... to ¥ for |x| < 1,
then f–1(x) = 1 –1 æ x - 5ö
(c) f (x) + 5 (d) f –1 ç ÷
x x 1- x 1 2 è 2 ø
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1+ x 1- x x x 58. Let S be any set and P (S) be its power set. We
50. If f (x) = ax + b and g (x) = cx + d, then define a relation R on P (S) by ARB to mean A Í B;
f {f (x)} = g {f (x)} is equivalent to " A, B Î P (S). Then R is
(a) f (a) = g (c) (b) f (b) = g (b) (a) equivalence relation
(c) f (d) = g (b) (d) f (c) = g (a) (b) not an equivalence but partial order relation
51. Let f (z) = sin z and g(z) = cos z. If * denotes a (c) both equivalence and partial order relation
composition of functions, then the value of (d) None of these
(f + ig) * (f – ig) is : 59. Let f : {2, 3, 4, 5} ® {3, 4, 5, 9} and g : {3, 4, 5, 9}
– e– iz - eiz ® {7, 11, 15} be functions defined as
(a) ie (b) ie
– e– i z
f (2) = 3 f (3) = 4, f(4) = f(5) = 5, g(3) = g(4) = 7, and
(c) – i e (d) None of these g (5) = g (9) = 11. Then gof (5) is equal to
52. Let R and S be two non-void relations in a set A. (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 11 (d) 1
Which of the following statements is not true?
60. If f (x) = 3 | x | - x - 2 and g (x) = sin x, then
(a) R and S transitive Þ R È S is transitive
(b) R and S transitive Þ R Ç S is transitive domain of definition of fog (x) is
(c) R and S symmetricÞ R È S is symmetric
(d) R and S reflexive Þ R Ç S is reflexive
ì pü
53. Let function f : R ® R be defined by (a) í2np + ý , n Î I
î 2þ
f (x) = 2x + sin x for x Î R , then f is
æ 7p 11p ö
(a) one-one and onto
(b) one-one but NOT onto
(b) U ç 2np +
è 6
, 2np +
6 ø
÷
n ÎI
(c) onto but NOT one-one
(d) neither one-one nor onto ì 7p ü
54. If f (x) = 5 log5 x then f –1 ( a – b) where a, b Î R (c) í2np + ý , n Î I
î 6þ
is equal to
p é 7p 11p ù
(a) f – 1 (a) – f –1 (b) (b)
f - 1 (a ) (d) {(4m + 1) : m Î I}
2
U ê2np + 6 , 2np + 6 ú
ë û
f -1 (b)
n ÎI

61. If f : R ® R, g : R ® R and h : R ® R are such

1 1 that f (x) = x2, g (x) = tan x and h (x) = log x, then
(c) (d)
f (a - b) f (a) - f (b)
p
55. If f (x) = |x – 2| and g (x) = f [f (x)], the value of (ho (gof)) (x) if x = will be
4
then for x > 20, g¢ (x) is equal to
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) p
(c) 2 (d) None of these
Relations & Functions-II 239
67. For real numbers x and y, we define x R y iff
ìï x3 + 1, x < 0 ìï(x -1)1/3, x <1
62. If f (x) = í 2 , g (x) = í , x - y + 5 is an irrational number. The relation R is
1/2
ïî x + 1, x ³ 0 ïî(x -1) , x ³1 (a) reflexive (b) symmetric
then (gof) (x) is equal to (c) transitive (d) None of these
(a) x, " x Î R (b) x – 1, " x Î R 68. Let f (x) = – 1 + | x – 1 |, –1 £ x £ 3 and £ g (x) =
2 – | x + 1 |, –2 £ x £ 2, then (fog) (x) is equal to
(c) x + 1, " x Î R (d) None of these
ìx + 1 - 2 £ x £ 0
1 (a) í
63. If f (x) = 2x + | x |, g (x) = (2x – | x |) and îx - 1 0 < x £ 2
3
h (x) = f (g (x)), then domain of sin–1 ìx - 1 - 2 £ x £ 0
(h (h (h (h ...h (x)...)))) (b) í
1444 424444 3 is îx + 1 0 < x £ 2
n times
ì - 1 - x -2 £ x £ 0
é 1 ù é1 ù (c) í
î x -1 0<x£2
(a) [– 1, 1] (b) ê- 1, - 2 ú È ê 2 , 1ú
ë û ë û (d) None of these
é 1ù é1 ù 69. Let f : R ® R be a function such that
(c) ê -1, - 2 ú (d) ê 2 , 1ú f ( x ) = ax + 3 sin x + 4 cos x. Then f(x) is
ë û ë û
invertible if
64. Let A = Z È{ 2}. Define a relation R in A by
aRb if and only if a + b Î Z. The relation R is
(a) reflexive (a) a Î (-5, 5) (b) a Î (-¥, - 5)
(b) symmetric and transitive (c) a Î (0, + ¥) (d) None of these
(c) only transitive
(d) None of these 70. Let f : (4, 6) ® (6, 8) be a function defined by
éx ù
ax + d f ( x ) = x + ê ú (where [.] denotes the greatest
65. If f ( x ) = and f [f (x )] = x for all x, then: ë2û
cx + b
(a) a = b (b) c = d integer function), then f -1 ( x) is equal to
(c) a + b = 0 (d) c + d = 0
éxù
2 2æpö æ pö (a) x-ê ú (b) -x - 2
66. If f(x) = sin x + sin ç x + ÷ + cos x cos ç x + ÷ ë2û
è 3ø è 3ø 1
(c) x – 2 (d)
æ5ö éx ù
x+ê ú
and g ç ÷ = 1, then gof(x) = ë2û
è 4ø
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) sin x (d) None

Answer KEYs
1 (d) 8 (b) 15 (d) 22 (b) 29 (c) 36 (d) 43 (a) 50 (c) 57 (d) 64 (b)
2 (c) 9 (b) 16 (d) 23 (a) 30 (d) 37 (b) 44 (d) 51 (b) 58 (b) 65 (c)
3 (b) 10 (a) 17 (a) 24 (c) 31 (b) 38 (a) 45 (a) 52 (a) 59 (c) 66 (a)
4 (a) 11 (d) 18 (d) 25 (d) 32 (d) 39 (b) 46 (c) 53 (a) 60 (d) 67 (a)
5 (d) 12 (b) 19 (b) 26 (c) 33 (b) 40 (d) 47 (c) 54 (b) 61 (a) 68 (d)
6 (a) 13 (d) 20 (d) 27 (d) 34 (a) 41 (b) 48 (b) 55 (b) 62 (a) 69 (b)
7 (b) 14 (d) 21 (a) 28 (a) 35 (a) 42 (a) 49 (b) 56 (d) 63 (a) 70 (c)
 EBD_7588
240 Mathematics Objective MCQs

x1 + x 2 + ... + x n
Þ f (x) = x, where x =
1. (d) R1 is not reflexive, because (q, q) (r, r) Ï R1. n
\ R1 is not an equivalence relation Þ x 2 + 3x - 3 = x Þ x 2 + 2x - 3 = 0
R2 is not reflexive, because (p, p) Ï R2.
\ R2 is not an equivalence relation. Þ x = - 3,1 Þ x = 1 as x > 0
R3 is reflexive, because (p, p), (q, q), (r, r) Î R3.
R3 is not symmetric, because (p, q) Î R3 ì1 - x, 0 < x < 1
but (q, p) Ï R3. 7. (b) f (x) = | x - 1| = í
î x - 1, x ³ 1
2. (c) (2,3) Î R but (3, 2) Ï R g (x) = ex, x ³ –1
\ R is not symmetric
3. (b) Obviously, the relation is not reflexive and ì1 - g(x), 0 < g(x) < 1 i.e. - 1 £ x < 0
transitive but it is symmetric, because x2 + y2 = 1 (fog) (x) = í
Þ y2 + x2 = 1 îg(x) - 1, g(x) ³ 1 i.e. 0 £ x
1 ìï1 - e x , - 1 £ x < 0
4. (a) r is reflexive, since | a - a | = 0 < for all a Î R.
2 =í x
1 ïîe - 1, x³0
r is symmetric, since Þ | b - a | <
2 \ domain = [–1, ¥)
r is not transitive. For, if we take three fog is decreasing in [–1, 0) and increasing in [0, ¥)
3 1 1 1
numbers , , . fog(-1) = 1 - and fog (0) = 0
4 3 8 e
Then, As x ® ¥, fog (x) ® ¥,
3 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 \ range = [0, ¥)
- = < and - = <
4 3 12 2 3 8 24 2 8. (b) Let
3 1 5 1 y = 5 x ( x - 4) Þ x ( x - 4) = log 5 y
But, - = >
4 8 8 2 Þ x 2 - 4x - log 5 y = 0
3 1 1 1 3 1
Thus, r and r but (~ r) 4 ± 16 + 4 log 5 y
4 3 3 8 4 8 Þx= = ( 2 ± 4 + log 5 y )
5. (d) Given function is defined if 10Cx – 1 > 3 10Cx 2
1 3 But x ³ 4, so x = ( 2 + 4 + log 5 y )
or > or 4x > 33 or x ³ 9
11 - x x
But x £ 10 \ x = 9, 10 \ f -1 (x) = 2 + 4 + log 5 x
f - 1 (x1 ) + f - 1 (x 2 ) + ... + f - 1 (x n ) 9. (b) We have g (–3) = 0
6. (a) Þ f (g(–3)) = f (0) = 7 (0)2 +0 – 8 = –8
n
\ fog (–3) = –8
g (9) = 92 + 4 = 85
æ x1 + x 2 + ... + x n ö Þ f (g(9)) = f (85) = 8.85 + 3= 683
=fç ÷
è n ø \ fog (9) = 683
f (0) = 7.02 + 0 – 8 = – 8
f - 1 (x1 ) + f - 1 (x 2 ) + ... + f - 1 (x n )
and Þ g (f (0)) = g (–8) = | –8 | = 8
n f (6) = 4.6 +5 = 29
æ x + x 2 + ... + x n ö Þ g (f (6)) = g (29) = (29)2 + 4 = 845
=fç 1 ÷ \ gof (6) = 845
è n ø
Relations & Functions-II 241
10. (a) Let x, y Î R such that x ³ – 1, y ³ – 1 14. (d) We have, R = {(a, b) : n / (a – b) : a, b Î Z}
Then, f (x) = f (y) Let z Î Z. \ a – a = 0 = n × 0 ie, n / (a – a)
Þ (x + 1)2 – 1 = (y + 1)2 – 1 \(a, a) Î R ie, R is reflexive.
Þ x2 + 2x = y2 + 2y Let (a, b) Î R. \ n / (a – b)
Þ n / – (a – b) Þ n / (b – a) Þ (b, a) Î R
Þ x2 – y2 = – 2(x – y) \ R is symmetric.
Þ (x – y) (x + y + 2) = 0 Let (a, b), (b, c) Î R. \ n / (a – b), n / (b – c)
Þ x – y = 0 or x + y + 2 = 0 Þ n / (a – b) + (b – c) Þ n / a – c Þ (a, c) Î R
Þ x = y or x = y = – 1 \R is transitive. \R is an equivalence
\ f is one-one. relation.
Also, f is onto as for all y ³ – 1, there exists 15. (d) Required number of one to one functions
= 6P4
x = - 1 + y + 1 ³ - 1 such that f (x) = y = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 360
\ f is invertible. 16. (d) R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
Let f (x) = y Þ (x + 1)2 – 1 = y R–1 = {(y, x) : (x, y) Î R}
= {(1, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3)} = R.
Þ x= -1 ± y + 1 Domain of R = {x : (x, y) Î R} = {1, 2,3}
Range of R = {y : (x, y) Î R} = {1, 2, 3}
But, x ³ – 1 17. (a) The smallest equivalence relation is the
\ x= -1 + y + 1 identity relation
R1 = {(a, a), (b, b), (c, c)
Þ f –1 (y) = - 1 + y + 1 Then two ordered pairs of two distinct elements
can be added to give three more equivalence
Hence, f –1 (x) = - 1 + x + 1 relations
R2 = {(a, a), (b, b), (c, c), (a, b), (b, a)}
11. (d) We have (a, b) R (a, b) for all (a, b) Î N × N Similarly R3 and R 4 . Finally the largest
As a + b = b + a. Hence, R is reflexive equivalence relation i.e, the universal relation
R is symmetric for we have (a, b) R (c, d) 18. (d) D (f) = R; D (g) = R – [– 1, 0)
Þ a+d=b+c Þ d+a=c+b \ D (f + g) = D (f) Ç D (g) = R Ç (R – [– 1, 0))
Þ c+b=d+a Þ (c, d) R(e, f) = R Ç [– 1, 0)
Then, by definition of R, we have é 1 1ù
a + d = b + c and c + f = d + e R (f) = ê - , ú ; R (g) = R – {0}
ë 2 2û
So, by addition, we get
a + d + c + f = b + c + d + c or a + f = b + e é 1 1ù
\R (f) Ç R (g) = ê - , ú Ç (R – {0})
Hence, (a, b) R (e, f) ë 2 2û
Thus, (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f) é 1 1ù
Þ (a, b) R (e, f) = ê - , ú – {0}
12. (b) We have, R = {(x, y) : y = x – 3, x = 11 or 12 ë 2 2û
19. (b) Let f : R ® R be a function defined by
or 13, y = 8 or 10 or 12} = {(11, 8), (13, 10)}
\ R–1 {(y, x) : (x, y) Î R} = {(8, 11), (10, 13)} x-m
f (x) =
13. (d) R = {(x, y) : x, y Î N and x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0} x-n
Now, x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0 Þ (x – y) (x – 3y) = 0 For any (x, y) Î R Let f (x) = f (y)
\ x = y or x = 3y
x-m y-m
\ R = {(1, 1), (3, 1), (2, 2), (6, 2), (3, 3), (9, 3),......} Þ = Þ x = y \ f is one – one
Since (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3),...... are present in the x-n y-n
relation, therefore R is reflexive. Let a Î R such that f (x) = a
Since (3, 1) is an element of R but (1, 3) is not the x-m
element of R, therefore R is not symmetric Þ a= Þ (x – n) a = x – m
x-n
Here (3, 1) Î R and (1, 1) Î R Þ (3, 1) Î R
(6, 2) Î R and (2, 2) Î R Þ (6, 2) Î R na - m
Þ x= . for a = 1, x Ï R So, f is not onto.
For all such (a, b) Î R and (b, c) Î R Þ (a, c) Î R a -1
Hence R is transitive.
 EBD_7588
242 Mathematics Objective MCQs
20. (d) The image of any given element in A can be 25. (d) Since sin (2x – 3) is a periodic function with
any one of the image of n element in B. period p, therefore f is not injective. Also, f is not
\ The m elements in A can be assigned images surjective as its range [–1, 1] is a proper subset
n × n.......×n (m times) = nm ways of its co-domain R.
\ Total mapping from A to B = n m 26. (c) Let f (x) ¹ 2 be true and f (y) = 2, f (z) ¹ 1 are
21. (a) 24 – xC3x – 1 is defined if, false
24 – x > 0, 3x - 1 ³ 0 and 24 - x ³ 3x - 1 Þ f (x) ¹ 2, f (y) ¹ 2, f (z) = 1
Þ f (x) = 3, f (y) = 3, f (z) = 1 but then function
1 25 1 25 is many one, similarly to other cases.
Þ x < 24, x ³ and x £ Þ £x£
40 – 6x
3
C8x – 10 is defined if
4 3 4 27. ( )
(d) f (2) = f 31/ 4 Þ many to one function

40 – 6x > 0, 8x - 10 ³ 0 and 40 - 6x ³ 8x - 10 and f (x) ¹ - 3 " x Î R Þ into function

20 5 25 28. (a) f ( x) is onto \ S = range of f (x)
Þ x< , x ³ and x £ Now f (x) =
3 4 7
5 25 æ pö
Þ £x£ sin x - 3 cos x + 1 = 2sin ç x - ÷ + 1
4 7 è 3ø
5 25 æ pö
From (1) and (2), we get £x£ Q -1 £ sin ç x - ÷ £ 1
4 7 è 3ø
But 24 – x Î N, \ x must be an integer, x = 2, 3. æ pö
Hence domain (f) = {2, 3}. -1 £ 2sin ç x - ÷ + 1 £ 3
22. (b) f (x) = 5 log5 x Þ f –1 (x) = 5x/5 è 3ø
a -b \ f ( x) Î[ -1, 3] = S
5a /5 f -1 ( a )
f –1 (a – b) = 5 5 = = 29. (c) Number of definitions = Number of
5b/5 f -1 (b) mapping from A to B = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27.
23. (a) We have, R = {(a, b) : 1 + ab > 0, ab Î R} 30. (d) We have fog (x) = f (g (x)) = sin (loge | x |).
Let a Î R, \ a2 ³ 0 or 1 + a2 > 0 or (a, a) Î R loge | x | has range R, for which
\ R is reflexive. sin (loge | x |) Î[– 1, 1].
Let (a, b) Î R. Þ 1 + ab > 0 Þ 1 + ba > 0
Therefore, R1 = {u: – 1 £ u £ 1}.
Þ (b, a) Î R \ R is symmetric.
Also, gof (x) = g (f (x)) = loge | sin x |.
æ 1ö æ1ö 5 Q 0 £ | sin x | £ 1 or – ¥ < loge | sin x | £ 0
ç 2, ÷ Î R because 1 + 2 ç ÷ = > 0 or R2 = {v: – ¥ < v £ 0}
è 3ø è3ø 3
31. (b) We observe the following properties :
æ1 ö 1 2
ç , - 1÷ Î R because 1 + (- 1) = > 0 Reflexivity : Let (a, b) be an arbitrary element of
è3 ø 3 3 N × N.
Now, (2, –1) Î R if 1 + 2 (–1) = –1 < 0, which is not Then, (a, b) Î N × N Þ a, b Î N
true. Þ ab (b + a) = ba (a + b) Þ (a, b) R (a, b)
\ R is not transitive. Thus, (a, b) R (a, b) for all (a, b) Î N × N.
24. (c) Let f (x) = ax + b (1)
So, R is reflexive on N × N.
Þ f (ax + b + x) = x + ax + b
Þ f ((a + 1) x + b) = (a + 1) x + b Symmetry : Let (a, b), (c, d) Î N × N be such that
Replace (a + 1) x + b by y, we have (a, b) R (c, d). Then, (a, b) R (c, d)
Þ ad (b + c) = bc (a + d)
æ y-bö Þ cb (d + a) = da (c + b) Þ (c, d) R (a, b)
Þ f (y) = (a + 1) ç ÷+b
è a +1ø Thus, (a, b) R (c, d) Þ (c, d) R (a, b) for all
(a, b), (c, d) Î N × N.
æx -bö
or f (x) = (a + 1) ç ÷+b So, R is symmetric on N × N.
è a +1 ø Transitivity : Let (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) Î N × N such
\ required no. of linear functions is 2. that (a, b) R (c,d) and (c, d) R (e, f).
Then, (a, b) R (c, d) Þ ad (b + c) = bc (a + d)
Relations & Functions-II 243

b+c a +d 1 1 1 1 36. (d) Let x1, x2 Î A and let f (x1) = f (x2)

Þ = Þ + = + ...(i)
bc ad b c a d x1 - 2 x 2 - 2
or =
and, (c, d) R (e, f) Þ cf(d + e) = de (c + f) x1 - 3 x 2 - 3
d+e c+f 1 1 1 1 or x1 = x2 So, f is one-one.
Þ = Þ + = + ...(ii)
de cf d e c f To find whether f is onto or not, first let us find
Adding (i) and (ii), we get the range of f.
æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö æ1 1 ö æ1 1ö x-2 3y - 2
ç + ÷ + ç + ÷ =ç + ÷ + ç + ÷ Let y = f (x) = or x =
èb cø èd eø èa dø èc f ø x -3 y -1
1 1 1 1 b+e a +f x is defined if y ¹ 1, i.e., the range of f is R – {1}
Þ + = + Þ =
b e a f be af which is also the co-domain of f.
Also, for no value of y, x can be 3, i.e., if we put 3
Þ af (b + e) = be (a , f ) Þ (a , b) R (e, f )
Thus, (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f) 3y - 2
= x= then 3y – 3 = 3y – 2 or –3 = –2
Þ (a, b) R (e, f) for all (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) Î N × N. y -1
So, R is transitive on N × N. which is not possible. Hence, f is onto.
Hence, R being reflexive, symmetric and 37. (b) Since, the given function has minimum
transitive, is an equivalence relation on N × N.
value 75 which is attained at x = 2 and maximum
32. (d) g (f (x)) = g (| x |) = [| x |];
value 89 which is attained at x = 3. Hence, the
f (g (x)) = f ([x]) = | [x] |
range of f is [75, 89].
When x ³ 0, [| x |] = [x] = | [x] |
\ f (g (x)) = g (f (x)) 38. (a) f (x) = f (–x) . So, f is many-one.
When x < 0, [x] £ x < 0 Þ | [x] | ³ | x | 5
\ | [x] | ³ | x | ³ [| x |] Also f(x) = 1 - 2
>1-5 = - 4
x +1
Þ f (g (x)) ³ g (f (x))
So, f is into
Thus g (f (x)) £ f (f (x)) for all x Î R
33. (b) We know that, if X and Y are any two 39. (b) The function f (x) = x2 + 2, x Î (– ¥ , ¥) is not
finite sets having m and n elements respec- injective as f (1) = f (– 1) but 1 ¹ – 1.
tively, where 1 £ n £ m, then the number of The function f (x) = (x – 4) (x – 5), x Î (– ¥, ¥) is
onto functions from X to Y is given by not one-one as f (4) = f (5), but 4 ¹ 5.
n
4x 2 + 3x - 5
å (-1) n -r n
C r r m . r =1 The function, f (x) =
4 + 3x - 5x 2
x Î (– ¥, ¥)
r =1

Thus, the number of surjective mappings is is also not injective as f (1) = f (– 1), but 1 ¹ – 1.
2 For the function, f (x) = | x + 2 |, x Î [– 2, ¥).
å ( -1)2-r Cr r n = ( 2n - 2) Let f (x) = f (y), x, y Î [– 2, ¥) Þ | x + 2 |
r =1 = | y+ 2 |
34. (a) The given function f (x) = 7 – x Px – 3 would be Þ x + 2 = y+ 2 Þ x = y
defined, if So, f is an injection.
(i) 7 – x > 0 Þ x < 7 40. (d)
(ii) x – 3 ³ 0 Þ x ³ 3
(iii) (x – 3) £ (7 – x) Þ 2x £ 10 Þ x £ 5
Þ x = 3, 4, 5,
Hence, range of f (x) = {4P0, 3P1, 2P2}
Range of f (x) = {1, 3, 2}
35. (a) Let y = 1 – 2–x or 2–x = 1 – y
or – x =log2 (1 – y) or f–1 (x) = g (x) Graphically, y = f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3), which
= – log2 (1 – x). is clearly many-one and onto.
 EBD_7588
244 Mathematics Objective MCQs

2 10 x - 10 - x 3y + 2 1
41. (b) If y = , 102x = 45. (a) g (x) = x2 + x – 2 and (gof) (x) = 2x2 – 5x + 2
x
3 10 + 10 - x 2 - 3y 2
Þ g (f (x)) = 4x2 – 10x + 4 Þ (f (x))2 + f (x) – 2
1 2 + 3y = 4x2 – 10x + 4
or x = log10 Þ (f (x))2 + f (x) – (4x2 – 10x + 6) = 0
2 2 - 3y

1 2 + 3x -1 ± 16x 2 - 40x + 25
\ f –1 (x) = log10 . Þ f (x) =
2 2 - 3x 2
42. (a) g(f(x)) = |sin x| indicates that possibly -1 ± (4x - 5)
f(x) = sinx, g(x) = |x| =
Assuming it correct, f(g(x)) = f(|x|) = sin |x|, which is 2
not correct. 4x - 6 - 4x + 4
= or = 2x - 3, or - 2x + 2
(
f (g ( x )) = sin x )2 indicates that possibly 2 2
Hence f (x) = 2x – 3.
or g( x ) = sin x , f ( x ) = x
2 46. (c) The total number of bijective functions from
a set A containing 106 elements to itself is (106)!
2
Then g(f (x )) = g(sin x) = sin x =| sin x | sin [x] p
(for the first combination), which is given. 47. (c) f (x) = Let [x] = n Î integer
x2 + x + 1
Hence f(x) = sin2x, g (x) = x \ sin [x] p = 0 or f (x) = 0
x Hence, f (x) is constant function.
43. (a) Q f (x) =
x -1 48. (b) fog (x) = f{g(x)} = f (3x + 2)
= 2 (3x + 2)2 = 18x2 + 24x + 8 \ c = 8
æ x ö 49. (b) Given f(x) = x–x2 + x3 – x4 + ....to ¥
\ (fo f) (x) = f {f (x)} = f ç ÷
è x -1 ø
x
x x Þy= (Infinite G.P.)
x +
1 x
x - 1 x -1 x -1
= = = = x. Þ y + xy = x Þ y = x (1 - y)
x x - x +1 1
-1
x -1 x -1 x -1 y
Þ x=
x 1- y
Þ (f o f o f )(x) = f (f o f )(x) = f (x) =
x -1 y x
Þ f -1 ( y) = Þ f 1 (x ) =
x 1- y 1- x
Þ (f o f o f .....o f ) (x) = f (f o f)(x) = f (x) =
144244 3 x -1 50. (c) Given, f (x) = ax + b, g (x) = cx + d
19 times
and f {g (x)} = g {f (x)}
44. (d)
Þ f (cx + d) = g (ax + b) Þ a (cx + d) + b = c
1
y= [cos( 2x + 2) + cos 2 - {1 + cos( 2 x + 2)}] (ax + b) + d
Þ acx + ad + b = cax + bc + d Þ ad + b = bc + d
2
Þ f (d) = g (b)
1
or y = - (1 - cos 2) = - sin 2 1 i.e. constant 51. (b) (f - ig)(z) = f (z ) - ig(z ) = sin z - i cos z
2
\ graph is a line parallel to x-axis. Also when = – i(cos z + isin z) = – i eiz = q (say)
Now (f + ig) * (f - ig)(z) = (f + ig)(f - ig)(z )
p æp ö
x= , y = –cos2 2
ç + 1÷ = –sin 1 and hence it
2 è2 ø = (f + ig )(q) = f (q) + ig (q) = sin q + i cos q
iz iz
-iq
æ p ö
passes through the point ç ,- sin 2 1÷ = i (cos q - i sin q) = ie = ie -i( -ie )
= ie
-e

è2 ø
Relations & Functions-II 245
52. (a) Let (a, b), (b, c) Î R È S. (ii) A Í B Þ B Í A
It is possible that (a, b) Î R – S and (b, c) Î S – R.
In such a case, we cannot say that \ ARB Þ BRA. So, R is not symmetric.
(a, c) Î R or (a, c) Î S. (iii) ARB and BRA Þ A Í B and B Í A Þ A = B.
\ (a, c) may not be in R È S. Thus, R is anti-symmetric.
\ R È S is not transitive. (iv) ARB and BRC Þ A Í B and B Í C
(b) Let (a, b), (b, c) Î R Ç S Þ A Í C ÞAR C
\(a, b), (b, c) ÎR and (a, b), (b, c) ÎS \ R is transitive relation.
\ (a, c) Î R and (a, c) Î S Thus, R is partially ordered relation but not an
\ (a, c) Î R Ç S \ R Ç S is transitive. equivalence relation.
(c) Let (a, b) Î R È S \ (a, b) Î R or (a, b) Î S 59. (c) We have gof (2) = g (f (2)) = g (3) = 7, gof (3)
Now, (a, b) Î R Þ (b, a) Î R ( Q R is symmetric) = g (f (3)) = g (4) = 7, gof (4) = g (f (4)) = g(5) = 11
(a, b) Î S Þ (b, a) Î S ( Q S is symmetic) and gof( 5) = g (5) = 11.
\ (b, a) Î R È S \ R È S is symmetric. 60. (d) For (fog) (x) to exists range of g Í domain
(d) Let a Î A. \ (a, a) Î R and (a, a) Î S.
of f.
\ (a, a) Î R Ç S. \ R Ç S is reflexive.
53. (a) Given that \ Domain of f Þ 3 | x | – x – 2 ³ 0
f (x) = 2x + sin x, xÎR Þ3 |x|– x³2
Þ f ' (x) = 2 + cos x 1
But – 1 £ cos x £ 1 When x ³ 0 Þ x ³ 1 When x < 0 Þ x < -
2
Þ 1 £ 2 + cos x £ 3
Þ 1 £ 2 + cos x £ 3 1
\ f ' (x) > 0, " x Î R \sin x ³ 1 and sin x < - for f {g (x)} to exists.
2
Þ f (x) is strictly increasing and hence one-one
Also as x ® ¥ , f (x) ® ¥ and x ® – ¥ , 1
ie., sin x = 1 and – 1 £ sin x < -
f (x) ® – ¥ 2
\ Range of f (x) = R = domain of f (x) Þ f (x) is
onto. p
\ x = (4m + 1) and
Thus, f (x) is one-one and onto. 2
54. (b) f (x) = 5 log5 x Þ f –1 (x) = 5x/5 7p 11 p
a -b 2np + £ x £ 2np +
5a /5 f -1 ( a ) 6 6
f –1 (a – b) = 5 5 = =
5b/5 f -1 (b) ie.,
55. (b) g (x) = f [f (x)] = f [|x – 2|] = f (x – 2) as x > 20 ì p ü ì 7p 11p ü
= |x – 2 – 2| = x – 4 \ g¢(x) = 1. í(4m + 1) : m Î I ý U í2np + £ x £ 2np + ý
î 2 þ n ÎI î 6 6 þ
56. (d) Given that, f (x) = [x] and g (x) = |x|
61. (a) (ho (gof)) (x) = h {g {f (x)}}
æ æ 8 öö æ 8 ö é8ù
Now, f ç g ç ÷ ÷ = g ç ÷ = ê ú = 1 = h {tan x2} = log {tan x2}
5
è è øø è 5 ø ë5û
p p
æ æ 8 öö æ é 8ù ö \At x = Þ(ho (gof)) (x) = log tan
and g ç f ç - ÷ ÷ = g ç ê - ú ÷ = g (– 2) = |– 2| = 2 4 4
è è 5 øø è ë 5û ø
= log 1 = 0
æ æ 8 öö æ æ 8 öö 62. (a) Let x < 0.
\ f ç g ç ÷ ÷ - g ç f ç - ÷ ÷ = 1 – 2 = – 1. \(gof) (x) = g (f (x)) = g (x3 + 1) = [(x3 + 1) – 1]1/3
è è 5 øø è è 5 øø
57. (d) Replacing x by g –1 (x), we get x = 2f (g–1 (x)) + 5 (Q x < 0 Þ x3 + 1 < 1)
= (x3)1/3 = x
x -5 Let x ³ 0.
\ f (g – 1 (x)) =
2 \(gof) (x) = g (f (x)) = g (x2 + 1) = ((x2 + 1) – 1)1/2
æ x - 5ö (Q x ³ 0 Þ x2 + 1 ³ 1)
\ g – 1 (x) = f –1 ç ÷ = (x ) = | x | = x
2 1/2
(Q x ³ 0)
è 2 ø
\ (gof) (x) = x " x Î R
58. (b) (i) A Í A ie, ARA, "A Î P(S)
\ R is reflexive.
 EBD_7588
246 Mathematics Objective MCQs
63. (a) Since, f (x) =
1 é5 ì æ 2p ö ü æ p öù
ì 2x + x, x ³ 0 ì 3x, x ³ 0 = ê - ícos 2x + cos ç 2x + ÷ ý + cos ç 2x + ÷ ú
=í 2 ë2 î è 3 øþ è 3 øû
í
î 2x - x, x < 0 î x, x < 0
1 é5 æ pö p æ p öù
ì ìx = ê - 2 cos ç 2 x + ÷ cos + cos ç 2x + ÷ú
1 ï 2x - x, x ³ 0 ï , x ³ 0 2 ë2 è 3 ø 3 è 3 øû
and g (x) = í = í3
3 ï 2x + x, x < 0 ï 5
î î x, x < 0 = for all x.
4
ì æxö æ5ö
ï3 ç ÷ , x ³ 0 æ5ö
gof (x) = g (f(x)) = g ç ÷ = 1 [ Q g ç ÷ = 1
\ f (g (x)) = í è 3 ø è 4ø
ï x, è 4ø
î x<0 (given)]
\ f (g (x)) = x, " x Î R \ h (x) = x Hence, gof(x) = 1, for all x.
Þ sin–1 (h (h (h ...(h (x)...))) = sin–1 x 67. (a) x Î R Þ x - x + 5 = 5 is an irrational
Thus, domain of sin–1 (h (h (h (h...h(x)...)))) is [–1, 1].
64. (b) We have, number.
\ (x, x) Î R \ R is reflexive.
R = {(a, b) : a + b Î Z, a, b Î Z È { 2}}.
( 5, 1) Î R because 5 -1+ 5
2 Î A and 2 + 2 = 2 2 Ï Z
= 2 5 - 1 which is an irrational number..
\ ( 2, 2) Ï R \ R is not reflexive.
\ (1, 5) Ï R. \ R is not symmetric.
Let (a, b) Î R \a+ bÎZ
Þ b + a Î Z Þ (b, a) Î R We have, ( 5, 1), (1, 2 5) Î R because
Þ R is symmetric.
Let (a, b), (b, c) Î R. \ a + b, b + c Î Z 5 - 1 + 5 = 2 5 - 1 if 1 - 2 5 + 5 = 1 - 5
\ None of a, b, c is equal to 2 are irrational numbers.
\ a, b, c Î Z \a+ cÎZ Also, ( 5, 2 5) Î R and 5 - 2 5 + 5 = 0,
Þ (a, c) Î RÞR is transitive. which is not an irrational number.
\R is not an equivalence relation.
\ ( 5, 2 5) Ï R \ R is not transitive.
ax + d
65. (c) f ( x ) =
cx + b ìf (x + 3), 1£ x + 3 £ 2
68. (d) (fog) (x) = í
æ ax + d ö
aç ÷+d î f ( - x + 1), - 1 £ - x + 2 £ 2
cx + b ø a 2 x + ad + cd x + bd
f (f ( x ) ) = è = ì f (x + 3), 1£ x + 3£ 2
æ ax + d ö cax + cd + bcx + b 2 ï
cç ÷+ b = í f (- x + 1), -1 £ - x + 1 £ 1
è cx + b ø
ï f (- x + 1), 1 £ - x + 1 £ 2
a 2 x + ad + cdx + bd î
f(f(x)) = x Þ =x
cax + cd + bcx + b 2 ì x + 1, - 2 £ x £ - 1
ï
2 2 2
Þ c(a + b) x - (a - b )x - (a + b) d = 0 = í - x - 1, -1 £ x £ 0
ï x - 1, 0£ x£2
Þ (a + b) (cx 2 - (a - b)x - d ) = 0 Þ a + b = 0 î
69. (b) f ' (x) = a + 3 cos x + 4 sin x
As cx 2 - (a - b)x - d ¹ 0 for all x f(x) is one-one if f'(x) > 0 for all x or f'(x) < 0 for all x.
66. (a) We have Now, -5 £ 3cos x - 4 sin x £ 5
So, f '(x) < 0 " x, if a < –5 and f'(x) > 0 " x, if a > 5
f ( x ) = sin 2 x + sin 2 ( x + p / 3) + cos x cos( x + p / 3)
\ a Î (-¥,-5) È (5, ¥)
1 - cos 2 x 1 - cos( 2x + 2 p / 3)
= + + 70. (c) Since f : (4, 6) ® (6, 8) Þ f (x ) = x + 2
2 2
1 \ f -1 (x ) = x - 2
{2 cos x cos( x + p / 3)}
2
 Inverse Trigonometric
18 Functions
1. The value of sin cot–1 tan cos–1x, is a
7. Let a, b, c > 0 and x = tan –1 (a + b + c) ,
1 bc
(a) x (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
x b
2. The domain of the function y = tan –1 (a + b + c) and
ca
ì æ 1 2 öü c
f (x) = sin–1 í log 2 çè 2 x ÷ø ý is z = tan –1 (a + b + c) , then
î þ ab
(a) [– 2, – 1) È [1, 2] (b) (– 2, – 1] È [1, 2] (a) S tan x tan y = 1 (b) S cot x cot y = 1
(c) [– 2, – 1] È [1, 2] (d) (– 2, – 1) È (1, 2) p
3. Simplified form of (c) Sx = (d) None of these
2
æp 1 aö æp 1 aö
tan ç + cos-1 ÷ + tan ç - cos -1 ÷ is 8. If cos -1 x + cos -1 y + cos-1 z = p, then
è4 2 bø è4 2 bø
2a 2b p (a) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + xyz = 0
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
b a 2 (b) x2 + y2 + z 2 + 2xyz = 0
4. If x Î [ p /2, p ] then
æ 1 + sin x + 1 – sin x ö (c) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + xyz = 1
cot –1 ç ÷=
ç 1 + sin x – 1 – sin x ÷ (d) x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xyz = 1
è ø
x–p p– x 9. If cos -1 l + cos -1 m + cos-1 g = 3p, then the
(a) (b)
2 2 value of lm + mg + gl is
3p – x (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 6
(c) (d) None of these
2
-1 -1 -1 æ x ö
é x + 1ö 10. If sin ( x - 1) + cos ( x - 3) + tan ç ÷
The limit lim x ê tan -1 æç -1 æ x ö ù è 2 - x2 ø
5. ÷ø - tan çè ÷
x®¥ ë è x + 2 x + 2 ø úû
= cos -1 k + p, then the value of k is
is equal to
1 1
(a) 2 (b) (a) 1 (b) -
2 2
1
(c) - (d) None of these 1
3 (c) (d) None of these
6. The sum to the n term of the series 2

cosec-1 10 + cosec-1 50 + cosec -1 170 + .... p

11. The equation tan–1(1 + x) + tan –1 (1– x) = is
is 2
+cosec-1 (n2 + 1)(n2 + 2n + 2) satisfied by
(a) x = 1 (b) x = –1
1
(a) tan–1 (n + 1) – p/4 (b) p/4 (c) x = 0 (d) x =
(c) tan–1 (n + 1) (d) 1 2
 EBD_7588
248 Mathematics Objective MCQs
12. What is sin [cot–1{cos(tan–1x)] where x > 0, equal
é 1ù
to? (a) [0, 1] (b) ê 0,
ë 2 úû
(x 2 + 1) (x 2 + 2)
(a) (b) é1 ù
(x 2 + 2) (x 2 + 1) (c) ê 2 , 1ú (d) {–1, 0, 1}
ë û
18. What is the value of
(x 2 + 1) (x 2 + 2)
(c) (d) tan (tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z) – cot (cot–1x + cot–1y
(x 2 + 2) (x 2 + 1) + cot–1z) ?
13. The range of the function (a) 0 (b) 2 (x + y + z)
f (x) = sin -1 (log[ x ]) + log(sin -1[ x]); (where [.] 3p 3p
(c) (d) +x+y+z
denotes the greatest integer function) is 2 2
19. If sin–1 a + sin–1b + sin–1c = p, then find the
value of
(a) R (b) [1, 2) a 1 - a2 + b 1 - b2 + c 1 - c 2 .
ì pü (a) abc (b) a + b + c
(c) ílog ý (d) {– sin 1}
î 2þ 1 1 1
´ ´
14. The solution set of the equation sin–1x = 2 tan–1x (c) a b c (d) 2abc
is 1 1 142
(a) {1, 2} (b) {–1, 2} 20. The value of 3 tan -1 + 2 tan -1 + sin -1
(c) {–1, 1, 0} (d) {1, 1/2, 0} 2 5 65 5
is
1 1 1
15. If sin -1 = sin -1 + sin -1 , then the value p p
x a b (a) (b)
of x is 4 2
(c) p (d) None of these
ab
(a) 21. The range of y = (cot -1 x)(cot -1 (- x)) is
a 2 - 1 + b2 - 1
p2 ù
ab (a) (0, ú (b) (0, p)
(b) 4 úû
2 2
a -1 - b -1
(c) (0, 2p] (d) (0, 1]
2ab
(c) n æ r - r -1 ö
2
a -1 + b -1 2 22. å sin -1 çç ÷÷ is equal to
(d) None of these
r =1 è r (r + 1) ø
2n p p
2n tan -1 ( n ) - tan -1 ( n + 1) -
16. If åcos-1 xi = 0 then å xi is (a)
4
(b)
4
i =1 i =1
(c) tan -1 ( n ) (d) tan -1 ( n + 1)
(a) n (b) 2n
n(n + 1) 23. What is the value of x that satisfies the equation
(c) (d) None of these
2 cos–1 x = 2 sin–1 x ?
17. The set of values of x for which the identity
1 1
-1 x 1 -1 æ ö p (a) (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) -
cos x + cos ç + 3 - 3 x 2 ÷ = holds 2 2
è2 2 ø 3
good is
Inverse Trigonometric Functions 249
24. If [sin–1 cos–1 sin –1 tan–1 x] = 1, where [.] denotes (a) [ 0, 1] (b) [ –1, 1]
the greatest integer function, then x belongs to (c) [1, 3] (d) None of these
the interval
32. Complete solution set of tan 2 (sin -1 x) > 1 is
(a) [tan sin cos 1, tan sin cos sin 1]
(b) (tan sin cos 1, tan sin cos sin 1) æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
(c) [–1, 1] (a) ç -1, - ÷ Èç , 1÷
(d) [sin cos tan 1, sin cos sin tan 1] è 2ø è 2 ø

-1 3p æ 1 1 ö
25. If cos p + cos -1 1 - p + cos -1 1 - q = (b) ç- , ÷ ~ {0}
4 è 2 2ø
then the value of q is equal to (c) (–1, 1) ~ {0}
1 1 1 (d) None of these
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 33. If sin–1 x = tan –1 y, what is the value of
2 3 2
26. Which of the following is the principal value 1 1
- ?
branch of cosec–1x? x 2
y2
æ -p p ö épù
(a) çè , ÷ (b) (0, p) – ê ú
2 2ø ë2û (a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2
é -p p ù é -p p ù 34. If ax + b (sec (tan–1 x)) = c and ay + b (sec.(tan–1 y))
(c) êë 2 , 2 úû (d) ê , ú - {0}
ë 2 2û x+ y
= c, then =
27. If sin–1x + sin–1y = p /2 and cos–1 x – cos–1 y = 0, 1 - xy
then values x and y are respectively ac 2ac
1 1 1 1 (a) (b)
(a) ,– (b) , a + c2
2 a -c
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 2ac a+c
(c) ,– (d) , (c) 2 2 (d)
2 2 2 2 a -c 1 - ac
æ1 ö æ ö
28. q = tan-1(2tan 2 q) - tan -1 ç tan q ÷ then tan q = ¥ 1
å tan çç ÷
–1
è3 ø 35. 2 ÷ = ............
r =1 è 1 + r + r ø
(a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 2/3 (d) 2
29. Total number of positive integral value 'n' so that p p 2p
(a) (b) (c) (d) None
np 2 2 4 3
the equations cos -1 x + (sin -1 y)2 = and 36. Let x Î (0, 1). The set of all x such that
4
sin–1x > cos–1x, is the interval:
p2
(sin -1 y )2 - cos-1 x = are consistent, is æ1 1 ö æ 1 ö
16 (a) ç , ÷ (b) ç ,1 ÷
è2 2ø è 2 ø
equal to
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2 æ 3ö
30. If u = cot -1 tan a - tan -1 tan a , then (c) (0, 1) (d) çç 0, 2 ÷÷
è ø
æp uö 37. The range of f ( x ) = sin -1 x + tan -1 x + sec -1 x
tan ç - ÷ is equal to
è4 2ø is
(a) tan a (b) cot a æ p 3p ö é p 3p ù
(c) tan a (d) cot a (a) ç , ÷ (b) ê4 , 4 ú
è4 4 ø ë û
31. The solution set of the equation
ì p 3p ü
tan -1 x - cot -1 x = cos-1 (2 - x ) will lie in the (c) í , ý (d) None of these
interval î4 4 þ
 EBD_7588
250 Mathematics Objective MCQs
38. If 0 < a < b < c, then 45. The + ve integral solution of
æ ab + 1ö æ bc + 1ö æ ca + 1ö y 3
cot -1 ç ÷ + cot -1 ç ÷ + cot -1 ç = tan -1 x + cos -1 = sin -1 is
è a-b ø è b-c ø è c - a ÷ø 2 10
1+ y
(a) 0 (b) p
(c) 2p (d) None of these (a) x =1, y = 2; x = 2, y = 7
39. The equation sin –1 (3x – 4x3) = 3 sin –1 (x) is true (b) x =1, y = 3; x = 2, y = 4
for all values of x lying in which one of the
following intervals? (c) x = 0, y = 0; x = 3, y = 4
(d) None of these
é 1 1ù é1 ù
(a) êë - 2 , 2 úû (b) êë 2 ,1úû 46. The complete solution set of
[cot -1 x ]2 - 6[cot -1 x ] + 9 £ 0, where [.] denotes
é 1ù
(c) ê -1, - ú (d) [ -1,1] the greatest integer function, is
ë 2û
40. Two angles of a triangle are cot –1 2 and cot–1 3. (a) (-¥, cot 3] (b) [cot 3, cot 2)
Then the third angle is (c) [cot 3, ¥) (d) None of these
p 3p p p
(a) (b) (c) (d) 47. Solving 2cos -1 x = sin -1 (2 x 1 - x 2 ) , we get
4 4 6 3
ìï 1 2x 1 1 - y 2 üï é 2 ù
41. tan í sin -1 + cos -1 ý= (a) xÎê ,1ú (b) x = 3
ïî 2 1+ x 2 2 1 + y 2 ïþ ë 2 û
(c) x Î [3, 4] (d) x = 0
x-y x+y
(a) (b) p
1 + xy 1 - xy 48. If tan–1 (2x) + tan–1 (3x) = then x is equal to
4
x-y 1 - xy (a) – 1 (b) –2 (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) (d)
x+y 1 + xy
-1 -1 p 1 + x4 + y 4
x p 49. If sin x + sin y = , then 2 is
42. If tan -1 < , x Î N , then the maximum value 2 x - x2 y 2 + y 2
p 3
of x is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 5 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 7 (d) None of these (c) 1/2 (d) None of these
50. What is the value of :
æ a2 a3 ö p
43. sin ç a - + + ....÷ + cos-1(1+ b + b2 + ....) =
-1
é ì æ 15p ö ü ù
ç 3 9 ÷ 2 cos ê tan -1 ítan ç
è ø ÷ ýú ?
when ë î è 4 ø þû
1 1
(a) a = –3 and b = 1 (b) a = 1 and b = - (a) - (b) 0
3 2
1 1 1
(c) a = and b = (d) None of these (c) (d) 1
6 2 2
44. The sum of the infinite series 2 2
cot–1 2 + cot–1 8 + cot–1 18 + cot–1 32 + .... is, 51. If the equation (sin–1x)3 + (cos–1x)3 = ap2 has no
real root then
1
(a) a > 0 (b) a<
p 32
(a) p (b)
2 (c) a < 3 (d) None of these
p
(c) (d) None of these
4
Inverse Trigonometric Functions 251
52. The value of 58. The value of cot -1 7 + cot -1 8 + cot -1 18 is
æ1 ö
tan-1ç tan 2A) + tan-1 (cot A) + tan-1(cot3 A) ÷ is p
è 2 ø (a) p (b)
2
(c) cot -1 5 (d) cot -1 3
p p p
–1 æ 1– b ö
2
(a) 0 if <A< (b) p, if 0 < A < æ 2a ö æ 2x ö
4 2 4 59. If sin –1 ç 2 ÷
– cos ç 2 ÷
= tan –1 ç 2 ÷
,
è 1+ a ø è 1+ b ø è 1– x ø
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
then what is the value of x?
-1 -1 y (a) a / b (b) ab
53. If cos x - cos = a , then a–b
2
(c) b / a (d)
1 + ab
4 x 2 - 4 xy cos a + y 2 is equal to
4
60. If sin–11 + sin –1 = sin–1x, then what is x equal
5
(a) 2 sin 2a (b) 4 to?
(c) 4 sin 2 a (d) – 4 sin 2 a (a) 3/5 (b) 4/5 (c) 1 (d) 0
54. The value of 1
61. Let – 1 £ x £ 1. If cos (sin -1 x) = , then how
ì æ 2
æ 2- öü
ï ç 3 ö÷ 12 ÷ï many value does tan (cos–1 x) assume?
sin-1 ícotçsin-1 ç + cos-1 + sec-1 2 ÷ý is
ç 4 ÷ (a) One (b) Two
ï çè è ø 4 ÷ï
øþ
î (c) Four (d) Infinite
p p p
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 62. If x2 + y2 + z2 = r2, then
4 6 2
xy yz xz
æ5ö tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 =
55. What is the value of sec2tan–1 ç ÷ ? zr xr yr
è 11 ø
(a) 121/96 (b) 211/921 p
(a) p (b)
(c) 146/121 (d) 267/121 2
(c) 0 (d) None of these
56. The sum of the infinite series
63. If sin -1 x + sin -1 y + sin -1 z = p , then
æ 1ö æ 2 –1ö æ 3 – 2ö
sin–1 ç ÷ + sin–1 ç + sin–1 ç + ...
è 2ø è 6 ÷ø è 12 ÷ø x4 + y4 + z4 + 4x2 y2 z2 = k ( x2 y 2 + y2 z2 + z2 x2 ).
where k =
æ n – ( n – 1) ö (a) 1 (b) 2
+... + sin –1 ç ÷ + ... is (c) 4 (d) None of these
è {n (n + 1)} ø
64. If a1 , a 2 , a 3 ,........a n is an A.P. with common
difference d; ( d > 0) then
é æ d ö æ d ö
p p p tan ê tan -1 çç ÷ + tan -1 ç
÷ ç
÷ + ...
÷
(a) (b) (c) (d) p êë è 1 + a 1a 2 ø è 1 + a 2a 3 ø
8 4 2
æ d öù
æ x2 x3 ö ...... + tan -1 çç ÷÷ú is equal to
57. If sin-1 çx - + - ... ÷÷ 1 + a
ç 2 4 è n -1a n øûú
è ø
(n - 1)d (n - 1)d
æ 2 x4 x6 ö p (a) (b)
+ cos-1 çx - + - ... ÷÷ = for 0 < |x| < 2, a1 + a n 1 + a 1a n
ç 2 4
è ø 2
then x equals nd a n - a1
(c) (d)
(a) 1/2 (b) 1 (c) -1/2 (d) -1 1 + a 1a n a n + a1
 EBD_7588
252 Mathematics Objective MCQs

65. { }
The formula sin –1 2 x (1 – x 2 ) = 2sin –1 x is true 68. In a triangle ABC, if A = tan–1 2 and B = tan –1 3,
then C is equal to
for all values of x lying in the interval
(a) [–1, 1] (b) [0, 1] p p
(a) (b)
(c) [–1, 0] (d) éë –1/ 2,1/ 2 ùû 3 4
p p
66. If k £ sin -1 x + cos -1 x + tan -1 x £ K, then (c) (d)
6 2
p
(a) k = – p, K = p (b) k = 0, K = æ -1 1 ö
2 69. If sin ç sin + cos -1 x ÷ = 1 , then what is x
è 5 ø
p 3p
(c) k=, K= (d) k = 0, K = p equal to?
4 4
67. The set of values of k for which 4 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
5 5
x 2 - kx + sin -1 (sin 4) > 0 for all real x is
70. The value of
æx 1 ö 1
cos -1 x + cos -1 ç + 3 - 3x 2 ÷ ; £ x £ 1 is
(a) f (b) (–2, 2) è2 2 ø 2
(c) R (d) (-¥, - 2) È (2, ¥)
p p 3 3
(a) - (b) (c) (d) -
3 3 p p

Answer KEYs
1 (a) 8 (d) 15 (a) 22 (c) 29 (a) 36 (b) 43 (b) 50 (c) 57 (b) 64 (b)
2 (c) 9 (c) 16 (b) 23 (a) 30 (a) 37 (c) 44 (c) 51 (b) 58 (d) 65 (d)
3 (c) 10 (c) 17 (c) 24 (a) 31 (c) 38 (c) 45 (a) 52 (c) 59 (d) 66 (c)
4 (b) 11 (c) 18 (a) 25 (d) 32 (a) 39 (d) 46 (a) 53 (c) 60 (a) 67 (a)
5 (b) 12 (a) 19 (d) 26 (d) 33 (a) 40 (b) 47 (a) 54 (a) 61 (b) 68 (b)
6 (a) 13 (c) 20 (c) 27 (d) 34 (c) 41 (b) 48 (a) 55 (c) 62 (b) 69 (d)
7 (b) 14 (c) 21 (a) 28 (a) 35 (b) 42 (b) 49 (b) 56 (c) 63 (b) 70 (b)
Inverse Trigonometric Functions 253

1. (a) Let cos -1 x = q Þ x = cos q or sec q =

1 2(cos 2 q + sin 2 q)
=
x (cos 2 q - sin 2 q)
1 1 2 2 2b
Þ tan q = sec 2 q - 1 = 2
-1 = 1 - x2 = = =
x |x| cos 2q a a
-1 -1 æ 1 ö b
Now, sin cot tan q = sin cot ç 1 - x2 ÷.
è| x | ø 1 + sin x = sin
x
+ cos
x
4. (b)
Again, putting x = sin q, we get 2 2
x x
æ 1 - sin 2 q ö 1- sin x = sin -cos
-1 æ
1 ö
sin cot ç 1 - x 2 ÷ = sin cot -1 ç ÷ 2 2
è| x | ø ç sin q ÷
è ø é p x p x xù
-1
êë for 4 £ 2 £ 2 sin 2 ³ cos 2 úû
= sin cot | cot q |= sin q = x.
2. (c) For f (x) to be defined, we must have \ the expression is

æ1 2ö 1 æ x x x xö
ç sin + cos + sin - cos ÷
– 1 £ log2 ç x ÷ £ 1 Þ 2–1 £ x2 £ 21 cot -1 ç2 2 2 2÷
è2 ø 2 ç sin x + cos x - sin x + cos x ÷
Þ 1 £ x2 £ 4 ......... (1) ç ÷
è 2 2 2 2ø
Now, 1 £ x2 Þ x2 – 1 ³ 0 i.e. (x – 1) ( x +1) ³ 0
Þ x £ – 1 or x ³ 1 .......... (2) æ xö æp xö p-x
= cot -1 ç tan ÷ = cot -1 cot ç - ÷ =
Also, x2 £ 4 Þ x2 – 4 £ 0 i.e. (x – 2) (x + 2) £ 0 è 2ø è2 2ø 2
Þ–2£ x£ 2 ........... (3)
Form (2) and (3), we get the domain of é æ x +1 ö -1 æ x öù
f = {(– ¥, – 1] È [1, ¥)} Ç [–2, 2] 5. (b) Lim x êtan -1 ç ÷ - tan ç ÷ú
x ®¥ ë è x + 2 ø è x + 2 øû
= [– 2, – 1] È [1, 2]
1 a æ x +1 x ö
3. (c) Let cos -1 = q ; then ç - ÷
2 b = Lim x tan x + 2
-1 çx + 2 ÷
x ®¥ ç 1+ x + 1 . x ÷
a a ç ÷
cos -1 = 2 q; Þ cos 2 q = then expression è x+2 x+2 ø
b b
æ x+2 ö
æp ö æp ö = Lim x tan -1 çç ÷÷
= tan ç + q ÷ + tan ç - q ÷ x ®¥ 2
è 2 x + 5x + 4 ø
è 4 ø è 4 ø
1 + tan q 1 - tan q æ æ x+2 öö
ç tan -1 çç ÷÷ ÷
= + ç 2
2 x + 5x + 4 ø ÷ x ( x + 2)
1 - tan q 1 + tan q = Lim x ç è
x+2 ÷´ 2
÷ 2 x + 5x + 4
x ®¥
ç
(1 + tan q) 2 + (1 - tan q) 2 ç 2 x 2 + 5x + 4 ÷
= è ø
(1 - tan q) (1 + tan q)
1 1
= 1´ =
2 + 2 tan 2 q 2(1 + tan 2 q) 2 2
= =
1 - tan 2 q 1 - tan 2 q 6. (a) Let q = cosec -1 (n2 + 1)(n 2 + 2n + 2)

Þ cosec2 q = (n2 + 1)(n2 + 2n + 2)

 EBD_7588
254 Mathematics Objective MCQs

= (n 2 + 1)2 + 2n(n2 + 1) + n2 + 1 p
11. (c) tan–1 (1 + x) + tan–1 (1 – x) =
= (n 2 + n + 1) 2 + 1 Þ cot 2 q = (n2 + n + 1)2 2

1 (n + 1) - n é (1 + x ) + (1 – x ) ù p
Þ tan q = = tan –1 ê ú=
n2 + n + 1 1 + (n + 1)n ë1 – (1 + x ) (1 – x ) û 2
é (n + 1) - n ù 1+ x +1– x p
Þ q = tan-1 ê -1 -1
ú = tan (n + 1) - tan n Þ = tan
ë1 + (n + 1)n û 1 – (1 + x ) (1 – x ) 2
Thus, sum n terms of the given series
2 1
= (tan -1 2 - tan -1 1) + (tan -1 3 - tan -1 2) Þ = Þ1 – (1 + x) (1 – x) = 0
1 – (1 + x ) (1 – x ) 0
+(tan-1 4 - tan -1 3) + .... + (tan -1 (n + 1) - tan -1 n) Þ (1 + x) (1 – x) = 1
1 – x2 = 1
Þ tan -1 (n + 1) - p / 4 x2 = 0
7. (b) x + y + z = p x= 0
8. (d) Given that
12. (a) Let a = tan–1 x Þ tan a = x
cos -1 ( x) + cos -1 ( y) + cos-1 ( z ) = p
1 1
then cos a = =
Þ cos-1 ( x) + cos-1 ( y ) + cos-1 ( z) = cos -1 (-1) 2
1 + tan a 1 + x2
-1 -1 -1
Þ cos ( x) + cos ( y) = p - cos ( z )
ì ü
Þ cos (tan–1 x)} = ïí 1 ïý
Þ cos-1 ( xy - 1 - x 2 1 - y 2 ) = cos-1 (- z ) 2
îï 1 + x þï
Þ xy - (1 - x 2 )(1 - y 2 ) = - z
ìï 1 üï
2 2 So, cot–1 cos(tan–1 x) = cot–1 í ý
Þ ( xy + z ) = (1 - x )(1 - y ) ïî 1 + x 2 þï
Squaring both sides, we get
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 xyz = 1. æ 1 ö
Let cot -1 ç ÷=b
9. (c) We know that 0 £ cos -1 x £ p. è 1+ x2 ø
Hence, from the question 1
cos -1 l = p, cos-1 m = p, cos -1 g = p
Þ cot b =
1 + x2
-1 -1 -1
[Q cos l + cos m + cos g = 3p is possible 1
only when each term attains its maximum.] and sin b =
1 + cot 2 b
Þ l = m = g = -1 Þ lm + mg + gl = 3.
10. (c) sin -1 ( x - 1) Þ -1 £ x - 1 £ 1 Þ 0 £ x £ 2 1+ x2 x2 +1
= =
cos -1 ( x - 3) Þ -1 £ x - 3 £ 1 Þ 2 £ x £ 4 x2 +1+1 x2 + 2
\x =2
x2 +1
-1 -1 -1 2 Þ sin [cot–1 {cos(tan–1)}] =
So, sin (2 - 1) + cos (2 - 3) + tan x2 + 2
2-4
-1 13. (c) sin–1 (log[x]) is defined if -1 £ log[ x ] £ 1
= cos k +p
and [ x] > 0
or sin -1 1 + cos -1 (-1) + tan -1 (-1) = cos -1 k + p
1
p p p Þ £ [ x ] £ e Þ [x] = 1, 2 Þ x Î [1, 3)
Þ + p - = cos -1 k + p Þ cos -1 k = or e
2 4 4
1 Again, log(sin -1[ x ]) is defined if
k=
2 sin -1[ x ] > 0 and -1 £[ x ] £ 1
Inverse Trigonometric Functions 255

Þ [ x ] > 0 and - 1 £ [ x] £ 1 Þ 0 < [ x] £ 1 Therefore, the equation is

Þ x Î[1, 2) 1 p 1
cos -1 x + cos -1 x - cos -1 = Þx= .
2 3 2
\ Domain of f ( x) = [1, 2)
For 1 £ x < 2, [x] = 1 1
Case 2 : If £ x £ 1, then
2
\ f ( x ) = sin -1 0 + log p = log p , "x Î [1, 2) æx 1 ö 1
2 2 cos -1 ç + 3 - 3x 2 ÷ = cos -1 - cos -1 x
pü è2 2 ø 2
\ Range of f ( x) = ì
ílog ý Therefore, the equation is
î 2þ
1 p
cos -1 x + cos -1- cos -1 x = ,
14. (c) sin -1 x = 2 tan -1 x 2 3
Þ sin -1 x = sin -1{2 x /(1 + x 2 )} which is an identity.
é1 ù
Þ 2 x /(1 + x 2 ) = x Hence, the identity holds good for x Î ê , 1ú .
ë2 û
Þ x( x + 1)( x - 1) = 0 Þ x = {-1, 1, 0} 18. (a) tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z)
1 1 – cot (cot–1 x + cot–1 y + cot–1 z)
15. (a) Let sin -1 = q; sin -1 = f then = tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z)
a b
æp p p ö
1 – cot ç - tan -1 x + - tan -1 y + - tan -1 z ÷
sin -1 =q+f è 2 2 2 ø
x
æ -1 -1 pö
Þ sin sin -1
1
= sin(q + f ) çQ tan x + cot x = ÷
x è 2ø
= tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z)
1 – cot{3p/2 – (tan –1 x + tan –1 y + tan–1 z)
Þ = sin q cos f + cos q sin f
x = tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z)
– tan (tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z) = 0
19. (d) Let sin–1 a = x \ a = sin x
1 1 1 1 b2 - 1 a2 - 1 sin–1 b = y \ b = sin y; sin–1 c = z
= 1- 2 + 1- 2 . = +
a b a b ab ab \ c = sin z

ab \ a 1 - a2 + b 1 - b2 + c 1 - c 2
Þx= = sin x cos x + sin y cosy + sin z cos z
a 2 - 1 + b2 - 1 = (1/2) (sin 2x + sin 2y + sin 2z) =(1/2) (4sin x sin y sin z)
= 2 sin x sin y sin z = = 2abc
(b) Since 0 £ cos- xi £ p, \ cos- xi = 0 for all i.
1 1
16.
2n 20. (c) We have,
\ xi = 1 for all i \ å xi = 2n
1 1 142
i=1
3 tan -1 + 2 tan -1 + sin -1
17. (c) Case 1 : 2 5 65 5
æ 1 1ö 1 142
1 -1 æ x 1 ö
3 - 3 x2 ÷ = 2 ç tan -1 + tan -1 ÷ + tan -1 + tan -1
If 0 £ x £ , then cos ç + è 2 5 ø 2 31
2 è2 2 ø
1 142
-1 æ
1 3ö +
cos ç x ´ + 1 - x 2 7 2 31
ç 2
÷
2 ÷ø = 2 tan -1 + p + tan -1
è 9 æ 1 öæ 142 ö
1 - ç ÷ç ÷
1 è 2 øè 31 ø
= cos -1 x - cos -1
2
 EBD_7588
256 Mathematics Objective MCQs

14 25. (d) Let cos–1 p + cos-1 1 - p

-1 9 315 3p
= tan + p - tan -1 + cos–1 1 - q = ...(i)
49 80 4
1-
81 -1 -1
Let a = cos p b = cos 1 - p and
-1 63 63
= p - tan + tan -1 = p
16 16 c = cos-1 1 - q
21. (a) y = (cot–1x) (cot–1(–x)) Þ cos a = p , cos b = 1 - p , cos c = 1 - q
= cot–1(x) (p – cot–1 (x))
Þ cos2 a = p, cos2 b = 1 – p, cos2 c = 1 – q
Now cot–1(x) and (p – cot–1(x)) > 0
Now, sin2 a = 1 – cos2 a = 1 – p
Using A.M. ³ G.M., we get
Þ sin a = 1- p ,
cot -1 x + (p - cot -1 x)
³ (cot -1 x)(p - cot -1 x) p
2 sin2 b = 1 – cos2 b = 1 – 1+ p Þ sin b =
Þ 0 < cot -1 ( x)(p - cot -1 ( x)) sin2 c = 1 – cos2 c = 1 – 1 + q = q Þ sin c = q
\ equation (i) can be written as
æ cot -1 x + (p - cot -1 x) ö p2
£ç ÷= 3p 3p
ç 2 ÷ 4 a+b+c= Þ a+b= -c
è ø 4 4
Take cos on each side, we get
p2
Þ0< y£ æ 3p ö
4 cos (a + b) = cos ç - c÷
è 4 ø
æ r - r -1 ö æ r - r -1 ö
sin-1 ç = tan-1 ç Þ cos a cos b – sin a sin b
22. (c) ç r(r +1) ÷÷ ç 1+ r (r -1) ÷÷
è ø è ø ì æ p öü æp ö
= cos í p - ç + c ÷ ý = - cos ç + c÷
= tan -1 -1
r - tan ( r - 1) î è 4 ø þ è4 ø
Put values of cos a, cos b and sin a, sin b, we get
n æ r - r -1 ö
Þ å sin -1 ç
ç r (r + 1) ÷÷ p . 1- p - 1- p p
r =1 è ø
æ 1 1 ö
n = -ç 1- q - q÷
= å (tan -1
r - tan -1
r - 1) = tan -1
n è 2 2 ø
r =1
23. (a) Given that cos–1 x = 2 sin–1x Þ 0 = 1 - q - q Þ 1- q = q
Squaring on both side: Þ 1 – q = q
p
Þ – sin–1 x = 2 sin–1 x 1
2 Þ 1 = 2q Þ q =
2
p p
Þ = 3 sin–1 x Þ sin–1 x = 26. (d) Principal value branch of cosec–1 x
2 6
é -p p ù
p 1 = ê , ú - {0}
So, x = sin = ë 2 2û
6 2
-1 -1 p
p 27. (d) Given, sin x + sin y =
24. (a) We have, 1 £ sin–1 cos–1 sin–1 tan–1 x£ 2
2
and cos -1 x - cos -1 y = 0
Þ sin 1 £ cos–1 sin–1 tan–1 x £ 1
Þ cos sin 1 ³ sin–1 tan–1x ³ cos 1 æp -1 ö æ p -1 ö
Þ sin cos sin 1 ³ tan–1 x ³ sin cos 1 Þ ç 2 - sin x ÷ - ç 2 - sin y ÷ = 0
Þ tan sin cos sin 1 ³ x ³ tan sin cos 1 è ø è ø
\ x Î [tan sin cos 1, tan sin cos sin 1] Þ sin -1 y - sin -1 x = 0 Þ sin -1 y = sin -1 x
Inverse Trigonometric Functions 257
From equations (i) and (ii) , we get
31. (c) tan -1 x and cot -1 x exist for all x Î R
p
2sin -1 x = cos-1 (2 - x ) exists if - 1 £ 2 - x £ 1 i.e 1 £ x £ 3
2
So, the given equation holds for 1 £ x £ 3
-1 p 1
Þ sin x = Þ x= 32. (a) tan 2 (sin -1 x) > 1
4 2
From equation (ii) p p p p
Þ < sin -1 x < or - < sin -1 x < -
1 4 2 2 4
y=
2 æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
Þ xÎç , 1÷ or x Î ç -1, - ÷
é 1 ù è 2 ø è 2ø
2 tan2 q - tan q ú
-1 ê 3
28. (a) q = tan ê ú æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
ê 1 + 2 tan3 q ú Þ x Î ç -1, - ÷Èç , 1÷
ë 3 û è 2ø è 2 ø
33. (a) Let, sin–1 x = tan – 1y = q
6 tan 2 q - tan q 6 tan q - 1 Þ x = sin q and y = tanq
Þ tan q = Þ1= or
3 + 2 tan 3 q 3 + 2 tan 3 q 1 1
= = cosec2 q
tan q = 0 x 2
sin 2 q
Þ 2 tan 3 q - 6 tan q + 4 = 0 1 1
2
and = = cot 2 q.
2 2
Þ (tan q - 1) (tan q + 2) = 0 y tan q
Þ tan q = 1; tan q = -2; tan q = 0. 1 1
Þ - = cosec 2 q - cot 2 q = 1
2
-1 2 4n + 1 2 x y2
29. (a) We have, 2(sin y ) = p
16
34. (c) Let tan -1 x = a and
2
4n + 1 2 p tan -1 y = b Þ tan a = x, tan b = y
Þ0£ p £
32 4 The given system of equations is
-1 4n - 1 2 1 7 a tan a + b sec a = c and a tan b + b sec b = c
Also, 2(cos x ) = p Þ- £n£
16 4 4 \ a and b are the roots of a tan q + b sec q = c
Þ (b sec q)2 = ( c - a tan q) 2
Also, 2(cos -1 4n - 1 2
x) = p
16 Þ (a 2 - b2 ) tan 2 q - 2ac tan q + c 2 - b2 = 0
4n - 1 2 1 8 1 2ac
Þ0£ p £ p Þ £ n £ + Þ n =1 Þ tan a + tan b = and
32 4 p 4 a - b2
2

30. (a) Let tan a = tan x, c2 - b2

tan a tan b =
then u = cot -1 (tan x ) - tan -1 (tan x) a2 - b2
p p 2ac c2 - b 2
= - x - x = - 2x Þ x+ y = and xy =
2 2 a 2 - b2 a 2 - b2
p p u
Þ 2x = -u Þ x = - a 2 - c2 x+ y 2ac
2 4 2 Þ 1 - xy = Þ =
a -b2 2 1 - xy a 2 - c 2
æp uö æp uö
Þ tan x = tan ç - ÷ Þ tan a = tan ç - ÷
è 4 2ø è 4 2ø
 EBD_7588
258 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 40. (b) The sum of the two given angles is

1 1 r ( r + 1) æ1ö æ1ö
35. (b) = = cot -1 (2) + cot -1 (3) = tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷
1 + r + r 2 1 + r (r + 1) 1 + 1 è2ø è 3ø
r ( r + 1)
p
1 1 = tan -1 (1) =
- 4
= r r +1
1æ 1 ö p 3p
1 + .ç ÷ So, the third angle is p -
=
r è r +1ø 4 4
41. (b) Put x = tan q and y = tan f
-1 æ ö
1 1 1
\ tan çç ÷ = tan -1 - tan -1 42. (b) We have,
2÷ r r +1
è 1+ r + r ø
x p æ xö p
¥ tan -1 < Þ tan ç tan -1 ÷ < tan
-1 æ
ö 1 p
\ å tan çç ÷ = tan -1 1 =
2÷ 4
p 3 è pø 3
r =1 è 1+ r + r ø
x
36. (b) Given sin–1 x > cos–1 x where x Î (0, 1) Þ < 3 Þ x < 3p = 5.5 ( approx.)
p
p p
Þ sin–1 x > - sin -1 x Þ 2 sin–1 x > \ the maximum value of x is 5.
2 2 43. (b) The given relation is possible when
-1 p p 1 a 2 a3
Þ sin x > Þ x > sin Þ x > a- + + ... = 1 + b + b 2 + ....
4 4 2 3 9
p
Maximum value of sin–1 x is a 2 a3
2 Also -1 £ a - + + .... £ 1 and
3 9
æ 1 ö
So, maximum value of x is 1. So, x Î ç , 1÷ . -1 £ 1 + b + b 2 + .... £ 1
è 2 ø
a 1
37. (c) f ( x) = sin -1 x + tan -1 x + sec -1 x; clearly,, =
Þ| b |< 1 Þ| a |< 3 and 1 + a 1- b
the domain of f(x) is x = ±1. Thus the range is 3
ì p 3p ü 3a 1
{f(1), f(–1)}, i.e., í , ý . Þ =
î4 4 þ a + 3 1- b
38. (c) Qa - b < 0 , so There are infinitely many solutions. But in the
given options, it is satisified only when
ab + 1
cot -1 = cot -1 b - cot -1 a + p 1
a-b a = 1 and b = - .
3
bc + 1 (c) Let S¥ = cot–12 + cot–1 8 + cot–1 18 +
b – c < 0, so cot -1 = cot -1 c - cot -1 b + p 44.
b-c cot–1 32 + ....
-1 ca + 1 1
c – a > 0, so cot = cot -1 a - cot -1 c \ Tn = cot–1 2n2 = tan
–1
c-a 2n 2
Adding we get
æ 2 ö æ (2 n + 1) – (2 n –1) ö
ab + 1 bc + 1 ca + 1 = tan –1 ç 2 ÷ = tan –1 ç
cot -1
+ cot -1 + cot -1 = 2p è 4n ø è 1 + (2 n + 1)(2 n – 1) ÷ø
a-b b-c c-a = tan–1 (2n + 1) – tan–1 (2n – 1)
39. (d) Let sin–1x = q Þ x = sin q
¥
sin –1(3 sin q – 4 sin3 q ) = sin–1 sin 3 q \ Sn = å {tan –1 (2 n + 1) – tan –1 (2n – 1)}
= 3 q = 3 sin–1x n =1
Equaion sin–1 (3x – 4x3) = 3 sin–1x is true for all p p p
values of x lying in the interval [–1, 1]. = tan–1 ¥ – tan–1 1 = – =
2 4 4
Inverse Trigonometric Functions 259
45. (a) Converting cos and sin into tan, we get,
1 + x4 + y 4 1 + ( x 2 + y 2 )2 - 2 x 2 y 2
æ1ö Þ =
æ 3ö x2 - x2 y 2 + y 2 1 - x2 y 2
tan -1 x + tan -1 çç ÷÷ = tan -1 ç ÷
y
è ø è1ø
1 + 1 - 2 x2 y 2
é x + (1 / y) ù = = 2.
Þ tan -1 ê -1
ú = tan 3 1 - x2 y 2
ë1 - x (1 / y ) û 50. (c) The given trigonometric expression is :
æ xy + 1 ö xy + 1 é ì æ 15p ö ü ù
Þ tan -1 çç ÷÷ = tan -1 3 Þ =3 cos ê tan -1 ítan ç ÷ ýú
è y - x ø y-x ë î è 4 ø þû
3y - 1 10 é -1 ì æ p ö üù
Þ x= = 3- \< 3 = cos ê tan í tan ç 4p - ÷ ý ú
y+3 y+3 ë î è 4 ø þû
So, for x = 1, y = 2 and for x = 2, y = 7
é -1 ì p üù é -1 æ -p ö ù
46. (a) [cot -1 x ]2 - 6[cot -1 x] + 9 £ 0 = cos êtan í- tan ýú = cos ê tan tan çè 4 ÷ø ú
ë î 4 þû ë û
Þ ([cot -1 x] - 3)2 £ 0 Þ [cot -1 x] = 3 -p -p
Since, tan – 1q is defined for <q<
Þ 3 £ cot -1 x < 4 Þ x Î (-¥, cot 3] 2 2
47. (a) x = cos y; where 0 £ y £ p, | x |£ 1 æ -p ö
= cos ç ÷
è 4 ø
2cos -1 x = sin -1 (2 x 1 - x 2 )
p 1
cos = [since cos (– q) = cos q]
Þ 2cos-1 (cos y) = sin -1 (2cos y × 1 - cos 2 y ) 4 2
Þ 2cos-1 (cos y) = sin -1 (2 cos y × sin y) 51. (b) (sin –1 x)3 + (cos –1 x)3

Þ 2cos -1 (cos y) = sin -1 (sin 2 y) p éæ p ö ù

2
= êç ÷ – 3sin -1 x cos –1 x ú
2 êè 2 ø úû
Þ sin -1 (sin 2 y ) = 2 y for -p / 4 £ y £ p / 4 ë

and 2cos-1 (cos y) = 2 y for 0 £ y £ p 3p é –1 p 2 p2 ù

= ê (sin x – ) + ú
Thus, Eq. (i) holds only when, 2 êë 4 48 úû

y Î [0, p / 4] Þ x Î [ 2 / 2, 1] p
p 52. (c) We know that cot A > 1 if 0 < A <
48.
-1 -1
(a) Given : tan (2 x ) + tan (3 x ) = 4
4 p p
(2 x + 3 x) and cot A < 1 if <A<
Þ tan -1 = tan–1 (1) 4 2
(1 - 2 x.3 x)
5x tan -1 (cot A) + tan -1 (cot 3 A)
Þ =1 Þ 6x2 + 5x – 1= 0
1 - 6 x2 cot A + cot 3 A
= p + tan -1 ,
1 1 - cot 4 A
Þ (6x – 1) (x + 1) = 0 Þ x = or - 1.
6 p cot A + cot 3 A
If 0 < A < and = tan -1 if
p p 4 1 - cot 4 A
49. (b) sin -1 x + sin -1 y = Þ sin -1 x = - sin -1 y
2 2 p p
<A<
-1 -1 2 2 2 4 2
Þ sin x = sin 1- y Þ x + y = 1
cot A + cot 3 A cot A cos ec 2 A. sin 4 A
Also, 4
=
1 - cot A sin 4 A - cos 4 A
 EBD_7588
260 Mathematics Objective MCQs

sin AcosA 22
= é æ -1 æ 5 ö ö ù æ5ö
2 2
(sin A + cos A)(sin A - cos A) 2 2 = 1 + ê tan ç tan ç ÷ ÷ ú = 1 + ç ÷
ë è è 11 ø ø û è 11 ø
sin 2A 1
=- = - tan 2A 25 146
2 cos 2 A 2 = 1+ =
121 121
Hence,
æ r – ( r – 1) ö
æ1 ö –1
tan -1 ç tan 2A ÷ + tan -1 (cot A) + tan -1 (cot 3 A) =p , 56. (c) Q Tr = sin ç ÷
è2 ø è r ( r + 1) ø

ì p æ r – ( r – 1) ö
ïp if 0 < A <
4 = tan –1 ç ÷
=í è 1 + r ( r – 1) ø
p p
ï0 if < A <
î 4 2 n æ r – ( r – 1) ö
-1 -1 S n = å tan –1 ç ÷
[Since, tan (- x ) = - tan x] r =1 è 1 + r ( r – 1) ø
-1 -1 y n
53. (c) cos x - cos =a = å {tan –1 r – tan –1 ( r – 1)}
2
r =1
æ æ ö
xy y2 ö = tan –1 n – tan –1 0 = tan –1 n – 0
cos - 1 ç + (1 - x 2 ) ç1 - ÷ ÷ = a
çè 2 è 4 ø ÷ø p
\ S ¥ = tan –1 ¥ =
2
æ xy + 4 - y 2 - 4 x 2 + x 2 y 2 ö æ x2 x3 ö
cos - 1 ç ÷ =a 57. (b) sin–1 çç x - + - ... ÷÷ +
çè 2 ÷ø è 2 4 ø
æ x4 x6 ö p
cos–1 çç x - - ... ÷÷ =
2
Þ 4 - y - 4x + x y
2 2 2 2 +
è 2 4 ø 2
= 4 cos 2 a + x 2 y 2 - 4 xy cos a x 2 x3
This is true only when x - + - …= x2 -
Þ 4 x 2 + y 2 - 4 xy cosa = 4sin 2 a . 2 4
54. (a) We have x 4 x6
+ ......
ì æ
ï ç æ 2- 3 ö öü 2 4
sin -1 ícot ç sin -1 ç ÷ + cos -1 12 + sec -1 2 ÷ïý
ç 4 ÷ ÷÷
ïî çè è ø 4
øïþ x2
x
Þ =
x x2
1+ 1+
ì æ
ç æ 3 -1ö
2 öü
÷
2 2
ï ÷ + cos -1 3 + cos -1 1 ÷ ïý
= sin -1 í cot ç sin -1 ç
ç 2 2 ÷
ï ç è ø 2 2 ÷ï x x2
î è øþ (Common ratios are - & - & |common
2 2
= sin -1{cot (15° + 30° + 45°)} = sin -1 (cot 90°) ratios | < 1, in the given interval)
= sin–1 0 = 0 2x 2x 2
= Þ x = 0 or x = 1 Þ x = 1,
2æ -1 æ 5 ö ö 2 + x 2 + x2
55. (c) Let sec ç tan ç ÷ ÷
è è 11 ø ø {x cannot be zero as 0 < |x| < 2 }.
-1 -1
58. (d) We have cot 7 + cot 8 + cot -1 18
2æ -1 æ 5 ö ö 2 2
= 1 + tan ç tan ç ÷ ÷ Q sec q - tan q = 1
è è 11 ø ø
( ) 1 1 1
tan -1 + tan -1 + tan -1
7 8 18
Inverse Trigonometric Functions 261

æ 1 1 ö
ç + ÷ 1
–1
61. (b) As given : cos sin x = ( ) 1
2
= tan -1 ç 7 8 ÷ + tan -1
1 1
çç 1 - ´ ÷÷ 18 æ1ö
è 7 8ø
Þ sin –1 x = cos –1 ç ÷
è2ø
15 1 æ 1 1 ö p 3
= tan -1 tan -1 çQ . < 1÷ Þ x = sin =
55 18 è 7 8 ø 3 2
æ 3 1 ö æ 3ö
ç 11 + 18 ÷ \ tan(cos –1 x) = tan ç cos –1 ÷
3 1 ç 2 ÷ø
tan -1 + tan -1 = tan -1 ç ÷ è
11 18 çç 1 - 3 ´ 1 ÷÷
è 11 18 ø æ pö 1
= tan ç ± ÷ = ± Hence, tan (cos–1x) have
è 6ø 3
æ 3 1 ö two values.
çQ . < 1÷
è 11 18 ø xy yz xz
62. (b) tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1
65 1 zr xr yr
= tan -1 = tan -1 = cot -1 3
195 3
59. (d) Given, é xy yz xz xyz ù
ê + + - 3 ú
–1 ê zr xr yr r ú p
= tan ê ú = tan -1 ¥ =
æ 2a ö æ 1- b ö
2
-1 æ 2 x ö æ 2 2 2 ö 2
sin -1 ç 2÷
- cos -1 ç
ç 2÷
÷ = tan ç 2÷
ê 1- x + y + z ú
è 1+ a ø ç ÷
è1+ b ø è1- x ø 2
êë è r ø úû
–1 –1 –1
\ 2tan a – 2tan b = 2 tan x 63. (b) We have, sin x + sin -1 y = p - sin -1 z
-1

Þ tan–1 a – tan–1 b = tan–1 x

or x (1 - y 2 ) + y (1 - x 2 ) = z
a -b ö
-1 æ -1
Þ tan ç 1 + ab ÷ = tan x x 2 (1 - y 2 ) = z 2 + y 2 (1 - x 2 ) - 2 yz (1 - x 2 )
è ø or
a -b or ( x 2 - z 2 - y 2 )2 = 4 y 2 z 2 (1 - x 2 )
Þ x=
1 + ab or x4 + y4 + z4 - 2x2 z2 + 2 y2 z2 - 2x2 y2
-1 -1 æ 4 ö -1
60. (a) Let sin (1) + sin ç ÷ = sin x +4x 2 y 2 z 2 -4 y 2 z 2 = 0
è ø
5
or x4 + y4 + z4 + 4x2 y2z2 = 2(x2 y2 + y2z2 + z2x2 )
Let sin–1(1) = q Þ sin q = 1 Þ cosq = 0 \ k=2
64. (b) We have,
-1 æ 4 ö æ4ö
and sin ç ÷ = f Þ sin f = ç ÷ æ d ö æ d ö
è ø
5 è5ø tan -1 çç ÷÷ + tan -1 ç ÷ + ...
ç ÷
è 1 + a1a 2 ø è 1 + a 2a 3 ø
16 9 3
Þ cos f = 1 - = =
25 25 5 æ d ö
+ tan -1 çç ÷
÷
\ sin –1x = q + f è 1 + a n -1a n ø
Þ x = sin(q + f) = sin q cos f + cosq sin f
æ a -a ö æ a -a ö
3 4 = tan -1 ç 2 1 ÷ + tan -1 ç 3 2 ÷ +¼
= 1´ + 0 ´ è 1+ a1a 2 ø è 1+ a 2a 3 ø
5 5
3 æ a -a ö
Þ x= + tan -1 ç n n-1 ÷
5 è 1+ a n-1a n ø
 EBD_7588
262 Mathematics Objective MCQs

( )(
= tan-1 a 2 - tan-1 a1 + tan-1 a 3 - tan-1 a 2 + .... ) Þ C = p – (A + B)
Now, A + B = tan–1 2 + tan–1 3
...(1)

(
+ tan -1 a n - tan -1 a n -1 ) -1 æ 2 + 3 ö
= p + tan ç ÷
æ a -a ö è 1 - 2.3 ø
= tan -1 a n - tan -1 a1 = tan -1 çç n 1 ÷÷
è 1 + a n a1 ø é -1 -1 -1 x + y ù
êQ tan x + tan y = p + tan 1 - xy ú
æ (n - 1) d ö ë û
= tan -1 çç ÷
÷
è 1 + a 1a n ø = p + tan -1 ( -1) = p - tan -1 ( -1)
é æ d ö æ d ö p 3p
\ tan ê tan -1çç ÷÷ + tan -1 ç ÷
ç 1 + a a ÷ + ..... =p - =
ëê è 1 + a1a 2 ø è 2 3ø 4 4
æ öù (n - 1)d 3p p
... + tan -1 çç
d
÷÷ú = \ from (1), C = p - = .
+ 4 4
è 1 a n -1a n øúû 1 + a 1a n
65. (d) sin–1 {2x(1 – x2)}= 2 sin–1 x is true é æ 1ö ù
69. (d) Let sin êsin -1 ç ÷ + cos -1 x ú = 1
ë è 5ø û
é 1 1 ù
"x Î ê - , ú
ë 2 2û æ 1ö
Þ sin -1 ç ÷ + cos -1 x = sin -1 1
66. (c) We have, è 5ø
p æ 1ö p
sin -1 x + cos -1 x + tan -1 x = + tan -1 x Þ sin -1 ç ÷ + cos -1 x =
2 è 5ø 2
Now sin -1 x and cos-1 x are defined only if p æ 1ö æ 1ö
Þ cos -1 x = - sin -1 ç ÷ = cos -1 ç ÷
-1 £ x £ 1 2 è 5ø è 5ø
p p p p 3p
So, - £ tan -1 x £ Þ £ + tan -1 x £ 1
4 4 4 2 4 Þx=
5
p 3p 70. (b) Let cos–1x = y
\k = and K =
4 4 1
Þ x = cos y , so that £ x £ 1 or 0 £ y £ p
p 3p 2 3
67. (a) Q < 4 < , so sin -1 sin 4
2 2 x 1 1 3
and + 3 - 3 x 2 = cos y + sin y
= sin -1 sin(p - 4) = p - 4 2 2 2 2
The inequality becomes x 2 - kx + p - 4 > 0 p p æp ö
= cos cos y + sin sin y = cos ç - y÷
2
The discriminant D = k - 4(p - 4) > 0 for all k, 3 3 è3 ø

that is x 2 - kx + (p - 4) > 0 can not hold for all x. æx 1 ö p

Þ cos-1 ç + 3 - 3x 2 ÷ = - y
68. (b) We have A = tan–1 2 Þ tan A = 2 è2 2 ø 3
and B = tan–1 3 Þ tan B = 3. \ the given expression is equal to
Since, A, B, C are angles of a triangle p p
\ A + B+ C=p y + - y, i.e.,
3 3
 19 Matrices
é -5 -8 0 ù é1 0 0 ù
1. The matrix A = êê 3 5 0 úú is 7. If A = êê0 1 0 úú and I is the unit matrix of
êë 1 2 -1úû êëa b -1úû
order 3, then A2 + 2A4 + 4A6 is equal to
(a) idempotent matrix (b) involutory matrix (a) 7A8 (b) 7A7 (c) 8I (d) 6I
(c) nilpotent matrix (d) None of these 8. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 × 3
2. If Ak = 0 ( A is nilpotent with index k), with each entry 0 or 1 is
(a) 18 (b) 512
(I – A)p = I + A + A2 + . . . + Ak – 1, thus p is, (c) 81 (d) None of these
(a) –1 (b) –2 9. If number of elements is 20 then how many
(c) ½ (d) None of these different types of matrices can be formed if
3. If C is skew-symmetric matrix of order n and X is number of rows is always even?
n × 1 column matrix, then X¢CX is a (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
(a) scalar matrix (b) unit matrix é1 2 ù éa 0ù
10. Let A = ê ú and B = ê ú where a, b are
(c) null matrix (d) None of these ë3 4û ë0 bû
natural numbers, then which one of the following
é1 3 2 ù is correct?
ê1 x - 1 1 ú (a) There exist more than one but finite number
4. The matrix A = ê ú will have of B’s such that AB = BA
êë 2 7 x - 3úû (b) There exists exactly one B such that AB = BA
inverse for every real number x except for (c) There exist infinitely many B’s such that
AB = BA
11 ± 5 9± 5 (d) There cannot exist any B such that AB = BA
(a) x = (b) x = 11. Elements of a matrix A of order 10 ×10 are defined
2 2
as aij = wi+j (where w is cube root of unity), then
11 ± 3 9± 3 tr (A) of the matrix is
(c) x = (d) x =
2 2 (a) 0 (b) 1
5. If A and B are two matrices such that AB = A and (c) 3 (d) None of these
BA = B, then which one of the following is 12. If B, C are square matrices of order n and ifA = B + C,
correct? BC = CB, C2 = 0, then for any positive integer N,
(a) (AT)2 = AT (b) (AT)2 = BT AN + 1 = BK[B + ( N + 1) C], then K/N is
T 2
(c) (A ) = (A ) –1 –1 (d) None of the above
6. If A1, A3, ......, A2n–1 are n skew-symmetric matri- (a) 1 (b) ½
ces of same order, (c) 2 (d) None of these
é 0 -1ù
n 13. If A = ê 16
ú , then A is equal to :
then B = å (2 r - 1) (A 2 r -1) 2r -1
will be ë1 0 û
r =1
é0 -1ù é0 1ù
(a) symmetric (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
(b) skew-symmetric ë 1 0 û ë1 0 û
(c) neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric é -1 0 ù é1 0 ù
(d) data is adequate (c) ê 0 1ú (d) ê0 1ú
ë û ë û
 EBD_7588
264 Mathematics Objective MCQs
14. Let
é –5 1ù é –5 –2ù
éx + y y ù é2ù é 3ù (a) ê –2 2ú (b) ê1 2ú
A=ê ú , B = ê -1ú and C = ê 2ú ë û ë û
ë 2 x x - y û ë û ë û
é –5 –2 ù é5 2ù
If AB = C, then what is A2 equal to? (c) ê2 1ú (d) ê ú
ë û ë –2 –1û
é 6 -10ù é -10 5 ù
(a) ê 4 26 ú (b) ê 4 24ú é5 6 1 ù
ë û ë û 21. Let A = ê 2 –1 5ú . Let there exist a matrix B
ë û
é -5 -6 ù é -5 -7 ù
(c) ê -4 -20 ú (d) ê ú é 35 49 ù
ë û ë -5 20 û such that AB = ê ú . What is B equal to?
ë 29 13 û
15. If A and B be two square matrices of order l
whose all the elements are essentially positive é5 1 4 ù é 2 6 3ù
integers then the minimum value of tr (AB2) is (a) ê 2 6 3ú (b) ê5 1 4 ú
ë û ë û
equal to
l2 é 5 2ù é 2 5ù
(a) l3 (b)
ê1 6ú ê 6 1ú
(c) 2l 2 (d) none of these (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
êë 4 3úû êë 3 4úû
16. Matrix A such that A2 = 2A – I, where I is the
identity matrix, then for n ³ 2, An is equal to
é1 0 ù
If A = éê
1 0ù
(a) 2n–1 A – (n – 1) I (b) 2n–1 A – I 22. ú and I = ê ú , then the value of
ë- 1 7û ë0 1 û
(c) n A – (n – 1) I (d) nA – I k so that A2 = 8A + kI is
(a) k = 7 (b) k = –7
é0 1 3ù é 1/2 -1 / 2 1 / 2ù (c) k = 0 (d) None of these
ê ú ê c úú ,
17. If A = 1 2 3 and A = ê - 4
–1 3
éa b ù éa b ù
ê ú 2
êë3 a 1úû êë5 / 2 - 3 / 2 1 / 2úû 23. If A = ê ú and A = ê b a ú , then
ë b a û ë û
then the value of a + c is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 0 (a) a = 2ab, b = a2 + b2
(c) 2 (d) none of these
18. Consider the matrices (b) a = a 2 + b2 , b = ab

é 4 6 -1ù é 2 4ù é 3ù (c) a = a 2 + b 2 , b = 2ab

ê 3 0 2 ú , B =ê 0 1 ú , C = ê1 ú
A= ê ú ê ú ê ú (d) a = a 2 + b2 , b = a 2 - b 2
ëê 1 -2 5 ûú ëê -1 2 ûú ëê 2ûú 24. Number of square sub-matrices of order 2 (sub-
Out of the given matrix products, which one is matrix is obtained by deleting appropriate number
not defined. of rows and columns in a given matrix) that can
(a) (AB)TC (b) CTC (AB)T
T
é 1 2 -1 4 ù
(c) C AB (d) ATABBTC ê ú
be formed from the matrix ê 2 4 3 5 ú is
19. If A = [aij]n × n be a diagonal matrix with diagonal
element all different and B = [bij]n × n be some ëê-1 -2 6 -7úû
another matrix. Let AB = [cij]n×n then cij is equal to (a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 18 (d) 212
25. If A is a square matrix such that (A – 2I) (A + I) = O,
(a) ajjbij (b) aii bij (c) aijb ij (d) aijb ji then A–1 =
20. If A is any 2 × 2 matrix such that A–I A+I
(a) (b)
é1 2ù é –1 0ù 2 2
ê 0 3ú A = ê 6 3ú , then what is A equal to? (c) 2 (A – I) (d) 2A + I
ë û ë û
Matrices 265

é1 1 1ù é1 2 ù 2
26. Let A = ê1 1 1ú be a square matrix of order 3. 32. If A = ê ú is a 2 × 2 matrix and f (x) = x – x + 2
êë1 1 1úû ë0 3û
is a polynomial, then what is f (A) ?
Then for any positive integer n, what is An equal
to ? é1 7 ù é2 6ù
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
(a) A (b) 3n A ë1 7 û ë0 8û
(c) (3 n – 1 )A (d) 3A é2 6ù é2 6ù
27. The element aij of square matrix is given by (c) ê0 6ú (d) ê0 7ú
ë û ë û
aij = (i + j) (i – j), then matrix A must be
(a) Skew-symmetric matrix é cos(p / 6) sin(p / 6) ù é1 1ù
33. If P = ê ú ,A = ê ú and
(b) Triangular matrix ë - sin(p / 6) cos(p / 6) û ë0 1û
(c) Symmetric matrix Q = PAP¢ then P¢Q2007 P is equal to
(d) Null matrix
28. If AB = O, then for the matrices
é é1 2007 ù é1 3 / 2ù
A = ê cos q
2
cos q sin qù and (a) ê0 (b) ê ú
ú ë 1 úû ë0 2007 û
êëcos q sin q sin 2 q úû
é 3 / 2 2007 ù é 3 / 2 -1/ 2ù
é cos 2 f cos f sin fù (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
B= ê ú , q – f is ë 0 1 û ë 1 2007 û
ëêcos f sin f sin 2 f ûú
æp qö
34. If A = ç ÷ , then
p è0 1ø
(a) an odd number of
2 æ 8 æ p8 - 1ö ö
(b) an odd multiple of p p q
A8 = çç ç p -1 ÷ ÷
è ø÷ . The value of k is
p
(c) an even multiple of çè 0 K ÷ø
2
(d) 0 (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) –1
é 2 2ù é1 1ù 100
29. If A = ê ú , then what is An equal to ? 35. If A = ê ú then A :
ë 2 2û ë1 1û
(a) 2100A (b) 299A
é 2n 2n ù é 2n 2n ù 101
ê ú (c) 2 A (d) None of the above
(a) (b) ê 2n 2n úû
êë 2 n 2n úû ë é -5 -8 0 ù
é 2 2n +1 22n +1 ù 36. If matrix A = êê 3 5 0 úú then find
é 22n -1 22n -1 ù
(c) ê ú (d) ê 2n +1 2n +1 ú êë 1 2 -1úû
êë 22n -1 22n -1 úû êë 2 2 úû
tr(A) + tr(A2) + tr(A3) + ... + tr(A100)
30. Let A and B be 3 × 3 matrices of real numbers, (a) 100 (b) 50
where A is symmetric, B is skew symmetric, and (c) 200 (d) None of these
(A + B) (A – B) = (A– B) (A + B). If (AB)t = (–1)k AB,
where (AB)t is the transpose of the matrix AB, æ 1 -1 1 ö
then k is 37. Let A = ç 2 1 -3÷ . and 10
(a) any integer (b) odd integer ç ÷
è1 1 1 ø
(c) even integer (d) cannot say anything æ 4 2 2ö
31. If A is a square matrix, then AAT is a B = ç -5 0 a ÷ . If B is the inverse of matrix A,
(a) skew-symmetric matrix ç ÷
(b) symmetric matrix è 1 -2 3 ø
(c) diagonal matrix then a is
(d) None of these (a) 5 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) –2
 EBD_7588
266 Mathematics Objective MCQs
38. If A and B are two matrices such that AB = B and 45. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same
BA = A, then A2 + B2 is equal to order and X = AB + BA and Y = AB – BA, then
(a) 2AB (b) 2BA (c) A + B (d) AB (XY)T is equal to
(a) XY (b) YX
é0 2b c ù
(c) –YX (d) None of these
39. The values of a, b, c if êêa b -c úú is orthogonal
êëa -b c úû é0 1ù
are 46. If A = ê ú , I is the unit matrix of order 2 and
1 1 1 ë0 0û
(a) a= ± ;b =± ;c =± a, b are arbitrary constants, then (aI + bA)2 is
2 6 3
equal to
1 1 1 (a) a2I + abA (b) a2I + 2abA
(b) a = ± ;b = ± ;c =±
2 3 6 (c) a2I + b2 A (d) None of these
47. If Bn – A = I
1 1 1
(c) a = ± ;b =± ;c =±
6 2 3 é26 26 18 ù é1 4 2ù
A = ê 25 37 17 ú , B = ê 3 5 1 ú
1 1 1 and ê ú ê ú,
(d) a = ± ;b = ± ;c =± êë52 39 50úû êë7 1 6úû
3 2 6
then n =
é3 4ù é 3 -4 ù (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
40. If B = ê ú and C = ê -2 3 ú and X = BC,
ë2 3û ë û 48. If A is symmetric as well as skew-symmetric matrix,
find Xn then A is
(a) 0 (b) I (a) Diagonal (b) Null
(c) 2I (d) None of these (c) Triangular (d) None of these
é 1 2 0ù é cos q sin q ù 1
If A = ê - sin q cos q ú then lim An is
Let A + 2B = êê 6 -3 3úú and
49.
41. ë û n®¥ n
êë -5 3 1 úû

é 2 -1 5 ù
(a) a null matrix (b) an identity matrix
2A – B = êê 2 -1 6úú , then tr (A) – tr (B) is
êë 0 1 2úû é 0 1ù
(c) ê -1 0 ú (d) None of these
ë û
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 0
50. Let A, B , C, D be (not necessarily square) real
é0 c - bù éa 2 ab ac ù matrices such that AT = BCD; BT = CDA;
ê ú ê 2 ú CT = DAB and DT =ABC for the matrix S =ABCD, S3 =
42. If A = ê- c 0 a ú and B = ê ab b bc ú ,
ê ac bc c 2 ú (a) I (b) S2 (c) S (d) O
êë b - a 0 úû
ëê ûú
then AB is equal to éa b ù
51. If A = ê ú such that A is a two – rowed
2
(a) B (b) A (c) O (d) I ë g dû
43. If the least number of zeroes in a lower triangular unit matrix, then d is equal to
matrix is 10, then what is the order of the matrix ? (a) a (b) b
(a) 3 × 3 (b) 4 × 4
(c) g (d) None of these
(c) 5 × 5 (d) 10 × 10
52. Which of the following is/are correct?
44. If a matrix A is such that
(a) B¢ AB is symmetric if A is symmetric
3A3 + 2A2 + 5A + I = 0,
(b) B¢ AB is skew-symmetric if A is symmetric
Then what is A–1 equal to?
(c) B¢ AB is symmetric if A is skew-symmetric
(a) – (3A2 + 2A + 5I) (b) 3A2 + 2A + 5I
(d) None of these
(c) 3A2 – 2A – 5I (d) (3A2 + 2A – 5I)
Matrices 267
53. If Z is an idempotent matrix, then (I + Z)n
(a) I + 2n Z (b) I + (2n – 1) Z é0 aù éa b ù
58. Let A = ê ú and (A + I)50 – 50A = ê ú,
(c) I – (2n – 1) Z (d) None of these ë0 0û ë c dû
54. If A and B are square matrices of size n × n such find abc + abd + bcd + acd
2 2
that A - B = ( A - B )( A + B ) , then which of (a) 0 (b) –1
the following will be always true? (c) 1 (d) None of these
(a) A = B
é2 0 7ù é- x 14x 7x ù é1 0 0ù
(b) AB = BA ê úê
59. If ê0 1 0ú ê 0 1 0 úú = êê0 1 0úú
(c) either of A or B is a zero matrix
(d) either of A or B is identity matrix êë1 -2 1úû êë x -4x -2x úû êë0 0 1úû
55. Consider the following in respect of the matrix then find the value of x
æ -1 1 ö 1
A =ç ÷: (a)
è 1 -1 ø 2
1. A2 = –A 1
2. A3 = 4A (b)
5
Which of the above is/are correct?
(c) No unique value of ‘x’
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) None of these
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
é1 – 1ù é 2 3ù
éa 0 ù é9 aù 60. A = ê
56. If A = ê ú and B = ê and A2 = B, then ú and B= ê –1 – 2 ú , then which of
ë 1 1û ëb c úû ë2 3û ë û
the value of a + b + c is the following is/are correct?
(a) 1 or –1 (b) 5 or –1 1. AB(A –1B–1 ) is a unit matrix.
(c) 5 or 1 (d) no real values
é 1 -2 ù 2. ( AB) –1
= A –1B–1
57. If X = ê ú , and I is a 2 × 2 identity matrix,
ë0 3 û Select the correct answer using the code given
then X2 – 2X + 3I equals to which one of the below:
following ? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) – I (b) –2X (c) 2X (d) 4X (c) Both 1 only 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer KEYs
1 (b) 7 (a) 13 (d) 19 (b) 25 (a) 31 (b) 37 (a) 43 (b) 49 (a) 55 (b)
2 (a) 8 (b) 14 (a) 20 (c) 26 (c) 32 (b) 38 (c) 44 (a) 50 (c) 56 (b)
3 (c) 9 (b) 15 (b) 21 (c) 27 (a) 33 (a) 39 (a) 45 (c) 51 (a) 57 (c)
4 (a) 10 (c) 16 (c) 22 (b) 28 (a) 34 (a) 40 (b) 46 (b) 52 (a) 58 (a)
5 (a) 11 (d) 17 (b) 23 (c) 29 (c) 35 (b) 41 (c) 47 (a) 53 (b) 59 (b)
6 (b) 12 (a) 18 (b) 24 (c) 30 (b) 36 (c) 42 (c) 48 (b) 54 (b) 60 (d)
 EBD_7588
268 Mathematics Objective MCQs

(BA)T = BT
é - 5 - 8 0 ù é - 5 -8 0 ù
Þ BT = AT. BT … (2)
1. (b) A = êê 3 5 0 úú êê 3 5 0 úú
2
Now, from equation (1) and (2). we have
êë 1 2 -1úû êë 1 2 -1úû AT = (AT. BT) AT
AT = AT (BT AT)
é 25 - 24 + 0 40 - 40 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 ù = AT (AB)T (Q (AB)T = BT = BTAT)
= êê -15 + 15 + 0 -24 + 25 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 úú = AT. AT
êë -5 + 6 - 1 -8 + 10 - 2 0 + 0 + 1úû Thus, AT = (AT)2
6. (b) B = A1 + 3A 33 + ..... (2n – 1) (A2n–1)2n–1
é 1 0 0ù
ê0 1 0ú BT = – [A1 + 3A 33 + ..... (2n – 1) (A2r–1)2r–1]
=ê ú =I
êë0 0 1úû = – B, so skew-symmetric
7. (a)
Hence, the matrix A is involutory.
2. (a) Let B = I + A + A2 + . . . + Ak – 1 é1 0 0 ù é1 0 0 ù é1 0 0ù
Now multiply both sides by ( I – A ), we get A = êê0 1 0 úú êê0 1 0 úú = êê0 1 0úú
2
B(I – A) = (I + A + A2 + . . . + Ak – 1) (I – A)
= I – A + A – A2 + A2 – A3 +. . . –Ak – 1 + Ak – 1– Ak êëa b -1úû êëa b -1úû êë0 0 1 úû
= I – Ak = I, since Ak = 0 Þ B = (I – A)–1 A2 = A4 = A6 = I3 Þ A2 + 2A4 + 4A6
Hence (I – A)–1 = I + A + A2 + . . . + Ak–1
Thus p = –1 é1 0 0ù é 2 0 0ù é 4 0 0ù
3. (c) Here, X is n × 1, C is n × n and X¢ is 1 × n ê ú ê ú ê ú
= ê 0 1 0ú + ê 0 2 0ú + ê 0 4 0ú
Hence, X¢CX is 1 × 1 matrix. Let X¢CX = k.
Then, (X¢CX)¢ = X¢C¢X¢ = X¢C¢X¢ = X¢(– C)X ëê 0 0 1ûú ëê 0 0 2ûú ëê 0 0 4ûú
= – X¢CX = – k é7 0 0 ù
Þ k = – k Þ k = 0 Þ X¢CX is null matrix. ê 0 7 0 ú = 7I = 7A8
=ê ú 3
4. (a) é1 3 2 ù ëê 0 0 7 ûú
A = ê1 x - 1 1 ú 8. (b) There are in total 9 entries and each entry
ê ú
êë 2 7 x - 3úû can be selected in exactly 2 ways. Hence, the
total number of all possible matrices of the given
|A| = 1[(x – 1)(x – 3) – 7] – 3[(x – 3) – 2] type is 29.
+ 2[7 – 2(x – 1)] 9. (b) Q 20 = 1 × 20 = 2 × 10 = 4 × 5 = 5 × 4
= x2 – 11x + 29
If inverse will not exist then |A| = 0 = 10 × 2 = 20 × 1
x2 – 11x + 29 = 0 Out of this number of rows is even so possible
cases are 2 × 10, 4 × 5, 10 × 2 and 20 × 1. So
11 ± 5 number of matrices are 4.
x=
2 é1 2 ù é a 0 ù é a 2b ù
10. (c) AB = ê úê ú=ê 4b úû
5. (a) Let A and B be two matrices such that AB
= A and BA = B ë3 4 û ë 0 b û ë3a
Now, consider AB = A é a 0 ù é1 2 ù é a 2 a ù
Take Transpose on both side and BA = ê úê ú=ê ú
ë 0 b û ë3 4 û ë3b 4b û
(AB)T = AT
If AB = BA
Þ AT= BT. AT ...(1)
Now, BA = B é a 2b ù é a 2a ù
Þ ê3a 4b ú = ê3b 4b ú Þ a = b
Take, Transpose on both side ë û ë û
Matrices 269
From the above it is clear that there exist infinitely l
many B’s such that AB = BA. 15. (b) tr(A) = å a ii ³ l (As aij ³ 1 v i, j)
11. (d) tr (A) = å aij = (a11 + a22 + a33 + ... + a10 ) i =1
i=j and tr (MN2) = {tr (M)}{tr (N)}2
= (w2 + w4 + w6 + ... + w20) = w2 (1 + w2+ w4 + ... + w18) 16. (c) Given A2 = 2A – I
= w2[(1 + w + w2) + ... + (1 + w + w2) + 1] = w2 × 1 = w2 Now A3 = A (A2) = A (2A – I)
12. (a) We have, BC = CB, and AN + 1 = (B + C) N + 1 = 2A2 – A = 2 (2A – I) – A = 3 A – 2I
= N+1C0 BN+1 + N+1C1 BNC + N+1C2BN–1C2 + A4 = A (A3) = A (3A – 2I)
. . . + N+1Cr B N+1–rCr + . . . . = 3A2 – 2A = 3 (2 A – I) – 2A = 4A – 3I
Following this, we can say An = nA – (n – 1) I
But given that C = 0 Þ C3 = C4 = .... = Cr = 0
2
17. (b) We have , I = AA–1
Hence, AN+1 = N+1CNBN+1 + N+1C1BNC
= BN+1 + ( N + 1) BNC = BN[ B + (N + 1) C] é0 1 2ù é 1 -1 1 ù
Thus K = N = 1 êê1 2 3úú êê- 8 6 2 cúú
2
êë3 a 1úû êë 5 - 3 1 úû
é0 -1ù
13. (d) We have A = ê ú
ë1 0 û
é 1 0 c + 1 ù é1 0 0ù
ê ú
æ 0 -1ö æ 0 -1ö æ -1 0ö =ê 0 1 2 ( c + 1 )ú = êê0 1 0úú
Now, A2 =A. A= ç = = –I
è 1 0÷ø çè 1 0÷ø çè 0 -1÷ø êë4 ( 1 - a ) 3 ( a - 1 ) 2 + a c úû êë0 0 1úû

æ 1 0ö Comparing the elements we get c + 1 = 0 Þ c = –1

where I = ç is identity matrix
è 0 1÷ø and a – 1 = 0 Þ a=1
(A2)8 = (– I)8 = I. Hence, A16 = I 18. (b) A ®3 × 3, B ® 3 × 2, C ® 3 × 1
AB ® 3 × 2 Þ (AB)T = 2 ×3 Þ (AB)TC is
éx + y y ù defined
14. (a) A = ê Þ CT ® 1 × 3, Þ CTC ® 1 ×1
ë 2x x – y úû Hence CTC (AB)T is not defined.Now, CTAB is
also defined.
é2ù é 3ù
B = ê ú and C = ê ú AT ® 3 × 3, BT ® 2 × 3; ATA ® 3 × 3
ë –1û ë 2û BBT ® 3 × 3 Þ AT ABBT ® 3× 3
Here AB = C Þ AT ABBTC is defined
éx + y y ù é 2 ù é 3ù n
\ ê 2x = cij = å aik bkj (In general)
ë x – y úû êë –1úû êë 2úû 19. (b)
k =1
é2 (x + y) –y ù é 3ù and in a diagonal matrix non-diagonal elements
Þ ê ú =ê ú
ë 4x –x + yû ë 2û ì 0, if i ¹ j
are zero ie, aij = í
2x + y = 3 ... (i) îaii , if i = j
3x + y = 2 ... (ii) So, cij = aii bij
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
x = –1 and y = 5 é1 2 ù
20. (c) Let ê ú=B
é4 5ù ë0 3 û
\ A= ê ú
ë –2 –6û é -1 0 ù
é4 5ù é4 5ù Then BA = ê 6 3 ú
Now, A2 = ê ë û
ú ê –2 –6úû
ë –2 –6û ë é -1 0 ù
Þ A = B–1 ê ú
é16 – 10 20 – 30 ù é 6 –10ù ë -6 3 û
= ê ú=ê ú
ë –8 + 12 –10 + 36 û ë 4 26 û | B | = 3,
 EBD_7588
270 Mathematics Objective MCQs

é 3 -2 ù 25. (a) (A – 2I) (A + I) = 0 Þ AA – A – 2I = 0

adj B = ê ú A-I
ë0 1 û æA-Iö \ = A -1
Þ Aç ÷=I
1 é3 - 2ù è 2 ø 2
B–1 = ê
3 ë0 1 úû é1 1 1ù
Þ A= 26. (c) Given matrix is A = ê1 1 1ú
êë1 1 1úû
1 é3 - 2 ù é - 1 0 ù 1 é- 3 - 12 - 6ù
ê =
3 ë0 3úû êë 6 3úû 3 êë 6 3 úû é1 1 1ù é1 1 1ù
So, A2 = ê1 1 1ú ê1 1 1ú
é - 5 - 2ù ëê1 1 1ûú êë1 1 1ûú
=ê ú
ë 2 1û é 3 3 3ù é1 1 1ù
= ê3 3 3ú = 3 ê1 1 1ú
é5 2ù ëê3 3 3úû ëê1 1 1ûú
é5 6 1ù ê1 6 ú
21. (c) A=ê ú and let B = ê ú
ë 2 - 1 5 û é1 1 1ù é1 1 1ù
êë4 3úû and A3 = 3 ê1 1 1ú ê1 1 1ú
é5 2 ù êë1 1 1úû êë1 1 1úû
é5 6 1ù ê ú
\ AB = ê ú ê1 6 ú
ë2 - 1 5û ê é 3 3 3ù é1 1 1ù
ë 4 3úû = 3 ê3 3 3ú = 9 ê1 1 1ú = 32 A
êë3 3 3úû êë1 1 1úû
é 25 + 6 + 4 10 + 36 + 3ù
=ê ú Similarly A = 3 A. Hence, An = 3n–1 A
4 3
ë10 - 1 + 20 4 - 6 + 15 û 27. (a) We have aji = (j + i) (j – i) = – (i + j) (i - j) = – aij
Hence, matrix is skew-symmetric.
é35 49ù
=ê ú 28. (a) We have,
ë 29 13 û
é cos 2 q cos q sin qù é cos 2 f cos f sin fù
22. (b) We have, AB = ê ú ê ú
é 1 0ù é 1 0 ù é 1 0ù ëêcos q sin q sin 2 q ûú ëêcos f sin f sin 2 f ûú
A2 = ê úê ú=ê
ë- 1 7û ë- 1 7û ë- 8 49úû écos 2 q cos 2 f + cos q cos f sin q sin f
é 1 0ù é1 0ù =ê 2 2
and 8A + kI = 8ê ú + kê ëê cos q sin q cos f + sin q cos f sin f
ë- 1 7û ë0 1 ûú
cos 2 q cos f sin f + cos q sin q sin 2 fù
é8 0 ù ék 0 ù é8 + k 0 ù ú
=ê ú + ê0 = cos q cos f sin q sin f + sin 2 q sin 2 f ûú
ë - 8 56 û ë k úû êë - 8 56 + k úû
Thus, écos q cos f cos q sin fù
= cos( q - f) ê ú
é1
A 2 = 8A + kI Þ ê
0 ù é8 + k 0 ù ë sin q cos f sin q sin f û
- 8 49 ú = ê - 8 56 + k ú
ë û ë û Since AB = 0, \ cos( q - f) = 0
Þ 1 = 8 + k and 56 + k = 49 Þ k = -7
p
éa b ù é a b ù é a b ù \ q - f is an odd multiple of
23. (c) A2 = ê ú=ê úê ú 2
ë b a û ëb a û ëb a û 29. (c) Given matrix is :
éa2 + b2 é2 2ù
2ab ù A=ê ú
=ê ú ; a = a 2 + b2 ; b = 2ab ë2 2û
êë 2ab a 2 + b 2 úû
é2 2ù é2 2 ù é4+4 4+4ù
24. (c) The desired number of sub-matrices A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú
= 4C2 × 3C2 = 18 ë2 2û ë2 2 û ë4+4 4+4û
Matrices 271

é 23 23 ù é1 - 1 + 2 8 - 2 + 0 ù
=ê ú =ê ú
êë 23 23 úû ë0 - 0 + 0 9 - 3 + 2 û
é 2 6ù
é8 8ù é2 2ù é 16 + 16 16 + 16 ù =ê ú
A3 = ê úê ú= ê 16 + 16 16 + 16 ú ë0 8 û
ë8 8û ë2 2û ë û 33. (a) Note that P¢ = P–1 Now, Q = PAP¢ = PAP–1
Þ Q2007 = PA2007 P–1
é 32 32 ù é 2 2 ù
5 5
\ P¢ Q2007 P = P–1 (PA2007 P–1) P
=ê ú = ê ú
= A 2007 = (I + B)2007
ë 32 32 û êë 25 25 ûú
é0 1ù
Going this way we get where B= ê ú.
ë0 0û
é 27 27 ù
A4 = ê ú As B2 = 0, we get Br = 0 " r ³ 2.
êë 27 27 úû Thus, by binomial theorem,

é 22n -1 é1 2007 ù
22n -1 ù A2007 = I + 2007 B = ê
Þ An = ê ú ë0 1 úû
êë 22n -1 22n -1 úû
æ p q ö æ p q ö æ p2 pq + q ö
34. (a) A2 = ç ÷ç ÷ = çç ÷
30. (b) (A + B) (A – B) = (A – B) (A + B) è0 1ø è0 1ø è 0 1 ÷ø
Þ AB = BA
as A is symmetric and B is skew-symmetric
æ p2 q ( p + 1) ö
= çç ÷
(AB)t = – AB è0 1 ÷ø
Þ k is an odd integer.
æ p q ö æ p2 pq + q ö
é1 - 1 1ù A3 = ç ÷ çç ÷
è0 1ø è 0 1 ÷ø
31. (b) Let A = ê2 1 0ú, then
ê ú
êë1 - 1 2úû æ p3 q(p 2 + p + 1) ö
= çç ÷÷
è0 1 ø
é1 2 1ù Similarly,
ê ú
A' = ê- 1 1 - 1ú æ p4 q(p3 + p 2 + p + 1) ö
êë 1 0 2 úû A4 = çç ÷÷ and so on.
è0 1 ø
é1 - 1 1ù é 1 2 1 ù é3 1 4ù æ æ p8 -1 ö ö
ê úê ú ê ú æ p8 q(p7 + p8 + ... +1) ö ç p8 q ç
\ AA' = ê2 1 0ú ê- 1 1 - 1ú = ê1 5 1 ú \ A = çç
8
÷ =ç ç p -1 ÷÷ ÷
÷ è ø÷
êë1 - 1 2úû êë 1 0 2 úû êë4 1 4úû è0 1 ø ç ÷
è 0 1 ø

(b) Given that, A = éê 0 3ùú

1 2
35. (b) Let A = éê1 1ùú
32. 1 1
ë û ë û
é1 2 + 6 ù é1 8 ù A2 = é1 1ù é1 1ù = 2 é1 1ù = 2A
A 2 = é 1 2 ù é1 2 ù = ê =
ëê0 3 úû ëê0 3 ûú ë0 9 úû êë0 9 úû ëê1 1ûú êë1 1ûú ëê1 1ûú
Since, f (x) = x2 – x + 2 A3 = 22 éê11 11ùú , A 4 = 23 éê11 11ùú
Putting A in place of x ë û ë û
f (A) = A2 – A + 2I A3 = 22 A,
é1 8 ù é1
=ê
2 ù é 2 0ù A4 = 23A \ A n = 2n -1 é1 1ù
ú-ê +
3úû êë0 2 úû ëê1 1úû
ë0 9û ë0
Þ A100 = 2100 -1 A \ A 100 = 299A
 EBD_7588
272 Mathematics Objective MCQs
36. (c) Consider 2b – c = 0
2 2
...(2)
a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 ...(3)
é - 5 - 8 0 ù é- 5 - 8 0 ù On solving (1), (2) and (3), we get
ê3 5 0 úú êê 3 5 0 úú
A2 = ê 1 1 1
a= ± ;b =± ;c =±
êë 1 2 -1úû êë 1 2 -1úû 2 6 3

é1 0 0ù é- 5 - 8 0 ù é 3 4ù é 3 -4 ù
40. (b) X = BC = ê úê ú
ê0 1 0ú ê 5 0 úú ë 2 3û ë -2 3 û
= ê ú = I So A3 = ê 3 and
êë0 0 1 úû êë 1 2 -1úû é1 0ù
so on tr(A) + tr(A2) tr(A3) +...+tr(A100) Þ X = BC = ê ú = I So Xn = In = I
ë0 1 û
= (–1) + (3) + (–1) + (3) +...+ (–1) + (3) = 200
41. (c) Here to find the value of tr (A) – tr (B), we
é 4 2 2ù need not to find the matrices A and B.
1 ê
37. (a) Here, Þ B = -5 0 a ú We can find tr (A) – tr (B) using the properties
10 ê ú of trace of matrix, ie.,
êë 1 -2 3 úû
é 1 2 0ù
Also since, B = A-1 Þ AB = I A + 2B = êê 6 -3 3úú Þ tr (A + 2B) = – 1 (1)
é1 -1 1 ù é 4 2 2 ù é1 0 0ù êë -5 3 1 úû
1 ê úê ú ê ú
Þ 2 1 -3ú ê-5 0 aú = ê0 1 0ú or tr (A) + 2tr (B) = – 1
10 ê
êë1 1 1 úû êë 1 -2 3 úû êë0 0 1úû é 2 -1 5ù
é10 0 5 - 2 ù é1 0 0ù Þ 2A – B = êê 2 -1 6úú
1 ê êë 0 1 2úû
Þ 0 10 -5 + a úú = êê0 1 0úú
10 ê Þ tr (2A – B) = 3 or 2tr (A) – tr (B) = 3(2)
êë 0 0 5 + a úû êë0 0 1 úû
Solving (1) and (2), we get tr (A) = 1 and tr (B) = – 1
5-a Þ tr (A) – tr (B) = 2
Þ =0Þa =5
10 c - bù éa 2 ab ac ù
é0
38. (c) We have, A2 + B2 = AA + BB = A(BA) + B (AB) ê úê ú
(\ AB = B and BA + A) 42. (c) AB = ê- c 0 a ú ê ab b 2 bc ú
= (AB) A + (BA) B êë b - a 0 úû ê ac bc c 2 ú
êë úû
= BA + AB = A + B (\ AB = B and BA = A)
é0 2b c ù é abc - abc b 2 c - b 2 c bc 2 - bc 2 ù
ê 2 ú
(a) Let A = êêa b -c úú .
2
39. AB = ê - a c + a c - abc + abc - ac + ac ú
ê a 2 b - a 2 b ab 2 - ab 2 abc - abc ú
ëêa -b c úû êë úû

é0 a aù é0 0 0ù
Now, A = ê 2b b -b úú
T ê
= êê0 0 0úú = O
ëê c -c c úû êë0 0 0úû
Q A is orthogonal
\ AAT = I 43. (b) Number of zeroes in a lower triangular matrix
é0 2b c ù é 0 a a ù é1 0 0 ù of order n × n is
Þ êêa b -c ú ê 2b b -b ú = ê 0 1 0 ú
úê ú ê ú n(n + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n =
êëa -b c ûú êë c -c c ûú êë 0 0 1 ûú 2
Equating the corresponding elements, we get Number of zeros = 10
4b2 + c2 = 1 ...(1)
Matrices 273

n(n + 1) 48. (b) Let A = [aij]n´ m. Since A is skew–symmetric

Þ = 10 aii = 0
2 (i = 1, 2, ......, n ) and aji = – aji (i ¹ j)
Þ n2 + n = 20 = 0 Also, A is symmetric so aji = aji " i and j
Þ (n + 5) (n – 4) = 0 \ aji = 0 " i ¹ j
Þ n = 4 or – 5 (– 5 is meaningless) Hence aij = 0 " i and j Þ A is a null zero matrix
Þ n = 4 . Þ order of the matrix is 4 × 4
44. (a) Let Abe a matrix such that 3A3 + 2A2 + 5A+ I = 0 é cos n θ sin n θ ù
49. (a) An = ê ú
Post multiply by A–1 on both the sides, we get ë - sin n θ cos n θ û
3A3 A–1 + 2A2A–1+5AA–1 + IA–1 = 0 é cos nq sin nq ù
Þ 3A2 + 2A + 5I+A–1 = 0 1 n ê n n ú
A =ê ú
Þ A–1 = – (3A2 + 2A + 5I) n ê - sin nq cos nq ú
45. (c) Given that X = AB + BA ëê n n ûú
Þ X = XT and Y = AB – BA Þ Y = – YT. But – 1 £ cos nq £ 1 and – 1 £ sin nq £ 1
Now (XY)T = YT XT = –YX sin nq cos nq
46. (b) (aI + bA)2 = a2I2 + b2A2 + 2ab AI lim = 0, lim =0
n ®¥ n n ®¥ n
= a2I2 + b2 A2 + 2abA
1 n é0 0ù
é0 0ù lim A =ê ú
But A 2 = ê ú \ (aI + bA) = a I + 2abA.
2 2 n ®¥ n ë0 0û
ë 0 0 û 50. (c) S = ABCD = A (BCD) = AAT ...(1)
47. (a) Q Bn – A = I \ Bn = I + A S3 = (ABCD) (ABCD) (ABCD)
= (ABC) (DAB) (CDA) (BCD)
é1 0 0 ù é 26 26 18 ù = DT CT BT AT
ê ú ê ú = (BCD)TAT = AAT ...(2)
B = ê 0 1 0 ú + ê 25 37 17 ú
n
From (1) and (2), S = S3
êë 0 0 1 úû êë52 39 50 úû
é1 0 ù é a b ù é a b ù
é 27 26 18 ù
51. (a) We have, ê ú=ê úê ú
ë0 1 û ë g d û ë g d û
Bn = ê 25 38 17 ú
ê ú éa ² + bg ab + bdù
êë 52 39 51úû =ê 2ú
ëê ag + dg bg + d ûú
n
é 1 4 2ù é 27 26 18 ù Þ a2 + bg = 1, b(a + d) = 0,
ê 3 5 1 ú = ê 25 38 17 ú g (a + d) = 0, bg+ d2 = 1
or ê ú ê ú ....... (i)
Þ b = 0 = g, a ¹ – d and a2 = d2 Þ d = a
ëê 7 1 6úû ëê 52 39 51ûú 52. (a) Let A be a symmetric matrix.
\ n ¹1 Then, A¢ = A
Now put n = 2, then Now, (B¢ AB)¢ = B¢ A¢ (B¢)¢. [Q(AB)¢ = B¢A¢]
2 = B¢ A¢ B [Q(B)¢ = B]
é 1 4 2ù é 1 4 2 ù é 1 4 2ù = B¢ AB [QA¢ = A]
2 ê 3 5 1 ú = ê 3 5 1 ú ê 3 5 1ú
B = ê ú ê úê ú Þ B¢ AB is a symmetric matrix.
ëê 7 1 6úû ëê 7 1 6ûú êë7 1 6ûú Now, let A be a skew-symmetric matrix.
Then, A¢ = – A
é 27 26 18 ù \ (B¢ AB)¢ = B¢ A¢ (B¢)¢ [Q(AB)¢ = B¢A¢]
= ê 25 38 17 ú = B¢ A¢ B [Q(B¢)¢ = B]
ê ú
ëê 52 39 51úû = B¢ (– A)B[QA¢ = – A]
Which is equal to R.H.S. of eq. (i). = – B¢ AB \ B¢ AB is a skew-symmetric matrix.
\ n=2
 EBD_7588
274 Mathematics Objective MCQs
53. (b) Z is idempotent then Z = Z Þ Z , Z , ...,
2 3 4
So, the given expression is :
Zn = Z é1 –8ù é1 –2ù é1 0ù
(I + Z)n = nC0In + nC1In–1 Z + nC2In –2Z 2+ ... + nCnZn X 4 – 2X + 3I = ê ú – 2ê ú +3ê ú
= nC0I + nC1Z + nC2Z + nC3Z + ... + nCnZ ë0 9 û ë0 3 û ë0 1 û
= I + (nC1+ nC2+ nC3+ ... + nCn) Z = I + (2n – 1) Z é1 –8 ù é –2 +4 ù é 3 0 ù
=ê ú+ê ú+ê ú
54. (b) A2 - B 2 = ( A - B )( A + B ) ë0 9 û ë 0 –6 û ë 0 3 û
é1 – 2 + 3 –8 + 4 ù
A2 - B 2 = A2 + AB - BA - B 2 Þ AB = BA =ê
ë 0 9 – 6 + 3úû
é -1 1 ù
55. (b) A=ê ú é 2 –4ù é1 –2ù
ë 1 -1û =ê ú = 2ê ú = 2X
ë0 6 û ë0 3 û
é -1 1 ù é -1 1 ù 58. (a) As A2 = 0, Ak = 0 " k ³ 2.
A. A = ê úê ú
ë 1 -1û ë 1 -1û Thus, (A + I)50 = I + 50A Þ (A + I)50 – 50A = I
\ a = 1, b = 0, c = 0, d = 1
é 2 -2 ù é -1 1 ù abc + abd + bcd + acd = 0
=ê ú = -2 ê ú
ë -2 2 û ë 1 -1û é2 0 7ù
2
A = –2A ê ú
59. (b) We have ê0 1 0ú
é -1 1 ù é -1 1 ù êë1 -2 1úû
A2 . A = -2 ê úê ú
ë 1 -1û ë 1 -1û
é- x 14x 7 x ù é5x 0 0 ù é1 0 0ù
é 2 -2 ù é -1 1 ù ê0 1 ú ê
= -2 ê ú = 4ê ú ê 0 ú =ê0 1 0 úú = êê0 1 0úú
ë -2 2 û ë 1 -1û êë x -4x -2xúû êë 0 10x - 2 5xúû êë0 0 1úû
A3 = 4A
Þ x = 1/5
Hence A2 ¹ - A, A3 = 4 A
56. (b) We have é1 -1ù é2 3ù
60. (d) Here, A = ê ú and B = ê ú
ë2 3 û ë -1 -2 û
éa 0ù éa 0ù é a2 0ù é9 a ù
A2 = ê ú ê ú = ê ú=ê ú | A |= 3 - (-2) = 5 and | B |= -4 - (-3) = -1
ë 1 1û ë 1 1û ëêa + 1 1ûú ëb c û
Þ we get a2 = 9 Þ a = ± 3 1 é 3 1ù é -2 -3ù
Þ A -1 = -1
ê -2 1ú and B = -1 ê 1
and a = 0, c = 1, b = a + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4 or b = – 3 + 1 = – 2 5ë û ë 2 úû
So a + b + c = (0 + 4 + 1) = 5 or (0 – 2 + 1) = –1
57. (c) Given matrix is : é3 5 ù -1 -1 1 é 5 7ù
AB = ê ú and A B = ê-5 8 ú
é1 –2 ù ë 1 0 û 5ë û
X =ê ú
ë0 3 û 1 é -10 -12 ù
Þ AB ( A-1 B -1 ) = ê ¹ 1.
é1 –2 ù é1 –2 ù 5ë 5 7 úû
\ X2 = ê úê ú
ë0 3 û ë0 3 û | AB |= 0 - 5 = -5
é1 –2 – 6ù é1 –8ù
=ê = -1 é 0 -5ù
9 úû êë0 9 úû \ ( AB) -1 = -1 -1
ë0 ê ú¹A B
5 ë -1 3 û
 20 Determinants
a 1 1
1. Consider the system of linear equations 5. If the value of the determinant 1 b 1 is
a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0,
1 1 c
a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d 2 = 0,
positive, where a ¹ b ¹ c, then the value of abc
a3 x + b3 y + c3 z + d3 = 0, (a) cannot be less than 1
Let us denote by D (a, b, c) the determinant (b) is greater than –8
(c) is less than –8
a1 b1 c1 (d) must be greater than 8
a2 b2 c 2 , if D (a, b, c) # 0, then the value 1 + sin 2 x cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
a3 b3 c3 2 2
6. If f (x) = sin x 1 + cos x 4 sin 2x
of x in the unique solution of the above equations is
sin 2 x 2
cos x 1 + 4 sin 2x
D (b , c , d ) -D (b, c, d )
(a) (b) What is the maximum value of f (x) ?
D ( a , b, c ) D ( a , b, c )
(a) 2 (b) 4
D (a, c, d ) D (a, b, d ) (c) 6 (d) 8
(c) (d) –
D (a, b, c ) D (a, b, c) 1 + x1y1 1 + x1y 2 1 + x1 y 3
2. For what value of p, is the system of equations : 7. Let D = 1 + x 2 y1 1 + x 2 y 2 1 + x 2 y3 , then value
p3x + (p + 1)3 y = (p + 2)3 1 + x 3 y1 1 + x 3 y 2 1 + x 3 y3
px + (p + 1) y = p + 2 of D is
x+y= 1
consistent ? (a) x1x 2 x 3 + y1y 2 y 3
(a) p = 0 (b) p = 1 (b) x1x 2 x 3 y1y 2 y3
(c) p = – 1 (d) For all p > 1
(c) x 2 x 3 y 2 y 3 + x 3 x1y3 y1 + x1x 2 y1y 2
3. If C = 2 cos q , then the value of the determinant
(d) 0
éC 1 0 ù é -1 2 5 ù
D = êê 1 C 1 úú is 8. The rank of the matrix êê 2 -4 a - 4 ú is
ú
êë 6 1 C úû ëê 1 -2 a + 1 ûú
2sin 2 2q
(a) (b) 8 cos3q – 4 cosq + 6
sin q
2sin 2q (a) 1 if a = 6 (b) 2 if a = 1
(c) (d) 8 cos3 q + 4 cosq + 6 (c) 3 if a = 2 (d) 1 if a = 4
sin q
2 2 2
4. If eiq = cos q + i sin q, then the value of 9. If a + b + c ¹ – 2 and
1 eip/3 eip/4 (1 + a 2 ) x (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
e-ip/3 1 ei2 p/3 is (1 + a 2 ) x (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
f (x) = ,
e-ip/4 e -i2 p/3 1 (1 + a 2 ) x (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
(a) -2 + 2 (b) 2 - 2 then f (x) is a polynomial of degree
(c) -2- 2 (d) 1 (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 2
 EBD_7588
276 Mathematics Objective MCQs
16. If [ ] denotes the greatest integer less than or
x2 + x 3x - 1 -x + 3 equal to the real number under consideration and
–1 < x < 0; 0 < y < 1; 1 < z < 2 , then the value of the
10. If 2x + 1 2 + x2 x3 - 3 determinant
x -3 x2 + 4 3x [ x] +1 [ y] [ z]
[ x ] [ y ] + 1 [ z ] is
= a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ... + a7x7, then the value of a0 is [ x] [ y ] [ z] + 1
(a) 25 (b) 24 (c) 23 (d) 21
11. If A is an orthogonal matrix of order 3 and B = (a) [z] (b) [y]
(c) [x] (d) None of these
é 1 2 3ù
ê -3 0 2ú , then which of the following is/are n n +1 n+2
ê ú 17. Let f ( x ) = n
Pn n +1
Pn +1 n+2
Pn + 2 , where
êë 2 5 0 úû
n n +1 n+2
correct ? Cn C n +1 C n +2
1. |AB| = ± 47 the symbols have their usual meanings. The f (x)
2. AB = BA is divisible by
Select the correct answer using the code given (a) n2 + n + 1 (b) (n + 1)!
below : (c) (2n + 1) ! (d) None of the above
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only x sin q cos q
(c) Both 1 and 2 18. The determinant - sin q -x 1 is
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 cos q 1 x
12. Let l and a be real. The set of all values of x for
which the system of linear equations independent of
l x + (sin a) y + (cos a) z = 0 (a) x only (b) q only
x + (cos a) y + (sin a) z = 0 (c) x and q both (d) None of these
– x + (sin a) – (cos a) z = 0 has a non-trivial é 1 - 2ù
19. If A–1 = ê , what is det (A) ?
solution, is
ë- 2 2 úû
(a) [0, 2 ] (b) [- 2, 0 ] (a) 2 (b) – 2
(c) [- 2 , 2 ] (d) None of these (c)
1
(d) -
1
13. For what values of k, does the system of linear 2 2
equation x + y + z = 2, 2x + y – z = 3, é 1 2 -1ù
3x + 2y + kz = 4
have a unique solution ? 20. If A = êê -1 1 2 úú , then det (adj (adj A)) is
(a) k = 0 (b) – 1 < k < 1 ëê 2 -1 1 úû
(c) – 2 < k < 2 (d) k ¹ 0 (a) (14)4 (b) (14)3 (c) (14)2 (d) (14)1
x 2 + 2 2x + 1 1 cos x x 1
14. Let x < 1, then value of 2x + 1 x + 2 1 is
21. If f (x) = 2sin x x 2
2x ,
3 3 1
tan x x 1
(a) Non-negative (b) Non-positive
é f ¢ (x) ù
(c) Negative (d) Positive then lim ê is
x ®0 ë x ú û
15. If [a] denotes the integral part of a and x = a3y + a2z,
y = a1z + a3z and z = a2x + a1y, where x, y, z are not (a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) 1 (d) – 1
all zero. If a1 = m – [m], m being a non-integral 22. The number of values of k for which the system
constant, then a1a2a3 is of equations (k + 1)x + 8y = 4k; kx + (k + 3) y
= 3k – 1 has infinitely many solutions is
(a) > 1 (b) > – 1 (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) < 1 (d) < – 1 (c) 2 (d) infinite
Determinants 277
23. If the system of linear equations (c) D' = D (1 + p + q + r)
x + 2ay + az = 0 ; x + 3by + bz = 0 ; (d) D' = D (1 + pqr)

x + 4cy + cz = 0 has a non - zero solution, then æ r r – 1ö

29. Matrix M r is defined as M r = çç ÷÷ ,
a, b, c. è r –1 r ø
(a) satisfy a + 2b + 3c = 0 (b) are in A.P r Î N. The value of det (M1) + det (M 2 ) +
(c) are in G..P (d) are in H.P. det (M3 ) + .... + det(M2014) is
24. For all values of A, B, C and P, Q, R the value of (a) 2013 (b) 2014
the determinant (c) (2013)2 (d) (2014)2
cos(A- P) cos(A- Q) cos(A- R) 30. If a ¹ b ¹ c are all positive, then the value of the
(x + a)3 cos(B - P) cos(B - Q) cos(B - R) is a b c
cos(C - P) cos(C - Q) cos(C - R) determinant b c a is
c a b
(a) 1 (b) 0 (a) non-negative (b) non-positive
(c) 2 (d) None of these (c) negative (d) positive
2
25. If f (x) = a + bx + cx and a, b, l are roots of the 31. If D is determinant of order 3 and D¢ is the
a b c determinant obtained by replacing the elements
of D by their cofactors, then which one of the
equation x3 = 1, then b c a is equal to following is correct?
c a b (a) D¢ = D2 (b) D¢ = D3
(a) f (a) + f (b) + f (l) (c) D¢ = 2D 2 (d) D¢ = 3D3
(b) f (a) f (b) + f (b) f (l) + f (g) + f (a)
é1 2 ù 2
(c) f (a) f (b) f (g) 32. If A = ê ú is a 2 × 2 matrix and f (x) = x – x + 2
ë 0 3 û
(d) – f (a) f (b) f (g)
26. In a third order determinant, each element of the is a polynomial, then what is f (A) ?
first column consists of sum of two terms, each é2 6ù
element of the second column consists of sum of é1 7 ù
(a) ê1 7 ú (b) ê0 8ú
three terms and each element of the third column ë û ë û
consists of sum of four terms. Then it can be
decomposed into n determinants, where n has é2 6ù é2 6ù
the value (c) ê0 6ú (d) ê ú
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 16 (d) 24
ë û ë0 7û
27. If A is a square matrix of order n, then adj (adj A) 33. If w is the cube root of unity, then what is one
is equal to root of the equation
(a) | A |n-1 A (b) | A | n A
x2 -2x -2w2
(c) | A | n-2 A (d) None of these 2 w -w = 0 ?
a1 b1 c1 0 w 1
28. Suppose D = a 2 b2 c 2 and (a) 1 (b) –2 (c) 2 (d) w
a3 b3 c3 34. The value of the determinant
a1 + pb1 b1 + qc1 c1 + ra1 cos 2 54º cos2 36° cot135°
a 2 + pb 2 b 2 + qc 2 c 2 + ra 2 2
sin 53° cot135° sin 2 37° is equal to
D' = a + pb b 3 + qc 3 c 3 + ra 3 . Then
3 3 2 2
cot135° cos 25° cos 65°
(a) D' = D
(b) D' = D (1 – pqr) (a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 1
 EBD_7588
278 Mathematics Objective MCQs

42. Let D =
xn xn +2 x 2n
sin x sin (x + h) sin (x + 2 h)
35. If 1 xa a = 0 " x Î R, where n Î N
sin (x + 2 h) sin x sin (x + h)
x n +5 xa +6 x2n +5
sin (x + h) sin (x + 2 h) sin x
then value of ‘a’ is æ Dö
(a) n (b) n – 1 Then, lim ç 2 ÷ is
h ®0 è h ø
(c) n + 1 (d) None of these
(a) 9 sin2x cos x (b) 3 cos2 x
36. If the system of equations lx1 + x2 + x3 = 1, 2
(c) sin x cos x (d) None of these
x1 + lx2 + x3 = 1, x1 + x2 + lx3 = 1 is consistent, 43. The value of determinant
then l can be
sin 2 13° sin 2 77° tan135°
(a) 5 (b) –2/3
(c) –3 (d) None of these sin 2 77° tan135° sin 2 13° is
37. The maximum and minimum value of (3 × 3) tan135° sin 2 13° sin 2 77°
determinant whose elements belongs to {0, 1} is
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
(a) 1, – 1 (b) 2, – 2
(c) 4, – 4 (d) None of these sin x cos x sin x
38. If f(x), g(x) and h(x) are three polynomials of degree dy
44. If y = cos x - sin x cos x , then is
dx
f ( x) g ( x) h( x) x 1 1
2 and D(x) = f '( x ) g '( x ) h '( x ) , then D(x) is a (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
f "( x ) g "( x ) h "( x )
45. If adj B = A, P = Q =1 , then adj (Q-1B P -1 ) is
polynomial of degree
(a) 2 (b) 3 (a) PQ (b) QAP (c) PAQ (d) PA–1Q
(c) at most 2 (d) at most 3 1
x n -1 cos x
39. If a , b, g Î R, then the determinant x+3
np ( -1)n n !
46. If f(x) = 0 cos then
(ei a + e- i a ) 2 (ei a - e - i a )2 4 2 3n +1
D = (ei b + e- i b ) 2 (ei b - e - i b ) 2 4 is a a3 a5
ig -i g 2 ig -i g 2
(e + e ) (e - e ) 4 dn
[f ( x )]x =0 =
(a) independent of a , b and g dx n
(a) 1 (b) –1
(b) dependent on a , b and g (c) 0 (d) None of these
(c) independent of a , b only 47. What is the value of the determinant
(d) independent of a , g only
1 bc a(b + c)
40. If A is a square matrix of order 3 with A ¹ 0 , then 1 ca b(c + a) ?
which one of the following is correct ? 1 ab c(a + b)
2
(a) adjA = A (b) adjA = A (a) 0 (b) abc
(c) ab + bc + ca (d) abc (a+b+c)
3 2 48. Let A = [aij] m × m be a matrix and C = [cij]m × m
(c) adjA = A (d) adjA = A
be another matrix where cij is the cofactor of aij.
41. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = I where I is
the identity matrix, then what is A–1 equal to? Then, what is the value of | AC | ?
(a) A + 1 (b) Null matrix (a) | A | m–1 (b) | A | m
(c) | A | m +1 (d) Zero
(c) A (d) Transpose of A
Determinants 279

57. If a, b, c, d > 0, x Î R and

p b c
(a2 + b2 + c2) x2 – 2 (ab + bc + cd) x + b2 + c2 + d2 £ 0.
49. If a ¹ p, b ¹ q, c ¹ r and a q c = 0 then the
a b r
33 14 log a
p q r
value of + + is equal to Then, 65 27 log b is equal to
p-a q -b r -c
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) – 2 (d) 2 97 40 log c
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
éa 0 0ù
é1 2 ù
50. If A = êê0 a 0úú , then the value of | adj A | is 58. If A ê ú , then the value of the determinant
êë0 0 a úû ë3 5û
| A2009 – 5A2008 | is
(a) a27 (b) a9 (c) a6 (d) a2
(a) – 6 (b) – 5 (c) – 4 (d) 4
51. Let Sk = a k + b k + g k , then
10 10 11
C4 C5 Cm
S0 S1 S2 11 11 12
59. The value of C6 C7 C m + 2 = 0, when
D = S1 S2 S3 is equal to
12 12 13
S2 S3 S4 C8 C9 Cm +4
(a) S6 (b) S5 – S3 m is equal to
(c) S6 – S4 (d) None (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 1
r -1 n 6 60. If a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 are respectively the pth, qth,
2 2
rth terms of G.P., then the value of the determinant
52. If D r = (r - 1) 2n 4n - 2 ,
log a p 1
(r - 1)2 3n 3 3n 2 - 3n
n log b q 1 is
then å Dr is.
log c r 1
r =1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) –1
53. Consider the following statements: (a) 0 (b) 1
1. If det A= 0, then det ( adj A) = 0 (c) –1 (d) None of these
2. If A is non- singular, then det(A–1) = (det A)–1 61. If x, y, z are complex numbers, and
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
0 -y -z
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
54. If | An× n | = 3 and | adj A | = 243, what is the value D= y 0 - x then D is
of n ? z x 0
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 7 (a) purely real (b) purely imaginary
55. Let A be an n × n matrix. If det (lA) = ls det (A), (c) complex (d) 0
what is the value of s? 62. Let Aand B be two matrices of order n × n. Let A
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) n be non-singular and B be singular. Consider the
following:
a -x e x log e a x2 1. AB is singular
56. If g(x) = a -3x e3x log e a x 4 , then 2. AB is non-singular
3. A–1B is singular
a -5x e5 x loge a 1 4. A–1B is non singular
Which of the above is/ are correct?
(a) g (x) + g (– x) = 0 (b) g (x) – g (– x) = 0
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 only
(c) g (x) × g (– x) = 0 (d) None of these (c) 1 only (d) 3 only
 EBD_7588
280 Mathematics Objective MCQs
63. Suppose the system of equations 68. If w is a complex cube root of unity, then value of
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2 a1 + b1w a1w2 + b1 c1 + b1w
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3
has a unique solution (x0, y0, z0). If x0 = 0, then D = a 2 + b2 w a 2 w + b22
c 2 + b2 w is
which one of the following is correct ?
a 3 + b3 w a 3 w2 + b3 c 3 + b3 w
a1 b1 c1
(a) a2 b2 c2 = 0 (a) 0 (b) – 1
a3 b3 c3 (c) 2 (d) None of these
1
d1 b1 c1
69. If a r= (cos 2 r p + i sin 2rp) 9 ,then the value
d2 b2 c2 = 0
(b)
d3 b3 c3 a1 a2 a3
d1 a1 c1 of a 4 a5 a 6 is
(c) d2 a2 c2 = 0 a7 a8 a9
d3 a3 c3
(a) 1 (b) – 1
d1 a1 b1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
d 2 a 2 b2 = 0
(d) a cot A / 2 l
d 3 a 3 b3
70. If b cot B / 2 m = 0 , where a, b, c, A, B, and
64. If |A| = 8, where A is square matrix of order 3, then
what is |adj A| equal to? c cotC/ 2 g

(a) 16 (b) 24 (c) 64 (d) 512 C are elements of a triangle ABC with usual meaning.
Then, the value of a
65. If a1, a2, a3, ................. are positive numbers in
G.P. then the value of (m – g) + b (g – l) + c (l – m) = 0 is
(a) 0 (b) abc
log an log an +1 log an +2
(c) ab + bc + ca (d) 2abc
log an +1 log an+ 2 log an +3
71. The determinant
log an+ 2 log an +3 log an +4
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 0 a +b+c a+b a
66. If l2r + m2r + n 2r = 1; r = 1, 2, 3 and 4a + 3b + 2c 3a + 2b 2a
l r ls + m r ms + n r n s = 0; r ¹ s, r = 1, 2, 3; s = 1, 2, 3, 10a + 6b + 3c 6a + 3b 3a

l1 m1 n1 is independent of which one of the following?

then the value of l2 m2 n2 is (a) a and b (b) b and c
l3 m3 n3 (c) a and c (d) All of these
72. If a, b, c are in GP, then what is the value of
(a) 0 (b) ± 1
(c) 2 (d) None of these a b a+b
67. The equations 2x + 3y + 4 = 0; 3x + 4y + 6 = 0 and b c b+c ?
4x + 5y + 8 = 0 are
a+b b+c 0
(a) consistent with unique solution
(b) inconsistent (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) consistent with infinitely many solutions
(c) – 1 (d) None of these
(d) None of the above
Determinants 281
73. If A1 B1 C1, A2 B2 C2 and A3 B3 C3 are three digit 77. If the matrix B is the adjoint of the square matrix A
numbers, each of which is divisible by k, then and a is the value of the determinant of A, then
A1 B1 C1 what is AB equal to ?
D = A 2 B2 C2 is æ1ö
A 3 B3 C3 (a) a (b) ç ÷ I
èaø
(a) divisible by k (b) divisible by k2
(c) divisible by k3 (d) None of these (c) I (d) aI

é3 2 ù
2- x e x loge 2 x2 78. If A = ê ú , then what is A (adj A) equal to ?
ë1 4 û
74. If f (x) = 2-3x e3x loge 2 x 4 , then
5 x log e 2
2-5x e 1 é 0 10 ù é10 0 ù
(a) f (x) + f (– x) = 0 (b) f (x) – f (– x) = 0 (a) ê10 0 ú (b) ê 0 10 ú
ë û ë û
(c) f (x) + f (– x) = 2 (d) None of these
1 sin A sin 2 A é 1 10 ù é10 1 ù
75. If in a triangle ABC, 1 sin B sin 2 B = 0 then the (c) ê10 1 ú (d) ê 1 10 ú
ë û ë û
1 sin C sin 2 C
triangle is 2a 3r x a r x
(a) equilateral or isosceles
(b) equilateral or right-angled 79. A = 4b 6s 2y = l b s y , then what is
(c) right angled or isosceles -2c -3t - z c t z
(d) None of these
76. If A, B, and C are the angles of a triangle and the value of l ?
1 1 1 (a) 12 (b) –12 (c) 7 (d) –7
1 + sinA 1 + sin B 1 + sin C = 0, 80. Given a = x/(y – z),b = y/(z – x) and c = z/(x – y),
where x, y and z are not all zero, Then the value of
sin A + sin 2 A sin B + sin 2 B sin C + sin 2 C
ab + bc + ca
then the triangle must be (a) 0 (b) 1
(a) Isosceles (b) Equilateral (c) – 1 (d) None of these
(c) Right-angled (d) None of these

Answer KEYs
1 (a) 9 (d) 17 (a) 25 (d) 33 (b) 41 (c) 49 (d) 57 (d) 65 (d) 73 (a)
2 (c) 10 (d) 18 (b) 26 (d) 34 (c) 42 (b) 50 (c) 58 (a) 66 (b) 74 (a)
3 (b) 11 (c) 19 (d) 27 (c) 35 (c) 43 (b) 51 (d) 59 (b) 67 (a) 75 (a)
4 (c) 12 (c) 20 (a) 28 (d) 36 (d) 44 (a) 52 (a) 60 (a) 68 (a) 76 (a)
5 (b) 13 (d) 21 (b) 29 (d) 37 (b) 45 (c) 53 (c) 61 (b) 69 (c) 77 (d)
6 (c) 14 (c) 22 (b) 30 (c) 38 (c) 46 (c) 54 (c) 62 (b) 70 (a) 78 (b)
7 (d) 15 (b) 23 (d) 31 (a) 39 (a) 47 (a) 55 (d) 63 (b) 71 (b) 79 (b)
8 (b) 16 (a) 24 (b) 32 (b) 40 (b) 48 (c) 56 (a) 64 (c) 72 (a) 80 (c)
 EBD_7588
282 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1. (a) From the given system of equations, 3. (b) Given that,

éC 1 0 ù
D1 D D D = êê 1 C 1 úú = C (C2 – 1) – 1 (C – 6)
x= , y= 2, z= 3
D D D êë 6 1 C úû
where, D = D (a, b, c); D1 = D (d, b, c) Þ D = 2 cos q (4 cos2 q – 1) – (2 cos q – 6)
D2 = D (a, d, c); D1 = D (a, b, d) (Q C = 2 cos q given)
D(d , b, c ) = 8 cos3 q – 4 cos q + 6
Now, x = 4. (c) Expanding by Sarrus rule,
D(a, b, c)
1 eip/3 eip/4
- d1 b1 c1
e-ip/3 1 ei2 p/3 = 1 + eip/3 × ei2p/3 × e–ip/4 +
where, D (d, b, c) = - d 2 b2 c2
e-ip/4 e -i2 p/3 1
-d3 b3 c3 –ip/3 –i2p/3
e ×e× e–ip/4 – (ei2p/4 × e–ip/4 + e–ip/3 ×
e–ip/3 + e–ip/3 × e–i2p/3)
b1 - d1 c1 b1 c1 -d1 =1+ei 3p/4
+e–i3p/4
– (1 + 1 + 1)
= - b2 -d2 c2 = + b2 c2 -d 2
= – 2 + 2 cos (3p/4) = – 2 – 2
b3 -d3 c3 b3 c3 -d 3
a 1 1
D(b, c, d ) 1 b 1 >0
= D(b, c, d ) Hence, x = 5. (b)
D (a, b, c) 1 1 c
2. (c) The given system of equations are : Þ a(bc – 1) – 1(c – 1) + 1(1 – b) > 0
p3x + (p +1)3 y = (p +2)3 ...(1) Þ abc – a – c + 1 + 1 – b > 0
px + (p +1)y = (p +2) ....(2) Þ abc + 2 – (a + b + c) > 0
x+y= 1 ....(3) Þ abc > (a + b + c) – 2
Let; a = –1; b = 0 & c = 1
This system is consistent, if values of x and y Then; 0 > –2 [which is correct]
from first two equation satisfy the third equation. Hence, abc = 0 Þ abc > – 8
p3 (p + 1)3 (p + 2)3 1 + sin 2 x cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
2 2
which Þ p (p + 1) (p + 2) = 0 6. (c) f (x) = sin x 1 + cos x 4 sin 2x
2 2
1 1 1 sin x cos x 1 + 4 sin 2x
Applying C1 ® C1 + C2
p 3
(p + 1) - p3 3
(p + 2) - p3 3 2 cos 2 q 4 sin 2x
2
Þ p 1 2 =0 = 2 1 + cos q 4 sin 2x
2
1 0 0 1 cos q 1 + 4 sin 2x
(Applying R2 ® R2 – R1 and R3 ® R3 – R1 )
Þ 2 (p + 1)3 – 2p3 – (p + 2)3 + p3 = 0
Þ 2 (p3 +1 + 3p2 + 3p) – 2p3 – (p3 + 8 + 12p 2 cos 2 q 4sin 2x
+ 6p2) + p3 = 0 = 0 1 0
3 2 3 3
-1 0 1
Þ 2p + 2 + 6p + 6p – 2p – p – 8 – 12p
– 6p2 + p3 = 0 f (x) = 2 + 4 sin 2x
Þ – 6 – 6p = 0 Þ p = – 1 \ – 1 £ sin 2x £ 1, maximum value of sin 2x = 1
Thus, maximum value of f (x) = 2 + 4 = 6
Determinants 283

7. (d) We can write D = D1 + y1D 2 , where

0 x -1 0
1 1 + x1 y2 1 + x1 y3 0 1- x x -1
D1 = 1 1 + x2 y2 1 + x2 y3 and f(x) =
1 1 + x3 y2 1 + x3 y3 1 (1 + b2 ) x 1 + c 2 x

x1 1 + x1 y2 1 + x1 y3 Applying R1 ® R1 - R 2 , R 2 ® R 2 - R 3
D 2 = x2 1 + x2 y2 1 + x2 y3 f (x) = (x – 1)2 Hence degree = 2.
x3 1 + x3 y2 1 + x3 y3
é x 2 + x 3x - 1 - x + 3ù
In D1 , use C 2 ® C 2 - C1 and C3 ® C 3 - C1 ê ú 2
10. (d) ê 2x + 1 2 + x 2 x 3 - 3 ú = a + a x + a x
so that, ê ú 0 1 2
2
êë x - 3 x + 4 3x úû
1 x1 y2 x1 y3
7
D1 = 1 x2 y2 x2 y3 = 0 + ...... + a x
7
1 x3 y2 x3 y3
0 -1 3
[Q C2 and C3 are proportional]
Put x = 0 Þ 1 2 -3 = a 0 Þ a = 21
In D 2 , us C 2 ® C 2 - y 2 C1 0
-3 4 0
and C3 ® C3 - y 3C1 to get
x1 1 1 11. (c) The determinent of a orthogonal matrix is
D 2 = x2 1 1 = 0 [Q C 2 and C3 are identical] always ±1
x3 1 1 |A| = ±1
\D = 0 é 1 2 3ù
8. (b) Let B = êê -3 0 2 úú
é -1 2 5 ù é -1 2 5 ù êë 2 5 0 úû
A = 2 -4 a - 4 ~ 0 0 a + 6 ú
ê ú ê
|B| = – 10 – 2(–4) + 3(– 15)
ê ú ê ú
êë 1 -2 a + 1úû êë 0 0 a + 6úû = – 47
[R 2 ® R 2 + 2R1, R 3 ® R 3 + R1 ] |AB| = |A| |B|
Clearly rank of A is 1 if a = –6 = ( ±1) (– 47)
-1 2 5 = ±47
Also, for a = 1, | A |= 2 -4 -3 = 0 Taking A as identity matrix we can prove
1 -2 2 AB = BA
12. (c) Since the system has a non-trivial solution,
2 5
and = -6 + 20 = 14 ¹ 0 l sin a cos a
-4 -3 therefore 1 cos a sin a = 0
\ rank of A is 2 if a = 1 -1 sin a - cos a
9. (d) f (x) =
Þ l (– cos2a – sin2a)
2 2 2 2 2
1 + (a + b + c + 2) x (1 + b ) x (1 + c ) x – (–sina cosa – sina cosa)
– (sin2a – cos2a) = 0
1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
Þ –l + sin 2a + cos 2a = 0
1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c2 x Þ l = sin 2a + cos 2a
Applying, C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C3 æ pö
Þl= 2 cos ç 2a - ÷ .
è 4ø
1 (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x æ pö
= 1 Since –1 £ cos ç 2a - ÷ £ 1 " ÎR
è 4ø
1 (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c2 x
2 2 2
\ a +b +c +2 ¹ 0 \ – 2 £l£ [
2 i.e. l Î - 2 , 2 ]
 EBD_7588
284 Mathematics Objective MCQs
13. (d) The given system of equations is
n n +1 n+2
x + y+ z = 2 ...(i)
2x +y–z =3 ...(ii) 17. (a) Q f ( x) = n
Pn n +1
Pn +1 n+2
Pn + 2
and 3 x + 2y + kz = 4 ...(iii) n n +1 n+2
This system has a unique solution if Cn Cn +1 C n +2
1 1 1 n n +1 n+2
2 1 -1 ¹ 0
3 2 k = n ! ( n + 1)! ( n + 2)!
Applying C2 ® C2 – C1 and C3 ® C3 – C1 1 1 1
1 0 0 (Q nPn = n!, nCn = 1)
Applying C2 ® C2 – C1 and C3 ® C3 – C1
We get 3 -1 -3 ¹ 0
3 -1 k - 3 n 1 2
Þ – 1(k – 3) – 3 ¹ 0 or – k + 3 – 3 ¹ 0 Þ k ¹ 0 2
14. (c) R1 ® R1 – R2, R2 ® R2 – R3, (reduces the Then, f ( x ) = n ! n.n ! (n + 3n + 1)n !
determinant to:) 1 0 0
2
x - 2x + 1 x - 1 0
1 2
2x - 2 x -1 0 = 2
= n !(n 2 + n + 1)
n.n ! (n + 3n + 1)n !
3 3 1
= (x – 1)3 – 2 (x – 1)2 = (x – 1)2 (x – 1 – 2) x sin q cos q
= (x – 1)2 (x – 3), which is clearly negative for x < 1 18. (b) - sin q - x 1
15. (b) Given, x = a3y + a2z ...(i) cos q 1 x
y = a1z + a3x ...(ii)
z = a2x + a1y ...(iii) = x ( x 2 - 1) - sin q (- x sin q - cos q )
Since, x, y, z are not all zero, therefore given + cos q (- sin q + x cos q )
system of equations has non-trivial solution.
=- x3 - x + x sin 2 q + sin q cosq
1 -a 3 -a 2
\ a 3 -1 a1 = 0 - cosq sin q + x cos2 q )
a 2 a1 -1 = x3 - x + x = x3
2 2 2
Þ a1 + a2 + a3 + 2a1a2a3 = 1 ... (iv) 1
Since, a1 = m – [m] and m is not an integer. 19. (d) We know that det (A) =
\ 0 < a1 < 1 Þ 0 < 1 – a12 < 1 ...(v) det (A -1 )
From Eq. (iv), 1 – a22 – a32 = a12 + 2a1a2a3 é 1 -2 ù
A–1 = ê -2 2 ú
Þ 1 – a22 – a32 + a22a32 = a12 + 2a1a2a3 + a22a32 ë û
Þ (1 – a22) (1 – a32) = (a1 + a2a3)2. . ..(vi) 1 -2
2 2 2
Similarly, (1 – a1 ) (1 – a3 ) = (a2 + a1a3) ...(vii) Þ |A –1| = -2 2 = 2 – 4 = – 2
(1 – a12) (1 – a22) = (a3 + a1a2)2 ...(viii) 1
Þ det (A) = -
( a3 + a1 a 2 ) 2 2
From Eq. (viii), 1 – a22 = > 0 × 20. (a) We know that
1 - a12
adj (adj A) = | A |n–2 A, if | A | ¹ 0, provided order
From Eq. (viii), 1 – a32 > 0 Þ 3 – (a12 + a22 + a32) > 0
of A is n.
Þ a12 + a22 + a32 < 3 Þ 1 – 2 a1a2a3 < 3
\ adj (adj A) = | A | A (as n = 3)
[From Eq. (iv)] \ det (adj (adj A)) = | A |3 det A = | A |4
Þ a1a2a3 > – 1
16. (a) Since, –1 < x < 0 \ [x] = –1 é 1 2 -1ù
0 < y < 1 \ [y] = 0, 1 < z < 2 \ [z] = 1 But | A | = êê -1 1 2 úú = 14
0 0 1 êë 2 -1 1 úû
\ Given determinant = -1 1 1 = 1 = [z] \ det (adj (adj A)) = (14)4
-1 0 2
Determinants 285
21. (b) We have, 26. (d) n = 2 × 3 × 4 = 24.
cos x x 1 cosx - tanx 0 0 27. (c) For any square matrix X, we have
2 2
X (adj X) = | X | In
f (x) = 2sin x x 2x = 2sinx x 2x Taking X = adj A, we get
tan x x 1 tanx x 1 (adjA) [adj (adj A)] =| adj A | I n
[Applying R1 ® R1 – R3] Þ (adj A) [adj(adj A)] = | A |n -1 In
= (cos x – tan x) (x2 – 2x2) [Expanding along R1]
= – x2 (cos x – tan x) [Q | adj A | = | A |n-1 ]
\ f ¢(x) = – 2x (cos x – tan x) – x2 (–sin x – sec2 x) Þ (A adj A ) [adj (adj A)] = | A | n-1 A
é f ¢ (x) ù lim [Q A I n = A]
\ lim ê = x ®0 – 2 (cos x – tan x)
x ®0 ë x ú û
+ x (sin x + sec2 x) (| A | I n ) (adj(adjA)) =| A |n -1 A
=–2×1= –2 Þ adj (adj A) = | A |n- 2 A
22. (b) For infinitely many solutions the two
equations become identical a1 b1 c1 pb1 qc1 ra1
k +1 8 4k 28. (d) D ' = a 2 b2 c2 + pb2 qc2 ra2
Þ = = Þ k =1 a3 b3 c3 pb3 qc3 ra3
k k + 3 3k –1
23. (d) For homogeneous system of equations to [All other determinants vanish]
have non zero solution, D = 0 = D + pqrD = D (1 + pqr)
1 2a a r r -1
29. (d) det (Mr) = = 2r - 1
1 3b b = 0 [\ C2 ® C2 - 2C3 ] r -1 r
1 4c c 2014 2014

1 0 a
å det (Mr ) = 2 å r - 2014
r =1 r =1
1 b b = 0 [ R3 ® R3 - R2 , R2 ® R2 - R1 ] 2014 ´ 2015
= 2´ - 2014 = (2014) 2
1 2c c 2
a b c a +b+c b c
2 1 1
On simplification, = + 30. (c) b c a = a +b+c c a
b a c
c a b a +b+c a b
\ a, b, c are in Harmonic Progression.
24. (b) We have, (Q C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3)
cos(A - P) cos(A - Q) cos(A - R) 1 b c
cos(B - P) cos(B - Q) cos(B - R) = (a + b + c) 1 c a
cos(C - P) cos(C - Q) cos(C - R) 1 a b
[on taking (a + b + c) common from C1]
cosA sinA 0 cos P sin P 0
= (a + b + c) [1 (bc – a2) – b (b – a) + c (a – c)]
cosB sin B 0 ´ cosQ sin Q 0 = 0 × 0 = 0 = (a + b + c) [bc – a2 – b2 + ab + ac – c2]
cosC sin C 0 cosR sin R 0 = (a + b + c) [– (a 2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)]
1
a b c = - (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
2
25. (d) b c a = – (a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc) Hence, the determinant is negative value
c a b 31. (a) D¢ = cofactor D
Þ |D¢| = |cofactor D|
= – (a + b + c) (a + bw2 + cw) (a + bw + cw2) Þ |D¢| = |D|3 – 1.
= –f (a) f (b) f (l) [Q a = 1, b= w, = w2] Þ |D¢| = |D|2.
So D¢ = D2.
 EBD_7588
286 Mathematics Objective MCQs
C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3
(b) Given that, A = é 0 3ù
1 2
32.
ëê úû cos2 54° + sin 2 54° - 1 sin2 54° -1
é1 2 + 6 ù é1 8 ù 2 2
sin 2 37°
A 2 = é 1 2 ù é1 2 ù = ê = = cos 37° - 1 + sin 37° -1
ëê 0 3 úû ëê 0 3 ûú ë0 9 úû êë0 9 úû
Since, f (x) = x2 – x + 2 -1 + cos2 25° + sin 2 25° cos2 25° sin 2 25°
Putting A in place of x
f (A) = A2 – A + 2I 0 sin 2 54° – 1
é1 8 ù é1 2 ù é 2 0 ù 0 –1 sin 2 37° = 0
=ê =
ú-ê ú+ê ú 0 cos 2 25° sin 2 25°
ë 0 9 û ë 0 3û ë 0 2 û
35. (c) Taking x5 common from last row, we get,
é1 - 1 + 2 8 - 2 + 0 ù
=ê ú xn xn+2 x 2n
ë0 - 0 + 0 9 - 3 + 2 û
é 2 6ù x5 1 xa a = 0 V x Î R,
=ê ú n a +1 2n
ë0 8 û x x x
33. (b) Given matrix is : Þa+1=n+2Þa=n+1
2 2 (as it will make first and third row identical)
x -2x -2w
2 w -w =0 l 1 1 l+2 1 1
0 w 1 36. (d) Let D = 1 l 1 = l + 2 l 1
1 1 l l+2 1 l
By C2 ® C2 + C3 , we get
[C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3]
x2 -2x - 2w 2 -2w 2 1 1 1 1 0 0
Þ 2 0 -w =0
= (l + 2) 1 l 1 = (l + 2) 1 l - 1 0
0 1+ w 1 1 1 l 1 0 l -1
= (l + 2)(l – 1)2
x2 -2x - 2w 2 -2w 2 [using C2 ® C2 – C1 and C3 ® C3 – C1]
Þ 2 0 -w =0 If D = 0, then l = – 2 or l = 1.
But when l = 1, the system of equation becomes
0 -w 2 1 x1 + x2 + x3 = 1 which has infinite number of
[Q 1 + w = – w2 ] solutions. When l = – 2, by adding three
equations, we obtain 0 = 3 and thus, the system of
x 2 -2w 2 x 2 -2x - 2w2 equations is inconsistent.
Þ w2 +1 =0
2 -w 2 -0 é0 1 1 ù
Þ w2 ( – wx 2 + 4w2) – ( – 4x – 4w2) = 0 ê ú
Þ – x2 + 4w + 4x + 4w2 = 0 37. (b) | A |max = ê1 0 1 ú = 0 – (– 1) + 1 (1) = 2
Þ – x2 + 4w – 4x – 4 – 4w = 0 êë1 1 0úû
Þ – x2 – 4x – 4 = 0 \ | A |min = – 2
Þ (x +2)2 = 0 Þ x = – 2
38. (c) Let f(x) = a0x2 + a1x + a2
cos 2 54° cos 2 36° cot135° g(x) = b0x2 + b1x + b2
h(x) = c0x2 + c1x + c2
sin 2 53° cot135° sin 2 37°
34. (c) Let D = f ( x) g ( x) h( x )
cot135° cos2 25° cos 2 65°
Then, D(x) = 2a0 x + a1 2b0 x + b1 2c0 x + c1
2a0 2b0 2c0
cos 2 54° sin 2 54° -1
f ( x) g ( x ) h( x) f ( x ) g ( x) h( x)
2
= cos 37° -1 sin 2 37° = x 2a0 2b0 2c0 + a1 b1 c1
2a0 2b0 2c0 2a0 2b0 2c0
-1 cos 2 25° sin 2 25°
Determinants 287

f ( x) g ( x) h( x) cos x - sin x cos x

= 0 + 2 a1 b1 c1 dy
44. (a) = cos x - sin x cos x
a0 b0 c0 dx
= 2 [(b1c0 – b0c1] f(x) – (a1c0 – a0c1) g(x) x 1 1
+ (a1b0 – a0b1) h(x)]
sin x cos x sin x sin x cos x sin x
Hence degree of D(x) £ 2.
39. (a) C1 ® C1 – C2 + - sin x - cos x - sin x + cos x - sin x cos x
4 (e - eia -i a 2
) 4 x 1 1 1 0 0
ib -i b 2
Þ 4 (e - e ) 4 =0 sin x cos x sin x
ig -i g 2
cos x sin x
4 (e - e ) 4 = 0 – sin x cos x sin x + 1
- sin x cos x
40. (b) |adj A| = |A|n–1 {n is order of square matrix} x 1 1
IfA is square matrix of order 3, then |adjA| = |A|2 = 0 + (cos2 x + sin2 x)
41. (c) Let A2 = I
Þ A2A–1 = IA–1 45. (c) Given adj B= A, P = Q = 1
Þ A = A–1 Consider , adj (Q-1B P -1 )
42. (b) Operating C1® C1 + C2 + C3 and taking
out the common factor from C1, we have = (adj P–1) (adj B) (adj Q–1)
D = sin (x + h) (1 + 2cos h) = (adjP) -1 A.(adjQ) -1 = (P–1)–1 A(Q–1)–1
1 sin (x + h) sin (x + 2 h) = PAQ .
1 sin x sin (x + h) 46. (c) We have,
1 sin (x + 2 h) sin x
{Since, sin (x + h) + sin (x) + sin (x + 2h) æ np ö (-1)n n !
0 cos ç x + ÷
= sin (x + h) (1 + 2cos h) } è 2 ø ( x + 3)n +1
By operating R2 ® R2 – R1 and R3 ® R3 – R1, d n
np (-1)n n !
we have D = sin (x + h) (1 + 2cos h) [ f ( x ) ] = 0 cos
dx n 2 3n +1
1 sin (x + h) sin (x + 2 h) 3
a a a5
0 sin x - sin (x + h) sin (x + h) - sin (x + 2 h)
0 sin (x + 2 h) - sin (x + h) sin x - sin (x + 2 h)
ìæ æ hö hö ü np ( -1)n n !
ïç 2cos ç x + ÷ sin + ÷ (2 cos (x + h) sin h) ï 0 cos
ïè è 2 ø 2 ø ï 2 3n +1
=í ý dn np ( -1)n n !
ï æ 3h ö hö
2
ï [ f ( x )] x= 0 = 0 cos =0
ï + ç 2 cos(x + 2 ÷ sin 2 ÷ ï \ dx n 2 3n +1
î è ø ø þ
a a3 a5
D
Therefore, lim 2 = 3 cos2 x.
h ®0 h
(Q R1 and R2 are identical)
sin 2 13° cos2 13° -1 1 bc a (b + c)
43. (b) cos2 13° -1 sin 2 13° 47. (a) 1 ac b (c + a)
-1 2
sin 13° cos 13° 2 1 ab c (a + b)
0 cos 13°2
-1 Applying C3 ® C2 + C3

= 0 -1 sin 2 13° =0 1 bc ab + bc + ac
0 sin 2 13° 2
cos 13° 1 ac ab + bc + ac
Applying C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3 1 ab ab + bc + ac
 EBD_7588
288 Mathematics Objective MCQs
The above determinant can be expressed as
1 bc 1
product of two determinants. Thus,
= (ab + bc + ac) 1 ac 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 ab 1 D= a b g a b g
= (ab + bc + ac) × 0 = 0 a 2 b2 g 2 a 2 b2 g 2
48. (c) Let A = [aij] m × m be a matrix and C = [cij]m × m
= [(b - a )(g - a )(g - b)]2
be another matrix where cij is the cofactor of aij. 52. (a) Since C1 has variable terms and C2 and C3
\ The value of | AC | = | A |m + 1 are constant, summation runs on C1. Therefore,
n
p b c å (r - 1) n 6
1
a q c
49. (d) Given =0 n n
a b r å Dr = å (r - 1)2 2n 2 4n - 2
R1 ® R1 – R2, R2 ® R2 – R3 reduces the r =1 1
determinant to n

p-a b-q 0 å (r - 1)3 3n 2 3n 2 - 3n

1
0 q-b c-r =0 1
(n - 1) n n 6
a b r 2
Þ (p – a) (q – b) r + a (b – q) (c – r) – b (p – a) 1
(c – r) = 0 = (n - 1) n(2n - 1) 2n 2 4n - 2
6
Þ Dividing throughout by (p – a) (q – b)
(r – c), we get 1
(n - 1)2 n 2 3n 3 3n 2 - 3n
4
r a b
Þ + + =0 1
r-c p-a q-b Taking n (n – 1)common from C1 and n
12
r a b common from C2, we get
Þ + + =2
r-c p-a q-b
éa 2 0 0ù 6 1 6
ê ú 1 2
å D r = n (n - 1) ´ 2(2 n - 1) 2n 2(2n - 1)
50. (c) Cofactor matrix = ê 0 a2 0ú 12
ê ú 3n(n - 1) 3n 3 3n(n - 1)
êë 0 0 a 2 úû
= 0 [Q C1 and C3 are identical]
53. (c) We know that, adj A and A has same value
éa 2 0 0ù of determinant, if det A = 0, then det (adj A) = 0
ê ú
\ adj A = (cofactor matrix)¢ = ê 0 a2 0ú so, statement (1) is correct.
ê ú Also If A is a matrix the determinant of A–1
ëê 0 0 a 2 ûú equals inverse of determinant A, so, det(A–1)
éa 2 0 0 ù = (det A)–1, if A is non singular; Statement 2
ê ú is correct.
\ | adj A | = ê 0 a 2 0 ú = a6 Thus both (1) and (2) are correct.
ê 2ú 54. (c) As given : | A n´n |= 3 and | adjA |= 243
êë 0 0 a úû
Dterminant of adjoint A 13 given by :
S0 S1 S2 |adj A| = |An×n|n–1
51. (d) D = S1 S2 S3 Þ 243 = 3n–1 Þ 35 = 3n–1 Þ n – 1 = 5
S2 S 3 S 4 Þn=6
55. (d) We know, if A is an n × n matrix, then
1+1+1 a + b + g a 2 + b2 + g 2
det ( lA) = l s det ( A)
= a + b + g a 2 + b 2 + g 2 a 3 + b3 + g 3
a 2 + b2 + g 2 a3 + b3 + g 3 a 4 + b4 + g 4 But given det ( l A) = l s det A Þ s = n
Determinants 289
x
a -x eloge a x2 10
C4 10
C5 11
Cm
3x 11 11 12
56. (a) g (x) = a -3x elog e a x4 59. (b) C6 C7 Cm+ 2 = 0
12 12 13
a -5x eloge a
5x
1 C8 C9 Cm +4
10
C 4 + 10 C5 10
C5 11
Cm
a -x ex x2

(e )
log a x
Þ 11
C6 + C7 11 11
C7 12
Cm+ 2 = 0
= a -3x e3x x4 = ax 12
C8 + 12 C9 12
C9 13
Cm +4
a -5x e5x 1
(R1 ® R1 + R2)
ax a -x x2 11
C5 10 C 5 11
Cm
3x -3x 4
Þ g (– x) = a a x Þ 12
C7 11
C7 12
C m+ 2 = 0
5x -5x
a a 1 13
C9 C9 12
C m +4 13

-x x 2
a a x It means either two rows or two columns are identical
-3x 3x æ Interchanging I ö \ 11C5 = 11Cm, 12C7
a a x4 ç ÷
=– è and II columns ø = 12Cm+2, 13C4= 13Cm+4 Þ m = 5
a -5x a 5x 1 60. (a) Let A be the 1st term and R the common
= – g (x) ratio of G.P., then;
Þ g (x) + g (– x) = 0 a = Tp = AR p-1 \ log a = log A + (p - 1) log R
57. (d) Given,
(a2 + b2 + c2) x2 – 2 (ab + bc + cd) x + b2 + c2 Similarly, log b = log A + (q - 1) log R
+ d2 £ 0. and log c = log A + (r - 1) log R
2 2 2
Þ (ax – b) + (bx – c) + (cx – d) £ 0
Þ (ax – b)2 + (bx – c)2 + (cx – d)2 = 0 log A + ( p - 1) log R p 1
b c d \D = log A + ( q - 1) log R q 1
Þ = = =x log A + ( r - 1) log R r 1
a b c
Þ b2 = ac or 2 log b = log a + log c Split into two determinants and in the first take
logA common and in the second take log R
33 14 log a common
Now, D = 65 27 log b 1 p1 p -1 p 1
D = log A 1 q 1 + log R q - 1 q 1
97 40 log c 1 r 1 r -1 r 1
Apply R1 ® R1 + R3; Apply C1 ® C1 - C 2 + C3 in the second
130 54 log a + log c
0 p1
D = 65 27 log b =0 D = 0 + log R 0 q 1 = 0
97 40 log c 0 r 1
Now, R1 ® R1 – 2R2; 61. (b) We have
0 0 0 0 - y -z 0 y z
D = y 0 -x = -y 0 x
D = 65 27 log b = 0 z x 0 -z -x 0
97 40 log c [Interchanging rows and columns]
é1 2 ù 0 - y -z
3
58. (a) Given, A = ê ú = ( -1) y 0 - x
ë3 5û z x 0
Þ |A| = 5 – 6 = – 1 [Taking –1 common from each row]
\ | A2009 – 5A2008 | = | A2008 | | A – 5I | = –D
é1 2 ù é5 0 ù -4 2 \ D + D = 0 Þ 2 Re( D ) = 0
= (– 1)2008 ê3 5 ú - ê0 5 ú = 3 0 = – 6 \ D is purely imaginary.
ë û ë û
 EBD_7588
290 Mathematics Objective MCQs
62. (b) If A is non-singular and B is singular, then 67. (a) Consider first two equations :
AB and A–1B are non-singular. Statements (2) 2x + 3y = –4 and 3x + 4y = –6
and (4) are correct.
2 3
63. (b) The given system of equations is We have D = = -1 ¹ 0
3 4
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1
-4 3 2 -4
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2 Dx = = 2 and D y = =0
and a3x + b3y + c3z = d3 -6 4 3 -6
\ x = –2 and y = 0
a1 b1 c1 Now this solution satisfies the third, so the
Let D = a 2 b2 c2 equations are consistent with unique solution.
a3 b3 c3 a1 + b1w a1w2 + b1 c1 + b1w
This system has a unique solution x0, y0, z0 68. (a) D = a 2 + b2 w a 2 w + b2 2
c 2 + b2 w
Dx a 3 + b3 w a 3 w2 + b3 c 3 + b3 w
if D ¹ 0 and x 0 = = 0 Þ Dx = 0
D
Using C2 ® wC2
d1 b1 c1 We have
Þ d2 b2 c2 = 0 a1 + b1w a1w3 + b1w c1 + b1w
d3 b3 c3 1
D= a 2 + b2 w a 2 w3 + b 2 w c 2 + b 2 w
w
64. (c) Let |A| = 8 and A is a square matrix of order 3. a 3 + b3 w a 3 w2 + b3 w c3 + b3 w
We know that |adj A| = |A|n–1. I where
‘n’ is the order of the matrix A. a1 + b1w a1 + b1w c1 + b1w
\ |adj A| = 83 –1 = 82 = 64 1
= a 2 + b 2w a 2 + b 2w c2 + b 2w = 0
65. (d) If the G.P be a, ar, ar2, .... then an = arn – 1 w
a 3 + b 3 w a 3 + b 3w c3 + b 3w
log a + ( n - 1)log r log a + n log r log a + ( n + 1) log r 1
log a + n log r log a + ( n + 1)log r log a + ( n + 2)log r
D= 69. (c) ar = (cos 2 r p + i sin 2rp) 9 = a r
log a + ( n + 1)log r log a + ( n + 2) log r log a + ( n + 3)log r
1 i2rp
= (ei 2r p ) 9 = e 9
R3 ® R3 – R2 and R2 ® R2 – R1 gives,
i2 p i4 p i6 p
log a + (n -1)log r log a + n log r log a + (n +1)log r e 9 e 9 e 9

log r log r log r a1 a2 a3 i2 p i10 p i12 p

=
log r log r log r Þ a4 a5 a6 = e 9 e 9 e 9

a7 a8 a9 i14 p i16 p i18 p

= 0, since R2 and R3 are identical.
e 9 e 9 e 9

l1 m1 n1 l1 m1 n1
66. (b) D2 = l 2 m2 n2 l2 m2 n2
i2 p i4 p i6 p
l3 m3 n3 l3 m3 n3
e9 e9 e9
i8 p i2 p i4 p i6 p
l12 + m12 + m12 l2l1 + m2m1 + n2n1 l1l3 + m1m3 + n1n3 =e 9 e 9 e 9 e 9

= l2l1 + m2m1 + n2n1 l22 + m22 + n22 l2l3 + m2m3 + n2n3 i14 p i16 p i18p
e 9 e 9 e 9
l1l3 + m1m3 + n1n3 l2l3 + m2m3 + n2n3 l32 + m32 + n32
1 0 0
i8 p
= 0 1 0 =1 ÞD=±1 9
= (taking e common from second row)
0 0 1 =0
Determinants 291

a cot A / 2 l By C1 ® C1 – C2 gives :
70. (a) Given, b cot B / 2 m = 0 c a+b a
c cot c / 2 g Þ a+b a 0
s (s - a) 4a + 3b 3a 0
a l
D Again by R3 ® R3 – 3R1, we get :
s (s - b) a+b+c a+b a
Þ b m =0
D D= a+b a 0
s (s- c)
c g a 0 0
D
= a{0.(a + b) - a.a}
a s-a l = – a3 which is independent of b and c.
1
Þ b s-b m =0 72. (a) Since, a, b, c are in GP.
r Þ b2 = ac
c s-c g
Explanding the determinant we get,
Apply C2 ® C2 + C1
a b a+b
a s l
1 D b c b+c
Þ b s m = 0, where r =
r s a +b b+c 0
c s g
c b+c b b+c
a 1 l =a –b
D b+c 0 a+b 0
Þ 2 b 1 m =0
r b c
c 1 g + (a + b)
a+b b+c
Apply R1 ® R1 – R2, R2 ® R2 – R3 = – a (b + c)2 + b (a + b) (b + c) + (a + b)
a -b 0 l -m (b2 + bc – ac – bc)
D = – a (b + c + 2bc) + b (ab + ac + b2 + bc)
2 2
Þ b-c 0 m-g =0 = – ab2 – ac2 – 2abc + ab2 + 2abc + b2c
r2
c 1 g (Q b2 = ac)
= – ac + b c = – ac + ac.c. = – ac + ac2 = 0
2 2 2 2
D 73. (a) Since, A1 B1 C1, A2 B2 C2 and A3 B3 C3 are
Þ [(b – c) (l – m) – (m – g) (a – b)] = 0
r2 divisible by k, therefore; 100A1 + 10B1 + C1 = n1 k;
Þ b (l – m) – c (l – m) – a (m – g) + b (m – g) = 0 100A2 + 10B2 + C2 = n2 k; 100A3 + 10B3 + C3 = n3 k
Þ – a (m – g) + b (l – m + m – g) – c (l – m) = 0 (where n1, n2, n3 are integers)
Þ – a (m – g) + b (l – g) – c (l – m) = 0
Þ a (m – g) + b (g – l) + c (l – m) = 0 A1 B1 C1
a+b+c a+b a Now, D = A 2 B2 C2
71. (b) Let D = 4a + 3b + 2c 3a + 2b 2a A 3 B3 C3
10a + 6b + 3c 6a + 3b 3a A1 B1 100A1 + 10B1 + C1
= A2 B2 100A 2 + 10B2 + C2
a+b+c a+b a
A3 B3 100A3 + 10B2 + C3
Þ D = 4a + 3b + 2c 3a + 2b 2a
[Applying C3 ® C3 + 10C2 + 100C1]
10a + 6b + 3c 6a + 3b 3a
A1 B1 n1k A1 B1 n1
By R2 ® R2 – 2R1 and R3 ® R3 – 3R1,we get : = A 2 B2 n 2 k = k A 2 B2 n 2 = k D1
a+b+c a+b a A3 B3 n3 k A3 B3 n 3
Þ 2a + b a 0 Þ D is divisible by k
[Since, elements of D1 are integers \ D1 is an
7a + 3b 3a 0 integer.]
 EBD_7588
292 Mathematics Objective MCQs

2- x 2x x2 é3 2ù
78. (b) Let A = ê ú
74. (a) f (x) = 2 -3x 23x x4 ë1 4 û
2 -5x 25x 1 We have
If A is a square matrix of order n then
A(adj A) = | A |. In
2x 2- x x2
Here, n = 2
\ f (–x) = 23x 2 -3x x 4 = – f (x) \ A (adj A) = I2 | A |
25x 2 -5x 1
é1 0 ù 3 2 é1 0ù é1 0 ù
=ê ú 1 4 = ê0 1 ú (12 - 2) = 10 ê0 1ú
1 sin A sin 2 A ë 0 1 û ë û ë û
75. (a) 1 sin B sin 2 B = 0
1 sin C sin 2 C
é10 0 ù
Þ (sin A – sin B)(sin B – sin C)(sin C – sin A) = 0 =ê ú
ë0 10û
Þ sin A = sin B or sin B = sin C or sin C = sin A
\ atleast two of A, B, C are equal. 2a 3r x a r x
Hence the triangle is isosceles or equilateral. 4b 6s 2y = l b s y
76. (a) Using C2 ® C2 – C1and C3 ® C3 – C1 in the 79. (b) Given,
given determinant, we have –2c –3t –z c t z

1 0 0 Taking 2 common from C1 and 3 from C2 in LHS

D= 1 + sinA sinB- sinA sin C - sin A
a r x a r x
sin A + sin 2 A sin 2 B - sin 2 A sin 2 C - sin 2 A
\ 2 ´ 3 2b 2s 2 y = l b s y
Now taking sin B – sin A common from C2 and – c –t – z c t z
sin
C – sin A common from C3, we have Taking 2 common from R2 and – 1 from R3
D = (sin B – sin A) (sin C – sin A) in LHS
1 0 0 a r x a r x
1 + sinA 1 1 \ –12 b s y =l b s y
sin A + sin 2 A sin B + sin A sin C + sinA c t z c t z
= (sin B – sin A) (sin C – sin A) (sin C – sin B).
Þ l = – 12
As the determinant is zero, we must have sin B
= sin A or sin A or sin C = sin A or sin C = sin B, 80. (c) a = x/(y – z) Þ x – ay + az = 0 ...(1)
that is, B = A or C = A or C = B. b = y/(z – x) Þ bx + y – bz = 0 ...(2)
In all three cases we will have an isosceles c = z/(x – y) Þ – cx + cy + z = 0 ...(3)
triangle. As x, y, z are not all zero, the above system has
77. (d) Since, adjoint of the square matrix A is B a non-trivial
B
Þ = A –1 1 -a a
|A|
solution so D = b - 1 -b
AB
Þ = AA –1 = I -c c 1
|A|
Þ AB = |A| I Þ AB = a I \ 1 + ab + bc + ca = 0
 Continuity and
21
Differentiability
1. If f(x) = xa log x and f(0) = 0, then the value of a dy
for which Rolle’s theorem can be applied in [0, 1] ... logn– 1 x logn x is equal to
dx
is
(a) – 2 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) 1/2 (a) log x (b) logn x
2. Let f be a function which is continuous and 1
differentiable for all real x. If f(2) = – 4 and (c) (d) 1
log x
f '( x) ³ 6 for all x Î [2, 4], then
e1 / x - e -1 / x
(a) f (4) < 8 (b) f (4) ³ 8 10. Let f ( x ) = g ( x ) . , where g is a
(c) f (4) ³ 12 (d) None of these e1 / x + e -1 / x
3. If f(0) = 0, f '(0) = 2, then the derivative of continuous function then lim f (x ) does not
y = f(f(f(f(x))) at x = 0 is x®0
exist if
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 4 (a) g(x) is any constant function
(e x - 1) 2 (b) g(x) = x
4. Let f (x) = for x ¹ 0, and (c) g(x) = x2
æ xö æ xö
sin ç ÷ log ç1 + ÷ (d) g(x) = x h (x), where h(x) is a polynomial.
è aø è 4ø
f(0) = 12. If f is continuous at x = 0, then the value ì x log cos x
,x ¹ 0
of a is equal to 11. If f (x) = ïí log(1 + x 2 ) then f(x) is
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) 3 ï
5. If y = log10 x + logx 10 + logx x + log1010 then î 0 ,x = 0
æ dy ö (a) continuous as well as differentiable at x = 0
what is ç ÷ equal to? (b) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
è dx ø x =10 (c) differentiable but not continuous at x = 0
(a) 10 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 (d) neither continuous nor differentiable at x = 0
1 - sin x + cos x
6. The function f (x) = is not ìï51/ x , x < 0
1 + sin x + cos x 12. Let f (x) = í and l Î R, then at x = 0
defined at x = p. The value of f(p) so that f(x) is ïîl[x], x ³ 0
continuous at x = p is (a) f is discontinuous
1 1 (b) f is continuous only, if l = 0
(a) - (b) (c) –1 (d) 1
2 2 (c) f is continuous only, whatever l may be
7. Which one of the following functions is (d) None of these
differentiable for all real values of x? 13. Consider the following statements:
x 1 1 1. The function f (x) = greatest integer
(a) x (b) x x (c) x (d) £ x, x Î R is a continuous function.
x
8. Let 0 < x < p and y(x) be given by 2. All trigonometric functions are continuous
(1+sin x) y3 – (cos x) y2 + 2 (1+sin x) y –2 cos x = 0. on R.
The derivative of y with respect to Which of the statements given above is/are
correct ?
x p (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
tan at x = is :
2 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1 1 2 (1 - cos x )
(a) (b) - (c) 2 (d) –2 14. What is lim equal to ?
2 2 x ®0 x2
9. n n
If y = log x, where log means log log log...
(a) 0 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/4 (d) 1
(repeated n time), then x log x log x log2 x log3 x
 EBD_7588
294 Mathematics Objective MCQs
15. The number of points at which the function 23. Suppose f (x) is differentiable at x = 1 and
f (x) =|x – 0.5| + | x – 1| + tan x does not have a 1
derivative in the interval (0, 2) is lim f (1 + h) = 5 , then f '(1) equals
h®0 h
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
16. Let f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) and f (x) = x2g(x) for all (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
x, y Î R, where g(x) is continuous function. Then 24. If f ''( x ) < 0, "x Î (a, b), then f '( x) = 0
f ¢ (x) is equal to occurs
(a) g'(x) (b) g(0) (a) exactly once in (a, b)
(c) g(0) + g'(x) (d) 0 (b) atmost once in (a, b)
17. Given f : [-2a, 2a] ® R is an odd function such (c) atleast once in (a, b)
(d) None of these
that the left hand derivative at x = a is zero and 25. Let f (x) = – 1 + | x – 2 |, and g (x) = 1 – | x |; then the
f ( x) = f (2a - x) " x Î (a, 2a ) , then its left had set of all points where fog is discontinuous is :
derivative at x = - a is (a) {0, 2} (b) {0, 1, 2}
(a) 0 (b) a (c) {0} (d) an empty set
(c) –a (d) does not exist 26. The value of p for which the function
18. If f(x y) = f(x). f(y) for all x, y and f(x) is continuous ì (4 x - 1)3
at x = 2, then f(x) is not necessarily continuous in: ï ,x¹0
ï x é x2 ù
f ( x ) = í sin log ê1 + ú
ï p ëê 3 ûú
(a) (– ¥, ¥) (b) (0, ¥) ï
(c) (–¥, 0) (d) (2, ¥) î 12(log 4)3 , x = 0
may be continuous at x = 0, is
19. Let y = t10 + 1 and x = t + 1 , then
8 d 2 y is (a) 1 (b) 2
dx2 (c) 3 (d) None of these
equal to :
ì p
(a)
5
t (b) 20t 8 ïmx + 1 x£
2 is continuous at
2 27. If f (x) = í p
ïsin x + n x >
5 î 2
(c) (d) None of these p
16t 6 x = , then which one of the following is correct?
20. Consider the function 2
np
ì ax - 2 for -2 < x < -1 (a) m = 1, n = 0 (b) m = +1
ï 2
f(x) = í -1 for -1 £ x £ 1 p
æpö
ï 2 (c) n = mç ÷ (d) m = n =
îa + 2(x - 1) for 1 < x < 2 è2ø 2
What is the value of a for which f(x) is continuous
at x = –1 and x = l ? ìï x 2 , x>2
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2 28. Consider the function f ( x ) = í .
ïî3x - 2, x £ 2
21. Which one of the following is correct in respect
Which one of the following statements is correct
x2 in respect of the above function?
of the function f ( x ) = for x ¹ 0 and f(0) = 0 ? (a) f (x) is derivable but not continuous at x = 2.
x
(b) f (x) is continuous but not derivable at x = 2.
(a) f (x) is discontinuous every where (c) f (x) is neither continuous nor derivable at x = 2.
(b) f (x) is continuous every where (d) f (x) is continuous as well as derivable at x = 2.
(c) f (x) is continuous at x = 0 only 29. If the polynomial equation
(d) f (x) is discontinuous at x = 0 only
an x n + an -1x n -1 + .... + a2 x 2 + a1x + a0 = 0,
22. If f(x) is differentiable everywhere, then which
one of the following is correct? n positive integer, has two different real roots a
and b, then between a and b, the equation
(a) | f | is differentiable everywhere
(b) | f |2 is differentiable everywhere nan x n -1 + (n - 1)an -1 x n - 2 + .... + a1 = 0 has
(c) f | f | is not differentiable at some points (a) exactly one root (b) atmost one root
(d) None of the above (c) atleast one root (d) no root
Continuity and Differentiability 295
37. If the derivative of the function
x4 ì 2 x < –1
If f ( x ) = 3 , x ¹ 0 and f (0) = 0 is :
f (x) = í ax + b
30.
|x|
î bx + ax + 4 x ³ –1
2
(a) continuous for all x but not differentiable is every where continuous, then what are the
for any x values of a and b?
(b) continuous and differentiable for all x (a) a =2, b = 3 (b) a =3, b = 2
(c) continuous for all x and differentiable for all (c) a =–2, b = –3 (d) a =–3, b = –2
x¹0 38. Consider the following :
(d) continuous and differentiable for all x ¹ 0 1
1. lim exists.
x ®0 x
31. Let f :[2, 7] ® [0, ¥) be a continuous and 1
differentiable function. Then,
2. lim e x does not exist.
( f (7))2 + ( f (2)) 2 + f (2) f (7) x ®0
( f (7) - f (2)) is, Which of the above is/are correct?
3 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
where c Î [2, 7] . (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 5f 2(c) f '(c) (b) 5f '(c) 39. If the function
(c) f (c) f '(c) (d) None of these é ( x - 2)3 ù
f ( x) = ê ú sin( x - 2) + a cos( x - 2) ,
( )
ì x 2 / a - a, when x < a
ïï
ë a û
32. If f ( x ) = í 0, when x = a, then

ïî ( )
ï a - x 2 / a , when x > a [.] denotes the greatest integer function is
continuous and differentiable in [4, 6], then
(a) lim f ( x ) = a (a) a Î [8, 64] (b) a Î (0, 8]
x®a (c) a Î [64, ¥ ) (d) None of these
(b) f (x) is continuous at x = a
(c) f (x) is discontinuous at x = a 40. Given f ( x ) = b([ x ]2 + [ x ]) + 1 for x ³ -1
(d) None of these 2 = sin(p( x + a)) for x < –1
33. The number of points in (1, 3), where f (x) = a [x ], where [x] denotes the integral part of x, then for
a > 1, is not differentiable, where [x] denotes the what values of a, b, the function is continuous at
integral part of x. x = –1?
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11 (a) a = 2n + (3/ 2); b Î R; n Î I
34. A value of c for which conclusion of Mean Value
Theorem holds for the function f (x) = loge x on (b) a = 4n + 2; b Î R; n Î I
the interval [1, 3] is (c) a = 4n + (3/ 2); b Î R +1; n Î I
(a) log3 e (b) loge3
(d) a = 4n + 1; b Î R + ; n Î I
1
(c) 2 log3e (d) log3e 1 1
2 41. If y = 2 where t = , then find the
35. The derivative of ln(x+ sin x) with respect to (x+ t +t-2 x -1
cos x) is number of points of discontinuities of y = f ( x) ,
1 + cos x (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a)
(x + sin x)(1 - sin x) 42. If f (x) = |1 – x|, then the points where sin–1 (f| x |)
1 - cos x is non-differentiable are
(b) (a) {0, 1} (b) {0, –1}
(x + sin x)(1 + sin x) (c) {0, 1, –1} (d) none of these
1 - cos x é
(c) -1 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ù
(x - sin x)(1 + cos x) 43. If y = cot ê ú , where 0 <
1 + cos x ë 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x û
(d) p dy
(x - sin x)(1 - cos x) x < , then is equal to
2 dx
36. What is the derivative of x3 with respect to x2 ? 1
3x 3 (a) (b) 2
(a) 3x2 (b) (c) x (d) 2
2 2 (c) sin x + cos x (d) sin x – cos x
 EBD_7588
296 Mathematics Objective MCQs

44. A function f : R ® R is defined as f (x) = x2 for 2. f(x) is differentiable at x = 0

3. f(x) is continuous at x = 0
x ³ 0 and f (x) = –x for x < 0.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Consider the following statements in respect of
the above function : (a) 1 only (b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
1. The function is continuous at x = 0.
2. The function is differentiable at x = 0. dy y
52. If xayb = (x – y)a+b, then the value of - is
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? dx x
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only equal to
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 a b
45. A function f is defined as follows (a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
b a
53. cotx
If f (x) = ( x + 1) is continuous at x = 0, then
æ1ö
f (x) = x p cos ç ÷ , x ¹ 0 f(0) = 0 what is f (0) equal to?
èxø
1
What conditions should be imposed on p so that f (a) 1 (b) e (c) (d) e2
may be continuous at x = 0 ? e
(a) p = 0 (b) p > 0
(c) p < 0 (d) No value of p ì k cos x p
ï p - 2 x , when x ¹ 2
x x 54. If the function f ( x ) = í p
be
46. If f ( x ) = x + + + ...to ¥ , then at ï3,
1 + x (1 + x ) 2 when x =
î 2
x = 0, f(x) p
(a) has no limit continuous at x = , then k =
2
(b) is discontinuous (a) 3 (b) 6
(c) is continuous but not differentiable
(d) is differentiable (c) 12 (d) None of these
47. Let f be a continuous function on R such that 55. Which of the following functions is not
differentiable at x = 1?
2 n2 (a) f(x) = (x2 – 1) |(x – 1) (x – 2)|
f (1/ 4n) = (sin e n )e - n + .
n2 + 1 (b) f(x) = sin (|x – 1|) – |x – 1|
Then the value of f(0) is (c) f(x) = tan(|x – 1|) + |x – 1|
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (d) None of these
(c) 0 (d) None of these
56. If y = log x + log x + log x + ....¥ , then
48. Suppose that f(0) = –3 and f '( x ) £ 5 for all values
of x. Then, the largest value which f(2) can attain dy
=
is _______. dx
(a) 7 (b) 10 (c) 2 (d) 9 x x
(a) (b)
49. Let f’’(x) be continuous at x = 0 and f’’(0) = 4. 2 y -1 2 y +1
2f (x) - 3f (2x) + f (4x) 1 1
Then value of lim is (c) (d)
x ®0 x2 x (2 y - 1) x (1 - 2 y )
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 6 (d) 4 57. Which of the following function(s) has/have
ìï x, if x is rational removable discontinuity at x = 1?
50. If function f (x) = í , then 1
1
ïî1 - x, if x is irrational (a) f ( x) = (b) f ( x) = 3
the number of points at which f (x) is continuous, ln | x | x -1
1
is – x +1 - 2x
(a) ¥ (b) 1 21- x f ( x) =
(c) f ( x) = 2 (d)
(c) 0 (d) None of these x2 - x
51. Consider the following in respect of the function 1 + x -1
58. What is lim equal to ?
ì 2 + x, x ³ 0 x ®0 x
f(x) = í
î 2 – x, x < 0 1
-
1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d)
1. lim f ( x) does not exist. 2 2
x ®1
Continuity and Differentiability 297

ì3x - 4, 0 £ x £ 2 69. The function f ( x ) = sin(loge | x |), x ¹ 0, and 1

59. Let f (x) = í if x = 0
î 2x + l, 2 < x £ 9 (a) is continuous at x = 0
If f is continuous at x = 2, then what is the value
of l ? (b) has removable discontinuity at x = 0
(c) has jump discontinuity at x = 0
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) – 2 (d) – 1 (d) has oscillating discontinuity at x = 0
60. Let f(x) = [x3 – 3], [x] = G.I.F. Then the no. of
points in the interval (1, 2) where function is dn
70. (log x) =
discontinuous is dx n
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 3 (n - 1)! n!
61. If q are the points of discontinuity of (a) n (b)
x xn
2n
f ( x) = lim cos x then the value of sin q is (n - 2)! (n - 1)!
n ®¥ (c) n (d) (-1)n -1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 1/2 x xn
62. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by f (x) = max
{x, x3}. The set of all points where f (x) is NOT x 2 y2 (2) + 1/ 8
71. If y = (1+1/ x) then is equal to –
differentiable is (log3/ 2 - 1/ 3)
(a) {–1, 1} (b) {–1, 0}
(c) {0, 1} (d) {–1, 0, 1}
æ 2x ö (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 2
63. The derivative of sin–1 çè ÷ with respect to
1 + x2 ø
72. The set of points of discontinuity of the function
é1 - x 2 ù (2 sin x ) 2 n
cos-1 ê ú is equal to :
ë1 + x 2 û f(x) = lim is given by
n ®¥ 3 n - (2 cos x ) 2 n
(a) 1 (b) – 1
(c) 2 (d) None of these ì p ü
(a) R (b) ínp ± , n Î I ý
2 y2 (2) + 1/8 î 3 þ
x
64. If y = (1+1/ x) then is equal to – p
(log3/ 2 -1/ 3) ì ü
(c) ínp ± , n Î Iý (d) None of these
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 2 î 6 þ
1 73. Which of the following function is continuous
65. If f(x) = , then the points of discontinuity of
1- x at for all value of x?
the function f [ f {f(x)}] are
(a) {0, –1} (b) {0,1} (i) f (x) = sgn (x3 – x)
(c) {1, –1} (d) None of these (ii) f (x) = sgn (2 cos x – 1)
66. What is the derivative of x - 1 at x = 2 ? (iii) f (x) = sgn (x2 – 2x + 3)
(a) –1 (a) Only (i) (b) Only (iii)
(b) 0 (c) Both (ii) and (iii) (d) None of these
(c) 1 74. Which one of the following statements is correct
(d) Derivative does not exist in respect of the function f(x) = x 3sinx?
67. Let f : R ® R be defined as f (x) = sin ( | x | ) (a) f ¢(x) changes sign from positive to negative
Which one of the following is correct? at x = 0
(a) f is not differentiable only at 0 (b) f ¢(x) changes sign from negative to positive
(b) f is differentiable at 0 only at x = 0
(c) f is differentiable everywhere (c) does not change sign at x = 0
(d) f is non-differentiable at many points (d) f ¢¢(0) ¹ 0
68. Let f be a function which is continuous and 75. What is the set of all points, where the function
differentiable for all real x. If f(2) = – 4 and x
f ( x) = is differentiable?
f '( x) ³ 6 for all x Î [2, 4], then 1+ x
(a) f (4) < 8 (b) f (4) ³ 8 (a) ( –¥, ¥ ) only (b) ( 0, ¥ ) only
(c) f (4) ³ 12 (d) None of these (c) ( –¥, 0) È ( 0, ¥) only (d) ( –¥, 0 ) only
 EBD_7588
298 Mathematics Objective MCQs
76. The number of points of non-differentiability for (a) x = 0 (b) x = 1, 2
f(x) = max {|| x | – 1|, 1/2} is (c) x = 0, 2, 4 (d) None of these
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 5
77. Which of the following functions have finite 84. If the mean value theorem is f(b) – f(a) = (b – a) f '(c).
number of points of discontinuity? (where [×] é 3ù
Then, for the function x2 – 2x + 3 in ê1, ú the
represents greatest integer functions) ë 2û
(a) tan x (b) x [x] value of c is
|x| (a) 6/5 (b) 5/4 (c) 4/3 (d) 7/6
(c) (d) sin [npx] 85. Which of the following is correct for
x
78. If f '' (x) = – f (x) and g (x) = f ' (x) and ì æ 1 ö
ç ÷
2 2 ï -2 è (e - x) ø
æ æ xö ö æ æ xö ö f ( x ) = í( x - e)2 , x ¹ e at x = e
F( x ) = ç f ç ÷ ÷ + ç g ç ÷ ÷ and given that
è è 2ø ø è è 2 ø ø ï
î 0, x=e
F (5) =5, then F (10) is equal to –
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 0 (d) 15 (a) f (x) is discontinuous at x = e
(b) f (x) is differentiable at x = e
79. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by (c) f (x) is non-differentiable at x = e
f (x) = min {x + 1, x + 1} ,Then which of the (d) None of these
86. The number of points at which the function
following is true?
1
(a) f (x) is differentiable everywhere f ( x) = is discontinuous, is
(b) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0 loge | x |
(c) f (x) ³ 1 for all x Î R (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(d) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 1 æ 2x ö dy
1 - sin x + cos x 87. If y = tan -1 ç 2 x +1 ÷
, then at x = 0 is
80. The function f(x) = is not è 1+ 2 ø dx
1 + sin x + cos x
defined at x = p. The value of f (p), so that f (x) is 3 2
continuous at x = p, is (a) log 2 (b) log 2
5 5
1 1
(a) - (b) (c) –1 (d) 1 æ -1 ö
2 2 3
81. 2 2 2
If (x – a) + (y – b) = c , for some c > 0, then (c) - log 2 (d) log 2 ç ÷
2 è 10 ø
3 88. If f (x) = logx (ln x), then at x = e, f '(x) equals-
é æ dy ö2 ù 2 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) e (d) 1/e
ê1 + ç ÷ ú
êë è dx ø úû d 2s
is 89. If s = t 2 + 1 , then is equal to
d2y dt 2
dx 2 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) is a constant dependent on a s s2 s 3
s4
(b) is a constant dependent on b 90. What is the derivative of
(c) is a constant independent of a and b
(d) 0 æ 1+ x2 -1 ö
82. Which one of the following is correct in respect tan -1 çç ÷÷ with respect to tan–1 x?
è x ø
of the function f ( x ) = x + x 2 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) x
(a) f(x) is not continuous at x = 0 2
(b) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 91. If the function
(c) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 x ( x - 2)
(d) None of the above f ( x) = ,x¹±2
épù æ p ö x2 - 4
83. If f ( x ) = cos ê ú cosç ( x - 1) ÷ ; where [x] is the is continuous at x = 2, then what is f(2) equal to?
ëxû è 2 ø
greatest integer function of x, then f(x) is 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
continuous at 2
Continuity and Differentiability 299
92. If the functions f(x) and g(x) are continuous in
[a, b] and differentiable in (a, b), then the equation dn
97. If I n = (xn log x), then In– nIn –1=
n
f ( a ) f (b ) f ( a ) f '( x) dx
= (b - a ) has in the (a) n (b) n –1 (c) n! (d) (n –1)!
g (a ) g (b ) g (a ) g '( x)
98. If f ( x ) = sin x , when x is rational ü
interval [a, b] ý
= cos x , when x is irrational þ
(a) atleast one root (b) exactly one root Then the function is
(c) atmost one root (d) no root (a) discontinuous at x = np + p/4
(b) continuous at x = np + p/4
(c) discontinuous at all x
93. If u = f ( x3 ) , v = g ( x 2 ) , f ¢ (x) = cos x and (d) None of these
du
g '( x ) = sin x , then = ì1 - sin 3 x p
dv ï ,x <
1 2 2
x cos x3cosec x2 (b)
3 ï 3 cos x
(a) x cos x3cosec x2 ïï
2 2 p
1 3 99. Let f (x ) = íp, x =
(c) x sec x 3 sin x 2 (d) x sec x3cosec x2 ï 2
2 2 ï q(1 - sin x ) p
94. What is the value of k for which the following ï ,x >
2 2
function f(x) is continuous for all x? ïî (p - 2x )
ì x3 - 3 x + 2 p
ï , for x ¹ 1 If f(x) is continuous at x = , (p, q) =
f ( x ) = í ( x - 1) 2 2
ï æ1 ö
îk , for x = 1 (a) (1, 4) (b) ç , 2 ÷
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) – 1 è2 ø
95. ax bx
Suppose f ( x) = e + e , where a ¹ b, and æ1 ö
(c) ç , 4÷ (d) None of these
that f ''( x ) - 2 f '( x) - 15 f ( x) = 0 for all x. Then è2 ø
the product ab is ( a - x ) a - x - (b - x ) x - b dy
(a) 25 (b) 9 (c) –15 (d) –9 100. If y = , then
96. Let 3f(x) – 2f(1/x) = x, then f '(2) is equal to a - x + x -b dx
wherever it is defined is
2 1 7
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) x + ( a + b) 2x - a - b
7 2 2 (a) (b)
( a - x )( x - b) 2 a- x x-b
( a + b) 2 x + (a + b)
(c) - (d)
2 ( a - x )( x - b ) 2 ( a - x)( x - b)

Answer KEYs
1 (d) 11 (a) 21 (b) 31 (a) 41 (c) 51 (d) 61 (a) 71 (a) 81 (c) 91 (b)
2 (b) 12 (a) 22 (c) 32 (b) 42 (c) 52 (d) 62 (d) 72 (c) 82 (c) 92 (a)
3 (c) 13 (d) 23 (c) 33 (b) 43 (a) 53 (b) 63 (a) 73 (b) 83 (b) 93 (b)
4 (d) 14 (d) 24 (b) 34 (c) 44 (a) 54 (b) 64 (a) 74 (c) 84 (b) 94 (a)
5 (d) 15 (d) 25 (d) 35 (a) 45 (b) 55 (c) 65 (b) 75 (a) 85 (c) 95 (c)
6 (c) 16 (d) 26 (d) 36 (b) 46 (b) 56 (c) 66 (c) 76 (d) 86 (c) 96 (b)
7 (b) 17 (a) 27 (c) 37 (a) 47 (a) 57 (d) 67 (a) 77 (c) 87 (d) 97 (d)
8 (b) 18 (a) 28 (b) 38 (b) 48 (a) 58 (b) 68 (b) 78 (a) 88 (d) 98 (b)
9 (b) 19 (c) 29 (c) 39 (c) 49 (a) 59 (c) 69 (d) 79 (a) 89 (c) 99 (c)
10 (a) 20 (a) 30 (c) 40 (a) 50 (b) 60 (c) 70 (d) 80 (c) 90 (b) 100 (b)
 EBD_7588
300 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1. (d) For Rolle’s theorem in [a, b], f(a) = f(b), é ù

In [0, 1] Þ f(0) = f(1) = 0 1 1
= ê1 - ú
Q the function has to be continuous in [0, 1] x log e 10 ëê (log10 x )2 ûú
a
Þ f (0) = lim f ( x ) = 0 Þ lim x log x = 0 æ dy ö 1
x ®0+ x ®0
ç ÷ = [1 - 1] = 0
log x
è ø x =10
dx 10log e 10
Þ lim =0
x ®0 x -a é log10 10 1 ù
ê Note: log x 10 = log x = log x ú
1/ x ê 10 10 ú
Applying L.H. Rule lim =0
x ®0 - ax - a-1 êd é 1 ù 1 ú
-2
- xa ê ê ú = -(log10 x) ´ ú
Þ lim
x ®0 a
=0Þa >0 ê dx ë log10 x û x loge 10 ú
2. (b) By mean value theorem, there exists a real ê 1 ú
ê =- ú
number c Î (2, 4) such that êë (log10 x)2 x log e 10 úû
f (4) - f (2) f (4) + 4 1 - sin x + cos x
f '(c) = Þ f '(c) = 6. (c) lim
4-2 2 x ®p + sin x + cos x
1
Since, f '(c) ³ 6, " x Î [2, 4] Using L’hospital’s rule
f (4) + 4 - cos x - sin x - cos p - sin p
\ f '(c) ³ 6 Þ ³6 Þ lim =
2 x ®p cos x - sin x cos p - sin p
Þ f (4) + 4 ³ 12 Þ f (4) ³ 8. - ( -1) - 0
3. (c) = =– 1
-1 - 0
y '( x) = f '( f ( f ( f ( x)))) f '( f ( f ( x))) f '( f ( x)) f '( x) x
Þ y '(0) = f '( f ( f ( f (0))) ( f '( f ( f (0))) f '( f '(0)) f '(0) 7. (b) Since x is not continuous function
= f '( f ( f (0))) f '( f (0)) f '(0) f '(0) \ it is not differentiable also.
= f '( f (0)) f '(0) f '(0) f '(0) Also, L.H.D. and R.H.D. at x = 0 not equal.
Thus, only function given in option ‘b’ gives
4 4
= f '(0) f '(0) f '(0) f '(0) = ( f '(0)) = 2 = 16. differentiability for all real values of x.
8. (b) The given eq. can be written as
(e x - 1)2
4. (d) Lt æ cos x ö
x ®0 æxö æ xö ( y 2 + 2) ç y - ÷=0
sin ç ÷ log ç1 + ÷ è 1 + sin x ø
èaø è 4ø cos x
Þ y= [Q y 2 + 2 ¹ 0]
(e x - 1)2 2 1 + sin x
.x x
= Lt x Þ 4a = 12 1 - tan 2
x ®0 æ xö æ xö 2
sin ç ÷ log ç1 + ÷ 2 x
x è aø è 4ø x 1 + tan
. . . 2 1- t 2 (1 - t ) (1 + t )
a æ xö x 4 = = =
x 2
1 + t + 2t (1 + t ) 2
çè ÷ø 2 tan
a 4 2
1+
Þa=3 1 + tan 2
x
5. (d) y = log10x + logx10 + logxx + log1010 2
y = log10x + logx10 + 1 + 1 1- t 2 x
Differentiating equation w.r.t. x = = - 1, where t = tan
1+ t 1 + t 2
dy 1 1 1 -2 p
= - . Þ y' (t ) = .At x = , t =1
dx x log e 10 (log10 x ) 2 ( x log10) (1 + t ) 2 2
Continuity and Differentiability 301
-2 1 RHL at x = 0 : lim f (x) = lim l [x]
\ y ' (1) = =- x ®0 + x ® 0+
(1 + 1) 2 2
9. (b) Q y = lognx = lim l [h] = 0
h ®0
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy LHL at x = 0 : lim f (x) = lim 51/ x
x log x log2 x log3 x ... logn – 1 x logn x x ®0 - x ®0-
dx
-1/ h ¥
x log x log 2 x log 3 x...log n –1 x log n x.1 = lim 5 =5 =¥
= 2 3 n –1 h ®0
x log x log x log x...log x and f (0) = l [0] = 0.
= lognx Since, LHL ¹ RHL
\ f (x) is not continuous.
e1 / x - e -1 / x 1 - e -2 / x 13. (d) Here, greatest integer function [x] is
10. (a) lim = lim =1
x ® 0+ e1 / x + e -1 / x x ® 0+ 1 + e -2 / x discontinuous at its integral value of x, cot x and
e1 / x - e -1 / x e2 / x - 1
cosec x are discontinuous at 0, p, 2p etc. and tan
and lim = lim = -1. p 3p 5p
1/ x -1 / x
x ®0- e +e x ®0- e2 / x + 1 x and sec x are discontinuous at x = , ,
lim f ( x ) exists if lim g(x) = 0 . 2 2 2
Hence x® 0 x ®0 etc. Therefore the greatest integer function and
If g(x) = a ¹ 0 (constant) then all trigonometric functions are not continuous
lim f (x ) = a and lim f ( x ) = -a. for x Î R
x ® 0+ x®0- Therefore, neither (1) nor (2) are true.
Thus lim f (x ) doesn’t exist in this case. x
x®0 2 (1 - cos x ) 2.2 sin 2
14. (d) lim = lim 2
11. (a) We have, x®0 x2 2
x®0 x
f ( 0 - h ) - f (0) -h log cosh
Lf ¢(0) = lim = lim x x
h ®0 -h h ® 0 - h log(1 + h 2 ) sin sin
2 2
= lim
log cosh æ0 ö = 4 lim x . lim
ç form ÷ x®0 x®0 x
h ®0 log(1 + h 2 ) è0 ø ´2 ´2
2 2
- tan h x x
= lim = -1 / 2 sin sin
h ®0 2h /(1 + h 2 ) 2 2
= lim x . lim =1× 1=1
x®0 x®0 x
f (0 + h ) - f ( 0) h log cosh
Rf ¢( 0) = lim = lim 2 2
h ®0 h h ®0 h log(1 + h 2 ) 15. (d) |x – a| is not differentiable at x = a.
log cos h æ0 ö Also tan x is not differentiable if
= lim ç form ÷ p
h ®0 log(1 + h 2 ) è 0 ø x = (2k + 1) , k Î I
2
- tan h -1 \ In the interval (0, 2), f(x) is not derivable at
= lim =
2 2
h ®0 2h /(1 + h ) p
x = 0.5, x = 1 and x =
Since Lf ¢(0) = Rf ¢(0), therefore f(x) is differen- 2
tiable at x = 0 f ( x + h ) - ( x)
Since differentiability Þ continutity, therefore f(x) 16. (d) We have f '( x ) = lim
iscontinuous at x = 0. h® 0 h
12. (a) As we know, f ( x ) + f ( h) - f ( x)
A function f (x) is said to be continuous at a = lim
point x = a iff h® 0 h
lim f (x) = f (a), otherwise not continuous. f ( h) h2 g ( h )
x ®a = lim = lim = 0.g (0) = 0
Thus f (x) is continuous at x = a iff h ®0 h h ®0 h
lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (a) [ Q g is continuous therefore lim g ( h ) = g ( 0 ) ]
h ®0
x ®a - x ®a + 17. (a) Given
ì 1/ x f (a - h) - f (a)
Since, f (x) = í5 , x < 0 and l Î R f '( a ) = lim = 0 … (1)
îl[x], x ³ 0 h ®0 -h
 EBD_7588
302 Mathematics Objective MCQs

f (-a - h) - f (-a) ì ax - 2
Now f '( - a - ) = lim -2 < x < - 1
h ®0 -h ïï
- f (a + h) + f (a) 20. (a) f ( x ) = í -1 -1 £ x £ 1
= lim ï
h ®0 -h ïîa + 2 ( x - 1)
2
1< x < 2
[Q f (x) is odd function]
if f(x) is continuous at x = – 1
- f (a - h) + f (a )
= lim
h ®0 -h then, lim (ax - 2) = lim ( -1)
x ®-1 x ®-1
[Q f (2a - x) = f ( x) Þ f (a + x) = f ( a - x)] Þ a(– 1) – 2 = – 1 Þ a = -1
f ( a - h) - f ( a ) if f(x) is continuous at x = 1
= lim = 0 [From (1)]
h ®0 h
then, lim a + 2(x - 1) 2 = lim - 1
18. (a) Given, f(xy) = f(x). f(y) for all x, y, ...(1) ® x 1 ®x 1
f(x) is continuous at x = 2, Þ a + 2 (1 – 1)2 = –1 Þ a = -1
i.e., Lt f (x ) = f (2) ...(2)
x ®2 ì x2
Let a ¹ 0 ï , x¹0
21. (b) f ( x) = í x
æ ah ö ï x=0
Now, Lt f ( x ) = Lt f ç ÷ î 0
x ®a h ®2 è 2 ø
ì x2
é ah 2x ù ï = x, x > 0
êputting x = 2 so that h = a ú
ë û ïï x
= í0, x=0
ï 2
æa ö æaö æa ö ï x = - x, x < 0
= f ç ÷ Lt f ( h ) = f ç ÷ . f (2) = f ç .2 ÷ = f (a )
è 2 ø h® 2 è2ø è2 ø ïî - x
Hence, f(x) is necessarily continuous at x = a for
all a ¹ 0. Now, lim– f ( x ) = xlim
®0
( -x) = 0
x ®0
At x = 0, f(x) may or may not be continuous
Hence f(x) is not necessarily continuous in lim f ( x ) = lim ( x ) = 0
(– ¥, +¥). x ® 0+ x ®0
and f (0) = 0
19. (c) We have, y = t10 + 1 \ dy = 10t 9 So, f (x) is continuous at x = 0
dt Also, f (x) is continuous for all other values of x.
Hence, f (x) is continuous everywhere.
8 dx
and x = t + 1 Þ = 8t 7 22. (c) If f(x) is differential everywhere then | f | is
dt not differentiable at some point, so, f | f | is not
dy differentiable at some point.
dy dt 10t 9 5 t 10 5( y - 1) [Example: f(x) = x is differentiable everywhere but
\ = = 7 = | f(x) | = | x | is not differentiable at x = 0]
dx dx 8t 4 t 8 = 4( x - 1) …(i)
dt f (1 + h) - f (1)
23. (c) f '(1) = lim ;
Differentiate (i) with respect to x, we get h®0 h
dy As function is differentiable so it is continuous
( x - 1). - ( y - 1)
d2y 5 dx f (1 + h)
\ = . as it is given that lim
dx 2 4 ( x - 1)2 h®0 h
= 5 and hence f (1) = 0
5 1 é dy ( y - 1) ù
= . - f (1 + h)
4 ( x - 1) êë dx ( x - 1) úû Hence f '(1) = lim =5
h®0 h
5 1 é 5 ( y - 1) ( y - 1) ù 24. (b) Suppose, there are two points x1 and x2 in
= . ê . - ú [Putting (i) ]
4 ( x - 1) ë 4 ( x - 1) ( x - 1) û (a, b) such that f '(x1) = f '(x2) = 0. By Rolle's
theorem applied to f ' on [x1, x2], there must be a
5 ( y - 1) æ5 ö 5 t10 5
= . ç - 1÷ = . 8 2 =
4 ( x - 1) 2 è 4 ø 16 (t ) 16t 6 c Î ( x1, x2 ) such that f ''(c) = 0. This contradicts
Continuity and Differentiability 303

the given condition f ''( x ) < 0, " x Î (a, b). p mp

Þ sin +n = +1
Hence, our assumption is wrong. Therefore, there 2 2
can be atmost one point in (a, b) at which f '(x) is mp
Þ 1+ n = +1
zero. 2
25. (d) f (g(x)) = f (1 – | x |) = -1 + | x | +1 mp
Þ n=
Let fog = y 2
28. (b) First we check continuity at x = 2
{x, x ³ 0
\ y = -1 + | x | +1 Þ y = - x, x < 0 L. H. L = lim f (2 – h) = lim 3 (2 – h) – 2
h ®0 h ®0

LHL at (x = 0) = xlim (- x) = 0 = hlim

®0
4 – 3h = 4
®0

RHL at (x = 0) = xlim ( x) = 0 R. H. L. = hlim

®0
f (2 + h) = hlim
®0
(2 + h)2 = 4
®0
When x = 0, then y = 0 Also, f (2) = (2)2 = 4
Hence, LHL at (x = 0) = RHL at (x = 0) = value of Since, L. H. L = R. H. L = f(2)
y at (x = 0) \ f (x) is continuous at 2.
Hence y is continuous at x = 0. Now, we check for differentiability
Clearly at all other point y continuous. Therefore, L. H. D at x = 2 R. H. D at x = 2
the set of all points where fog is discontinuous f ¢(x) = 3x – 2 f ¢(x) = x2.
is an empty set. f ¢ (x) = 3 f ¢ (x) = 2x
26. (d) For f (x) to be continuous at x = 0, we should f ¢(x) =3 f ¢(x) =4
have x =2 x =2
Since L. H. D ¹ R. H. D
lim f (x) = f (0) = 12(log 4)3 \ f (x) is not derivable at x = 2
x® 0
29. (c) Let
æ xö
3 çè p ÷ø f ( x ) = an x n + an -1x n -1 + ..... + a2 x 2 + a1 x + a0
æ 4 x - 1ö px2
lim f (x) = lim ç ÷ ´ · which is a polynomial function in x of degree n.
x® 0 x®0 è x ø æ xö æ 1 2ö Hence, f(x) is continuous and differentiable for
çè sin p ÷ø log çè1 + 3 x ÷ø all x.
Let a < b. We are given, f(a) = 0 = f(b).
æ x2 ö By Rolle's theorem, f '(c) = 0 for some value c,
= (log 4)3 · 1 · p · lim ç ÷ a < c < b.
x®0 1 2 1 Hence, the equation
ç x - x 4 + ¼÷
è3 18 ø
= 3p (log 4)3 · Hence p = 4. f '( x ) = nan x n -1 + (n - 1) an -1 x n -2 + ..... + a1 = 0
27. (c) Given function is has atleast one root between a and b.
ì p x4
ïï mx + 1, x £ 2 30. (c) f (x) = 3 , x ¹ 0, f (0) = 0
f (x) = í |x|
ïsin x + n, x > p
ïî 2 x4 3
\ f (x) = 3 = - x 3 = - x if x < 0
p -x
As given this function is continuous at x = .
2 x4 3 3
p æ pö & f (x) = 3 = x = x if x > 0
So, limit of function when x ® = f ç ÷ x
2 è 2ø
ì- x, if x < 0
æ pö ï
Þ lim (sin x + n) = f ç ÷ f ( x ) = í0, if x = 0
p è 2ø
x® + ïx , if x > 0
2 î
æ æp ö ö mp
Þ lim ç sin ç + h ÷ + n ÷ = +1 Clearly f(x) is continuous for all x but not
h ®0 è è2 ø ø 2 differentiables at x = 0
31. (a) Let g(x) = f 3(x)
 EBD_7588
304 Mathematics Objective MCQs

Þ g '( x ) = 3 f 2 ( x ) × f '( x ) dz
= (1 – sinx)
Q f :[2, 7] ® [0, ¥) Þ g : [2, 7] ® [0, ¥) dx
derivative of ln(x + sinx) w.r.t (x + cosx) is
Using Lagrange's mean value theorem on g(x),
we get dy (1 + cos x )
= x + sin x 1 - sin x
g '(c ) =
g (7) - g (2)
, c Î [2, 7] dz ( )( )
5 36. (b) U = x3
( f (7))2 + ( f (2)) 2 + f (2) f (7) dU
Þ 2 f 2 (c ) f '(c) = ( f (7) - f (2)) = 3x2 ...(1)
3 dx
32. (b) f (a) = 0 V= x 2

æ x2 ö ìï ( a - h ) 2 üï dV
lim f ( x ) = lim ç - a ÷ = lim í - aý = 0 = 2x ...(2)
x ®a - x ® a - çè a ÷ h® 0
ø ïî a ïþ
dx
From (1) and (2)
ìï ( a + h )2 üï = 0 dU 3x 2 3
lim
and x ®a + f ( x ) = lim í a - ý dV
=
2x
= x
2
h® 0 ï a
î þï
Hence it is continuous at x = a. ìax 2 + b x < -1
37. (a) Derivative of f(x) = í 2 is
33. (b) Here 1 < x < 3 and in this interval x2 is an î bx + ax + a x ³ -1
increasing functions, thus, 1 < x2 < 9
ì 2ax x < -1
[x2] = 1,1 £ x < 2 = 2, 2 £ x < 3 f '(x) = í
î 2bx + a, x ³ -1
= 3, 3 £ x < 2 = 4, 2 £ x < 5 If f '(x) is continuous everywhere then it is also
= 5, 5 £ x < 6 = 6, 6 £ x < 7 continuous at x = – 1
= 7 7 £ x < 8 = 8, 8 £ x < 3 f ' ( x) x =-1 = – 2a = – 2b + a
2
Clearly, [x2] and also a[x ] is discontinuous and or, 3a = 2b ...(i)
not differentiable at only 7 points, From the given choice
a = 2, b = 3 satisfied this equation.
x = 2, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8
1 1
34. (c) Using Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem 38. (b) lim = = ¥ which does not exist.
Let f(x) be a function defined on [a, b] x ®0 x 0
Hence, statement-1 is incorrect.
f (b) - f (a)
then, f '(c) = ....(i) Now, lim e1 x = e ¥ which also does not exist.
b-a x®0
1 Hence, statement-2 is correct.
c Î [a, b] \ Given f(x) = logex \ f'(x) = 39. (c) Since [x3 ] is not continuous and differ-
x
entiable at integral points. So f (x) is continuous
1 f (3) - f (1) and differentiable in [4, 6]
\ equation (i) become =
c 3 -1
é 3ù
Þ
1 log e 3 - log e 1 log e3
= = if ê ( x - 2) ú = 0 Þ a ³ 64
c 2 2 ëê a ûú
2 40. (a) f(–1) = b(1 – 1) + 1 = 1; lim f (-1 + h) = 1
Þ c= Þ c = 2 log3e h® 0
log e 3
lim f ( -1 - h) = lim sin(p(-1 - h) + pa)
ln ( x + sin x ) = y
1 h ®0 h ®0
35. (a) (say)
= sin(-p + pa) = - sin pa
dy 1
= x + sin x (1 + cos x ) æ 3p ö
dx ( ) For continuous sin pa = –1 = sin ç 2np + ÷
è 2 ø
(1 + cos x ) 3p 3
= x + sin x Þ pa = 2np + Þ a = 2n +
( ) 2 2
x + cosx = z (say)
Continuity and Differentiability 305

3 é xù
Hence, a = 2n + , n Î I and b Î R. ê 2cos ú
2 y = cot -1 ê 2 = cot -1 æ cot x ö = x
ú çè ÷
1 ê 2sin x ú 2ø 2
41. (c) t = is discontinuous at x = 1.
x -1 ë 2û
1 dy 1
Also y = 2 is discontinuous at t = – 2 =
t +t -2 dx 2
and t = 1 ìïx 2 , x ³ 0
When t = -2,
1
= -2 Þ x =
1 44. (a) f : R ® R, f (x) = í
ïî- x , x < 0
x -1 2
For continuity at x = 0
1
When t = 1, Þ x=2 f (0 – 0) = lim f (0 - h)
x -1 h ®0
So, y = f(x) is discontinuous at three points
= lim [(0 - h)] = lim h = 0
1 h ®0 h ®0
x = 1, , 2
2 f (0 + 0) = lim f (0 + h) = lim (0 + h) 2 = 0
42. (c) Given that f(x) = |1 – x| h®0 h®0
and f (0) = 0
ì x - 1, x >1
f(x) is continuous at x = 0
ï 1 - x, 0 < x £1
ï For differentiability at x = 0
\ f (| x |) = í
ï 1 + x , -1 £ x £ 0 -(- h) - 0 h
lim = lim = = -1
ïî- x - 1, x < -1 h ®0 -h h ®0 - h
Clearly, the domain of sin –1 (f | x|) is [–2, 2]. f (0 + h) - f (0)
Therefore, it is non-differentiable at the points and lim = lim h = 0
h®0 h h®0
{–1, 0, 1}. f (x) is not differentiable at x – 0
é 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ù 45. (b) Given function is defined as :
43. (a) y = cot -1 ê ú
ë 1 + sin x - 1 - sin x û ì p æ 1ö
ï x cos ç ÷ x ¹ 0
f (x) = í è xø
ï0, x =0
é x x x x ù î
ê cos 2 + sin 2 + 2sin cos ú For continuity :
ê 2 2 2 2 ú
ê ú LHS : lim f (x) = RHS lim f (x) = f (0)
x x x x x ®0 x ®0
ê + cos2 + sin 2 - 2sin cos ú
y = cot -1 ê 2 2 2 2 ú æ 1ö
ê ú Þ lim f (x) = lim x p cos ç ÷ = 0
x x x
cos 2 + sin 2 + 2sin cos
x x ®0 x ®0 è xø
ê ú
ê 2 2 2 2 ú æ 1ö
ê ú Þ lim x p cos ç ÷ = 0
x 2 x x x x ®0 è xø
ê - cos + sin 2 - 2sin cos ú
ë 2 2 2 2 û æ 1ö
cos ç ÷ is always a finite quantity if x®0
è xø
é 2 2ù Þ xp = 0
ê æ x xö æ x xö ú
çè cos + sin ÷ + çè cos - sin ÷ which is possible only if p > 0.
-1 ê 2 2ø 2 2ø ú
y = cot ê ú 46. (b) For x ¹ 0 , we have,
2 2
ê æ x xö æ x xö ú x /1+ x x /1+ x
ê çè cos + sin ÷ø - çè cos - sin ÷ø ú f (x) = x +
1
=x+
x /1+ x
= x +1
ë 2 2 2 2 û 1-
1+ x
é x x x xù
cos + sin + cos - sin ú ì x + 1, x ¹ 0
-1 ê 2 2 2 2 For x = 0 , f(x) = 0. Thus, f ( x ) = í
y = cot ê ú x =0
x x x x î 0,
ê cos + sin - cos + sin ú
ë 2 2 2 2û
 EBD_7588
306 Mathematics Objective MCQs

Clearly, lim- f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = 1 ¹ f ( 0). -h

= -1 =
x ®0 x®0
So, f(x) is discontinuous and hence not h
differentiable at x = 0. f (0 + h) - f (0) 2+h-2
47. (a) As f is continuous, RHD : lim = lim =1
h ®0 + h h®0 + h
f (0) = lim f ( x) = lim f (1/ 4 n) Since LHD ¹ RHD
x ®0 n ®¥
So, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
æ 2 1 ö 52. (d) xayb = (x – y)a + b
= lim ç (sin e n ) e- n + ÷ = 0 + 1 = 1.
n ®¥ è 2
1 + 1/ n ø taking log both the sides.
48. (a) Using LMVT in [0, 2]
f (2) - f (0)
( )
log x a yb = log ( x - y )
(a +b )

= f '(c ), where c Î (0, 2) a logx + b logy = (a + b) log (x – y)

2-0 differentiating both sides w.r.t ‘x’.
f (2) + 3
£ 5 Þ f (2) £ 7. a b dy ( a + b ) é dy ù
+ = 1-
2 x y dx ( x - y ) êë dx úû
49. (a) Given f’’ (x) is continuous at x = 0
= lim f ' ' ( x ) = f ' ' (0) = 4 dy é b a + b ù a + b a
x ®0 ê + ú= -
dx ë y x - y û x - y x
2f (x) - 3f (2x) + f (4x) é 0 ù
Now, lim ê 0 form ú dy é bx - by + ay + by ù ax + bx - ax + ay
x ®0 x2 ë û ê ú=
dx ëê y ( x - y) ûú x ( x - y)
2f ' ( x ) - 6f ' ( 2 x ) + 4f ' ( 4 x ) é 0 ù
= lim ê form ú
x®0 2x ë0 û dy é bx + ay ù bx + ay
ê ú=
2f ' ' (x ) - 12f ' ' ( x ) + 16f ' ' (4 x ) dx ë y û x
= lim
x ®0 2 dy y dy y
= ; - =0
[Using L’ Hospital Rule successively] dx x dx x
2f ' ' (0) - 12f ' ' (0) + 16f ' ' (0) 53. (b) For a function to be continuous at a point
= = 12 the limit should exist and should be equal to
2
50. (b) Let x = a Î Q; f (a) =a the value of the function at that point.
f (a+) = 1 – a or a; f (a–) = 1 – a or a Here point is x = 0
continuous at where 1 – a = a Þ a = 1/2 and lim f (x) = lim (x + 1) cot x
Þ continuous at one point. x ®0 x ®0
51. (d) For x ³ 0 1
.x cot x
cot x
lim f ( x) = lim 2 + x = 2 + 1 = 3 = lim (1 + x ) = lim (1 + x ) x
x ®1 x ®1 x ®0 x ®0
For x < 0 1 x
lim
lim f ( x) = lim 2 - x = 2 – 1 = 1 = lim (1 + x ) x x ® 0 tan x = e1 = e
x ®1 x ®1
x ®0
So, lim f ( x ) does not exist. Since limiting value of f(x) = e, when x ®0, f(0)
x ®1
should also be equal to e.
At x = 0 54. (b) f (p/2) = 3. Since f (x) is continuous at x = p/2
RHL : lim+ f (0 + h) = lim 2 + h = 2
h® 0 æ k cos x ö æ pö k
h ®0 Þ lim ç ÷ = f ç 2 ÷ Þ =3Þ k = 6
f (0 - h) = lim 2 - h = 2 x ®p / 2 è p - 2 x ø è ø 2
LHL : hlim
®0 - h®0
f (0) = 2 + 0 = 2. 55. (c) f ( x ) = ( x 2 - 1) | ( x - 1)( x - 2) |
So, RHL = LHL= f (0) ((1 + h)2 -1) | h × (1 + h - 2) | -0
Þ f (x) is continuous at x = 0 f ¢(1+ ) = lim = 0, f ¢(1- )
Differentiability at x = 0 h®0 h
f (0 - h) - f (0) 2+ h-2 ((1 - h) 2 - 1) | -h × (1 - h - 2) | -0
LHD : lim = lim = lim =0
h ®0 - - h h ®0 - -h h ®0 -h
Continuity and Differentiability 307
Hence, it is differentiable at x = 0 60. (c) f(x) = [x3 – 3]
For, f (x) = sin (|x – 1|) – |x – 1| (1.26)3 = 2 – 3 = –1; (1.44)3 = 3 – 3 = 0
sin h - h - 0 Similarly, we can check for other points where
f '( 0 + ) = lim = 0 , f '(0- ) f(x) changes values to 1, 2, 3, 4.
h® 0 h \ Total number of points of discontinuity are '6'.
sin | - h | - | - h | sin h - h
= lim = 0 = lim =0 61. (a) f ( x) = lim (cos 2 x) n
h ®0 -h h ®0 -h n ®¥
Hence, f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
ïì0, 0 £ cos x < 1 ì0, x ¹ n p, n Î I
2
for f(x) = tan(|x – 1|) + |x – 1| =í =í
tan h + h - 0 ïî1, cos 2 x = 1 î1, x = np, n Î I
f '(0+ ) = lim = 2,
h ®0 h Hence, f (x) is discontinuous when x = np, n Î I .
tan | - h | + | -h | tan h + h For this values of q, sinq = 0.
f '(0- ) = lim = lim = -2 62. (d) f (x) = max. {x, x3}
h® 0 -h h® 0 -h
ìx ; x < -1
56. (c) y = log x + y Þ y 2 = log x + y ï 3
ïx ; -1 £ x £ 0
dy 1 dy dy 1 = í
Þ 2y = + Þ = x
ï ; 0 £ x £1
dx x dx dx x(2 y - 1) ï x3 ;
î x ³1
57. (d) (a) lim f ( x ) does not exist.
x ®1 ì1 ; x < -1
ï 2
(b) lim f ( x ) = does not exist. ï3 x ; -1 £ x £ 0
x ®1 \ f ' (x) = í
(c) ï1 ; 0 £ x £1
lim f ( x ) does not exist.
x ®1 ï3 x 2 ; x ³1
î
-1 Clearly f is not differentiable at – 1, 0 and 1.
(d) lim f ( x) = , therefore f(x) has
x ®1 2 2 æ 2x ö
63. (a) Let s = sin -1 ç and t
removable discontinuity at x = 1. è 1 + x 2 ÷ø
1 + x -1
-1 æ 1 - x ö
2
58. (b) lim = cos ç
x ®0 x è 1 + x 2 ÷ø
1 + x -1 1+ x +1 ds
´ We have to find out ; Putting x = tan q , we get
= lim dt
x®0 x 1+ x +1
-1 é 2 tan q ù -1
1 + x -1 s = sin ê 2 ú sin (sin 2q) = 2q
=
lim ë1 + tan q û
= x ® 0 x é 1 + x + 1ù = 2 tan–1 x
ë û
ds 2
1 1 1 \ =
= lim = = dx 1 + x 2
x ® 0 1+ x +1 1+ 0 +1 2
-1 æ 1 - x ö
2 æ 1 - tan 2 q ö
59. (c) Given function is : and t = cos ç ÷ = cos -1 ç ÷
è 1 + x2 ø è 1 + tan 2 q ø
ì3x – 4, 0 £ x £ 2
f (x) = í = cos -1 (cos 2q) = 2 q = 2 tan–1 x
î2x + l, 2 < x £ 9
and also given that f (x) is continuous at x = 2 dt 2
\ =
For a function to be continuous at a point LHL dx 1 + x 2
= RHL = V.F. at that point. f (2) = 2 = V.F. ds ds / dx 2 1 + x2
Þ RHL : lim (2x + l) = 3(2) – 4 \ = = ´ =1
x®2
dt dt / dx 1 + x 2 2
x
Þ lim { 2(2 + h) + l} = 6 – 4 æ 1ö
h®0
64. (a) Let y = çè 1 + ÷ø
x
Þ 4 + l = 2 , Þ l = –2 Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
 EBD_7588
308 Mathematics Objective MCQs

é æ 1ö ù ì sin x, x ³ 0
log y = x êlog ç1 + ÷ ú =í
ë è xø û î – sin x, x < 0
f (0 – h) – f (0)
1 x2 æ 1 ö æ 1ö LHD at x = 0 = lim
Þ y1 ( x ) = ç - ÷ + log çè 1 + ÷ø h ®0 0–h–0
y x +1 è x2 ø x
f (0 – h) – f (0) - sin(–h) – 0
1 æ 1ö = lim = lim = –1
=- + log ç1 + ÷
è xø ......... (1) h ®0 –h h®0 –h
x +1
f (0 + h) – f (x)
Since, y (2) = (1 + 1/2)2 = 9/4 RHD at x = 0 = lim
h ®0 0+h –0
æ 1 3ö
so, y1 (2) = (9/4) çè - + log ÷ø f (0 + h) – f (0) sin (h– 0)
3 2 = lim = lim =1
h ®0 h h®0 h
Again differentiate eq (1) w.r.t (x), we get LHD ¹ RHD
f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
y ( x ) y2 ( x ) – [ y1 ( x )]2 1 1 68. (b) By mean value theorem, there exists a real
= – number c Î (2, 4) such that
( y ( x )) 2
(1 + x ) 2
x ( x + 1)
By putting x = 2, we get f (4) - f (2) f (4) + 4
f '(c) = Þ f '(c) =
4-2 2
y (2) y2 (2) – ( y1 (2)) 2 –1
= Since, f '(c) ³ 6, " x Î [2, 4]
( y (2)) 2 18
f (4) + 4
Now, put value of y (2) and y1(2) \ f '(c) ³ 6 Þ ³6
2 2
æ 9ö æ 1 3ö 1 Þ f (4) + 4 ³ 12 Þ f (4) ³ 8.
Þ y2 (2) = ç ÷ ç - + log ÷ -
è 4ø è 3 2ø 8 69. (d) We have lim f ( x) = lim sin(log e | - h |)
4 2 x ®0 - h® 0
æ 1ö æ 3 1ö
çè y2 (2) + ÷ø = 9 çè log – ÷ø = lim sin(log e h)
8 2 3 h ®0
Þ Required expression = 3 which does not exist but lies between –1 and 1.
1 Similarly, lim f ( x) lies between –1 and 1 but
65. (b) We have, f(x) = . x ® 0+
1- x cannot be determined.
As at x = 1, f(x) is not defined, x = 1 is a point of 70. (d) Let y = log x
discontinuity of f(x).
1 -1 2 ( -1) n -1 ( n - 1)!
æ 1 ö 1 x -1 Þ y1 = , y2 = 2 , y3 = 3 , ...., yn =
If x ¹1, f [f(x)] = f çè ÷ø = = x x x xn
1- x 1 - 1/ (1 - x) x x
æ 1ö
\x = 0, 1 are points of discontinuity of f [f(x)] . 71. (a) Let y = çè 1 + ÷ø
If x ¹ 0, x ¹1 x
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
æ x - 1ö 1
f[f { f(x) }] = f çè ÷ø = =x. é æ 1ö ù
x (x - 1) log y = x êlog ç1 + ÷ ú
1- ë è xø û
x
66. (c) f(x) = |x – 1| 1 x2 æ 1 ö æ 1ö
Redefined the function f(x) Þ y1 ( x ) = ç - ÷ + log çè 1 + ÷ø
y x +1 è x2 ø x
ì1 - x, x < 1
f(x) = í 1 æ 1ö
î x - 1, x > 1 = - + log ç1 + ÷
è xø ......... (1)
x +1
2
Since, y (2) = (1 + 1/2) = 9/4
ì -1; x < 1
f ¢ (x) = í1; x >1 æ 1 3ö
î so, y1 (2) = (9/4) çè - + log ÷ø
\ f ¢ (2) = 1 3 2
67. (a) Given function is : f (x) = sin |x| Again differentiate eq (1) w.r.t (x), we get
ì sin(x), x ³ 0 y ( x ) y 2 ( x ) – [ y1 ( x )]2 1 1
=í = –
îsin(–x), x < 0 ( y ( x )) 2
(1 + x ) 2
x ( x + 1)
Continuity and Differentiability 309
By putting x = 2, we get
æ ìx if x ³ 0ö
y (2) y2 (2) – ( y1 (2)) 2 –1 çèQ | x | = í - x if x < 0÷ø
= î
( y (2)) 2 18
Now, put value of y (2) and y1(2) f (0 - h) - f (0)
\ LHD = f '(0- ) = lim
2 h®0 -h
æ 9ö æ 1 3ö 1
Þ y2 (2) = ç ÷ ç - + log ÷ - f ( - h) - f (0)
è 4ø è 3 2ø 8 = lim
h® 0 -h
4 2
æ 1ö æ 3 1ö -h
çè y2 (2) + ÷ø = 9 çè log – ÷ø -0
8 2 3 1+ | - h |
Þ Required expression = 3 = lim
h® 0 -h
(2 sin x ) 2n -h
72. (c) We have, f ( x ) = lim -0
n ® ¥ 3n - (2 cos x ) 2 n 1
= lim + h
1 = lim =1
(2sin x)2n h® 0 -h h® 0 1 + h
= lim
n ®¥ ( 3)2n - (2 cos x)2n and RHD = f '(0+ )
f(x) is discontinuous when f (0 + h) - f (0)
= lim
2n 2n h
( 3) - (2 cos x ) =0 h®0
h
3 p -0
i.e. cos x = ± Þ x = np ± (n Î I) 1 + h 1
2 6 = lim = lim =1
h® 0 h h® 0 1 + h
73. (b) (i) f (x) = sgn (x3 – x)
Here x3 – x = 0 Þ x = 0, – 1, 1 Since, LHD = RHD
Hence, f (x) is discontinuous at x = 0, –1, 1. \ f ( x) is differentiable at x = 0
(ii) If (x) = sgn (2 cos x – 1) Hence, f ( x) is differentiable in ( -¥, ¥).
Here, 2 cos x – 1 = 0
Þ cos x = 1/2 Þ x = 2np + (p/3), 76. (d)
y y = ||x| – 1|
n Î Z ,where f (x) is discontinuous.
(iii) f (x) = sgn (x2 – 2x + 3)
Here, x2– 2x + 3 > 0 for all x.
Thus, f (x) = 1 for all x y = 1/2
Hence continuous for all x.
x' x
74. (c) f ( x) = x3 sin x –2 –1 O 1 2
f '( x) = 3x 2 sin x + x3 cos x y'
f '( x) = 0 Clearly, from the graph, f(x) is non-differentiable
at five points.
Þ 3x 2 sin x + x 3 cos x = 0 77. (c) f (x) = tan x is discontinuous when
Þ x 2 (3sin x + x cos x) = 0 x = (2n + 1)p / 2, n Î I
Þ x = 0, 3sin x + x cos x = 0 ...(1) f (x) = x [x] is discontinuous when x = k , k Î I
Put x = 0 in (1)
3 sinx = 0 Þ sin x = 0 f ( x) = sin[npx] is discontinuous when
f ''(x) = 6x sin x + 3x2 cos x + 3x2 cos x + x3 (- sin x) npx = k , k Î I
Thus, all the above functions have infinite
f ''(0) = 0 number of points of discontinuity.
x | x|
75. (a) Given f ( x ) = But f ( x ) = is discontinuous when x = 0 only..
1+ | x | x
ì x é æ xö æ xö æ xö æ xö ù
ïï1 - x , x < 0 78. (a) F¢( x) = ê f ç ÷ . f ¢ ç ÷ + g ç ÷ g ¢ ç ÷ ú
=í ë è 2ø è 2ø è 2ø è 2ø û
ï x , x³0 Here, g (x) = f ' (x) and g' (x) = f '' (x) = – f (x)
ïî1 + x
 EBD_7588
310 Mathematics Objective MCQs

so F¢( x ) = f çæ ÷ö g çæ ÷ö - f çæ ÷ö g çæ ÷ö = 0
x x x x = lim (0 + h ) 2 + (0 + h )
è 2ø è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2ø h® 0
2
Þ F (x) is constant function so F (10) = 5 = lim h + h = 0
79. (a) f (x) = min {x + 1, | x | + 1} h® 0
Y
Þ f (x) = x + 1 " x Î R y = – x + 1 y=x+1
Þ LHL = RHL = f (0)
Þ f (x) is continuous at x = 0
(0, 1)
Hence, f (x) is differentiable X' X f (0 - h) - f (0)
everywhere for all x Î R. (–1, 0) Now, LHD = lim
Y' h® 0 -h
x x x x x h2 + h
2 cos2
- 2sin cos cos - sin = lim = – lim h + 1 = – 1
2 2 2= 2 2
80. (c) f(x) = h® 0 - h h® 0
2 x x x x x
2 cos + 2sin cos cos + sin
2 2 2 2 2 f (0 + h) - f (0)
æ p xö and, RHD = lim
p h
= tan çè - ÷ø at x = p, f(p) = - tan = –1. h®0
4 2 4 h2 + h
81. (c) Given relation is (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = c2, c > 0. = lim = lim h + 1 = 1
Let x – a = c cos q and y – b = c sin q. Therefore, h®0 h h® 0
Thus, LHD ¹ RHD
dx dy Þ f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0
= -c sin q and = c cos q
dq dq 83. (b) Clearly f(x) is not continuous at x = 0
dy Now f(1) = cos 3
\ = - cot q
dx ìp ü
Differentiating both sides with respect to q, we get lim f ( x ) = lim cos 3 cos í ( - h ) ý = cos 3
x ®1- h ®0 î 2 þ
d æ dy ö d
ç ÷= (- cot q) ìp ü
d q è dx ø d q lim f ( x ) = lim cos 3 cos í ( h ) ý = cos 3
d æ dy ö dx
x ®1+ h ®0 î2 þ
or ç ÷ = cosec 2 q p
dx è dx ø d q Further f(2) = cos 1. cos = 0
2
d2y
or ( - c sin q) = cosec 2 q ìp ü
dx 2 lim- f ( x ) = lim cos 1. cos í (1 - h ) ý
x ®2 h ®0 î2 þ
d2y cosec2 q = lim cos 1. 0 = 0
or =-
dx 2 c h ®0
3 ìp ü
é æ dy ö2 ù 2 lim f ( x ) = lim cos 1. cos í (1 + h ) ý = 0
3 x ®2+ h ®0 î 2 þ
ê1 + ç ÷ ú é 2 ù2
3
êë è dx ø ûú c 1 + cot q 2 2 \ f(x) is continuous at x = 1 and x = 2 both
c (cosec q)
\ = ë û = = -c. 84. (b) Let f ( x ) = x 2 - 2 x + 3
2 3
d y -cosec q -cosec3q
dx2 æ3ö
f ç ÷ - f (1)
which is constant and is independent of a and b. 2
82. (c) Q f (x) = | x | + x2 Since, f '(c) = è ø (given)
3
ìï x 2 + x, x ³ 0 -1
Þ f (x) = í 2
2 9 6
ïî x - x, x < 0 - + 3 - (1 - 2 + 3)
5
Þ 2c - 2 = 4 2 Þc=
LHL = lim f ( x) 3 4
x ® 0- -1
2 2
= lim f (0 - h) = lim ( 0 - h ) - ( 0 - h )
1
e -(e+ h )
h® 0 h®0 85. (c) f (e + ) = lim ( e + h - e)2 -2
2
= lim h + h = 0 h ®0
h® 0 1
-
-2 h
and RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f (0 + h) = lim (h)2 =0×1=0
x®0 h® 0 h ®0
Continuity and Differentiability 311

æ -
1 ö d 2s 1
ç As for h ® 0, - 1 ® -¥ Þ 2 h ® 0 ÷ Þ 2
=
ç h ÷ dt s3
è ø é 1 + x 2 – 1ù
1
-2 h 90. (b) Let y = tan –1 ê ú and u = tan–1 x
f (e - ) = lim (-h)2 = 0´0 = 0 ê x ú
h ®0 ë û
–1
Hence, f (x) is continuous at x = e. Put x = tan q Þ q = tan x
-
1 é 1 + tan 2 q – 1ù
f (e + h) - f (e) h´2 -2 h
-0 Then, y = tan –1 ê ú
f '(e+ ) = lim = lim ê tan q ú
h®0 h h®0 h ë û
1
é sec q – 1ù
2
= tan ê ú
-2 h –1
= lim 2 =1
h ®0 ê tan q ú
1 ë û
f (e - h) - f (0) (-h)2 -0 -2 h é 1 ù
f '(e- ) = lim = lim é sec q – 1 ù ê cos q – 1ú
h®0 -h h®0 -h = tan –1 ê –1
ú = tan ê sin q ú
1 ë tan q û ê ú
-2 h êë cos q úû
= lim 2 = 0.
h ®0 é q ù
Hence, f (x) is non-differentiable at x = e. 2 sin 2
–1 é1 – cos q ù –1 ê 2 ú
86. (c) The function log | x | is not defined at x = 0. = tan ê ú = tan ê q qú
So, x = 0 is a point of discontinuity ë sin q û ê 2 sin , cos ú
Also, for f (x) to be defined; ë 2 2û
log | x | ¹ 0 Þ x ¹ ± 1
æ q ö
Hence, 0, 1, –1 are three points of discontinuity. Q 1 – cos q = 2 sin 2 and
87. (d) Given expression can be written as ç 2 ÷
ç ÷
ç x x
sin x = 2 sin × cos ÷
x +1
é 2 x (2 - 1) ù -1 é 2 - 2x ù
y = tan -1 ê x x +1 ú
= tan ê x x +1 ú
è 2 2ø
ë1 + 2 .2 û ë 1 + 2 .2 û
–1 é qù
= tan -1 (2 x +1 ) - tan -1 (2 x ) = tan ê tan ú
ë 2û
dy 2 x +1 log 2 2 x log 2
Þ = - q tan –1 x
dx 1 + 2 2( x +1) 1 + 2 2 x Þ y= Þy= [Q q = tan–1 x]
2 2
æ dy ö æ 2 1ö æ 1ö
\ç ÷ = (log 2) ç - ÷ = log 2 ç - ÷ u dy 1
è dx ø x =0 è 5 2ø è 10 ø Þ y= ; =
2 du 2
88. (d) Q ln x = loge x, so
x ( x - 2) x ( x - 2) x
log (log x ) 91. (b) Let f ( x ) = = =
f (x) = logx (logex) = 2
x -4 ( x - 2)( x + 2) x + 2
log x Since f (x) is continuous at x = 2
æ 1 ö 1 lim f ( x ) = f ( 2)
log x ç - log ( log x ) . \
è x log x ÷ø x x® 2
Þ f ' (x) = x
2 2 1
(log x )
Þ lim = f ( 2 ) Þ f ( 2) = =
1/ e - 0 1 x ®2 x + 2 4 2
\ f '(e) = = 92. (a) Let
(1) 2 e
f (a) f ( x )
89. (c) h( x ) = = f ( a ) g ( x) - g ( a ) f ( x)
s = t2 +1 g ( a ) g ( x)
ds t d 2s 1 Then,
Þ = Þ =
2 f (a ) f '( x )
( t2 + 1)
dt 2
t +1 dt 3
h '( x) = f (a ) g '( x) - g ( a ) f '( x ) =
g (a ) g '( x)
 EBD_7588
312 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Since, f (x) and g(x) are continuous in [a, b] and
differentiable in (a, b), therefore h(x) is also
95. (c) (a 2 - 2a - 15)eax + (b 2 - 2b - 15)ebx = 0
continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in (a, b). or (a 2 - 2a - 15) = 0 and b 2 - 2b - 15 = 0
So, by mean value theorem, there exists atleast
one real number c, a < c < b for which or (a - 5)(a + 3) = 0 and (b - 5)(b + 3) = 0
i.e., a = 5 or –3 and b = 5 or –3
h (b ) - h ( a )
h '(c) = , \ a ¹ b.
b-a Hence, a = 5 and b = –3 or a = –3 and b = 5
\ h(b) - h(a) = (b - a)h '(c ) ...(i) or ab = –15.
Here, æ1ö
96. (b) 3f ( x ) - 2f ç ÷ = x …(1)
f (a) f (a) f ( a ) f (b ) èxø
h( a ) = = 0, h(b) =
g (a) g (a ) g (a) g (b) 1 æ1ö 1
Put x = , then 3f ç ÷ - 2f ( x) = …(2)
f (a) f (b) x èxø x
\ From Eq. (i), = (b - a ) h '(c ) Solving (1) and (2) , we get
g (a) g (b )
2 3 2
f (a) f '(c) 5f (x ) = 3x + Þ f ' (x ) = - 2
= (b - a ) x 5 5x
g (a) g '(c ) 3 2 1
3
\ f ' ( 2) = - =
93. (b) Here, u = f ( x ) 5 20 2
du d d n –1
Þ = f '( x3 ). ( x3 ) 97. (d) In = [ x n –1 + nx n –1 log x ]
dx dx dx n –1
In = (n – 1)! + nIn – 1 Þ In – nIn–1= (n – 1)!
= (cos( x3 )).3 x 2 = 3 x 2 .cos x3 and v = g ( x 2 ) 98. (b) The function can be continuous only at
dv d those points for which
Þ = g '( x 2 ). ( x 2 ) = (sin x 2 ).(2 x)
dx dx p
sin x = cos x Þ x = np +
= 2 x sin x 2 4
du 1 - sin 3 [(p / 2) - h ]
99. (c) f [( p / 2) - ] = lim
du dx 3 x 2 .cos x3 h ®0 3 cos 2 [(p / 2) - h ]
\ =
dv dv 2 x.sin x 2
1 - cos 3 h 1
dx = lim =
2
h ® 0 3 sin h 2
du 3
Þ = x.cos x3 .cosec x 2 + q[1 - sin{( p / 2) + h}]
dv 2 f [( p / 2) ] = lim
h ®0 [ p - 2{(p / 2) + h}]2
ì x3 - 3 x + 2 q (1 - cosh) q
ï , "x ¹1 = lim =
94. (a) Let f (x) = í ( x - 1)2 h ®0 4h 2 8
ï 1 q 1
î k, "x =1 \p= = Þ p = , q = 4.
and f (x) is continuous. 2 8 2
3/ 2
\ lim f ( x) = k ( a - x) + ( x - b )3 / 2
x ®1 100. (b) y=
a - x + x-b
x3 - 3 x + 2
Þ lim =k ( a - x + x - b )(a - x - a - x x - b + x - b)
x ®1 ( x - 1) 2 =
a - x + x -b
3 x2 - 3 = a -b- a - x x -b
Þ k = lim [By L’Hospitals rule]
x ®1 2( x - 1) dy 1 1
or = x-b - a- x
6x dx 2 a - x 2 x-b
Þ k = lim [By L’Hospitals rule]
x ®1 2 2x - a - b
Þ k=3 =
2 a - x x-b
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 Application of
22
Derivatives
1. The distance of the point on y = x4 + 3x2 + 2x 8. A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at
which is nearest to the line y = 2x – 1 is distance a and b from the sides of the triangle.
2 1 Then the minimum length of the hypotenuse is
(a) (b) 5 (c) (d) 5 5
5 5 2 3
2. The maximum area of a right angled triangle with æ 3 3 ö3 æ 2 2 ö2

hypotenuse h is : (a) ç a2 + b2 ÷ (b) ç a 3 + b3 ÷

ç ÷ ç ÷
è ø è ø
h2 h2 h2 h2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 4 3 3
2 æ 2 2ö æ 3 3ö
3. If the curve y = ax – 6x + b passes through (0, 2) ç a3 + b3 ÷ ç a 2 + b2 ÷
(c) ç ÷ (d) ç ÷
3 è ø è ø
and has its tangent parallel to the x-axis at x = ,
2 9. Th e number of tangents to the curve
then x3/2 + y3/2 = 2a3/2, a > 0, which are equally inclined
(a) a = b = 0 (b) a = b = 1 to the axes, is
(c) a = b = 2 (d) a = b = –1
4. The cost of running a bus from A to B, is ` (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 4
10. The curve y = xex has minimum value equal to
æ bö
ç av + ÷ , where v km/h is the average speed of 1 1
è vø (a) - (b) (c) – e (d) e
the bus. When the bus travels at 30 km/h, the e e
cost comes out to be ` 75 while at 40 km/h, it is ` 11. What is the minimum value of px + qy
65. Then the most economical speed (in km/ h) of (p > 0, q > 0) when xy = r 2 ?
the bus is :
(a) 45 (b) 50 (c) 60 (d) 40 (a) 2r pq (b) 2 pq r

x2 (c) - 2 r pq (d) 2 rpq

5. The function f (x) = monotonically increasing if
ex 12. The number of solutions of the equation
(a) x < 0 only (b) x > 2 only
(c) 0 < x < 2 (d) x Î (–¥, 0) È (2, ¥) æ pö
6. The motion of a particle is described as s = 2 – 3t + 4t3. 3 tan x + x 3 = 2 in ç 0, ÷ . is
è 4ø
What is the acceleration of the particle at the
point where its velocity is zero? (a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 0 (b) 4 unit (c) 8 unit (d) 12 unit (c) 3 (d) infinite
7. If f and g are two increasing functions such that x y
fog is defined, then which one of the following is 13. The straight line + = 2 touches the curve
a b
correct? n n
(a) fog is always an increasing function æxö æyö
ç ÷ + ç ÷ = 2 at the point (a, b) for
(b) fog is always a decreasing function èaø èbø
(c) fog is neither an increasing nor a decreasing (a) n = 1, 2 (b) n = 3, 4, –5
function (c) n = 1, 2, 3 (d) any value of n
(d) None of the above
 EBD_7588
314 Mathematics Objective MCQs
p (a) 0< x < 3 (b) –3< x < 0
14. The function f (x) = 1 + x (sin x) [cos x], 0 < x £
2 (c) 0< x < 9 (d) –3< x < 3
(where [ . ] is G.I.F.) 22. If at any instant t, for a sphere, r denotes the
radius, S denotes the surface area and V denotes
æ pö
(a) is continuous on çè 0, ÷ø dV
2 the volume, then what is equal to?
dt
æ pö
(b) is strictly increasing in çè 0, ÷ø 1 dr 1 dS
2 (a) S (b) r
2 dt 2 dt
æ pö
(c) is strictly decreasing in çè 0, ÷ø dS 1 2 dS
2 (c) r (d) r
dt 2 dt
(d) has global maximum value 2 23. The largest area of a trapezium inscribed in a semi-
15. The function f (x) = 2 log (x – 2) – x2 + 4x + 1 circle of radius R, if the lower base is on the
diameter, is
increases on the interval
(a) (1, 2) (b) (2, 3) (c) (1/2, 3) (d) (2, 4) 3 3 2 3 2
(a) R (b) R
16. Consider the following statements : 4 2
1. f(x) = ln x is an increasing function on (0, ¥).
2. f(x) = ex – x (ln x) is an increasing function 3 3 2
(c) R (d) R 2
on (1, ¥). 8
Which of the above statements is/are correct ? 24. Let f and g be functions from the interval [0, ¥)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 to the interval [0, ¥), f being an increasing and
17. The radius of a circle is uniformly increasing at g being a decreasing function. If f {g(0)} = 0
the rate of 3 cm/s. What is the rate of increase in
area, when the radius is 10 cm ? then
(a) 6p cm2/s (b) 10p cm2/s
2 (d) 60p cm2/s
(c) 30p cm /s (a) f {g( x )} ³ f {g(0)} (b) g{f ( x )} £ g{f (0)}
18. If x cos q + y sin q = 2 is perpendicular to the line (c) f {g(2)} = 7 (d) None of these
x – y = 3, then what is one of the value of q? 25. The equation of one of the tangents to the curve
(a) p/6 (b) p/4 (c) p/2 (d) p/3 y = cos(x +y), -2p £ x £ 2p that is parallel to
19. Let P( x) = a0 + a1 x 2 + a2 x 4 + .... + an x 2n be a the line x + 2y = 0, is
polynomial in a real variable x with (a) x + 2y = 1 (b) x + 2y = p/2
(c) x + 2y = p/4 (d) None of these
0 < a0 < a1 < a2 < .... < an . The function P(x) has
26. The range of the function
(a) neither a maximum nor a minimum
(b) only one maximum f ( x) = 2 x - 2 + 4 - x is
(c) only one minimum
(d) only one maximum and only one minimum (a) ( 2, 10 ) (b) éë 2, 10 )
20. If water is poured into an inverted hollow cone
whose semi-vertical angle is 30°. Its depth (c) ( 2, 10 ù
û (d) éë 2, 10 ùû
(measured along the axis) increases at the rate of
27. What is the slope of the tangent to the curve
1 cm/s. The rate at which the volume of water
y = sin–1 (sin2x) at x = 0 ?
increases when the depth is 24 cm is
(a) 162 cm3/s (b) 172 cm3/s (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 182 cm /s3 (d) 192 cm3/s (c) 2 (d) None of these
21. What is the interval in which the function 28. What is the slope of the tangent to the curve
x = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2 – 2t – 5 at t = 2?
f (x) = 9 – x 2 is increasing? (f (x)>0) (a) 7/6 (b) 6/7 (c) 1 (d) 5/6
Application of Derivatives 315
29. The velocity v of a particle at any instant t moving 37. Find the minimum value of the function
in a straight line is given by v = s + 1 where s
40
metre is the distance travelled in t second. What .
is the time taken by the particle to cover a distance 3x + 8x - 18x 2 + 60
4 3

of 9m? 1 2 4 5
(a) 1 s (b) (log 10) s (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
(c) 2 (log 10) s (d) 10 s
38. Find the angle between the tangent to the curve
30. A lamp is 50 ft. above the ground. A ball is
y2 = 2ax at the points where x = a/2.
dropped from the same height from a point 30 ft.
(a) 180° (b) 90°
away from the light pole. If ball falls a distance
(c) 0° (d) None of these
s = 16t2 ft. in t seconds, then the speed of the
shadow of the ball moving along the ground log(p + x )
39. f (x) = is
1/2 s later is log(e + x )
(a) – 1500 ft/s (b) 1500 ft/s
(a) increasing in [0, ¥)
(c) – 1600 ft/s (d) 1600 ft/s
(b) decreasing in [0, ¥)
31. If an equation of a tangent to the curve, y = cos(x + y),
-1 £ x £ 1 + p, is x + 2y = k then k is equal to : é pù
(c) decreasing in ê0, ú & increasing in
ë eû
p p
(a) l (b) 2 (c) (d)
4 2 ép ö
ê e ,¥÷
32. The approximate value of (0.007)1\3 ë ø
23 27 19 17 é pù ép ö
(a) (b) (c) (d) (d) increasing in ê0, e ú & decreasing in ê , ¥ ÷
120 120 120 120 ë û ëe ø
33. The equation of the normal to the curve 40. The total number of parallel tangents of
y = |x2 – | x|| at x = –2.
(a) 3y = x + 8 (b) x = 3y + 4 f1 ( x) = x2 - x + 1 and f2 ( x) = x3 - x 2 - 2 x + 1 is
(c) y = 2x +8 (d) y = 3x (a) 2 (b) 0
34. If the sub-normal at any point on y = a1 – nxn is (c) 1 (d) infinite
of constant length, then the value of n is 41. How many tangents are parallel to x-axis for the
curve y = x2 – 4x + 3?
1 1 1
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) (a) 1
4 3 2
(b) 2
35. A stone thrown vertically upward satisfies the (c) 3
equation s = 64t – 16t2, where s is in meter and t (d) No tangent is parallel to x-axis
is in second. What is the time required to reach 42. A wire 34 cm long is to be bent in the form of a
the maximum height? quadrilateral of which each angle is 90°. What is
(a) 1s (b) 2s (c) 3s (d) 4s the maximum area which can be enclosed inside
36. If the rate of change in volume of spherical soap the quadrilateral?
bubble is uniform, then the rate of change of (a) 68 cm2 (b) 70 cm2
(c) 71.25 cm 2 (d) 72. 25 cm2
surface area varies as
3 2
43. If f(x) = kx – 9x + 9x + 3 is monotonically
(a) square of radius
(b) square root of radius increasing in every interval, then which one of
(c) inversely proportional to radius the following is correct?
(d) cube of the radius (a) k < 3 (b) k £ 3 (c) k > 3 (d) k ³ 3
 EBD_7588
316 Mathematics Objective MCQs

2 3 1 2 49. Area of the triangle formed by the normal to the

44. At what points of curve y = x + x , the
curve x = e sin y at (1, 0) with the coordinate axes
3 2
tangent makes equal angle with the axis? is :
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 (c) 3/4 (d) 1
æ1 5 ö æ 1ö
(a) ç , ÷ and ç -1, - ÷ 50. If water is poured into an inverted hollow cone
è 2 24 ø è 6ø whose semi-vertical angle is 30°. Its depth
æ1 4ö (measured along the axis) increases at the rate of
(b) ç , ÷ and (–1, 0) 1 cm/s. The rate at which the volume of water
è2 9ø increases when the depth is 24 cm is
æ1 1ö æ 1ö (a) 162 cm3/s (b) 172 cm3/s
(c) ç , ÷ and ç -3, ÷ (c) 182 cm /s 3 (d) 192 cm3/s
è3 7ø è 2ø
51. If f (x) = x ln x, then f (x) attains minimum value at
æ1 4 ö æ 1ö which one of the following points?
(d) ç , ÷ and ç -1, - ÷ (a) x = e–2 (b) x = e
è 3 47 ø è 3ø
45. A curve is represented by the equation x = sec2t (c) x = e –1 (d) x = 2e–1
and y = cot t, where t is a parameter. If the tangent 52. The profit function, in rupees, of a firm selling x
at the point P on the curve where t = p/4 meets items ( x ³ 0) per week is given by
the curve again at the point Q, then | PQ | is equal
P(x) = – 3500 + (400 – x)x. How many items should
to
the firm sell so that the firm has maximum profit?
5 3 5 5 2 5 3 5 (a) 400 (b) 300 (c) 200 (d) 100
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 2 53. The two curves x3 – 3xy2 + 2 = 0 and 3x2y – y3 = 2
46. A function g(x) is defined as (a) cuts at right angle (b) touch each other
1 1 p p
g ( x) = f (2 x 2 - 1) + f (1 - x 2 ) and f '(x) is an (c) cut at an angle
3
(d) cut at an angle
4 2 4
increasing function. Then g(x) is increasing in 54. The fuel charges for running a train are
the interval proportional to the square of the speed generated
in miles per hour and costs ` 48 per hour at 16
(a) (–1, 1)
miles per hour. The most economical speed if the
æ 2 ö æ 2 ö fixed charges i.e. salaries etc. amount to ` 300
(b) çç - 3 , 0 ÷÷ È çç 3 , ¥ ÷÷ per hour is
è ø è ø
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 40
æ 2 2ö 55. If OT is the perpendicular drawn from the origin
(c) çç - , ÷÷ to the tangent at any point t to the curve x = a
è 3 3ø cos3 t, y = a sin3 t, then OT is equal to :
(d) None of these a
(a) a sin 2t (b) sin 2 t
æ xö 2
47. Let g ( x) = 2 f ç ÷ + f (2 - x) and (c) 2a sin 2t (d) 2a
è2ø 56. The difference between greatest and least value of
f ''( x ) < 0"x Î (0, 2). Then g(x) increases in
é 3p ù
(a) (1/2, 2) (b) (4/3, 2) f (x) = 2 sin x + sin 2x, x Î ê0, ú is –
(c) (0, 2) (d) (0, 4/3) ë 2û
ax + b 3 3 3 3
48. If the function y = has turning point (a) (b) -2
( x - 1)( x - 4) 2 2
at P(2, –1), then
(a) a = b = 1 (b) a = b = 0 3 3
(c) +2 (d) None of these
(c) a = 1, b = 0 (d) a = b = 2 2
Application of Derivatives 317
57. A rod AB of length 16 cm. rests between the wall changes, when he is at a distance of 30 m from
AD and a smooth peg, 1 cm from the wall and the foot of the tower, is
makes an angle q with the horizontal. The value
4 2
of q for which the height of G, the mid point of (a) - rad/s (b) - rad/s
the rod above the peg is minimum, is 125 25
(a) 15° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 75° 1
58. The rate of increase of bacteria in a certain culture (c) - rad/s (d) None of these
625
is proportional to the number present. If it doubles
65. If the relation between sub-normal SN and sub-
in 5 hours then in 25 hours, its number would be
tangent ST at any point S on the curve;
(a) 8 times the original
(b) 16 times the original by2 = (x + a)3 is p (SN) = q(ST)2, then the value of
(c) 32 times the original p/q is
(a) 8a/27 (b) 27/8b
(d) 64 times the original
(c) 8b/27 (d) 8/27
59. What is the product of two parts of 20, such that
the product of one part and the cube of the other 66. A lamp of negligible height is placed on the
is maximum? ground l1 away from a wall. A man l2 m tall is
(a) 75 (b) 91 (c) 84 (d) 96 l1
60. If A > 0, B > 0 and A + B = p/3, then the maximum walking at a speed of m/s from the lamp to
10
value of tan A tan B is the nearest point on the wall. When he is midway
1 1 between the lamp and the wall, the rate of change
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 3 in the length of this shadow on the wall is
3 3
5l2 2l2
61. Let f :[a, b] ® R be a function such that for (a) - m/s (b) - m/s
2 5
c Î (a, b), f '(c) = f '(c) = f '''(c) = f iv (c) = f v (c) = 0.
l2 l2
Then (c) - m/s (d) - m/s
2 5
(a) f has a local extremum at x = c
(b) f has neither local maximum nor minimum at 67. Let f '(x) < 0 and g' (x) > 0 for all real x, then
x=c (a) f (g(x + 1)) > f(g (x + 5))
(c) f is necessarily a constant function (b) f(g(x)) < f(g (f(x +2))
(d) it is difficult to say whether (a) or (b) (c) g (f(x)) < g (f (x +2))
62. If at each point of the curve y = x3 – ax2 + x + 1, (d) g (f (x)) > g(f (x – 2))
the tangent is inclined at an acute angle with the 68. Let f(x) be a function defined as follows :
positive direction of the x-axis, then f ( x) = sin( x 2 - 3 x), x £ 0; and 6 x + 5 x 2 , x > 0
Then at x = 0, f(x)
(a) has a local maximum
(a) a > 0 (b) a£ 3 (b) has a local minimum
(c) (d) None of these (c) is discontinuous
- 3£a£ 3
(d) None of these
63. The function f : [0, 3] ® [1, 29], defined by 69. If the line joining the points (0, 3) and (5, –2) is a
f ( x) = 2 x3 - 15x 2 + 36 x + 1, is c
(a) one-one and onto tangent to the curve y = , then the value of c is
x +1
(b) onto but not one-one (a) 1 (b) –2
(c) one-one but not onto (c) 4 (d) None of these
(d) neither one-one nor onto 70. What is the area of the largest rectangular field
64. A man is moving away from a tower 41.6 m high which can be enclosed with 200 m of fencing ?
at a rate of 2 m/s. If the eye level of the man is 1.6 (a) 1600 m2 (b) 2100 m2
m above the ground, then the rate at which the (c) 2400 m 2 (d) 2500 m2
angle of elevation of the top of the tower
 EBD_7588
318 Mathematics Objective MCQs
71. The point in the interval (0, 2p) where 76. The velocity of telegraphic communication is
f (x) = ex sin x has maximum slope is given by v = x 2 log (1/x), where x is the
p p 3p displacement. For maximum velocity, x equals to?
(a) (b) (c) p (d) (a) e 1/2 (b) e –1/2
4 2 2
(c) (2e) –1 (d) 2e –1/2
72. If a circular plate is heated uniformly, its area
expands 3c times as fast as its radius, then the 77. Find the greatest value of the function
value of c when the radius is 6 units, is
sin 2 x é pù
(a) 4 p (b) 2 p (c) 6 p (d) 3 p f ( x) = on the interval ê0, 2 ú
73. The equation of normal to the curve æ pö ë û
sin ç x + ÷
y = (1 + x)y + sin–1 (sin2 x) at x = 0 is è 4ø
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) None of these
(a) x + y = 1 (b) x – y = 1 2 2
(c) x + y = –1 (d) x – y = –1 78. Find the minimum value of e(2x -2x -1)sin x .
74. Two cyclists start from the junction of two (a) 1 (b) 2
perpendicular roads, their velocities being 3 v m/ (c) 0 (d) None of these
minute and 4 v m/minute. The rate at which the 79. The equation of the tangent to the curve
two cyclists are separating is
7 y = e - |x| at the point where the curve cuts the
(a) v m/minute (b) 5 v m/minute line x = 1 is
2
(c) v m/minute (d) None of these (a) e(x + y) = 1 (b) y + ex = 1
75. What is the value of p for which the function (c) y + x = e (d) None of these
80. A ball is dropped from a platform 19.6 m high. Its
sin 3 x
f ( x ) = p sin x + position function is –
3 (a) x = – 4.9t2 + 19.6 (0 £ t £ 1)
p (b) x = – 4.9t2 + 19.6 (0 £ t £ 2)
has an extremum at x = ? (c) x = – 9.8t2 + 19.6 (0 £ t £ 2)
3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 2 (d) x = – 4.9t2 – 19.6 (0 £ t £ 2)

Answer KEYs
1 (c) 9 (b) 17 (d) 25 (b) 33 (a) 41 (a) 49 (b) 57 (c) 65 (c) 73 (a)
2 (d) 10 (a) 18 (b) 26 (d) 34 (d) 42 (d) 50 (d) 58 (c) 66 (b) 74 (b)
3 (c) 11 (a) 19 (c) 27 (a) 35 (b) 43 (c) 51 (c) 59 (a) 67 (a) 75 (d)
4 (c) 12 (a) 20 (d) 28 (b) 36 (c) 44 (a) 52 (c) 60 (b) 68 (b) 76 (b)
5 (c) 13 (d) 21 (b) 29 (b) 37 (b) 45 (d) 53 (a) 61 (d) 69 (c) 77 (a)
6 (c) 14 (a) 22 (b) 30 (a) 38 (b) 46 (b) 54 (d) 62 (c) 70 (d) 78 (a)
7 (a) 15 (b) 23 (a) 31 (d) 39 (b) 47 (d) 55 (b) 63 (b) 71 (a) 79 (d)
8 (b) 16 (c) 24 (b) 32 (a) 40 (d) 48 (c) 56 (c) 64 (a) 72 (a) 80 (b)
Application of Derivatives 319

dy 1
1. (c) y = x4 + 3x2 + 2x \ = 4 x3 + 6 x + 2 On solving (i) and (ii), we get a = and b = 1800
dx 2
Point on curve which is nearest to the line y = 2x – 1 b dC b
is the point where tangent to curve is parallel to Now, C = av + Þ =a- 2
v dv v
given line. Therefore,
4x3 + 6x + 2 = 2 or 2x3 + 3x = 0 or x = 0, y = 0. dC b
Therefore, point on the curve at the least distance = 0 Þ a - 2 = 0 Þ v = b = 3600
from the line y = 2x – 1 is (0, 0). dv v a
1 Þ v = 60 kmph
Distance of this point from line is .
5 x2 x x 2
2. (d) Let base = b Altitude (or perpendicular) 5. (c) f (x) =
x; f ¢ ( x ) = 2x.e - e .x
e
( )
2
= h2 - b2 ex
2
2x - x
1 f ¢(x) =
Area, A = × base × altitude h ex
2 h2 - b 2
ex
as is always positive and for monotonically
1 increasing; 2x – x2 > 0
= ´ b ´ h2 - b2
2 Þ x2 – 2x < 0 Þ x(x – 2) < 0 Þ x Î (0, 2)
dA 1 é 2 b- 2b ù 6. (c) Given rule is :
Þ = ê h - b2 + b . ú Distance, s = 2 – 3t + 4t3
db 2 2 h2 - b2 û
ë ds
Þ Velocity = = -3 + 12t 2
1 é h 2 - 2b 2 ù dt
= ê ú
2 êë h2 - b 2 úû d 2s
Þ Acceleration = = 16t
dA h dt 2
Put =0, Þ b = Since, velocity is zero
db 2 ds
\ = 0 ; Þ 0 = – 3 + 12 t2
1 h h2 h2 dt
Maximum area = ´ ´ h2 - =
2 2 2 4 3 1 d 2s
3. 2
(c) y = ax – 6x + b passes through (0, 2). Þ t== Þ = 16t
12 2 dt 2
dy Acceleration (when velocity is zero)
i.e., 2 = 0 – 0 + b or b = 2 Again, = 2 ax - 6
dx 1
= 16 ´ = 8unit
3 dy 2
At x = , = 3a - 6
7. (a) Product of two increasing function is always
2 dx
Since tangent is parallel to x-axis, an increasing function.
\ fog is always an increasing function
dy 8. (b)
= 0 or 3a – 6 = 0 or a = 2. Hence, a = 2, b = 2.
dx A
b a sec q
4. (c) Let cost C = av +
v
a q P
b y
According to given question, 30 a + = 75 b cosec q
30
… (i) b
q
b x
40a + = 65 … (ii) B C
40
 EBD_7588
320 Mathematics Objective MCQs
From the figure, 10. (a) Let y = xex.
PC = bcosecq and AP = a sec q Differentiate both side w.r.t. ‘x’.
AC = PC + AP dy
Þ = e x + xe x = e x (1 + x )
or AC = bcosecq + a sec q ...(1) dx
d ( AC ) dy
\ = -bcosecq cot q + a sec q tan q Put =0
dq dx
x
Þ e (1 + x) = 0 Þ x = – 1
d ( AC )
For minimum length, =0 d2 y
dq Now, = e x + e x (1 + x ) = e x ( x + 2 )
2
or dx
1/ 3 æ d2 y ö 1
æbö ç 2÷ = +0 > 0
a sec q tan q = bcosecq cot q or tan q = ç ÷ ç dx ÷
èaø è ø( x =-1) e
(b)1/ 3 Hence, y = xex is minimum function and
\ sin q = and 1
a 2 / 3 + b 2/ 3 y min = - .
e
(a)1/3 11. (a) Given that xy = r 2
cos q = ...(2)
a 2 / 3 + b2 / 3 r2
Þ y=
Also, q Î (0, p / 2) x
lim(a sec q + bcosecq) ® ¥ qr 2
q® 0
Let S = px + qy = px +
x
lim (a sec q + bcosecq) ® ¥
and q®p dS qr 2
/2 Þ =p-
1/ 3 dx x2
-1 æ b ö
Therefore, q = tan ç ÷ is a point of minima. dS
èaø = 0 for maximum or minimum.
dx
For this value of q,
qr 2
b a 2/3 + b2/3 a a 2/3 + b2/3 So, 0 = p -
AC = + x2
b1/3 a1/3
[Using (1) and (2)] qr 2 q
Þ x2 = Þ x = ± .r
p p
2/3 2 / 3 3/ 2
= a 2 / 3 + b2 /3 (b 2/ 3 + a 2 / 3 ) = (a + b ) . d 2S 2qr 2
Now, =
Hence, the minimum length of the hypotenuse is dx 2 x3
(a 2 /3 + b2 / 3 )3/ 2 . 2
q d S >0
At x = + .r
9. (b) Given curve is x3/ 2 + y 3/ 2 = 2a3 / 2 ...(1) p dx 2
3 3 dy dy x q
\ x+ y = 0 or =- Hence, S is minimum at x = .r
2 2 dx dx y p
Since the tangent is equally inclined to the axes, r2 p
Þ y= = .r
dy x x q q
= ±1 \- = ±1 or - = -1 .r
dx y y p
\ x= y [Q x > 0, y > 0] q p
Minimum value of px + qy = p. .r+q .r
Putting y = x in (1), we get p q
3 3
2 x3 / 2 = 2 a3 / 2 or x = a . = pq r + pq r = 2r pq
Therefore, x = a and, so, y = a.
Application of Derivatives 321
12. (a) Let f(x) = 3 tan x + x3 – 2. Y y=e
x

Then f '( x) = 3sec2 x + 3x 2 > 0. Hence, f(x)

increases.
y = logx + 1
æpö (0, 1)
Also, f (0) = -2 and f ç ÷ > 0.
è4ø
X¢ X
So, by intermediate value theorem, f (c) = 2 for (1, 0)
æ pö
some c Î ç 0, ÷ .
è 4ø
Hence, f(x) = 0 has only one root.
13. (d) The point (a, b) lies on both the straight line Y¢
n n From the figure it is clear that f¢(x) > 0 on (1, ¥ ).
æxö æyö So both statements (1) & (2) are correct.
and the given curve ç ÷ + ç ÷ = 2.
èaø èbø dr
Differentiating the equation, we get 17. (d) Given =3
dt
dy x n -1 bn Let A = Area of circle = pr2.
= – n . n -1 dA dr
dx a y = 2 p r. = 6pr
\
b x y dt dt
æ dy ö
\ç ÷ = – = the slope of + = 2 dA
è dx øat (a, b) a a b
Now, dt = 6 × 10 × p = 60 p cm2/s
Hence, it touches the curve at (a, b) whatever r =10
may be the value of n. 18. (b) Consider a line
p x cos q + y sin q = 2
14. (a) For 0 < x £ ; [cos x] = 0 Þ y sin q = – x cos q + 2
2
cos q 2
æ pù Þ y = -x +
Hence, f (x) = 1 for all çè 0, ú sin q sin q
2û Þ y = – x cot q + 2cosec q
æ pö On comparing this equation with
Trivially f (x) is continuous on çè 0, ÷ø y = mx + c we get
2 slope of line x cos q + y sin q = 2 is – cotq
This function is neither strictly increasing nor Also, we have a line x – y = 3
strictly decreasing and its global maximum is 1. Þ y=x–3
15. (b) f (x) = 2log (x – 2) – x2 + 4x + 1 Þ f '(x) slope of line x – y = 3 is 1.
Since, both the lines are perpendicular to each
2 other
= – 2x + 4
x-2 \ Product of their slopes = –1
Þ (– cot q) (1) = – 1
é1 - (x - 2)2 ù (x - 1)(x - 3) p
Þ f '(x) = 2 ê x - 2 ú = – 2 Þ cot q = 1 = cot
ëê ûú x-2 4
p
2(x - 1)(x - 3)(x - 2) Þ q=
Þ f '(x) = 4
(x - 2) 2 19. (c) The given polynomial is
\ f '(x) > 0 Þ – 2(x – 1) (x – 3) (x – 2) > 0 p( x) = a0 + a1 x 2 + a2 x 4 + .... +an x2n , x Î R
Þ (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) < 0 Þ x Î(–¥ , 1) È (2, 3) and
Thus, f (x) is increasing on (–¥, 1) È (2, 3). Clearly, 0 < a0 < a1 < a2 < ... < an .
it includes answer (b) and (c). Here, we observe that all coefficients of different
16. (c) f(x) = log x powers of x, i.e., a0, a1, a2, ...., an, are positive.
Also, only even powers of x are involved.
Clearly f(x) is increasing on ( 0, ¥ ) Therefore, P(x) cannot have any maximum value.
f(x) = ex – xlogx Moreover, P(x) is minimum, when x = 0, i.e., a0.
f ¢ ( x ) = e x - ( log x + 1) Therefore, P(x) has only one minimum.
 EBD_7588
322 Mathematics Objective MCQs

20. (d) D O B 4
and Volume = V = pr3
3
dV 4 2 dr = 4pr 2 dr
Þ = p.3r
dt 3 dt dt
E O' C
4pr 2 dS 1 dS
30° = . = r
8pr dt 2 dt
A
Let A be the vertex and AO the axis of the cone. D C
Let O'A = h be the depth of water in the cone.
In DAO'C, 23. (a)
O 'C h A qE B
tan 30° = or O ' C = = radius O F
h 3 AD = AB cos q = 2R cos q, AE = AD cos q = 2R cos2 q
V = Volume of water in the cone
1 or EF = AB - 2 AE = 2 R - 4 R cos 2 q
= p(O ' C ) 2 ´ AO '
3 DE = AD sin q = 2 R sin q cos q
1
1 æ h2 ö p 3 Thus, area of trapezium, S = ( AB + CD) ´ DE
= pç ÷ ´ h = h 2
3 çè 3 ÷ø 9
1
dV p 2 dh = (2 R + 2 R - 4 R cos 2 q) ´ 2 R sin q cos q
or = h ...(1) 2
dt 3 dt
But given that depth of water increases at the = 4 R 2 sin 3 q cos q
rate of 1 cm/s. So, dS
dh = 12R 2 sin 2 q cos2 q - 4 R 2 sin 4 q
= 1 cm/s ...(2) dq
dt
2 = 4 R 2 sin 2 q(3cos2 q - sin 2 q)
dV ph
From (1) and (2), = dS
dt 3 For maximum area, = 0 or tan 2 q = 3 or
When h = 24 cm, the rate of increase of volume is dq
dV p(24) 2 tan q = 3
= = 192 cm3/s.
dt 3 3 3 2
(q is acute) or Smax = R
21. (b) f(x) = 9 - x 2 4
24. (b) f ' ( x) > 0 if x ³ 0 and g' ( x ) < 0 if x ³ 0
1 x
f '(x) = ´ (-2x) = - Let h (x ) = f (g( x)) then
2
2 9-x 9 - x2
For function to be increasing h ' (x ) = f ' (g (x )).g' ( x) < 0 if x ³ 0
\ h(x) is decreasing function
x
- >0 \ h (x ) £ h (0) if x ³ 0
9 - x2 \ f (g(x )) £ f (g(0)) = 0
or – x > 0 or x < 0 But codomain of each function is [0, ¥ )
but 9 - x 2 is defined only when \ f (g(x )) = 0 for all x ³ 0 \ f (g(x )) = 0
9 – x2 > 0 or x2 – 9 < 0 Also g(f (x)) £ g(f (0)) [as above]
(x + 3) (x – 3) < 0
i.e. – 3 < x < 3 25. (b) y = cos( x + y) …(1)
–3 <x< 3Çx< 0 Þ –3< x<0 dy ì dy ü
22. (b) Surface area of sphere S = 4pr2 \ = - sin( x + y ) í1 + ý
dx î dx þ
Differentiate both sides w.r.t. t’
dS 8prdr sin( x + y ) 1
Þ = =- =-
dt dt 1 + sin( x + y ) 2
Application of Derivatives 323

Þ sin(x + y) = 1 , so cos( x + y) = 0 At time t, ball drops 16t2 ft. distance. Therefore,

p y = 50 – 16t2 ...(1)
\ from (1) y = 0 and ( x + y) = 2np + Point A is the position of the falling ball at some
2 time t. So,
æp ö p dy
= -32t
Tangent at ç , 0 ÷ is x + 2 y = dt
è 2 ø 2
26. (d) Clearly, domain of the function is [2, 4]. Now, y 50
From the figure, tan q = = or
1 1 x 30 + x
f '( x ) = - æ 50 ö
x-2 2 4-x y =ç ÷× x
è 30 + x ø
f '(x) = 0 or x - 2 = 2 4 - x dy d æ 50 x ö = 1500 × dx
18 \ = ç ÷
or x – 2 = 16 – 4x or x= dt dt è 30 + x ø (30 + x) 2 dt
5
Now, dx (30 + x )2
or = (-32t )
dt 1500
æ 18 ö 18 18
f (2) = 2, f ç ÷ = 2 -2 + 4- = 10, 1
è ø5 5 5 When f = , y = 46 [using (1)]
2
f (4) = 2 2 and x = 345 [using (2)]
2
Hence, range of the function is [ 2, 10]. dx (375)
\ = -16 = -1500 ft/s
Also, here x = (18/5) is the point of global maxima. dt 1500
27. (a) y = sin–1 (sin2x) 31. (d) Let y = cos (x + y)
dy 2sin x cos x dy sin 2x dy æ dy ö
= Þ = Þ = - sin ( x + y ) ç1 + ÷ ...(1)
dx 4
1 - sin x dx 1 - sin 4 x dx è dx ø
Now, given equation of tangent is x + 2y = k
dy
at x = 0, =0 -1 dy -1
dx Þ Slope = So, = put this value in (1),
2 dx 2
dx dy we get
28. (b) = 2t + 3 , = 4t - 2
dt dt -1 æ 1ö
dy dy dt 4t - 2 = - sin ( x + y ) ç1 - ÷ Þ sin (x + y) = 1
= 2 è 2ø
=
dx dx dt 2t + 3 p p
Þ x+ y = Þ y = - x
dy 4 ( 2) - 2 6 2 2
slope at t = 2 = /t =2 = =
dx 2 ( 2) + 3 7 p
Now, - x = cos (x + y) Þ x = and y = 0
p
29. (b) Given velocity is v = s + 1 2 2
ds p
Since, velocity = Thus x + 2y = k Þ = k
dt 2
ds ds 1 –2/3
\ = s +1 Þ = dt 32. (a) Let f (x) = x1/3 Þ f '(x) = x
dt s +1 3
Integrate both side we get Dx
log (s + 1) = t Now f (x + Dx) – f (x) = f '(x)×Dx =
At s = 9 m, 3( x 2 / 3 )
t = log (10) second We may write, 0.007 = 0.008 – 0.001, taking. x
30. (a) = 0.008 and dx = – 0.001.
0.001
A we have f (0.007) – f (0.008) = –
3(0.008) 2 / 3
50 ft
y 0.001
Þ f (0.007) – (0.008)1/3 = –
3(0.2) 2
q
30 ft. x
 EBD_7588
324 Mathematics Objective MCQs

0.001 1 23 ds dr 8pr 2 dr
Þ f (0.007) = 0.2 – = 0.2 – = (2) Þ = 4p × 2 × r =
3(0.04) 120 120 dt dt r dt
23 2é 2 dr ù 2 dv
Hence (0.007)1/3 = = ê 4pr = (from 3)
120 rë dt úû r dt
33. (a) In the neighbourhood of x = –2, y = x2 + x.
Hence, the point on curve is (–2, 2). 1
37. (b) Let y = (3x4 +8x3 –18x2 +60)
dy dy 40
= 2 x + 1 or = -3 dy 1
dx dx x =-2 Þ = (12x3 + 24x2 –36x)
dx 40
1
So, the slope of the normal at (–2, 2) is . d2 y 1
3 and = (36x2 + 48x – 36)
Hence, the equation of the normal is dx 2 40
1 dy
( x + 2) = y - 2 or 3y = x + 8. Now = 0 Þ x3 +2x2 – 3x = 0
3 dx
dy or x(x–1)(x+3) = 0 or x = 0, 1 , –3
34. (d) y = a1- n x n or = a1- n nx n -1
dx d2 y
At x = 0, = –36 < 0 \ y is maximum at x = 0
dy
= ya1- n nx n-1 dx 2
Sub-normal = y
dx Þ The given function i.e. 1 is minimum at x = 0
y
= a1- n x n a1- n nx n-1 = a 2-2n x2n-1
40 2
which is constant if 2n – 1 = 0 or n = 1/2. \ minimum value of the function = =
35. (b) Given equation is s = 64t – 16t2 60 3
\ On differentiating w.r.t. t, we get 38. (b) We have, y2 = 2ax ..(i)
a
Put x = ; y2 = 2a æç ö÷ Þ y = ± a
ds a
= 64 - 32t 2
dt è 2ø
ds æa ö æa ö
Put = 0 for maximum height \The points are çè , a ÷ø and çè , -a ÷ø
dt 2 2
Þ 64 – 32t = 0 Differentiating (i) with respect to x, we get
Þ t=2
dy dy a
d 2s 2y = 2a Þ =
Now, = -32 dx dx y
dt 2 æ a ö dy a a
d 2s At çè , a ÷ø ; = = = 1 = m1 (say)
= -32 2 dx y a
At t = 2,
dt 2 æa ö dy a a
æ d 2s ö At çè , -a ÷ø ; = = = –1 = m2 (say)
<0
2 dx y -a
Since, ç ÷
è dt 2 ø t = 2 Since m1m2 = – 1, the two tangents are at right
\ Required time = 2 second angles.
39. (b) We have e < p and
4 3
36. (c) Let volume = V = pr ...(1) 1
log( e + x ) -
1
log( p + x )
3
and surface area = S = 4pr2 ...(2) f ¢( x ) = p + x e+ x
{log(e + x )}2
dv 4 2 dr
Now, (1) Þ = ´ 3pr ´ (e ∗ x) log(e ∗ x) , (p ∗ x) log(p ∗ x)
dt 3 dt <
dr (p ∗ x)(e ∗ x){log (e ∗ x)}2
2
= 4pr ...(3) In [0, ¥), denominator > 0 and numerator < 0,
dt since,
e + x < p + x. Hence, f(x) is decreasing in [0, ¥).
Application of Derivatives 325
40. (d) Here,
or 2 x 2 + x - 1 = 0 (2x2 + x + 1 = 0 has no real roots)
f1 ( x) = x2 - x + 1 and f2 ( x) = x3 - x 2 - 2 x + 1 1
or (2 x - 1)( x + 1) = 0 i.e., x = or x = –1.
or f1 '( x1 ) = 2 x1 - 1 and f2 '( x2 ) = 3x22 - 2 x2 - 2 2
Let the tangents drawn to the curves y = f1 ( x) 45. (d) Q
and y = f 2 ( x ) at ( x1 , f1 ( x1 )) and ( x2 , f 2 ( x2 )) (2, 1)
be parallel. Then P
2 x1 - 1 = 3x22 - 2 x2 - 2 or 2 x1 = (3x22 - 2 x2 - 1) Eliminating t gives y2 (x – 1) = 1.
So, which is possible for infinite numbers of Equation of the tangent at P(2, 1) is x + 2y = 4.
ordered pairs. So, there are infinite solutions. Solving with curve x = 5 and y = –1/2, we get
41. (a) Let y = x2 – 4x + 3
Differentiate both sides w.r.t. ‘x’ 3 5
Q º (5, - 1/ 2) or PQ =
dy 2
= 2x - 3
dx 46. (b) g '( x ) = xf '(2 x - 1) - xf '(1 - x 2 )
2
So, slope = 2x – 3
Since, tangent is || to x-axis = x( f '(2 x 2 - 1) - f '(1 - x 2 ))
\ slope = 0 g'(x) > 0
dy
= 0 Þ 2x – 3 = 0 Þ x =
3 If x > 0, 2 x 2 - 1 > 1 - x 2 (as f ' is an increasing
Þ
dx 2 function)
Þ one tangent æ 2ö æ 2 ö
42. (d) Let one side of quadrilateral be x and or 3 x 2 > 2 or x Î çç -¥, - ÷÷ È çç , ¥ ÷÷
another side be y è 3ø è 3 ø
so, 2(x + y) = 34
or, (x + y) = 17 ...(i) æ 2 ö
or x Î çç , ¥ ÷÷
We know from the basic principle that for a
given perimeter square has the maximum area, è 3 ø
If x < 0, 2x2 – 1 < 1 – x2
so, x = y and putting this value in equation (i)
17 æ 2 2ö æ 2 ö
x=y= or 3 x 2 < 2 or x Î çç - , ÷÷ or x Î çç - , 0 ÷÷
2 è 3 3ø è 3 ø
17 17 289 æ xö
Area = x . y = ´ = = 72.25
2 2 4 47. (d) We have g '( x ) = f ' ç ÷ - f '(2 - x)
è2ø
43. (c) Given f ( x ) = kx3 - 9 x 2 + 9 x + 3
Given f ''( x ) < 0"x Î (0, 2)
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
So, f '(x) is decreasing on (0, 2).
f ¢ ( x ) = 3kx2 - 18 x + 9
For a function to be monotonically increasing. x æ xö
Let > 2 - x or f ' ç ÷ < f '(2 - x ).
b 2 - 4ac < 0 2 è2ø
Here, a = 3k, b = – 18, c = 9 4
2 Thus, "x > , g '( x ) < 0.
\ b 2 - 4 ac = ( -18 ) - 4 ( 3k )( 9 ) 3
= ( -18 )( -18 ) - ( 3k )18 ´ 2 æ4 ö
Therefore, g(x) decreasing in ç , 2 ÷ and
Þ 36 - 12k < 0 Þ k > 3 è3 ø
44. (a) æ 4ö
increasing in ç 0, ÷ .
2 1 dy 2 2 1 è 3ø
y = x3 + x 2 \ = 3 x + 2 x = 2 x2 + x
3 2 dx 3 2 ax + b ax + b
Since the tangent makes equal angles with the 48. (c) y = = has turning
( x - 1)( x - 4) x 2 - 5 x + 4
axes.
point at P(2, –1).
dy
\ = ±1 or 2 x 2 + x = ±1 Thus, P(2, –1) lies on the curve. Therefore,
dx 2a + b = 2 ...(1)
 EBD_7588
326 Mathematics Objective MCQs

dy 51. (c) Let f(x) = x ln x

Also, = 0 at P(2, –1). x
dx f ' ( x ) = + ln x = 1 + ln x
x
dy a ( x 2 - 5 x + 4) - (2 x - 5)(ax + b ) Put f’(x) = 0 Þ 1 + ln x = 0
Now, = .
dx ( x 2 - 5 x + 4) 2 Þ ln x = – 1Þ x = e–1
dy -2a + 2a + b 1
At P(2, –1), = =0 Now, f ¢¢ ( x ) =
dx 4 x
or b = 0 or a = 1 [From equation (1)]. 1
f ¢¢ ( x ) = =e>0
1 dx x =e -1 -1
49. (b) x = e
sin y
Þ ln x = sin y Þ = cos y e
x dy Hence, f(x) attains minimum value at x = e–1.
\ slope of normal at (1, 0) 52. (c) P(x) = – 3500 + (400 – x) x = – 3500 + 400x – x2
dx On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
=- = -1´ cos 0 = -1 P¢ (x) = 400 – 2x
dy Put P¢ (x) = 0 for maxima or minima
\ Equation of normal is y – 0 = –1 (x – 1) Þ 400 – 2x = 0
Þ x+ y= 1 Þ x = 200
1 Now P¢¢ (x) = – 2x
Which forms triangle of area with axes. Þ P¢¢ (200) = – 400 < 0
2 \ P (x) is maximum at x = 200
50. (d) D O B Hence 200 items should the firm sell so that the
firm has maximum profit.
53. (a) Two curves cuts at right angle if product of
their slopes is –1.
E O' C Two given curves are
x3 – 3xy2 + 2 = 0 ......... (i)
30° and 3x2y – y3 – 2 = 0 ........ (ii)
Differentiate equ. (i),
A é dy ù
Let A be the vertex and AO the axis of the cone. 3x 2 - 3ê y 2 + 2 xy ú = 0
Let O'A = h be the depth of water in the cone. ë dx û
In DAO'C, dy
O 'C h Þ 3(x 2 - y 2 ) = 6xy
tan 30° = or O ' C = = radius dx
h 3 2 2
V = Volume of water in the cone dy 3(x - y )
Þ m1 = =
1 dx 6xy
= p(O ' C )2 ´ AO ' Differentiate equ. (ii),
3
3x2y – y3 – 2 = 0
1 æ h2 ö p 3 é 2 dy ù dy
= pç ÷ ´ h = h Þ 3ê x + 2 xy ú - 3 y 2 =0
3 çè 3 ÷ø 9
ë dx û dx
dV p 2 dh
or = h ...(1) dy dy
dt 3 dt Þ x2 + 2 xy - y 2 =0
dx dx
But given that depth of water increases at the
rate of 1 cm/s. So, dy
Þ (x 2 - y2 ) = -2 xy
dh dx
= 1 cm/s ...(2)
dt dy -2xy
Þ m2 = =
dV ph2 dx (x 2 - y 2 )
From (1) and (2), =
dt 3
When h = 24 cm, the rate of increase of volume is (x 2 - y 2 ) –2xy
\ m1 ´ m 2 = ´
dV p(24) 2 2xy (x 2 - y 2 )
= = 192 cm3/s.
dt 3 Þ m1 ´ m 2 = -1
i.e. curves cuts at right angle.
Application of Derivatives 327
54. (d) Let the speed of the train be v and distance u = 8 sin q –tanq
to be covered be s so that total time taken is s/v du
hours. Cost of fuel per hour = kv2 (k is constant) = 8 cos q - sec 2 q,
Also 48 = k. 162 by given condition dq
3 d 2u
\k= = -8 sin q - 2 sec 2 q tan q
16 dq 2
3 2
\ Cost to fuel per hour v . du 1 1
16 = 0, when cos3q = , cos q = ,
Other charges per hour are 300. dq 8 2
Total running cost ,
æ 3 ös 3s 300 s d2u
C = ç v 2 + 300 ÷ = v + > 0 (atq = 60°), \q = 60°
è 16 øv 16 v dq 2
dC 3s 300 s 58. (c) Let N be the no. of bacteria at time t.
= - = 0 Þ v = 40 Let N0 be the initial original no. of bacteria.
dv 16 v2
d 2 C 600 s d d dN
= > 0 \ v = 40 results in minimum Then, NµN N = kN Þ = kdt
dv 2 v3 dt dt N
running cost.
dN
55. (b)
dy dy / dt
= =
3a sin 2 t cos t
= - tan t
Þ
N ò
= k ò dt Þ log N = kt + c
dx dx / dt - 3a cos 2 t sin t At t = 0, N = N0 Þ log N0 = 0 + c Þ c = log N0
\ equation of the tangent at ‘t’ is
y – a sin3 t = – tan t (x – a cos3 t) N
Þ x tan t + y – a (sin 3 t + sin t . cos2 t) = 0 \ log N = kt + log N0 Þ log = kt
Þ x tan t + y – a sin t = 0 N0
\ distance from the origin to this tangent
æ 2N 0 ö
| -a sin t | a sin t a When t = 5 hrs. N = 2N0 \ log ç = 5k
= = = sin 2t è N0 ÷ø
tan 2 t + 1 sec t 2
56. (c) f (x) = 2 sin x + sin 2x
f ' (x) = 2 cos x + 2 cos 2x = 2 (cos x + cos 2x) log 2 N log 2
Þ k= \ log = t
\ f ' (x) = 0 Þ 2cos2x + cos x – 1 = 0 5 N0 5
-1 ± 3 1 p N log 2
cos x = = -1, \ x = p, When t = 25 hrs, log = ´ 25
4 2 3 N0 5
æ 3p ö
Now, f (0) = 0, f çè ÷ø = -2 N N
2 Þ log = 5log 2 log = log 25
N0 N0
æ pö 3 3 3 3
f (p ) = 0, f ç ÷ = 2 + =
è 3ø 2 2 2 N
Þ = 32 \ N = 32 N0.
\ Difference between greatest value and least N0
value
Therefore, 32 times the original.
3 3 59. (a) Let 20 be divided in two parts such that
= +2 first part = x
2
57. (c) We have AC = secq, AG = 8 \ Second part = 20 – x
\ CG = 8 – secq (C being the peg). Now, assume that
G
P = x3 (20 – x) = 20x3 – x4
D
dP d2P
u Now, = 60x 2 - 4x3 ; and = 120x -12x2
dx dx2
1 q
O P
q C dP
Put = 0 for maxima or minima
dx
A dP
Þ =0
But u = CG sin q = (8 – secq) sinq dx
 EBD_7588
328 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Þ 4x2 (15 – x) = 0 Þ x = 0, x = 15 Thus, f (x) is increasing in [0, 2] and decreasing
æ d Pö 2 in [2, 3]. Therefore f (x) is many-one.
ç 2÷ = 120 ´ 15 - 12 ´ (225) f (0) = 1; f (2) = 29; f (3) = 28
\ è dx ø x =15 Range is [1, 29].
= 1800 – 2700 = – 900 < 0 Hence, f (x) is many-one-onto.
\ P is a maximum at x = 15. \ First part = 15 64. (a) Let CD be the position of man at any time t.
and second part = 20 – 15 = 5 Let BD be x. Then EC = x. Let ÐACE be q.
Required product = 15 × 5 = 75 A
p Given AB = 41.6 m, CD = 1.6 m,
60. (b) We have, A + B = dx
3 and = 2 m/s.
dt 41.6
p 3 - tan A C qx
\B = - A Þ tan B = E
3 1 + 3 tan A 1.6 x
Let Z = tan A. tan B. Then, D B
3 - tan A 3 tan A - tan 2 A AE = AB - EB = AB - CD = 41.6 - 1.6 = 40 m
Z = tan A. =
1 + 3 tan A 1 + 3 tan A dq
We have to find when x = 30 m.
dt
3x - x 2
Þ Z= , where x = tan A AE 40
1 + 3x From DAEC, tan q = =
EC x
dZ ( x + 3 ) ( 3x - 1) d q -40 dx
Þ =- Differentiating w.r.t. to t, sec2 q = 2
dx (1 + 3x ) 2 dt x dt
dZ 1 d q - 40
For max Z, =0Þ x = , - 3. or sec2 q = 2 ´2
dx 3 dt x
d q -80 80 x2
x ¹ - 3 because A+B = p/3 which implies that or = cos 2 q = -
x = tan A > 0. It can be easily checked that dt x2 x 2 x 2 + 40 2
d 2Z 1 80
=- .
< 0 for x = . Hence, Z is maximum x + 402
2
2
dx 3
1 1 dq 80 4
for x = i.e. tan A = or A = p / 6. When x = 30 m, =- 2 2
=- rad/s.
3 3 dt 30 + 40 125
1 65. (c) Here, by2 = (x + a)3
For this value of x, Z = . Differentiating both the sides, we get
3
61. (d) For f (x) = x6 and
dy dy 3 (x + a)2
7
f ( x ) = x , f '(0) = f ''(0) = f '''(0) 2by = 3 (x + a) 2 Þ =
dx dx 2by
= f iv (0) = f v (0) = 0. \ length of subnormal
x = 0 is point of minima for f (x) = x6. dy 3 (x + a)2
But x = 0 is not point of maxima/minima for f (x) = x7. SN = y = \ length of subtangent
dx 2 b
Hence, it is difficult to say anything.
dx 2by 2
dy dy ST = y. = \ p (SN) = q (ST)2
62. (c) = 3 x 2 - 2 ax + 1 Given that ³0 dy 3 (x + a) 2
dx dx
or 3 x 2 - 2ax + 1 ³ 0 for all x or D £ 0 or p (ST) 2 8 b3 y 4 8b
=
Þ q (SN) 27= =
6 27
(x + a)
4a 2 - 12 £ 0 or - 3 £ a £ 3
æ b2 y4 ö
63. (b) f ( x ) = 2 x3 - 15 x 2 + 36 x + 1 çQ = 1÷
è (x + a)6 ø
f '( x ) = 6 x 2 - 30 x + 36 = 6( x - 2)( x - 3)
Application of Derivatives 329
66. (b) Let BP = x. From similar Þ x = 50 Þ y = 50
triangle property, we get
A d2 A
Now, = –2 < 0 , which shows maximum,
AO l2 ll dx 2
= or AO = 1 2 Q indepenent of values of x and y, but only when
l1 x x
l2 they are equal.
d ( AO) -l1l2 dx \ A is maximum at x = 50.
or = 2 B P O Hence, required area = 50 (100 – 50)
dt x dt l1
= 50 × 50 = 2500 m2
l d ( AO) 2l2
When, x = 1 , = m/s. 71. (a) Given f ( x ) = e x sin x
2 dt 5
67. (a) Given, f ¢ (x) < 0 and g ¢ (x) > 0 therefore g (x)
is an increasing function and f ¢ (x) is a decreasing Þ f ¢ ( x ) = e x cos x + e x sin x
function
\ x + 1 < x + 5 Þ g (x + 1) < g (x + 5) Þ slope = e x ( cos x + sin x )
Þ f (g (x + 1)) > f(g (x + 5))
Again x < x + 1 Þ g (x + 1) Þ f (g (x)) > f (g (x + 1)) d
Now, ( cos x + sin x) = 0
x < x + 2 Þ f (x) > f (x + 2) Þ g (f (x)) > g (f (x + 1)) dx
x > x – 2 Þ f (x) < f (x – 2) Þ g (f (x)) < g (f (x – 2)) Þ – sinx + cos x = 0
68. (b) f(0) = sin 0 = 0, f (0+ ) ® 0+ Þ sin x = cos x Þ tan x = 1
p
f (0- ) = lim sin( x2 - 3x) = limsin(h2 + 3h) ® 0+ Þx=
x ®0- h®0 4
+
Thus, f (0 ) > f (0) and f (0- ) > f (0). 72. (a) Let A sq. units in the area measure when
the radius is r units. their A = pr2
Hence, x = 0 is a point of minima.
69. (c) The equation of the line is dA dr
Differentiate both side w.r.t ‘t’ = 2pr
3+ 2 dt dt
y -3 = ( x - 0), i.e., x + y – 3 = 0 ...(i)
0-5
dA dr
c dy -c We have, = 3c
y= or dx = dt dt
x +1 ( x + 1) 2
Let the line touch the curve at (a, b). Then dr dr
From eqn (i), we get 3 c . = 2pr. Þ 3c = 2pr
æ dy ö -c dt dt
a + b - 3 = 0, ç ÷ = = -1, and 2
è øa, b (a + 1)2
dx Now, c = p (6) = 4p when r = 6
3
c 73. (a) At x = 0, y = 1.
b=
a +1 Hence, the point at which normal is drawn is P(0, 1).
c Differentiating the given equation w.r.t. x, we have
\ = 1 or b2 = c or (3 - a)2 = c = (a + 1)2
(c / b) 2 ì dy y ü
(1 + x) y ílog(1 + x) + ý
or 3 - a = ± (a + 1) or 3 - a = a + 1 or a = 1. î dx 1 + x þ
So, c = (1 + 1)2 = 4. dy 1
70. (d) Let length and breadth of rectangular field - + 2sin x cos x = 0
dx 1 - sin 4 x
be x and y respectively
\ 2 (x + y) = 200 Þ y = 100 – x 1 2sin 0
and area, A = xy (1 + 0)1 ´ -
1+ 0 1 - sin 2 0
or æç ö÷
dA dy
= = 1.
= x (100 – x) Q = 100 – 2x è dx ø(0, 1) 1
1 - (1 + 0) log1
dx
dA \ Slope of the normal = –1.
Put = 0 for maxima or minima Therefore, equation of the normal having
dx
slope –1 at point P(0, 1) is given by
100 – 2x = 0
y – 1 = –(x – 0) or x + y = 1.
 EBD_7588
330 Mathematics Objective MCQs
74. (b) At time t, the distance z between the
That is f (y) is increasing for all y Î [1, 2 ]
cyclists is given by z 2 = (3vt )2 + (4vt )2
dz Thus it attains the greatest value at 2 and is
\ z = 5vt Þ = 5v
dt æ ( 2 )2 -1 ö
sin 3x equal to 2 ç ÷ =1
ç ÷
75. (d) Let f ( x ) = psin x + è 2 ø
3 Hence, greatest value of f(x) on [0, p/2] = greatest
Differentiate both side w.r.t (x).
value of f(y) on [1, 2 ] = 1.
3cos 3x (2x 2 - 2x -1)sin 2 x andu=(2x2 –2x–1) sin2 x
Þ f´( x ) = p cos x + = p cos x + cos 3x 78. (a) Lety= e
3
It is given that f (x) has extremum value at x = p/3 du
Now = (2x2 – 2x – 1) 2 sin x cosx + (4x – 2) sin2
æp ö p dx
\ f ¢ ç ÷ = 0 Þ p cos + cos p = 0 x = sin x [2(2x2 – 2x) cos x + (4x – 2) sin x]
è3ø 3
du
p = 0 Þ sinx = 0 Þ x = np
Þ -1 = 0 Þ p = 2 dx
2
76. (b) Given, velocity is d2u d
2 = sinx [2(2x2 –2x – 1) cos x + (4x – 2) sin x]
1 dx dx
v = x 2 log = – x2 logx where x is displacement. + cos x [2 cosx (2x2 – 2x – 1) + (4x – 2) sinx]
x
dv
=0 d2u
For maximum velocity, At x = np, = 0 + 2 cos2 np(2n2 p2 – 1) > 0
dx dx 2
dv 1 Hence at x = np, the value of u and so its
Now, = – x 2 + log x(–2 x ) corresponding the value of y is minimum and
dx x
= – x – 2x log x minimum value = e0 = 1
79. (d) We have equation of tangent to any curve
dv f(x) at
= 0 Þ – x – 2x log x = 0 Þ x = –2x log x
dx dy
–1 –
1 (x1, y1) is (y - y1 ) = (x - x1 )
Þ = log x Þ x = e 2 dx (x , y )
1 1
2
-|x |
Hence, for maximum velocity x = e –1/ 2 Given curve is y = e
sin 2x ìï (sin x + cos)2 - 1üï æ 1ö
77. (a) Let f (x ) = = 2í Point of intersection is ç 1, ÷ at x = 1, | x | = x
ý è eø
æ pö ïî sin x + cos x ïþ
sin ç x + ÷
è 4ø dy
= -e- x \ æç ö÷
So, y = e-x Þ dy
= -e -1
æ y2 -1 ö dx è dx øx =1
= 2ç ÷, where y = sin x + cos x
ç y ÷ Therefore, equation of tangent is
è ø 1 -1
æ y2 -1 ö y- = (x - 1) Þ x + ey = 2
e e
Let f( y) = 2 ç ÷, and g(x)
ç y ÷ d2 x
è ø = -9.8
= sin x + cos x 80. (b) We have, a =
dt 2
We have, g’(x) = cos x – sin x. The initial conditions are x (0) = 19.6 and v (0) = 0
For max or min. g’(x) = 0 Þ tan x = 1
Þ x = p /4. For this value of x. dx
g’’(x) < 0. Thus, g(x) is max. at x = p/4 and hence So, v = = -9.8t + v(0) = -9.8t
dt
the domain of g(x) is [1, 2 ] i.e. y lies between \ x = – 4.9t2 + x (0) = – 4.9t2 + 19.6
Now, the domain of the function is restricted since
1 and 2 the ball hits the ground after a certain time. To
æ 1 ö find this time we set x = 0 and solve for t;
Now, f' ( y) = 2 çç1 + 2 ÷÷ > 0 for all yÎ[1, 2 ]. 0 = – 4.9t2 + 19.6 Þ t = 2
è y ø
 23 Integrals
1
x (c) log tan æç x + p ö÷ + C
1. ò 1 + 4 x 3 dx is equal to 2 è 2 12 ø
1 æx p ö
(a)
4
3
[
1 + x 3 / 4 + log(1 + x 3 / 4 ) + C ] (d)
2
log tan ç - ÷ + C
è 2 12 ø
1 p -1
If I = ò
(b)
4
3
[1 + x 3/ 4
- log(1 + x 3/ 4
) ]+ C
5.
2p p + 1
dp = f ( p ) + c, then f(p) is

equal to :

(c)
4
3
[
1 - x 3 / 4 + log(1 + x 3 / 4 ) + C ] (a)
1 é
ln p - p 2 - 1 ùú
2 êë û
(d) None of these 1 1
(b) cos -1 p + sec -1 p
2 2 2
( x - 1)
2. òx 4
x + 3x + 1 2
dx is equal to
1
(c) ln p + p 2 - 1 - sec -1 p
2
(d) none of the above.
1 1
(a) log x + + x2 + +3 + C
x x2
6.
ò
Let f ( x ) = e x ( x - 1)( x - 2)dx .
Then f decreases in the interval
1 1 (a) (- ¥,-2) (b) (–2, –1)
(b) log x - + x2 + -3 + C
x x2 (c) (1, 2) (d) (2,+¥ )
7. Let f : R ® R is differentiable function and
f (x)
(c) log x + x 2 + 3 + C 2tdt
(d) None of these
f(1) = 4, then the value of xlim
®1 ò x - 1 is
0
x
(1 + x)e
3. ò cot( xe x ) dx is equal to
(a) 8f '(1) (b) 4f '(1) (c) 2f '(1) (d) f ' (1)
n +5 æ 2
æ 1ö x -1 ö
(a) log cos( xe x ) + C (b) log cot( xe x ) + C 8. ò è x ø çç x 2 ÷÷ dx is equal to :
ç x + ÷
è ø
n +6
(c) log sec( xe- x ) + C (d) log sec( xe x ) + C æ 1 ö
çx + ÷
(a) è x ø
dx +c
4. ò cos x + 3 sin x
equals n+6
n +6
é x 2 + 1ù
x p ê 2 ú ( n + 6) + c
(a) log tan æç + ö÷ + C
(b)
êë x úû
è 2 12 ø n +6
é x ù
(b) log tan çæ x - p ÷ö + C (c) ê 2 ú
ë x + 1û
( n + 6) + c
è 2 12 ø (d) none of these
 EBD_7588
332 Mathematics Objective MCQs

9
e x (1 + x )
9. Find the value of ò [ x + 2] dx where [ . ] is the ò cos2 dx

greatest integer function :

0
14. What is
( )
xe x equal to?

(a) 31 (b) 22 (a) xex + c (b) cos (xex) + c

(c) 23 (d) None of these x
(c) tan (xe ) + c (d) x cosec (xex) + c
1 Where c is a constant of integration.
10. If ò f (x) sin x cos x dx = log e ( f (x)) + A,
2(b 2 - a 2 )
-1 15. If f (x) = ln (x - 1 + x 2 ), then what is ò f '' (x) dx
b ¹ ± a, then {f (x)} is equal to
equal to ?
(a) a 2 sin 2 x + b 2 cos2 x + C 1
(a) +c
2 2 2 2
(b) a sin x - b cos x + C (x - 1 + x 2 )
(c) a 2 cos 2 x + b 2 sin 2 x + C 1
2 2 2 2 (b) - +c
(d) a cos x - b sin x + C
1 + x2
x2
11. ò (x 2
+ 1)( x 2 + 4)
dx is equal to (c) - 1+ x2 + c

æ xö (d) ln (x - 1 + x 2 ) + c
(a) tan -1 x + 2tan -1 ç ÷ + C
è2ø 1

ò (x - 1)e
-x
16. What is the value of dx ?
-1 æ
xö
(b) tan ç ÷ - 4tan -1 x + C 0
2
è ø
1 -1
1 2 æ xö (a) 0 (b) e (c) (d)
(c) - tan -1 x + tan -1 ç ÷ + C e e
3 3 è2ø
17. The value of
xö -1 æ
(d) 4tan ç ÷ - 2tan -1 x + C sin 2 x cos 2 x
2
è ø ò0 sin -1 t dt + ò0 cos -1 t dt is
f ( a)
ex p p
12. If f ( x) =
1+ e x
, I1 = ò xg{x (1 - x )}dx (a) p (b)
2
(c)
4
(d) 1
f (-a )
1
f ( a) ìï n! üï n
and I 2 = ò g{x (1 - x )}dx, then the value of 18. Lim í ý , where k ¹ 0 is a constant and
n ®¥ ï (kn )n ï
î þ
f (-a )
n Î N is equal to
I2
is (a) ke (b) k–1e (c) ke–1 (d) k–1e–1
I1
p
(a) 1 (b) –3 (c) –1 (d) 2
x
19. ò
If I1 = x f (sin3 x + cos 2 x)dx and
13. ò 1- x
dx is equal to 0
p/2
sin -1 x + c
(a)
-1
I2 = p ò f (sin3 x + cos2 x )dx , then
(b) sin { x - x (1 - x ) } + c 0

(c) sin -1 x (1 - x ) + c (a) I1 = 2I 2 (b) 2I1 = I 2

-1
x - x (1 - x ) + c
(c) I1 = I 2 (d) I1 + I 2 = 0
(d) sin
Integrals 333
r
20. If l (x) means log log log ....x, the log being y -1
repeated r times. then (c) log +C
2 3 r -1 y +1
ò {xl (x)l (x)l (x)...l (x)} dx is equal to
1 y -1 1 y
l r+1(x) (d) log - tan -1 +C
(a) l r +1
( x) + C (b) +C 4 y +1 4 3 3
r +1
r p
(c) l (x) + C (d) None
21. If ò log e ( 1- x + 1 + x dx)
26. ò xf (sin x)dx is equal to
0

( )
p p
= x loge 1 - x + 1 + x + g ( x ) + C . Then g(x) = (a) ò
p f (cos x)dx (b) ò
p f (sin x)dx
-1 -1 0 0
(a) x - sin x (b) sin x-x
p/2 p/2
x + sin -1 x sin -1 x - x 2 p
(c) (d) (c)
2 ò f (sin x)dx (d) p ò f (cos x)dx
0 0
p/2 p/2 2
sin(2n - 1)x æ sin nx ö
22. An = ò sin x
dx; Bn = ò ç
è sin x ø
÷ dx; 27. ò 32x (log x)
3 2
dx is equal to :
0 0
For n Î N, then (a) 8x4(logx)2 + C

(a) A n +1 = A n , Bn+1 -Bn = An+1 (b) x4{8(logx)2 – 4(logx) + 1} + C

(c) x4{8(logx)2 – 4(logx)} + C
(b) Bn +1 = B n
(d) x3{(logx)2 – 2logx} + C
(c) A n +1 - A n = B n +1
(d) None of these é 10 -2n ù é 10 2n +1 ù

23. If ò x log æç1+ 1 ö÷ dx

28. ê
ê å ò sin x dx ú + ê
27
ú ê åò
sin 27 x dx ú =
ú
è xø ë n =1 - 2n -1 û ë n =1 2n û
= f (x) log(x +1) + g(x)x 2 + Lx + C, then
1 2
(a) f (x) = x (b) g(x) = log x (a) 272 (b) –54 (c) 54 (d) 0
2
3
(c) L = 1 (d) none of these 29. The value of the integral ò-1 (| x | + | x - 1 |)dx is
24. If ò g(x)dx = g(x), then (a) 4 (b) 9 (c) 2 (d)
9
2
ò g(x){f (x) + f ¢(x)}dx is equal to 30. If ò sec x cosec x dx = log | g(x) | + c, then what
(a) g ( x )f ( x ) - g ( x )f ¢( x ) + C
is g (x) equal to ?
(b) g ( x )f ¢( x ) + C (a) sin x cos x (b) sec2 x
(c) g( x)f (x ) + C (c) tan x (d) log | tan x |
g( x)f 2 ( x ) + C sec n x tan xdx equal to ?
(d) 31. What is ò
dx
sec n x sec n - 1 x
25. ò sin x(3 + cos 2 x) is equal to (a) +c (b) +c
n n -1
(a) log | y 2 - 1| - tan -1 y + C tan n - 1 x
tan n x
(c) +c (d) +c
y n n -1
(b) tan -1 +C
3 Where ‘c’ is a constant of integration.
 EBD_7588
334 Mathematics Objective MCQs

32.
ò
If sin3 x cos5 x dx x

ò
t 3 5
37. The function f (x) = t (e -1) (t -1) (t - 2) (t -3)
4 6 8
= A sin x + Bsin x + C sin x + D Then -1

1 1 1 dt has a local minimum at x =

(a) A = , B =- , C = , DÎR (a) 0 (b) 1, 3
4 3 8
(c) 2 (d) None of these
1 1 1
(b) A = , B = , C = , DÎR p
8 4 3
6
sin5 x cos3 x
1
(c) A = 0, B = - , C = , D Î R
1
38. What is ò x4
dx
is equal to ?
6 8 p
-
(d) None of these 6
1
33. Evaluate: ò dx p p p
1 + 3sin x + 8 cos 2 x
2 (a) (b) (c)
8
(d) 0
2 4
1
(a) tan -1 ( 2 tan x ) + C 2 9
6 7 5
-1
39. If ò f (x)dx =
3 and ò f (x)dx = – 6 , then
(b) tan ( 2 tan x ) + C –3 –3

1 æ 2 tan x ö 9
(c) tan -1 ç ÷+C
6 è 3 ø what is the value of ò f (x)dx ?
(d) None of these 2

òx
51 –1 –1
34. (tan x + cot x) dx 19 19 3 3
(a) – (b) (c) (d) –
x52 6 6 2 2
(a) (tan –1 x + cot –1 x) + c p p
52
2 2
x52 40. If I1= ò cos (sin x ) dx ; I2= ò sin (cos x) dx and
(b) (tan –1 x - cot –1 x) + c
52 0 0
px 52 p p
(c) + +c 2
104 2
I3= ò cos x dx , then
x 52 p 0
(d) + +c
52 2 (a) I1 > I3 > I2 (b) I3 > I1 > I2
35. The line y = a intersects the curve y = g (x), (c) I1 > I2 > I3 (d) I3 > I2 > I1
x 2
x2 (1 + x )
atleast at two points. If ò g (t) dt = 2 ò
+ t 2g(t) dt 41. ò x (1 + x e x ) 2 dx is
2 x
then possible value of a is/are –
x ex 1
æ 1 1ö é 1 1ù (a) ln + +C
(a) çè - , ÷ø (b) ê - , ú 1+ x e x
1 + xe x
2 2 ë 2 2û
æ 1 1ö ì 1 1ü xe x
(c) çè - , ÷ø - {0} (d) í- , 0, ý (b) (1 + xe x ) + ln +C
2 2 î 2 2þ 1 + xe x
1 2
36. If ò f (x ) cos x dx = f (x ) + c, then f(x) can be 1
2 (c) x
+ ln | xe x (1 + xe x ) | + C
(a) x (b) 1 1 + xe
(c) cos x (d) sin x (d) None of these
Integrals 335

p/4 {f ( x).f' (x ) - f ' (x ).f( x)} f ( x)

If u n = ò 0 tan n q dq then un + un–2 is :
42. 48. ò f ( x).f(x )
log
f(x )
dx is equal to :

1 1 2
(a) (b) f( x ) 1ì f( x ) ü
n -1 n +1 (a) log +k (b) ílog ý +k
f (x) 2î f (x ) þ
1 1
(c) (d)
2n - 1 2n + 1 f( x ) f( x )
(c) log + k (d) None of these
p /2 p f (x ) f ( x)
43. If f (p, q) = ò0 cos x cos qx dx, then
p /2
q ln (cos x)
(a) f (p, q) = f (p – 1, q – 1) 49. ò x sin x
dx =
p+q -p /2 1 + e .e
p p
(b) f (p, q) = f (p – 1, q – 1)
p+q (a) –2p ln 2 (b) – ln 2
4
p p
(c) f (p, q) = – f (p – 1, q – 1) (c) –p ln 2 (d) - ln 2
p+q 2

(d) f (p, q) = –
q
f (p – 1, q – 1) 50. If ò f (x)dx = g(x) + c , then ò f -1 (x)dx is equal
p+q
1 to
44. ò0 [f ( x ) g" ( x ) - f " ( x ) g ( x )] dx is equal to :
(a) xf -1 ( x) + C
[Given f(0) = g(0) = 0]
(a) f(1) g(1) – f(1)g’(1) (b) f ( g -1 ( x)) + C
(b) f(1) g’(1) + f’(1)g(1)
(c) f(1) g’(1) – f’(1)g(1) (c) xf -1 ( x) - g ( f -1( x)) + C
(d) none of these
¥ (d) g -1 ( x) + C
dx
45. ò (x 2 + a 2 )(x 2 + b 2 ) is dx x n +1
0 51. If ò x(x n + 1) = A log
xn
+ B, B Î R . Then
pab p
(a) (b)
2(a + b)
a+b 1
(a) A= (b) A = –1
p p(a + b) 2
(c) (d)
2ab(a + b) 2ab 1 1
(c) A =- (d) A =
dx n 2n
46. If ò = log { f (x)}2 + c, then what is f (x) equal 52. The tangent of the curve y = f(x) at the point
f (x)
with abscissa x = 1 form an angle of p/6 and at
to ?
the point x = 2 an angle of p/3 and at the point
(a) 2x + a (b) x + a
x = 3 an angle of p/4. If f"(x) is continuous, then
x
(c) +a (d) x2 + a 3 3
2
47. What is ò eln x sin x dx equal to?
the value of ò ò
f " (x )f ¢(x )dx + f " (x )dx is
1 2
(a) eln x (sin x – cos x) + c 4 3 -1 3 3 -1
(b) (sin x – x cos x) + c (a) (b)
3 3 2
(c) (x sin x + cos x) + c
(d) (sin x + x cos x) – c 4-3 3
Where ‘c’ is a constant of integration. (c) (d) none of these
3
 EBD_7588
336 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1
et
1
tan5 x sec3 x
53. If A = ò t +1 ò
dt , then e t log(1 + t )dt in terms of (c)
5
+
3
+c
0 0
A equals sec5 x tan 3 x
(d) + +c
e 5 3
(a) e log (A) (b) -A
2 p/2
A e 59. What is ò sin 2x l n ( cot x ) dx equal to ?
(c) e – 1 – (d) -1- A 0
2 2
(a) 0 (b) p ln 2
xe x
54. If ò 1+ ex
dx = f ( x ) 1 + e x - 2 log g ( x ) + C, then
(c) – p ln 2 (d)
p ln 2
2
1 + ex - 1 x -1
f ( x) = x - 1
(a) (b) g( x) =
x
1+ e +1
60.
ò (x + 1)2 x3 + x2 + x
dx is equal to

1 + ex + 1
(c) g( x) = (d) f (x) = 2(2 - x) x2 + x +1
x
1+ e -1 (a) tan -1 +C
x
x

55. Let f : (0, ¥) ® R and F( x ) = ò f ( t )dt .

0
(b) 2 tan -1
x2 + x +1
x
+C
If F(x2) = x2(1 + x), then f(4) equals
x2 + x +1
5 (c) 3 tan -1 +C
(a) (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 2 x
4
(d) None of these
1 æx ö
56. If ò dx = tan ç + a ÷ + b then 1
dx
1 + sin x è2 ø 61. The value of ò ex + e is equal to
0

p p 1 æ1+ eö æ1+ e ö
(a) log ç (b) log ç
(a) a = - , bÎR (b) a = , bÎR e è 2 ÷ø è 2 ø
÷
4 4
5p 1 æ 2 ö
(c) a = , bÎR (d) None of these (c) log(1 + e) (d) log ç ÷
4 e è1+ e ø
57. Let f : R ® R and g : R ® R be continuous
functions. Then the value of 62. òe
3 log x
( x 4 + 1) -1 dx is equal to
p 1
2 (a) log ( x 4 + 1) + C (b) log ( x 4 + 1) + C
4
òp {f (x) + f (-x)}{g(x) - g(-x) } dx is (c) - log (x 4 + 1) + C (d) None of these
-
ò sin 2x. log cos x dx is equal to :
2
63.
(a) f(x) g(x) (b) f(x) + g(x)
(c) 0 (d) none of these
æ1 ö
2 4 (a) cos 2 x ç + log cos x ÷ + k
58. What is ò tan x sec x dx equal to? è2 ø
2
sec5 x sec3 x (b) cos x . log cos x + k
(a) + +c
5 3
æ1 ö
(c) cos 2 x ç - log cos x ÷ + k
tan5 x tan3 x è2 ø
(b) + +c
5 3 (d) none of these.
Integrals 337

p sin( 2 mx ) dx
64. If m is an integer, then ò0 sin x
dx is equal 70. If ò x 22 ( x 7 - 6)
to:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) p = A {In(p) 6 + 9p 2 - 2p3 - 18p} + c then
65. What is ò sin x log(tan x ) dx equal to? æ x7 - 6 ö
1
(a) cosx log tanx + log tan (x/2) + c (a) A= ,p=ç ÷
9072 ç x7 ÷
(b) –cosx log tanx + log tan (x/2) + c è ø
(c) cosx log tanx + log cot (x/2) + c 1 æ x - 6 ö÷
7
(d) –cosx log tanx + log cot (x/2) + c (b) A= ,p=ç
54432 ç x7 ÷
è ø
log x
66. What is ò dx equal to? 1 æ x7 ö
(1 + log x )2 (c) A=
54432
,p= ç ÷
ç x7 - 6 ÷
è ø
1 1 æ x7 - 6 ö
-1
+c +c 1
(a) (b) ,p=ç ÷
(1 + log x) 3
(1 + log x ) 2 (d) A=
9072 ç x7 ÷
è ø
x x 1
+c +c tan –1
(c) (1 + log x ) (d)
(1 + log x ) 2 71. What is ò 1∗ x 2 dx equal to?
0
Where c is a constant.
p p
67. If f(x) and f(x) are continuous functions on the (a) (b)
interval [0, 4] satisfying f(x) = f(4 – x), 4 8
f(x) + f(4 – x) = 3 and
p2 p2
4 4 (c) (d)
8 32
ò f (x) dx = 2, then ò f (x) f(x) dx æ px ö
0 0 æ1ö
72. If f (x) = A sin ç ÷ + B and f ' ç ÷ = 2 and
(a) 3 (b) 6 è 2 ø è2ø
(c) 2 (d) None of these
1 2A
68. If I = ò sin
-
11
3x cos
-
1
3 x dx
ò0
f (x) dx =
p
, then what is the value of B ?

2 4
= A cot 2/3 x + B cot 8/3 x + C . Then (a) (b)
p p
2 8 3 3 (c) 0 (d) 1
(a) A= , B= (b) A =- , B = - 1
3 3 2 8 1
ò dx =
(c)
3
A = , B=
2
3
8
(d) None of these 73.
0 (x 2
)(
+ 16 x 2 + 25 )
sin x 1 é1 æ1ö 1 æ 1 öù
69. The value of ò sin 4x dx is tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷ ú
5 êë 4
(a)
4
è ø 5 è 5 øû
1 sin x - 1 1 2 sin x - 1 1 é1 æ1ö 1 æ 1 öù
(a)
4
log
sin x + 1
- log +C
(b) ê tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷ ú
2 2 sin x + 1 9 ë4 è4ø 5 è 5 øû
1 cos x - 1 1 2 cos x - 1 1 é1
- +C æ1ö 1 æ 1 öù
(b) log log tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷ ú
4 êë 4
8 cos x + 1 2 2 2 cos x + 1 (c) 4 5
è ø è 5 øû
1 sin x - 1 1 2 sin x - 1
(c) log - log +C 1 é 1 -1 æ 1 ö 1 -1 æ 1 ö ù
8 sin x + 1 4 2 2 sin x + 1 tan ç ÷ - tan ç ÷ ú
9 êë 5
(d)
è4ø 5 è 5 øû
(d) None of these.
 EBD_7588
338 Mathematics Objective MCQs

x 2 - x + 1 cot -1 x -1 -1 x (1 + x + x 2 )
dx = A( x )ecot x + C , then 79. The value of ò e tan dx is
74. If ò x2 + 1 e 1+ x2
-1
A(x) is equal to : (a) x e tan x+c (b) tan -1 x + C
(a) – x (b) x
-1 x
(c) 1- x (d) 1+ x (c) e tan + 2x + C (d) none of these.
1 x2
x n -1 80. What is the value of ò0 xe dx ?
75. ò x 2n + a 2 dx =
(e - 1)
(a) (b) e2 – 1
1 æx n ö 2
(a) tan -1 ç ÷+C (c) 2 (e – 1) (d) e–1
na ç a ÷
è ø
p
n -1 æ x n ö
81. ò
The value of 0 ln(1 + cos x )dx is
(b) tan ç ÷ + C
a ç a ÷ p
è ø
(a) log 2 (b) p log 2
2
n -1 æ x n ö (c) - p log 2 (d) 0
(c) sin ç ÷ + C
a ç a ÷
è ø 82. If f(x) is an even function, then what is
p
æ xn ö
n
cos -1 ç ÷ + C ò f ( cos x ) dx equal to?
(d) a ç a ÷ 0
è ø
p
p
2 2
| x | dx (a) 0 (b) ò f ( cos x ) dx
76.
ò 8 cos 2 x + 12
has the value
0
-p
2 p
2
p2 p2 (c) 2 ò f ( cos x ) dx (d) 1
(a) (b)
6 12 0

p2 2 xæ1 1 ö
(c) (d) None of these 83. What is the value of ò1 e ç x - 2 ÷ dx ?
24 è x ø
1 æe ö
77. If f ( x ) = ò cot 4 xdx + cot 3 x - cot x e ç - 1÷
3 (a) (b) e (e – 1)
è2 ø
æ pö p
and f ç ÷ = then f ( x ) is 1
è 2ø 2 (c) e- (d) 0
(a) p- x (b) x - p e
(c) p/ 2- x (d) x p
¥ ¥ 4
1 84. If I n = ò tan n x dx then what is I n + I n
78. If
ò e -ax dx =
a ò
, then x n e -ax dx is 0
– 2

0 0 equal to?
( -1) n! n n
( -1) (n - 1)! 1 1
(a) (b)
(a)
a n +1
(b)
an n ( n - 1)
n! n 1
(c) (d)
(c)
a n +1
(d) None of these ( n - 1) ( n - 2)
Integrals 339
¥
é 2 ù
ò êë e x úû dx { }
2
85. is equal to ([x] = greatest integer £ x) 88. If ò K 2 + ( 4 - 4 K ) x + 4 x3 dx £ 12 , then which
0
1
(a) log e 2 (b) e2
one of the following is correct?
2
(c) 0 (d) (a) K = 3 (b) 0 £ K < 3
e
ìï 1 üï (c) K £ 4 (d) K = 0
86. I = ò ílog e log e x + 2ý dx is equal to: 89. If f(x) = a + bx + cx 2 , then what is
ïî (log e x ) ïþ
x log e log e x + c 1
(a)
ò0 f ( x) dx equal to?
x
(b) x log e log e x - +c
log e x (a) [f (0) + 4f (1/2) + f (1)]/6
x (b) [f (0) + 4f (1/2) + f (1)]/3
(c) x log e log e x + +c
log e x (c) [f (0) + 4f (1/2) + f (1)]
(d) none of these. (d) [f (0) + 2f (1/2) + f (1)]/6
2p
æ a + b sec x ö
ò logçè a - b sec x ÷ødx =
x
log t
90. Let F(x) = f (x) + f æç ö÷ ,where f ( x) = ò
87. 1 dt ,
0 è xø 1+ t
l
(a) 0 (b) p/2
p( a + b) p 2 Then F(e) equals
(c) (d) (a - b 2 )
a -b 2 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) 0

Answer KEYs
1 (b) 10 (a) 19 (c) 28 (d) 37 (b) 46 (c) 55 (c) 64 (c) 73 (b) 82 (c)
2 (a) 11 (c) 20 (a) 29 (b) 38 (d) 47 (b) 56 (a) 65 (b) 74 (b) 83 (a)
3 (d) 12 (d) 21 (b) 30 (c) 39 (a) 48 (b) 57 (c) 66 (c) 75 (a) 84 (b)
4 (c) 13 (d) 22 (a) 31 (a) 40 (a) 49 (d) 58 (b) 67 (a) 76 (b) 85 (a)
5 (c) 14 (c) 23 (d) 32 (a) 41 (a) 50 (c) 59 (a) 68 (b) 77 (d) 86 (b)
6 (c) 15 (b) 24 (c) 33 (c) 42 (a) 51 (c) 60 (b) 69 (c) 78 (c) 87 (a)
7 (a) 16 (d) 25 (d) 34 (a) 43 (b) 52 (c) 61 (a) 70 (b) 79 (a) 88 (a)
8 (a) 17 (c) 26 (d) 35 (c) 44 (c) 53 (d) 62 (b) 71 (d) 80 (a) 89 (a)
9 (a) 18 (d) 27 (b) 36 (d) 45 (c) 54 (b) 63 (c) 72 (c) 81 (c) 90 (c)
 EBD_7588
340 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1. (b) Put x = z4 Þ dx = 4z3 dz

dx
2
x z 2 .4 z 3 z 3 .z 2
Þ I= ò é1 ù
\ ò 1 + 4 x3 dx = ò 1 + z 3 dz = 4 ò z 3 + 1 dz 2 ê cos x +
3
sin x ú
ë2 2 û
4 (y - 1)
3ò y
= dy 1 dx
= ò
2 é p p ù
é 3 2 1 ù êësin 6 cos x + cos 6 sin x úû
êë Putting z + 1 = y Þ z dz = 3 dy úû
1 dx
4
= ( y - log y) + C
=
2
. ò æ pö
3 sin ç x + ÷
è 6ø
4é
= 1 + x3 / 4 - log(1 + x 3 / 4 ) ù + C 1 æ pö
2. (a)
3ë û Þ I=
2 ò
. cosec ç x + ÷ dx
è 6ø
( x 2 - 1) ( x 2 - 1)
òx 4 2
dx = ò 1
dx ò
Q cosec x dx = log | (tan x / 2) | + C
x + 3x + 1 x 2 2
x +3+ x p
. log tan æç + ö÷ + C
1
x2 \ I=
2 è 2 12 ø
æ 1 ö
ç1 - 2 ÷ 1 p -1
= ò
è x ø dx = ò
dz 5. (c) I= ò 2p p +1
dp
2
æ 1ö z2 +1
çx + ÷ +1 1 p -1
è xø = ò
2 p (p + 1) ( p - 1)
dp
é 1 æ 1 ö ù
êPutting x + = z Þ çç1 - 2 ÷÷dx = dz ú 1 pdp 1 dp
ë x è x ø û = ò -
2 p p 2 - 1 2 p p2 - 1 ò
= log z + z 2 + 1 + C
1 dp 1 dp
2ò 2 ò p p2 -1
= -
2
1 1 p -1
= log x + + x2 + +3 +C
x x2 =
1 æ ö 1
log e ç p + p 2 - 1 ÷ - sec -1 p
2 è ø 2
(1 + x ) e x
3. (d) Let I = ò cot ( xe x ) dx Þ f ( p ) = log p + p 2 - 1 -
1
sec -1 p
x x x 2
Put xe = t Þ (xe + e ) dx = dt
Þ ex (x + 1) dx = dt
dt
6. (c) ò
f ( x ) = e x ( x - 1)(x - 2)dx

\I= ò = log |sec t | + C For decreasing function, f ' (x ) < 0

cot (t )
x Þ ex (x – 1) (x – 2) < 0
= log | sec (xe ) | + C
Þ (x – 1) (x – 2) < 0
dx Þ 1<x<2
4. (c) I= ò cos x + 3 sin x \ ex > 0 " x Î R
Integrals 341
f (x)
2t 1 1 4 1
7. (a) lim
x ®1 ò x -1
dt =– ò
3 x +1
2
dx + ò 2
3 x +4
dx
0
1 4 1 æ xö
= - tan -1 x + ´ tan -1 ç ÷ + C
= lim
1 2
x ®1 x - 1
t []f ( x)
0 = lim
x ®1
f 2 ( x ) - f 2 ( 0)
x -1
3 3 2 è 2ø
1 2 æ xö
2f ( x ) f ' ( x ) =- tan - 1 x + tan - 1 ç ÷ + C
= lim (L ' Hospital Rule) 3 3 è 2ø
x®1 1
= 2f (1)f ' (1) = 8f ' (1) ex e- x
12. (d) f ( x) = Þ f (- x ) =
n +5 æ 2 ö 1 + ex 1 + e- x
æ 1ö ç x - 1 ÷ dx
8.
è
ò
(a) I = ç x + ÷
xø ç x2 ÷ 1
è ø =
ex + 1
1 æ 1 ö
Put x + = t Þ çç1 - 2 ÷÷ dx = dt \ f ( x) + f ( - x) = 1 " x Now
x è x ø
f (a )
æ x 2 -1 ö
Þç
ç x2 ÷
÷ dx = dt I1 = ò xg{x(1 - x )}dx
è ø f ( - a)
n +6
æ 1ö f (a )
çx + ÷
t n+6
è xø = ò (1 - x) g{x (1 - x )}dx
ò
\ I = t n +5 dt =
n+6
+c =
n+6
+c f ( - a)

9 = I 2 - I1 Þ 2 I1 = I 2
9. (a) We have ò[ x + 2]dx 13. (d) Put x = sin 2 q Þ dx = 2 sin q cos q
0
x sin q
1 4 9 \ ò 1- x
dx = ò cos q .2 sin q cos q dq
ò ò
= 2dx + 3dx + 4dx ò 1
0 1 4
= 2 + (12 – 3) + (36 – 16) = 2 + 9 + 20 = 31 ò
= (1 - cos 2q)dq = q - sin 2q + c
2
10. (a)
= sin -1 x - x (1 - x ) + c
1
ò f ( x ) sin x cos x dx = 2(b 2 - a 2 ) log(f ( x) ) + C e x (1 + x )
14. (c) Let I = ò dx
therefore
f (x)sin x cos x =
11
.
f '(x)
( )
cos 2 xe x
2 2 Put, xex = t Þ ex (1+ x) dx = dt
2(b - a ) f (x)
[by differentiating both the sides] dt
\ I =ò = ò sec 2 tdt = tan t + c
f ' (x) 2
cos t
Þ 2( b 2 - a 2 ) sin x cos x =
(f ( x ))2 = tan (xex) + c
where ‘c’ is a constant of integration.
f ' (x )
ò (2b sin x cos x - 2a sin x cos x) dx = ò (f (x))2 dx
2 2
15. (b) Given that f (x) = ln (x - 1 + x 2 )
[by integrating both the sides]
1
ò f "(x) dx = f '(x) + c where c is a constant
Þ -b 2 cos 2 x - a 2 sin 2 x – C = -
f (x) 1 æ 2x ö
= . ç1 - ÷+c
x2 ç ÷
(x - 1 + x 2 ) è 2 1 + x 2 ø
11. (c) ò (x 2
+ 1)( x 2 + 4)
dx.

1 é 4 1 ù -(x - 1 + x 2 ) 1
= +c = - +c
= òê 2 - dx
3 ë x + 4 x 2 + 1úû
2 2
( 1 + x ) (x - 1 + x ) 1 + x2
 EBD_7588
342 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 1 ì1 2 3 n ü
ò 0 (x -1) e
-x
16. (d) Given integral is I = dx = Lim log e í . . ........... ......... . ý
n ®¥ n î kn kn kn kn þ
Integrating by parts taking (x –1) as first function
1é æ 1ö æ 2ö æ n öù
1
= Lim ê log ç ÷ + log ç ÷ + ......... + log ç ÷ ú
We get, I = [(x –1) {–e–x}] 1 0
– ò0 1.(-e- x ) dx n ®¥ në è kn ø è kn ø è kn ø û
n
1 1 æ r ö
= – (1– 1) + (-1) e0 + [- e- x ]10
e
= nLim
®¥ n
å logçè kn ÷ø
r =1
1 1 1 1
= -1 - + 1 = - æxö
e e = log ç ÷ dx = (log x - log k ) dx
ò ò
èkø
sin 2 x 0 0
17. (c) Let I1 = ò sin -1 t dt 1 1
0

Put t = sin 2 u Þ dt = 2 sin u cos udu ò

= log x dx - log k dx ò
0 0
Þ dt = sin 2udu
= [x log x - x ] - log k[x ]10
1
0
x
\I1 = ò0 u sin 2u du = [0 - 1 - 0 + 0] - log k = -1 - log k
1
cos 2 x
cos -1 t dt = -(log e + log k ) = - log (ek ) = log
Let I2 = ò0 ek
[Value of x log x at x = 0 is Lim x log x = 0]
Put t = cos 2 v Þ dt = -2 cos v sin vdv x ®0 +
Þ dt = - sin 2 v dv
1
x \P = = k -1e -1
\I 2 = ò p v(- sin 2v) dv = - ò px vsin 2vdv ek
2 2 p

ò
x
= - p u sin 2 udu [change of variable]
19. ò
(c) Consider I1 = x f ëésin3 x + cos 2 x ûù dx
0
2
p

ò
x x é 3 2 ù
\ I = I 1 + I2 = ò0 ò
u sin 2 udu - p u sin 2 udu = ( p - x ) f ësin ( p - x ) + cos ( p - x ) û dx
0
2
p p
2 x x
= ò (p - x) f ëésin3 x + cos2 x ûù dx
ò òp
= u sin 2udu + u sin 2udu - u sin 2udu òp 0
0 p p

p
2 2
ò ò
= pf (sin 3 x + cos 2 x) dx – x f (sin3 x + cos2 x)dx
0 0
2 p
p
ò
= u sin 2udu =
4
[Integrate by parts]
= ò p f (sin3 x + cos2 x)dx - I1
0
0
1
p
ìï n! üï n
ò
3 2
18. (d) Let P = Lim í ý Þ 2 I1 = p f (sin x + cos x)dx
n ®¥ ï ( kn ) n ï
î þ 0
Taking log of both the sides at the base e
p/ 2
1 ìï n! üï
log e P = Lim log e í ý
2 I1 = 2 p ò f (sin 3 x + cos2 x )dx
n ®¥ n ïî (kn ) n ïþ 0
Integrals 343
p/2 p
Þ I1 = p
ò f (sin 3 x + cos 2 x)dx 2
sin 2 (n + 1)x - sin 2 nx
0 Again B n +1 - B n = ò sin 2 x
dx
I1 = I 2 (By definition of I2) 0
20. (a) Putting l r+1(x) = t and p
1 2
sin( 2 n + 1) x sin x
dx = dt
xl ( x )l 2 ( x )....l r ( x )
= ò sin 2 x
dx = A n +1
0
1
we get ,
ò xl 2 (x)l 3 (x).....l r (x) æ 1ö
23. (d) ò x log çè1 + x ÷ødx
ò
= 1.dt = t + C = l r +1 (x) + C
æ 1ö x
2
x æ 1 ö x2
21. (
(b) I = ò log e 1 - x + 1 + x .1 dx ) = logç1 + ÷.
è xø 2
- ×ç- ò
÷×
x + 1 çè x 2 ÷ø 2
dx

Integrating by parts taking 1 as the second

function. x2 æ x + 1ö x
2
1 x + 1 -1
è x ÷ø 2 2 ò x + 1
= log ç . + dx
(
I = log 1 - x + 1 + x .x -
1
ò 1- x + 1+ x ) 2
x2 æ x +1 ö 1 1
= logç ÷ + x - log(x + 1) + c
é 1 1 ù 2 è x ø 2 2
ê- + ú( x ) dx
ë 2 1- x 2 1 + x û æ x 2 -1 ö 2
÷ log(x + 1) - x log x + 1 x + c
(
= x log 1 - x + 1 + x ) =ç
ç 2 ÷
è ø 2 2
1 1- x - 1+ x 1
2 ò 1- x + 1+ x 1- x 2 ò g(x){f (x) + f ' (x)}dx
- . . x dx
24. (c)

= x log ( 1 - x + 1 + x )
ò ò
= g( x )f ( x )dx + g(x )f ' ( x)dx
1 (1 - x) + (1 + x ) - 2 1 - x 2 1 = f (x)ò g(x)dx - ò {f '(x) ò g(x)dx} dx + ò g(x)f '(x)dx
2ò
- . . x dx
(1 - x ) - (1 + x ) 1- x 2
ò ò
= f ( x )g( x ) - f ' ( x)g(x )dx + g(x )f ' (x )dx
(
= x log 1 - x + 1 + x -
1
2
) ò 1 - x 2 -1
dx
[Given ò g(x )dx = g( x) ]
1- x2
= f ( x )g ( x ) + c
1é ù
(
= x log 1 - x + 1 + x - 2 êê 1dx - ò ) 1
dx ú ò dx
ë 1 - x 2 úû 25. (d) ò sin x(3 + cos 2 x)
= x log ( 1
2ë
)
1 - x + 1 + x + ésin -1 x - x ù + C
û sin xdx
-1
= ò sin2 x(3 + cos2 x)
\ f ( x ) = x, g( x ) = sin x-x
22. (a) We have sin x dx
p = ò (1 - cos 2 x)(3 + cos 2 x)
2
sin( 2n + 1) x - sin( 2n - 1) x
A n +1 - A n = ò sin x
dx
=
dy
ò ( y 2 - 1)( y 2 + 3) (Putting cos x = y)
0
p p
2 2 1 é 1 1 ù
= ò
2 cos 2nx sin x
dx = 2 cos 2 np dx = 0 ò = ò ê 2 - 2 ú dy
4 ëê y - 1 y + 3 ûú
sin x
0 0
 EBD_7588
344 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 y -1 1 y 3
- tan -1 +C
=
4
log
y +1 4 3 3 ò
\ (| x | + | x - 1|)dx
-1
p p
0 1 3
26. (d)
ò ò
I = xf (sin x)dx = ( p - x)f (sin x)dx = ò -1(-2x + 1)dx + ò 0 1dx + ò1 (2x - 1)dx
0 0
0 3
= éë - x + x ùû + [ x ] 0 + éë x - x ùû = 9
p p 2 1 2

ò
= p f (sin x )dx - I Þ 2I = p f (sin x)dx
ò -1 1
0
p p/2
0 30.
ò
(c) Let I = sec x.cosec x dx
p
I=
2 ò
f (sin x )dx = p ò f (sin x)dx =
2
ò 2 sin x cos x dx
0 0
1 1
p/2 =2 ò sin 2x dx - 2ò 2 tan x
= p ò f (cos x)dx 1 + tan 2 x
0
2 tan x
[Q sin 2x =
27. (b) Let I = ò 32x3 (log x)2 dx 1 + tan 2 x
]

sec2 x
ìï
= 32 í(log x)
2 x
4
1 x 4 üï
- 2 log x . ò
dx ý
= òtan x
dx
îï 4 x 4 þï Let tan x = t Þ sec2 dx = dt
dt
=
32 4
x (log x) 2 - 16 x 3 log x dx ò
So, I =
tò= log | t | +c = log | tan x | + c
4
ò
But sec x cosec x dx = log | g (x) | +c
ò
4 2 4 3
= 8x (log x) - 4x log x + 4 x dx \ g (x) = tan x
31. (a) Let I = ò secn x tan xdx.
{
= x 4 8(log x)2 - 4 log x + 1 + C } Put, sec x = t Þ sec x tan xdx = dt
28. (d) General term of the series
n dt
10 -2 n \ I = òt .
t
å ò sin 27 xdx is n -1 tn sec n x
n =1 - 2 n -1 = ò t dt = +c = +c
-2 n 2n n n
where ‘c’ is a constant of integration.
ò sin 27 xdx = ò sin
27
I1 = ( - x )( -dx )

ò sin
3
- 2 n -1 2 n +1
32. (a) I = x. cos 5 x dx
2 n +1

ò sin Put sin x = t Þ cos x dx = dt

27
=- x dx = – I
2
2n
Where I2 is general term of series I = ò sin 3 x . cos 4 x . cos x dx = òt
3
(1 - t ) dt
2 2

ò ( t3 - 2t 5 + t 7 ) dt = 4 t 4 - 6 t 6 + 8 t8 + D
10 2 n +1 1 2 1
å ò sin 27 xdx =
n =1 2n
So I1 + I2 = 0 for all n 1 4 1 1
= sin x - sin 6 x + sin 8 x + D
29. (b) We have 4 3 8
ì- x - ( x - 1) = -2 x + 1, if x £ 0 1
ï 33. (c) I = ò dx
| x | + | x - 1 |= í x - ( x - 1) = 1, if 0 £ x £ 1 1 + 3sin x + 8cos 2 x
2
ï x + x - 1 = 2 x - 1, if x ³ 1 Dividing the numerator and denominator by
î cos2x, we get
Integrals 345

sec 2 x dy
I=ò dx Consider change of sign of at x = 3.
sec 2 x + 3 tan 2 x + 8 dx
dy dy
sec 2 x sec 2 x x < 3, = negative and x > 3, = positive
Þ I= ò dx = ò dx dx dx
1+ tan 2 x + 3tan 2 x + 8 4tan 2 x + 9 Change is from negative to positive, hence mini-
Putting tan x = t Þ sec2x dx = dt, we get mum at x = 3. Again minimum and maximum oc-
cur alternately.
dt 1 dt 1 1 æ t ö \ 2nd minimum is at x = 1.
I =ò ò = = ´ tan -1 ç +C
4t + 9 4 t + (3/2)
2 2 2 4 3/ 2 è 3/ 2÷ø
sin 5 x cos3 x
38. (d) Let f ( x ) =
Þ
1 æ 2t ö 1 æ 2 tan x ö
I = tan -1 ç ÷ + C = tan -1 ç x4
÷+C
6 è3ø 6 è 3 ø sin 5 ( - x ) cos3 ( - x )
f ( -x ) =
òx
51 –1 –1
34. (a) (tan x + cot x)dx ( - x )4
p ì –1 –1 pü - sin 5 x cos3 x
= ò x 51. dx í\ tan x + cot x = ý = = – f (x)
2 î 2þ
x4
px 52 x52 Þ f (x) is an odd function.
= +c= (tan –1 x + cot –1 x) + c . p
104 52
6
x 2 sin5 x cos3 x
35. (c)
x2
ò g (t) dt = 2 + ò t g(t) dt
2
Hence,
ò x4
dx = 0
p
2 x -
6
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
9
x
g (x) = x + (–x2 (g (x)) Þ g (x) = 39. (a) Value of the integral ò f (x)dx
1 + x2 2
Y 9 2
= ò f (x)dx - ò f (x) dx ...(i)
(1, 1/2) -3 -3
9 2
-5 7
X Given, ò f (x) dx =
6
and ò f (x)dx = 3
-3 -3
Putting these values in equation (i)
(–1, –1/2) 9
-5 7 19
ò f ( x )dx = - =-
6 3 6
æ 1 1ö 2
Clearly from graph, a Î ç - , ÷ - {0}
è 2 2ø p
2
[f (x)] n +1
ò cos (sin x ) dx
ò [f ( x)] f ' (x )dx =
36. (d) Since n
+c 40. (a) I1 =
n +1 0
f 2 ( x)
ò
\ f ( x) cos x dx =
2
+c
1
f 1(x)
p sin 1
Þ f ' ( x) = cos x Þ f ( x ) = sin x cos 1 f 3(x)
2 f 2(x)
37. (b)
dy
dx
= f ' (x ) I2 = ò sin (cos x) dx
0
3 5
Þ - 1)( x - 1)( x - 2) (x - 3) = 0
x (e x 0 p
Critical points are 0, 1, 2, 3. 2
 EBD_7588
346 Mathematics Objective MCQs
p p/4 p/4

ò sec ò
n -2
2
=
2
q tan q dq – tan n -2 q dq
I3 = ò cos x dx
0 0
0
Let f1(x) = cos (sin x), f2(x) = sin (cos x), p/4
f3(x) = cos x = ò sec 2 q tan n - 2 q dq - u n - 2
If x > 0, then sin x < x 0
p
Þ for 0 < x < , sin (cos x) < cos x p/4
2 Þ un + un – 2 = ò sec 2 q tan n - 2 q dq
p 0
Also, 0 < x < then sin x < x
2 p/4
Þ cos (sin x) > cos x tan n -1 q 1
= =
p n -1 n -1
\ cos (sin x) > cos x > sin (cos x) if 0 < x < 0
2
\ I1 > I 3 > I 2 p /2
43. (b) f (p, q) = ò0 cos p x cos qx dx
(1 + x ) (1 + x )e x
41. (a) I = ò x (1 + xe x ) 2 dx = ò xe x (1 + xe x ) 2 dx
p /2
é p sin qx ù p /2 p
Put xe x = t Þ ( e x + xe x )dx = dt = ê cos x. +ò cos p -1 x sin x sin qx dx
ë q úû 0 0 q
dt
I=ò
t (1 + t ) 2 p p /2
cos p -1 x[cos (q - 1) x - cos qx cos x] dx
q ò0
= 0+
1 A B D
Let = + + , we get
t (1 + t ) 2 t 1 + t (1 + t ) 2 [Q cos(q – 1) x = cos qx cos x + sin qx sin x
\ cos (q – 1) x – cos qx
1 1 cos x = sin qx sin x)
A= = 1, D = = -1
(1 + 0) 2 -1
p p
Equating coefficient of t2, 0 = A + B Þ B = - 1 = f ( p - 1, q - 1) - f ( p, q)
q q
é1 1 1 ù
\I = ê - ò - ú dt
êë t 1 + t (1 + t ) úû
2
Þ
æ pö p
çè1 + q ÷ø f ( p , q) = q f ( p - 1, q - 1)
1
= ln | t | - ln | 1 + t | + +C p
1+ t f ( p, q) =f ( p - 1, q - 1)
Þ
t 1 p+q
= ln + +C 44. (c) Integrating by parts.
1+ t 1+ t

= ln
xe x
+
1
+C
ò f (x )g"(x ) dx - ò f "(x ) g(x ) dx
1 + xe x 1 + xe x = f ( x )g ' ( x ) - ò f ' ( x ) g ' ( x ) dx
p/4
- f ' ( x ) g ( x ) + ò f ' ( x ) g ' ( x )dx
42. (a) Given: un = ò tan n q dq
0 = f ( x ) g' ( x ) - f ' ( x ) g( x )
p/4
ò tan 2 q tan n -2 q dq 1 1
=
0
Hence, ò0 f (x ) g" ( x) dx - ò0 f " (x )g ( x ) dx
p/4 = f (1)g ' (1) - f ' (1)g(1) - f (0)g' (0) + f ' (0)g(0)
= ò (sec 2 q - 1) tan n -2 q dq
= f (1)g' (1) - f ' (1)g(1)
0
Integrals 347

¥ p /2
dx ln (cos x)
45. (c) ò (x 2 + a 2 )(x 2 + b2 ) 49. (d) I = ò x sin x
dx
0 -p /2 1 + e .e

¥ p /2
1 (x 2 + b 2 ) - (x 2 + a 2 ) ln (cos x)
= 2 2 ò
= ò - (x + sin x)
dx
b - a 0 (x 2 + a 2 )(x 2 + b 2 ) -p /2 1 + e
p /2
¥ ln (cos x)
é 1
1 1 ù Þ 2I = ò (1 + e(x + sin x) ) dx
=
2
b -a 2 ê 2
ëx +a 2
- ò údx
x + b2 û
2 -p /2 1 + e
x +sin x

0 p/2

1 é1 x 1 xù
¥ = ò ln (cos x) dx
= tan -1 - tan -1 -p/2
2 2 êa a b b úû 0
b -a ë p /2
p
=
1 ép
-
pù
=
p 2I = 2 ò ln (cos x) dx Þ I = -
2
ln 2
2 2 ê 2a 2 b ú 2ab (a + b) 0
b -a ë û
46. (c) We check from the given options one by
one. Options (a) and (b) do not satisfy. We check
50. (c) Let I = f -1 (x)dx ò
and f –1 (x) = t Þ x = f (t) Þ dx = f ' (t) dt
option (c).
Put value of dx and f –1 (x) in I, we get
x
Let f (x) =
2
+a
ò
I = t f '(t)dt

\ò
dx
=ò
2dx Now, integrate it by parts, I = t f (t) - f (t)dt
ò
x
+a (x + 2a )
2 Given, ò f (x) dx = g(x) + C
= 2 log (x + 2a) + c1 = log (x + 2a)2 + c1 \ I = tf (t) – [g(t)] + C
2 Now, by putting value of t, f (t) and g(t) we get,
æx ö I = xf –1(x) – g[f–1(x)] + C
= log ç + a ÷ + log 22 + c1
è2 ø dx dx
51. (c) I = ò n
=ò
2 x ( x + 1) æ 1 ö
æx ö
= log ç + a ÷ + c x n +1 ç1 + n ÷
è2 ø è x ø
47. (b) Let 1 n
Put 1 + = t Þ - n +1 dx = dt
sin x dx = ò x sin x dx (Q e = a)
n
I = òe 1n x log a
x x
1 dt 1 1 æ 1 ö
= - x cos x + ò1.cos x dx = (sin x - x cos x) + c I=- ò
n t
= - ln t + C = - ln çç1 + n ÷÷ + C
n n è x ø
f ( x ) f' ( x ) - f ' ( x ) f ( x ) æ f (x) ö
48. (b) I = ò f (x ) f (x)
log çç ÷÷ dx
è f (x ) ø
1 æ xn +1ö
I = - ln çç n ÷÷ + C \ A=-
1
n è x ø n
f( x )
Putting log =t p 1
f (x) 52. (c) According to question f ' (1) = tan =
6 3
f ( x ) f ( x )f ' ( x ) - f ' ( x )f ( x )
. . dx = dt, we get p p
f( x ) (f ( x )) 2 f ' (2) = tan = 3 and f ' (3) = tan = 1
3 4
2
1 1æ f( x ) ö 3 3
I= ò t dt = t 2 + k = çç log
2 2è
÷ + k, k Î R
f ( x ) ÷ø so, ò ò
f ' ' ( x )f ' ( x )dx + f ' ' ( x )dx
1 1
 EBD_7588
348 Mathematics Objective MCQs

3 Substitute
é {f ' ( x)}2 ù
ú + [f ' (x )]2 x 1 x
3
=ê tan = t Þ sec 2 dx = dt
êë 2 úû1 2 2 2
2 x
=
1 é 1ù
ê [
4
1- ú + 1- 3 = - 3
2 ë 3û 3
] Þ sec
2
dx = 2 dt .
Then
1 1 1 -1
é t 1 ù et I=ò
2 dt
= 2ò
dt
=2 +C
ò êë 1 + t úû ò 1 + t dt
t
53. (d) e log(1 + t )dt = e × - 1 + t 2 + 2t (1 + t ) 2 (1 + t )
0 0 0
-2
e = +c
= -1- A x
2 1 + tan
2
xe x
54. (b) I= ò 1+ e x
dx we have
2
x
2
-1
tan
= 1- + (c - 1) = +b,
x x
e x 1 + tan tan + 1
ò 1+ e x
dx = 2 1 + e x 2
Where b = c – 1, a new constant
2

Integrating I by parts with x as first function x

1 - tan
2 + b = - tanæç p - x ö÷ + b
I = x.2 1 + e x - 2 1 + e x dxò =-
1 + tan
x è4 2ø
2tdt 2
= 2x 1 + e x - 2 t × ò t 2 -1
(Putting 1 + ex = t2) æx pö
= tan ç - ÷ + b
è2 4ø
t 2 -1+1
= 2x 1 + e x - 4 ò t 2 -1
dt
Clearly a = -
p
and b Î R
4
é 1
= 2 x 1 + e x - 4 êt + log
t - 1ù
+c 57. (c) Let f(x ) = {f (x ) + f (- x)}{g(x ) - g(-x)}
ë 2 t + 1 úû f(-x) = {f (-x) + f ( x)}{g(-x) - g(x)}
æ x ö = - {f (x) + f (-x)}{g(x) - g(-x )} = - f(x )
ç 1+ e -1 ÷
= 2( x - 2) 1 + e x - 2 logç +c
ç 1 + e x + 1 ÷÷ p
è ø 2

55. (c) F ¢(x) = f(x) Also, F(t) = t 1 + t ( ) \ j (x) is an odd function Þ ò f(x)dx = 0
-p
3 2
Þ F¢(t) = 1 + t1/2; F¢(4) = 1 + 3 = 4 Þ f(4) = 4
2 58. (b) Let I = ò tan 2 x sec 4 x dx
1 dx Let tan x = t
56. (a) Let I = ò 1 + sin x dx = ò x Þ sec2 x dx = dt
2 tan
1+ 2 \ I = ò tan 2 x.sec 2 x.sec 2 x.dx
x 2
1 + tan
2 = ò tan 2 x(1 + tan 2 x )sec2 x.dx

\ I = ò t 2 (1 + t 2 )dt = ò (t 2 + t 4 ) dt
æ 2 xö x
ç1 + tan ÷dx sec 2
dx
è 2ø t5 t3 tan5 x tan3 x
ò x
1 + tan 2 + 2 tan
x
= ò x
2
1 + tan 2 + 2 tan
x = + +c =
5 3 5
+
3
+c
2 2 2 2
Integrals 349

p dz
ò 1 + z 2 = 2 tan
-1
2
=2 z+C
59. (a) Let I = ò sin 2x ln ( cot x ) dx
0 x2 + x +1
= 2 tan -1 +C
p p
x
2 2 1 1
dx e x dx
= ò sin 2x ln ( cos x ) dx - ò sin 2x ln ( sin x ) dx 61. (a) Let I = ò e x + e = ò e x ( e x + e)
0 0 0 0
put ex = t Þ ex dx = dt
p e e
dt 1 æ1 1 ö
I= ò = òç -
2
é æp öù æp ö
= ò sin ê 2 ç + x ÷ú ln cos ç + x ÷ dx t (t + e ) e è t t + e ÷ø
ë è 2 ø û è 2 ø 1 1
0
e e
p 1 1 1 1
2 = ò dt - ò + dt
e1t e1t e
- ò sin 2x ln ( sin x ) dx
0 1 e 1 e
= [ log t ]1 - [ log (t + e) ]1
e e
p
1 e
2
= [ log t - log (t + e)]
= ò sin ( p + 2x ) ln ( sin x ) dx e 1
0 e
1é æ t öù 1é æ eö æ 1 öù
= e êlog çè t + e ÷ø ú = êlog çè ÷ø - log çè ÷
p ë û1 e ë 2e 1 + e ø úû
2
- ò sin 2x ln ( sin x ) dx 1 é 1 ù 1 1 + eö
0 = log ê 2 ú = log æç ÷
e 1 e è 2 ø
ë (1 + e) û
p p
3 1
2 2 62. (b) òe
3 log x
( x 4 + 1) -1 dx = e log x ò dx
= ò sin 2x ln ( sin x ) dx - ò sin 2x ln (sin x ) dx 4
x +1
0 0
x3 1
ò x 4 + 1 dx = 4 log( x
4
=0 = + 1) + C
x -1
60. (b) ò (x +1)2 x3 + x 2 + x
dx
[since e log e x = x 3 ]
3

63. (c) I = ò 2 sin x. cos x. log cos x dx

(x 2 - 1)
= ò 2 1
dx put log cos x = t
( x + 2x + 1).x x + + 1 sin x
x \- dx = dt
cos x
æ 1 ö cos x
ç1 - 2 ÷
è x ø 2z dz I= ò 2 sin x. cos x .t - sin x dt
=
æ ò 1 ö 1
dx = ò (z2 + 1).z
ç x + + 2 ÷ x + +1
è x ø x ò
= - 2 cos 2 x . t dt = -2 te 2 t dt ò
é e2t e2t ù 1
é ù
1
x
2 æ 1 ö
êPutting x + + 1 = z Þ çç1 - 2 ÷÷dx = 2z dz ú
è x ø
= - 2 ê t.
êë 2
-
2 úû
ò
.dt ú = - t e 2t + e 2 t + k
2
ë û
 EBD_7588
350 Mathematics Objective MCQs

æ1 ö ì1 ü et t 1 et
e 2 t ç - t ÷ + k = cos 2 x.í - log cos x ý + k = +òe dt – ò dt
è2 ø î2 þ 1+ t (1 + t )2 (1 + t ) 2
a a
et x
64. (c) Use ò0 f (x )dx = ò0 f (a - x )dx =
1+ t
+c =
1 + log x
+c

p sin 2 mx p sin( 2 m p - 2 mx ) 4 4
ò0 sin x
dx = ò0 sin( p - x )
dx
67. (a) ò ò
f (x ) f( x ) dx = f (4 - x ) f (4 - x ) dx
0 0
p - sin 2 mx
= ò sin x
dx = -I Þ 2I = 0 Þ I = 0 4
= ò f ( x ).(3 - f(x )) dx
0

65. (b) ò sin x log(tan x)dx 0

1 éQ f ( x ) = f ( 4 - x ) ù
= - cos x log tan x - ò (- cos x) .sec 2 x dx êand f( x ) + f( 4 - x ) = 3ú
tan x ë û
4
1
= - cos x log tan x + ò dx = 3 ò f (x ) dx - I Þ 2 I = 3.2 \I=3
sin x
0
x 68. (b) If
1 + tan 2
= - cos x log(tan x ) + ò 2 dx 11 1
x -
11
-
1 -
- -2
2 tan
2 I=ò 3 3
sin xcos x dx, here 3 3 = -3
2
x (a negative integer)
Now putting = t , we get,
2 -
11
1 11
sin 3 x - -
1
= - cos x log tan x + ò .dt
t
I= ò -
11
cos 3 x.cos 3 x dx

cos 3 x
= - cos x log tan x + log(t ) + c
11
-
æ xö = ò ( tan x ) 3 ( cos x )-4 dx
= - cos x log tan x + log tan ç ÷ + c
è 2ø 11
-
log x = ò ( tan x ) 3 x . sec4 x dx
66. (c) Let I = ò dx
(1 + log x)2
(1 + tan 2 x ) sec2 x dx
11
-
1
= ò ( tan x ) 3

Put log x = t Þ dx = dt Put tan x = t , sec 2 x dx = dt

x
et t et .(t + 1 –1)
I =ò dt = ò dt 11
(1 + t )2 (1 + t )2 I = t - 3 1 + t 2 dt
ò ( )
t t
e (1 + t ) e 8 2
=ò dt – ò dt æ -11 - 5 ö - -
(1 + t ) 2 (1 + t )2 ç
=ò t 3 +t 3 ÷ dt =
t 3 t 3
+ +C
ç ÷ 8 2
et et è ø - -
=ò dt – ò dt 3 3
1+ t (1 + t )2 8 2
3 3
e t
1 e t =- ( tan x )- 3 - ( tan x )- 3 + C
8 2
= – ò – et dt – ò dt
1+ t (1 + t ) 2
(1 + t )2 2
3 3
= - cot 3 x - cot 8/3 x + C
2 8
Integrals 351

sin x dx p /4
69. (c) I= ò 4 sin x cos x cos 2 x p /4
t2 p2
\ I= ò tdt =
2
=
32
1 cos x dx 0 0
=
4 ò (1 - sin 2 x )(1 - 2 sin 2 x ) æ px ö
72. (c) Given function f (x) = A sin ç ÷ + B
1 dt è 2 ø
=
4 ò (1 - t 2 )(1 - 2 t 2 ) Differentiating w. r. t. x
px p
[t = sin x] f ' (x) = A cos æç ö÷ .
1 æ 2 1 ö è 2 ø 2
= ò çç - ÷÷ dt æ1ö æ pö p 1 p
2
4 è 1 - 2t 1- t 2 ø f ' ç ÷ = 2 = A ç cos ÷ = A. .
è2ø è 4ø 2 2 2
1 ïì 2 1+ 2t 1 1+ t ïü
= í log - log ý+C ( 2 ´ 2) ´ 2 4
4 îï 2 2 1- 2t 2 1- t þï Þ A= =
p p
1 2A
1 sin x -1 1 2 sin x -1
= log
8
-
sin x +1 4 2
log
2 sin x +1
+C Now,
0 ò
f (x) dx =
p
1ì æ px ö ü 2´4
70. (b) Let I = ò æ
dx
6 ö
Þ ò 0 íîA sin çè 2 ÷ø + Býþ dx = p2
x 29 ç1 - 7 ÷
è x ø 1
é px 2 ù 8
6 42 7 6 Þ ê - A cos . + Bx ú =
Put 1 - =p Þ dx = dp and x = ë 2 p û 0 p2
x 7
x 8 1- p
4 2 p 4 2 8
1 (1 - p) 3 Þ - . cos + B + . cos 0 =
\I =
42 ò (6) 3 p
dp p p 2 p p p2
8 8
1 1 - p 3 - 3p + 3p 2 Þ B+ = Þ B=0
(42)(216) ò
2
= dp p p2
p
1
1 æ1 ö dx
=
9072 ò çç - p 2 - 3 + 3 p ÷÷ dp
p
73. (b) Let I = ò ( x2 + 16)( x2 + 25)
è ø 0
1
1 æç p3 3 ö 1 æ 1 1 ö
- 3p + p 2 ÷ + c
9 ò çè x 2 + 16 x 2 + 25 ÷ø
= log p - = - dx
9072 çè 3 2 ÷ø 0
1 1
= (6 ln p - 2p 3 - 18p + 9p 2 ) + c 1æ 1 -1 x 1 xö
- tan -1 ÷
54432 = ç tan
9è 4 4 5 5 ø0
1
= (ln p 6 + 9 p 2 - 2p 3 - 18p) + c 1 é 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 ù
54432 = tan - tan
9 êë 4 4 5 5 úû
1 æ x7 - 6 ö
A= , p=ç ÷ x2 - x + 1 -1
ç x7 ÷ . ecot x
54432 è ø 74. (b) Let I =
x +1
ò dx
2
1
tan –1 Put x = cot t Þ – cosec2 t dt = dx
71. (d) Let I = ò 1∗ x 2 dx Now, 1 + cot2 t = cosec2 t
0 et (cot 2 t - cot t + 1)
Put tan–1x = t \ I=ò (- cosec 2t ) dt
1 (1 + cot 2 t )
dx = dt t 2
1 + x2 = ò e (cot t - cosec t ) dt = et cot t + C
x= 0, Þt = 0 -1 -1
x = 1, Þ t = p/4 = ecot x
( x) + C º A(x) . ecot x
+ C ÞA(x) = x
 EBD_7588
352 Mathematics Objective MCQs

x n -1 dx 77. (d) ò cot

4
ò (
xdx = cot 2 x. cos ec 2 x - 1 dx )
75. (a) Let I = ò x2n + a 2
Let xn = t Þ n . xn–1 dx = dt ò
= cot 2 x cos ec 2 x dx - (cos ec 2 x - 1)dx ò
1 dt 1 1 -1 æ t ö 1
=- cot 3 x + cot x + x + c
\ I= ò n . t 2 + a2 = . tan ç ÷ + C
n a èaø
3
1 1
1 é xn ù \ f(x ) = - cot 3 x + cot x + x + c + cot 3 x - cot x
= tan -1 ê ú + C 3 3
na êë a úû =x+c
|x| æ pö p
\ fç ÷ = + c, \ c = 0, \ f( x ) = x
76. (b) Let f(x) = 2 è 2ø 2
8 cos 2 x + 1
| -x | |x| 78. (c) Let
then f ( - x ) = =
¥
8 cos 2 2( - x ) + 1 8 cos 2 2 x + 1 ¥
é e -ax ù
¥
e - ax
= f(x)
\ f (x) is even function
ò
I n = x n e -ax = ê x n ×
ê
ë
ú
- a ûú
- nx n -1 ×
-a òdx
0 0 0
p p
1 xn n n
2
| x |dx
2
| x | dx =- lim + I n -1 \ I n = I n -1
ò 2 = 2ò a x ®¥ e ax a a
\I =
-p 8cos 2x + 1 8cos 2x + 1
2
0 n n -1 n (n - 1)(n - 2)
2 = × I n -2 = I n -3
a a a3
p
2 ..............................................................
x dx
=2 ò 8 cos 2 2 x + 1 = 2 I1 ..............................................................
¥
0
n! n!
òe
Now - ax
= dx =
p
æp ö p a n
a n +1
ç - x ÷ dx p 0
2 2 -x
è 2 ø (a) Put x = tan q Þ dx = sec 2 q d q
\ I1 = ò 2 æp ö
= ò 2
2
8 cos 2 x + 1
dx 79.
0 8 cos 2ç - x ÷ + 1
è2 ø
0
q 1 + tan q + tan 2 q
p
I= òe 1 + tan 2 q
. sec 2 q d q

q
= ò e (tan q + sec q) dq
2 2
p dx
= ò
2 8 cos 2 2 x + 1
- I1
-1
0 = eq tan q + c = xe tan x
+c
p 1
2
(a) Let I = ò xe
x dx
p 4
dx 80.
2 I1 =
2
.2 ò
2 0
0 8 cos 2 x + 1 Let x2 = t
p Þ 2x dx = dt
4
sec 2 2x dt
= pò dx ; Þ xdx =
9 + tan 2 2x 2
0 when x = 0, t = 0 then x = 1, t = 1
Put tan 2x = t Þ 2sec2 2x dx = dt 1
1
1 1
¥ ¥ Þ I = ò e t dt = ée t ù
p dt p 1 é tù p 1 p 2 2 ë û0
2I1 = ò = . êtan -1 ú = . . 0
2
2 9+t 2 3 ë 3 û0 2 3 2 1 é x 2 ù1 1 e –1
0 = ê e ú = [e – e0 ] =
p2 p2 2ë û0 2 2
\ I1 = Þ I = 2 I1 =
24 12
Integrals 353
p p x Put tan x = t
ò0 log(1 + cos x )dx = ò0 log( 2 cos
2
81. (c) I= )dx sec2 x dx = dt
2
p x p
= ò 0 (log 2 + 2 log cos 2 )dx when x = 0 then t = 0 and when x =
4
,t=1

p p x 1
= ò0 log 2dx + 2ò0 log cos 2 dx \ In + In–2 = t n - 2 dtò
p 2 0
x
= p log 2 + 2 0 ò (2 log cos t )dt where
2
=t 1 1
t n - 2 +1 t n -1 1 1
æ p ö = = = [1 - 0] =
n - 2 +1 n -1 n -1 n -1
= p log 2 + 4 ç - log 2 ÷ 0 0
è 2 ø
= p log 2 - 2p log 2 = - p log 2 2 2
85. (a) We have, if e x > 2, < 1 . Also x > 0
x
e e
é p2 p2 p ù é 2ù
ê ò0 log sin q dq = ò0 log cos q dq = - 2 log 2 ú
2 \ If x > log e 2, ê ú = 0
ë û Þ0< <1
ex ë ex û
82. (c) Since f (x) is an even function therefore
p p/2 Again if 0 < x < log e 2 then 1 < e x < 2
ò f ( x) dx = 2 ò f ( x) dx
Þ1>
1
>
1 2 2
Þ 2 > x > 1 or 1 < x < 2
0 0 x
e 2 e e
p p/2
Hence, ò f (cos x) dx = 2 ò f (cos x) dx é 2 ù é 2ù
¥
-x
\ ê ú = 1 \ I = ò ê x ú dx = ò éë2e ùû dx
¥

0 0 x
ëe û 0 ëe û 0
2 xæ1 1 ö
83. (a) Let I = ò1 e ç - 2
è x x
÷ dx
ø
log 2
é 2e - x ù dx +
¥
é2e - x ù dx
2
= ò ë û ò ë û
1 0 log 2
òe
x
= ( f ( x ) + f ¢ ( x )) dx where f ( x) =
x log 2 ¥
1

= e x f ( x)
2 = ò (1) dx + ò (0) dx = log e 2
0 log 2
1
2 86. (b) Put, ln x = t
ex e2 æe ö 1
\ I= = - e = e ç - 1÷ Þ
t
dx = dt Þ dx = x dt = e dt
x 2 è2 ø x
1
p/4 æ 1 ö
84. (b) Let I n = ò tan n x dx è
ò
\ I = çç ln t + ÷÷ e t dt
t2 ø
0
Consider, æ 1 1 1 ö
è
ò
= çç ln t + - + ÷÷ e t dt
t t t2 ø
p/4 p/4
I n + I n- 2 = ò tan n x dx + ò tan n - 2 x dx
=
æ 1ö t tæ 1
ò çè ln t + t ÷ø e dt + ò e ççè - t + t 2 ÷÷ødt
1 ö
0 0
p/4
et é d 1 d æ 1ö 1 ù
= ò tan n - 2 x (tan 2 x + 1) dx = e t ln t -
t
+ c êQ ln t = and
ë dt t
ç- ÷ = ú
dt è t ø t 2 û
0
x
p/4 = x ln (ln x ) - +c
= ò sec x tan 2 n- 2
x dx ln x
0
 EBD_7588
354 Mathematics Objective MCQs
2p b c
æ a + b sec x ö =a+ +
87. (a) ò log ç ÷ dx
è a - b sec x ø
2 3
\ From equations (i) and (ii), we get
0
p
æ a + b sec x ö æ 1ö
ò
= 2 log ç ÷ dx
è a - b sec x ø
1
ò 0 f ( x)dx =
f (0) + 4 f ç ÷ + f (1)
è 2ø
0 6
p p
= 2 log (a + b sec x) dx –2 log (a - b sec( p - x) ) dx
ò ò 90.
æ 1ö
(c) Given F (x) = f (x) + f ç ÷ ,where
0 0
è xø
p p x log t
f (x) = ò
ò ò
= 2 log (a + b sec x) dx – 2 log (a + b sec x ) dx = 0 1 1+ t
dt

\ F(e) = f (e) + f æç 1 ö÷
0 0

{ }
2 è eø
88. (a) Let ò K 2 + ( 4 - 4 K ) x + 4 x3 dx £ 12
1 e log
t 1/ e log t

2
Þ F(e) =
ò11+ t
dt + ò
1 1+ t
dt ....(A)

2 ( 4 - 4 K ) x 2 4 x4 1/ e log t
Þ K x+ + £ 12 Now for solving, I = ò dt
2 4 1 1+ t
1
1 1 dz
Þ [2K2 + (2 – 2K) (4) + 16] – [K2 + (2 – 2K) + 1] £ 12 \ Put = z Þ - dt = dz Þ dt = –
2
Þ (2K2 + 8 – 8K + 16) – (K2 – 2K + 3) £ 12 t t z2
and limit for t = 1 Þ z = 1 and for t = 1/e Þ z = e
Þ K2 – 6K + 21 £ 12
Þ K2 – 6K + 9 £ 0 Þ (K – 3)2 £ 0 æ 1ö
log ç ÷
ÞK=3 e è z ø æ dz ö
\ I= ò -
89. (a) Given, f (x) = a + bx + cx2 1 1 çè z 2 ÷ø
1+
1 1 z
ò 0 f ( x)dx = ò 0 (a + bx + cx
2
\ )dx
e (log1 - log z ).z æ dz ö
=ò çè - 2 ÷ø
é
1 1 z +1 z
bx2 cx3 ù
= ê ax + + ú e log z
e log z æ dz ö
ëê 2 3 úû
0 =ò - ç - ÷ = ò1 dz
1 ( z + 1) è z ø z ( z + 1)
b c
=a+ + ..(i) e log t
2 3 \ I= ò dt
1 t (t + 1)
æ1ö b c Equation (A) becomes:
Here, f (0) = a, f ç ÷ = a + +
è2ø 2 4 e log t e log t
and f(1) = a + b + c F(e) = ò dt + ò dt
1 1+ t 1 t (1 + t )
æ 1ö e t.log t + log t e (log t )(t + 1)
f (0) + 4 f ç ÷ + f (1)
è 2ø =ò dt = ò dt
Now, 1 t (1 + t ) 1 t (1 + t )
6
e log t
æ b cö Þ F(e) = ò dt
a + 4ç a + + ÷ + a + b + c 1 t
è 2 4ø
= 1
6 Let log t = x \ dt = dx
t
æ 4 a + 2b + c ö
a + 4ç ÷+a+b+c [for limit t = 1, x = 0 and t = e, x = log e = 1]
è 4 ø
= 1
6 1 é x2 ù 1
\ F(e) =
=
a + 4a + 2b + c + a + b + c 6a + 3b + 2c
=
ò0 x dx F(e) = ê ú Þ F(e) =
ëê 2 ûú 0 2
6 6
 Application of
24
Integrals
1 7. What is the area of the region enclosed by y = 2
1. If the area enclosed by y2 = 4ax is sq. unit, |x| and y = 4?
3
(a) 2 square unit (b) 4 square unit
then the roots of the equation x2 + 2x = a, are
(a) –4 and 2 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 8 square unit (d) 16 square unit
(c) –2 and –4 (d) 8 and –8 8. The triangle formed by the tangent to the curve
2. Let f(x) be a continuous function such that the f(x) = x2 + bx - b at the point (1, 1) and the
area bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and the coordinate axes, lies in the first quadrant. If its
lines area is 2, then the value of b is
a2 a p (a) -1 (b) 3 (c) -3 (d) 1
x = 0 and x = a is + sin a + cos a, then
2 2 2
æ pö é x2 ù
fç ÷ = 9. Area bounded by the curves y = ê + 2 ú ([×]
è 2ø ëê 64 ûú
1
(a) 1 (b) denotes the greatest integer function), v = x – 1
2
and x = 0, above the x-axis is
1
(c) (d) None of these (a) 2 sq unit (b) 3 sq unit
3
3. The area bounded by y = x2 + 3 and y = 2x + 3 (c) 4 sq unit (d) None of these
is (in sq. units) 10. The area of the region (in sq. units), in the first
quadrant bounded by the parabola y = 9x2 and
12 4 3 8
(a) (b) (c) (d) the lines x = 0, y = l and y = 4, is :
7 3 4 3
4. The area of the smaller segment cut off from the (a) 7/9 (b) 14/3 (c) 7/3 (d) 14/9
circle x2 + y2 = 9 by x = 1 is 11. The area bounded by the curve y2 (2a – x) = x3
and the line x = 2a is
1
(a) (9 sec -1 3 - 8) sq unit 3pa 2
2 (a) 3pa2 sq. unit (b) sq. unit
2
(b) (9sec -1 3 - 8) sq unit
3pa 2 6pa 2
-1
(c) ( 8 - 9sec 3) sq unit (c) sq. unit (d) sq. unit
4 5
(d) None of the above 12. The area enclosed between the curves
5. What is the area of the parabola x2 = y bounded
by the line y = 1 ? æ1ö
y = log e ( x + e), x = log e ç ÷ , and the x-axis is
1 2 è yø
(a) square unit (b) square unit
3 3
4 (a) 2 sq. units (b) 1 sq. units
(c) square units (d) 2 square units (c) 4 sq. units (d) None of these
3
13. The value of a (a > 0) for which the area bounded
6. What is the area under the curve y = | x | + | x – 1|
between x = 0 and x = 1 ? x 1
by the curves y = + , y = 0, x = a and
1 3 6 x2
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 2 x = 2a has the least value is
2 2
(a) 2 (b) 1/3
2 (c) 2 (d) 1
 EBD_7588
356 Mathematics Objective MCQs
14. The value of a (a > 0) for which the area bounded ln 2
(a) ln 2 square units (b) square units
x 1 2
by the curves y = + 2 , y = 0, x = a and x =
6 x (c) 2(ln 2) square units(d) None of these
2a has the least value is 21. What is the area of the portion of the curve
1/3 y = sin x, lying between x = 0, y = 0 and x = 2p ?
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 1 (a) 1 square unit (b) 2 square units
15. If f (x) = a + bx + cx , where c > 0 and b2 – 4ac < 0,
2
(c) 4 square units (d) 8 square units
then the area enclosed by the coordinate axes, 22. What is the area enclosed between the curves
the line x = 2 and the curve y = f (x) is given by y2 = 12x and the lines x = 0 and y = 6?
(a) 2 sq unit (b) 4 sq unit
(c) 6 sq unit (d) 8 sq unit
1
(a) {4 f (1) + f (2)} 23. What is the area bounded by the curves y = ex,
3
y = e–x and the straight line x = 1?
1
(b) { f (0) + 4 f (1) + f (2)} æ 1ö æ 1ö
2 (a) ç e + ÷ sq unit (b) ç e - ÷ sq unit
è eø è eø
1
(c) { f (0) + 4 f (1)}
2 æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
1 (c) ç e + - 2 ÷ sq unit (d) ç e - - 2 ÷ sq unit
{ f (0) + 4 f (1) + f (2)} è e ø è e ø
(d)
3 24. The area bounded by the curve y = x(3 – x)2, the
16. The area enclosed between the curve y = x-axis and the ordinates of the maximum and
log e ( x + e) and the coordinate axes is minimum points of the curve, is given by
(a) 1 sq unit (b) 2 sq unit
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (c) 4 sq unit (d) None of these
17. The area of the figure bounded by y2 = 2x + 1 and
x – y = 1 is 25. The area bounded by the x-axis, the curve
y = f(x) and the lines x =1, x =b, is equal to
2 4 8 16
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3 b 2 + 1 - 2 for all b > 1, then f(x) is
18. The area bounded by the curve y = f(x), y = x and
(a) x -1 (b) x +1
the lines x = 1, x = t is (t + 1 + t 2 ) - 2 - 1 sq unit,
for all t > 1. If f(x) satisfying f(x) > x for all x > 1, x
then f(x) is equal to (c) 2 (d)
x +1 1+ x 2
x x
(a) x +1 + (b) x+
26. Which of the following is not the area of the
1 + x2 1 + x2
region bounded by y = ex and x = 0 and y = e?
x x e
(c) 1 + 2 (d) 2 (a) e – 1 (b) ò ln(e + 1 - y)dy
1+ x 1+ x
1
19. The value of c + 2 for which the area of the figure 1 e
x
bounded by the curve y = 8x2 – x5, the straight (c) e - ò e dx (d) ò ln y dy
0 1
16 27. The area enclosed by the curve
lines x = 1 and x = c and x-axis is equal to , is
3
x = a cos 3 t , y = b sin 3 t and the positive
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) –1 (d) 4
directions of x-axis and y-axis is
20. What is the area bounded by y = tan x , y = 0 and
pab pab 3pab 5pab
p (a) (b) (c) (d)
x= ? 4 32 32 32
4
Application of Integrals 357
28. The area of the region enclosed by the curves 35. The figure shows as triangle AOB and the
y = x log x and y = 2x – 2x2 is parabola y = x2. The ratio of the area of the triangle
AOB to the area of the region AOB of the
parabola y = x2 is equal to
5 7 4
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) Y
12 12 7
29. The area bounded by the curves y = f(x), the
x-axis, and the ordinates x = 1 and x = b is (b – 1) A(– a, a2) B(a, a2)
sin (3b + 4). Then f(x) is
(a) (x – 1) cos (3x + 4)
(b) sin (3x + 4) X
O(0, 0)
(c) sin (3x + 4) + 3(x – 1) cos (3x + 4)
(d) None of these
30. The area of the region formed by 3 3 7 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 4 8 6
5 36. Let f(x) be a continuous function such that the
x 2 + y 2 - 6 x - 4 y + 12 £ 0, y £ x and x £ is
area bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and the
2
lines
æp 3 + 1ö a2 a p
(a) çç - ÷ x = 0 and x = a is + sin a + cos a, then
è6 8 ÷ø sq unit 2 2 2
æpö
æp 3 -1ö fç ÷ =
è2ø
(b) çç 6 + 8 ÷÷ sq unit 1
è ø (a) 1 (b)
2
æp 3 -1 ö 1
çç - ÷ (c) (d) None of these
(c) 8 ÷ø sq unit 3
è6
1 x2
(d) None of these 37. If c1 = y = and c 2 = y = be two
1+ x2 2
31. The area enclosed by the curve x 2 y = 36, the curves lying in XY-plane, then
x-axis and the lines x = 6 and x = 9 is 1
(a) area bounded by curve y = and
(a) 6 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 2 1+ x2
32. Area bounded by the curves y = ex, y = e–x and p
y = 0 is
the straight line x = 1 is (in sq. units) 2
1 1 p
(a) e+ (b) e+ +2 (b) area bounded by c1 and c2 is - 1
e e 2
p
1 1 (c) area bounded by c1 and c2 is 1 -
(c) e+ -2 (d) e - + 2 2
e e 1
33. The area of the region bounded by the parabola (d) area bounded by curve y = and
1+ x2
(y – 2)2 = x –1, the tangent of the parabola at the
p
point (2, 3) and the x-axis is: x-axis is
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 3 2
38. The area bounded by the curves y = lnx, y = ln
34. Area bounded by the curve xy2 = a2(a – x) and |x|,y = | ln x | and y = | ln |x| | is
y-axis is
pa 2 / 2sq. units (a) 4 sq. units (b) 6 sq. units
(a) (b) pa 2 sq. units
(c) 10 sq. units (d) None of these
(c) 3pa 2 sq. units (d) None of these
 EBD_7588
358 Mathematics Objective MCQs
39. If the ordinate x = a divides the area bounded by 25 -1 4 25 -1 4
8 (a) 2+ sin (b) 2 + sin
x-axis, part of the curve y = 1 + 2 and the 2 5 4 5
x 25 -1 1
ordinates x = 2, x = 4 into two equal parts, then a (c) 2 + sin (d) None of these
is equal to 2 5
45. What is the area bounded by the curve
(a) 2 (b) 2 2 y = 4x – x2 – 3 and the x-axis?
(c) 3 2 (d) None of these (a) 2/3 sq unit (b) 4/3 sq unit
(c) 5/3 sq unit (d) 4/5 sq unit
40. If the area enclosed by y 2 = 4ax and line 46. What is the area enclosed by the equation
y = ax is 1/3 sq. units , then the area enclosed x2 + y2 = 2?
by y = 4x with same parabola is (a) 4p square units (b) 2p square units
(a) 8 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units (c) 4p2 square units (d) 4 square units
(c) 4/3 sq. units (d) 8/3 sq. units 47. The line y = mx bisects the area enclosed by
41. The area bounded by the curve y = sin–1x and
lines x =0, y = 0 and x = 3/2 and the curve
p
the line x = 0, | y |= is y = 1 + 4x – x2. Then the value of m is
2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) p (d) 2p 13 13 13 13
42. The area of the region (a) (b) (c) (d)
6 2 5 7
R = {( x, y ) :| x |£| y | and x 2 + y 2 £ 1} is 48. The area enclosed between the curves y = ax2
and x = ay2 (a > 0) is 1 sq. unit, then the value of
3p 5p a is
(a) sq. unit (b) sq. unit
8 8 1 1 1
p p (a) (b) (c) 1 (d)
(c) sq. unit (d) sq. unit 3 2 3
2 8 49. If y = f(x) makes +ve intercept of 2 and 0 unit on x
43. The area bounded by f (x) = x2, 0 £ x £ 1, and y axes and encloses an area of 3/4 square
2
g(x) = - x + 2,1 £ x £ 2 and x - axis is
3 4
unit with the axes then ò xf ¢( x)dx is
(a) (b) 0
2 3 (a) 3/2 (b) 1 (c) 5/4 (d) –3/4
8 50. The slope of the tangent to a curve y = f(x) at
(c) (d) None of these (x, f (x)) is 2x + 1. If the curve passes through the
3
44. The area bounded by the curves x2 + y2 = 25, point (1, 2), then the area of the region bounded
4y = |4 – x2| and x = 0, above x-axis is by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 1 is
5 6
(a) sq unit (b) sq unit
6 5
1
(c) sq unit (d) 6 sq unit
6

Answer KEYs
1 (a) 6 (b) 11 (b) 16 (a) 21 (b) 26 (c) 31 (d) 36 (b) 41 (b) 46 (b)
2 (b) 7 (c) 12 (a) 17 (d) 22 (c) 27 (c) 32 (c) 37 (b) 42 (c) 47 (a)
3 (b) 8 (c) 13 (d) 18 (a) 23 (c) 28 (b) 33 (b) 38 (a) 43 (d) 48 (a)
4 (b) 9 (c) 14 (d) 19 (a) 24 (c) 29 (c) 34 (b) 39 (b) 44 (a) 49 (d)
5 (c) 10 (d) 15 (d) 20 (b) 25 (d) 30 (c) 35 (b) 40 (d) 45 (b) 50 (a)
Application of Integrals 359

4/ a
1. (a) y =ò (a × x - 4 a × x ) dx 5. (c)
0
A D
1 4/a 4/a
=ò ax dx - ò 4ax dx
3 0 0
4/ a 4/ a
1 é ax 2 ù é (4 ax)3 / 2 ù B(–1, 0) O C (1, 0)
=ê ú -2ê ú
3 ëê 2 ûú ëê 3 ûú 0
0
16a
Area of ABCD = 2 × 1 = 2 sq. units
1 a2 2 é æ 4 ö ù
3/ 2
= - ê 4a ç ÷ ú , a = 8. 1
3 2 3ê èaø ú x3 2
ë û Area of BAODC = ò x dx = 3
1 2
= sq. units
Putting the value of a in x2 + 2x – a = 0, we get its -1 3
-1
roots i.e., –4 and 2.
2. (b) We have, 2 4
Required area = 2 - = sq. units
a 3 3
a2 a p
ò f (x) dx = + sin a + cos a
2 2 2
6. (b) | x | for x ³ 0
= x and | x – 1 | for x £ 1 = – (x – 1),
0
Differentiating w.r.t. a, we get 1

1 p
so, ò 0 (| x | + | x - 11|) = required area
f(a) = a + (sin a + a cos a) – sin a
2 2 1 1

p æpö p 1 p 1
a= ò0 x dx - ò 0 (x - 1) dx
Put a = ; f ç ÷ = + – =
2 è2ø 2 2 2 2 é x2 ù
1
é x2 ù
1
3. (b) Given curves are y = x2 + 3 and y = 2x + 3 = ê ú - ê - x ú = 1 - æ 1 - 1ö = 1 sq units
points of intersection are (0, 3) and (2, 7) ëê 2 ûú0 êë 2 úû 0 2 çè 2 ÷ø
\ Required area
2 7. (c)
2
x3 2 x 2
= ò ( x - 2 x)dx = 3 - 2
2

0 0 (2, 4)
8 4 (–2, 4)
= - 4 = sq. unit
3 3
y
4. (b) Given, equation of A(1,2 2)
2 2
the circle is x + y = 9.
\ Area of the smaller x' x O
segment cut off from O C(3,0)
the circle x2 + y2 Required Area =
B(1, - 2 2) 4
= 9 by x = 1, is given by 4
y' x = 1
y y2 16
3 1é 2 -1 x ù
3 2 ò 2
dy =
2
=
2
= 8 sq. unit.
A = 2ò 9 - x dx = 2 × ê x 9 - x + 9sin ú
2
y =0 0
1 2ë 3 û1 or Area = 2 × 4 = 8 sq. unit.
é æ3ö æ 1 öù 8. (c) f(x) = x2 + bx - b; f ¢(x) = 2x + b Þ f ¢(1) = b + 2
= ê3 × 9 - 9 + 9sin -1 ç ÷ - 1 × 9 - 1 - 9 sin -1 ç ÷ ú Equation of tangent : y - 1 = (b + 2) (x - 1)
ë è3ø è 3 øû Putting x = 0 Þ y = 1 - b - 2 = -b - 1 > 0 Þ b < -1
-1
= [9sec (3) - 8] sq. unit.
 EBD_7588
360 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 -1 x3
Putting y = 0 Þ x - 1 = - Þ x= +1 From (i) we have, y2 =
b+2 b+2 2a - x
b +1 x3
= > 0 Þ b < -2 or b > -1 But < 0 for x > 2a and x < 0
b+2 2a - x
Combining, the two conditions = b < -2 So, curve does not lie in the portion x > 2a and
1 b +1 x < 0, therefore curve lies in 0 £ x £ 2a .
Now, |-b -1| = 2; (b + 1)2 = 4|b + 2| \ Area bounded by the curve and line
2 b+2 2a 2a
= -4b - 8 x3 / 2
Þ (b + 3)2 = 0
b < -2
Þ b = -3 follows the condition = ò ydx =
ò 2a - x
dx
0 0
x2 Put x = 2a sin2q and dx = 4a sin q cosq dq
9. (c) We have, 0 £ < 1, if –8 < x < 8 p/2
64
é3 1 pù
ò 8a
2
2 \ I= sin 4 q dq = 8a 2 ê . . ú
x ë4 2 2û
Þ2£ + 2 < 3, if | x | < 8 0
64
2
é x2 ù 3pa
Þ y = ê + 2 ú = 2, if | x | < 8 = sq. unit
2
ë 64 û
The graphs of the given curves is as shown in æ1ö
figure. 12. (a) y = log e ( x + e), x = log e ç ÷ or y = e–x.
y è yø
For y = loge(x + e), shift the graph of y = logex, e
y=0
units to the left hand side.
C (0,2) B(3,2)
0 ¥
Required area = ò log e ( x + e) dx + ò e - x dx
Dy 1-e 0
P(x,y)
0
A x
x' x =| x log e ( x + e) |10-e - ò dx - | e - x |¥
0
O (1,0) (2,0) (3,0) x+e
1-e
(0,–1) 1-e
æ e ö -¥ 0
y'
= ò ç1 -
è x + e
÷ dx - e + e
ø
2 0
Req. area = area of the shaded region = ò x dy
0 =| x - e log( x + e) |10-e -0 +1
2 1 2 9 1 = 1 - e + e log e + 1 = 2 sq. units.
= ò ( y + 1) dy = éë( y +1)2 ùû = - = 4 sq. unit.
0 2 0 2 2 –x
4 4 x = –e y=e y
y 1
10. (d) Required area = ò dy = ò y1/2 dy
9 3 3
y =1 y =1
1 2 4 2 1/2 3 2 y = loge (x + e)
1/2 3
= ´ ( y 3/2 ) 1 = [(4 ) - (1 ) ] (1 – e, 0)
3 3 9 1
14
= sq. units. x' x
9 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2
11. (b) Let the equation of curve
–1
y2(2a – x) = x3 ...(i)
and equation of line x = 2a ...(ii) –2
The given curve is symmetrical about x-axis and y'
passes through origin.
Application of Integrals 361

2a 2a A
æx 1 ö æ x2 1 ö 17. (d)
13. (d) f (a) = ò ç + ÷
è 6 x2 ø
dx = ç - ÷
ç 12 x ÷
a è øa
æ 4a2 1 a 2 1 ö a 2 1
=ç - - + ÷= +
ç 12 2a 12 a ÷ 4 2a
è ø C (1, 0) D
2a 1
Let f '(a ) = - 2 =0
4 2a
Þ a = 1 which is a point of minima.
B
2a 2a
æx 1 ö æx 2
1ö Area of the region is given by
14. (d) f (a) = ò çè 6 + x 2 ÷ø dx = çç 12 - x ÷÷ 3 é æ y 2 - 1ö ù 16
è øa
a
A= ò êê(y + 1) - çè
2 ÷ ú dy = 3
ø ûú
æ 4a2 1 a 2 1 ö a 2 1 -1 ë
=ç - - + ÷= + 18. (a) It is given that, f(x) > x, for all x > 1. So, area
ç 12 2a 12 a ÷ 4 2a bounded by y = f(x), y = x and the lines x = 1, x =
è ø
2a 1 t
t is given by ò { f ( x) - x} dx
Let f '(a ) = - 2 =0 1
4 2a But this area is given equal to
Þ a = 1 which is a point of minima. 2
2 (t + 1 + t - 2 - 1) sq unit. Therefore,
15. (d) Area of OABL = ò y dx t
0
y ò1 { f ( x) - x} dx = t + 1 + t 2 - 2 - 1, for all t >
x=2 1
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
A y= f (x)
t
f (t ) - t = 1 + for all t > 1
B
1+ t2
t
Þ f (t ) = t + 1 + for all t > 1
x 1+ t2
O L x
2 8 Hence, f ( x ) = x + 1 + for all x > 1
= ò ( a + bx + cx 2 ) dx = 2 a + 2b + c 1 + x2
0 3 1 2 5 16
1 19. (a) (1) For c < 1, òc (8 x - x ) dx =
= [6 a + 6b + 8c ] ...(i) 3
3 3 6
8 1 8c c 16
But, f ( x) = a + bx + cx2 ; f (0)= a, f (1)= a + b + c Þ - - + =
3 6 3 6 3
1 é 8 c 3ù
17
f (2)= a + 2b + 4c Þ { f (0) + 4 f (1) + f (2)} Þ c 3 ê- + ú = .
3
êë 3 6 úû 6
1 1
= {a + 4(a + b + c) + (a + 2b + 4c)}= {6a + 6b + 8c} Again, for c ³ 1, none of the values of c satisfy
3 3 the required condition that
16. (a) Required area (OAB) c 16
Y 2 5
0 B
ò1 (8 x - x ) dx = 3 Þ c + 2 = 1.
y = loge(x + e)

ò
p
= ln(x + e)dx 1– e
1- e –e A X
20. (b) Required area = ò0
4 tan x dx
p
ln 2
é 1 ù
1
= ln sec1 04 = ln 2 =
= êx ln(x + e) -
ë x+e ò
xdx ú = 1.
û0
2
 EBD_7588
362 Mathematics Objective MCQs

2p 3
= ò ( x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x) dx
21. (b) Required area = ò sin x dx 1
3
0 é x4 9 x2 ù
= ê - 2 x3 + ú
2 ûú = 4 sq unit.
2p
= - cos x 0 = – cos 2p – (– cos 0) ëê 4 1
b
= – cos (p + p) + 1 = – [– cos p] + 1
æp pö
25. (d) Given ò f (x)dx = b2 +1 - 2
= + cos ç + ÷ + 1 1
Differentiate with respect to b
è2 2ø
p b x
+ 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 sq. units. f (b) = Þ f ( x) =
= sin
2 b2 + 1 x2 +1
e
22. (c) Equation of given curve is y2 = 12x 26. (c) Required area = ò ln y dy
At y = 6, 36 = 12x Þ x = 3 1
3
\ Required area = ò
0
( y1 – y2 ) dx where y1 = ( y ln y - y )1e = (e - e) - [-1] = 1
y
represents line and y2 represents the curve. y=e
x

3 y =e
é 2 x3 / 2 ù
( )
6 - 12x dx = [ 6 x ]0 - 12 ê
3 3
=ò ú
0
ë 3 û0 (0, 1)
x' x
12 ´ 2 ´ 27 O
= [ 6 ´ 3] - = 18 – 12 = 6 sq unit y'
3
e e
23. (c) Given equations of curves are y = ex and y = e–x.
1 Also, ò ln ydy = ò ln(e + 1 - y )dy
Þ ex = x Þ e2x = e0 Þ x = 0 1 1
e 1
Also, equation of straight line gives x = 1 Further, required area = e ´ 1 - ò e x dx
1 0
27. (c) y = 0, when t = 0 and then x = a
\ Required area = ò (e x
-e -x
) dx So desire area
0 a 0

ò ò b sin
3
-x 1 A = ydx = t (-3a cos 2 t sin tdt )
= éëe + e ùû = e + e–1 – e0 + e–0
x
0 0 p/ 2
p/ 2 p/2
æ 1 ö
= ç e + - 2÷ sq unit
è e ø
A = 3ab ò ò
sin 4 t cos2 t dt = 3ab cos4 t sin2 tdt
0 0
24. (c) Clearly, the curve y = x(3 – x)2 has p
maximum at x = 1 and minimum at x = 3. 2
p 3pab
y
ò
\ 2A = 3ab cos2 t sin2 tdt = 3ab×
16
ÞA=
32
4 0
28. (b) Curve tracing, y = x loge x Clearly x > 0,
For 0 < x < 1, x loge x < 0, and for x > 1, x loge x > 0
Also x loge x = 0 or x = 1
x' x dy
O x=1 x=3 Further = 0 Þ 1 + log e x = 0 or x = 1/e,
y'
dx
which is point of minima.
3
\ Req. area = ò x(3 - x) 2 dx
1
Application of Integrals 363

y y = x log x 36
31. (d) y = , x = 6, x = 9
x2
1
9 36
36 y=
Desired area = ò x2 dx x2

x' x' x 6
–1 O 1 2
é1 1 ù
= -36 ê - ú = 2 6 9
ë9 6 û
–1
32. (c) Given curves are y = ex and y = e–x
y'
Now, ex = e–x Þ x = 0
2
y = 2x – x
1

ò (e - e - x ) dx = ( e x + e - x )0
1 1 x 1
Required area = ò (2 x - 2 x ) dx - ò x log x dx 2 \ Area = A =
0
0 0
1
é
1 = éë( e + e -1 ) - ( e 0 + e-0 ) ùû = e + - 2.
1
2 x3 ù é x 2 x2 ù e
= êx2 - ú - ê log x - ú
3 ûú ëê 2 4 ûú 33. (b) The given parabola is (y – 2)2 = x – 1
ëê 0 0 Vertex (1, 2) and it meets x –axis at (5, 0)
Also it gives y2 – 4y – x + 5 = 0
So, that equation of tangent to the parabola at
æ 2ö é 1 1 ù 1 1 7
= ç1 - ÷ - ê0 - - lim x 2 log x ú = + = . (2, 3) is
è 3 ø ë 4 2 x ®0 û 3 4 12 1
y.3 – 2 (y + 3) – (x + 2) + 5 = 0 or x – 2y + 4 = 0
b 2
29. (c) Given ò f ( x )dx = (b - 1) sin(3b + 4) which meets x-axis at (– 4, 0).
1
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. b, we get In the figure shaded area is the required area.
Let us draw PD perpendicular to y – axis.
Þ f (b) = 3(b - 1) cos(3b + 4) + sin(3b + 4) Y

Þ f ( x ) = sin(3x + 4) + 3( x - 1) cos(3x + 4). D

(2, 3)
P
30. (c) The required area (0,2)A
5/ 2 é
2 - 1 - ( x - 3) 2 ù dx
5/ 2
=ò x dx - ò
2 2 êë úû
5/ 2 5/ 2
é x2 ù 2 é x -3 1 ù B
= ê ú -[2x]5/
2 +ê 1- (x - 3)2 + sin-1(x - 3)ú X
ëê 2 ûú2 ë 2 2 û2 (–4, 0) O C(5,0)
y
Then required area = Ar DBOA + Ar (OCPD)
x = 5/2 y=x – Ar (DAPD)
1 3 1
( x - 3) 2 + ( y - 2)2 = 1 = × 4 × 2 + ò xdy - ´ 2 ´ 1 =
2 0 2
3
ò0 ( y - 2)
2
(2, 2) 3+ + 1 dy
C(3, 2)
3
é ( y - 2)3 ù é1 8ù
x = 3+ ê + yú = 3 + ê + 3 + ú
O x=2 êë 3 úû 0 ë3 3û
= 3 + 6 = 9 Sq. units
9 æ 3 pö p 3 -1
= -1+ ç - + ÷= - a3
8 ç ÷
è 8 6ø 6 8 sq unit. 34. (b) xy 2 = a2 (a - x ) Þ x =
y2 + a2
The given curve is symmetrical about
x-axis, and meets it at (a, 0).
 EBD_7588
364 Mathematics Objective MCQs
The line x = 0, i.e., y-axis is an Y Area bounded by two curves is
asymptote.
1 æ 1 x2 ö
8
p
¥ ¥
a3 6 ò-1ç 1 + x 2 2 ÷÷ dx = 2 - 1
ç -
Area = ò x dy = 2 ò y 2 + a 2 dx 4 è ø
0 0 38. (a) First we draw each curve as separate
2 graph
y=lnx y=ln|x|
X¢ O A (a, 0) X
¥
1é yù –2
= 2a 2 ê tan -1 ú
aë a û0 –4 x x
(1,0) (–1,0) (1,0)
p –6
= 2a 2 = pa 2 sq.units
2 –8
Y¢ y=|l n x| y=|l n |x||
1 2 3
35. (b) Area of DAOB = ´ 2a ´ a = a units
2
Area of region AOB x x
Y (1,0) (–1,0) (1,0)

A(–a, a2) B(a, a )

2 Clearly the bounded area is as shown in the
following figure.
y
X y = –ln x
O(0, 0) y = –ln (–x)
a2 a2 a2 x
é y3/ 2 ù 4 3 –1 O
= 2 ò x dy = 2 ò y dy = 2 ê ú = a units 1
ë 3/ 2 û0 3 y = ln (–x) y = ln x
0 0
3
a 3
\ ratio of areas = = 1
4 3 4 Required area = 4 ò (- lnx )dx
a
3 0
36. (b) We have,
= - 4 [ x l n x - x ] = 4 sq. units
a 1
a2 a p 0
ò f (x) dx = + sin a + cos a
2 2 2
39. (b) The area bounded by the curve
0 8
Differentiating w.r.t. a, we get y = 1 + 2 , x-axis and the ordinates x = 2, x = 4 is
1 p
x y
f(a) = a + (sin a + a cos a) – sin a
2 2 4
= ò y dx
p æpö p 1 p 1 2 y = 1+
8
Put a = ; f ç ÷ = + – = x2
2 è2ø 2 2 2 2 4æ 8 ö
= ò ç1 + ÷ dx
1
x=2

x=a

x=4

37. (b) Area bounded by y =

2è x2 ø
1+ x2 4
y é 8ù x' O x
x2 = ê x - ú = 4. (2,0) (a,0) (4,0)
y= ë x û2 y'
2
(–1, 0) Q P (1, 0) 1 Since, x = a divides this area into two equal
y= parts,
1+ x2
x a
\ Required area = 2 ò y dx
2
¥ 1 aæ 8 ö
and x-axis is ò-¥ dx = p \ 4 = 2ò ç1 + ÷ dx
1 + x2 2è x2 ø
Application of Integrals 365
a y
é 8ù æ 8ö
Þ 2 = ê x - ú = ç a - ÷ - (2 - 4) y=–x y=x
ë x û2 è aø
P(x, y1)
Þ a2 = 8 \a = 2 2 ( -1/ 2 , 1/ 2 ) (1/ 2, 1/ 2)

40. (d) Point of intersecton of y 2 = 4ax Q(x, y2)

x' x
æ4 ö O
and y = ax are (0, 0) and ç , 4 ÷
èa ø ( -1/ 2, - 1/ 2 ) (1 / 2 , - 1 / 2 )
4 ,4
a

y'
y = ax 43. (d) Required area = Area of OAB + Area of ABC
2
y = 4ax
g (x) = – x + 2
4
é y y2 ù 1
ê a ò
Given ê - údy =
4a úû 3
3 f (x) = x 2

0ë 2
1 A
8 1 1 8 1
Þ - ´ 64 = Þ = Þa=8 C
a 12a 3 3a 3 O B1 2 3
So, the parabola is y 2 = 32x
(2, 8) 1 2
Now, Area of OAB = f (x) dx + g(x)dx ò ò
0 1
y = 4x 1 2 31 é -x 2 ù
2
x
Area enclosed by y = 4x is
y2 = 32x
ò 2
ò
= x dx + (- x + 2) dx =
3
+ê
2
+ 2x ú
0 1 0 ëê ûú1
8 8
éy y 2ù é y 2 y3 ù 1 é æ -4 ö æ -1 ö ù 1 1 5
ò êëê 4 - 32 úûú dy
=ê - ú =8
ëê 8 96 ûú 0 3
= + êç
è
3 ë 2
+ 4÷ - ç + 2÷ ú = + = sq unit
ø è 2 øû 3 2 6
0
41. (b) The required area is shown by shaded 44. (a) The required area
y
portion in the figure.
Y

y = p/2
O x
O X 2 4 5

y = –p/2
The required area is x=1
p/2 p/2 x=0 x=2
A= ò | sin y | dy = 2 ò sin ydy = 2
=ò
4
25 - x 2 dx - ò
2 4 - x2
dx - ò
2
4 x -4
dx
-p / 2 0 0 0 4 2 4
42. (c) Required area = area of the shaded region 4
= 4 (area of the shaded region in first quadrant) éx 25 xù
=ê 25 - x 2 + sin -1 ú
1/ 2 1/ 2 ë 2 2 5 û0
= 4ò ( y1 - y2 ) dx = 4ò ( 1 - x2 - x) dx
0 0 2 4
1é x3 ù 1 é x3 ù 25 4
2 ù1/ 2 - ê4 x - ú - ê - 4 x ú = 2 + sin -1 .
é1 1 x p 4ë 3 û0 4 ë 3 2 5
= 4 ê ´ 1- x2 + sin-1 x - ú = û2
sq. unit
êë 2 2 2 úû
0
2
 EBD_7588
366 Mathematics Objective MCQs
45. (b) Given curve is y = 4x – x2 – 3
Since, area bounded by x-axis \ y = 0
3 æ 9 ö 1 æ 27 ö 9
= + 2ç ÷ - ç ÷ = m ×
Þ 4x – x2 – 3 = 0 Þ x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 2 è4ø 3è 8 ø 4
Þ x2 – 3x – x + 3 = 0 Þ (x – 3) (x – 1) = 0
Þ x = 1, 3 13
On solving we get m =
3 6
\ Required area = ò 1 (4 x – x – 3) dx
2
48. (a) y = ax2 & x = ay2
3
4 x 2 x3 æ1 1ö
= –
æ 36 27 ö æ 4 1 ö
– 3x = ç – – 9 ÷ – ç – – 3÷ Points of intersection are O (0, 0) & Aç , ÷
2 3 2 3 èa aø
1 è ø è2 3 ø
æ 10 ö æ –4 ö 4 y=ax2
= (18 – 9 – 9) – ç 2 – ÷ = 0 – ç ÷ = sq. unit.
è 3ø è 3ø 3 2
46. (b) Given equation of circle is x2 + y2 = 2 A x=ay

Þ y = 2 - x2 O
Y 1/ a
æ x 2ö
\ Area = ò ç - ax ÷÷dx
2
x + y2 = 2 ç a
0 è ø
2 1
= 2 - 2 = 1 =1 Þ a = 1
3a 3a 3a 2 3
X' X 2
(– 2,0) (0, 0) ( 2,0) 3
49. (d) We have ò f ( x)dx = 4 ; Now,,
0
2 2 2
ò xf ¢( x)dx = xò f ¢( x)dx - ò f ( x)dx
0 0 0
Y'
Required area = 4 × Area of shaded portion 2 3 3
= [ x f ( x)]0 - = 2 f (2) -
2 4 4
=4ò 2 - x 2 dx
0 3 3
2 = 0 - (Q f (2) = 0) = - .
éx 2 x ù 4 4
=4ê 2 - x 2 + sin -1 ú dy
ë2 2 2 û0 50. (a) We, given, = 2 x + 1 Þ y = x2 + x + k
dx
é 2ù p
= 4 êsin-1 -1 y
ú = 4 sin 1 = 4 ´ = 2 p sq. unit.
ë 2û 2
2
(x+1/2) = y+1/4
47. (a) y = 1 + 4x - x = 5 - (x - 2) 2
2

Y x' x
y = mx O

y = 1+ 4x – x2
x=–1/2 x=0 x=1
Since, the curve passes through the point (1, 2).
\ 2 =1+1+ k Þ k = 0
X \ The curve is y = x2 + x.
3 2 So, the required area
2 1
1 2
é x3 x2 ù 1 1 5
3/ 2 3/ 2 = ò (x + x) dx = ê + ú = + = sq. unit.
ò (1 + 4x - x ò mx dx
2 0
We have )dx = 2 êë 3 2 úû0 3 2 6
0 0
 Differential
25
Equations
1. The differential equation which represents the 6. If x dy = ydx + y 2 dy, y > 0and y(1) = 1, then
three parameter family of circles
what is y (–3) equal to?
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is (a) 3 only (b) –1 only

3 y ' y''2 3 y''2 (c) Both –1 and 3 (d) Neither –1 nor 3

(a) y ''' = (b) y ''' =
1 + y ¢2 1 + y ¢2 7. The degree of the differential equation
3y¢ 3y¢ dy æ dy ö
-4
(c) y ''' = (d) y ''' = -x =çy-x ÷ is
1+ y¢2 1- y¢2 dx è dx ø
2. A curve passing through (2, 3) and satisfying the (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
x dy
differential equation ò 0 ty(t) dt = x2y (x), (x > 0) is 8. The solution of
dx
= x is :

9 xx x
(a) x2 + y2 = 13 (b) y2 = x (a) y= +c (b) y= +c
2 2 2

x2 y2 x2 x3
(c) + =1 (d) xy = c (c) y= +c (d) y = +c
8 18 2 2
3. The solution of the differential equation Where c is an arbitary constant
3ex tan y dx + (1 – ex) sec2 y dy = 0 is 9. The solution to the differential equation
(a) e x tan y = C (b) Ce x = (1 - tan y)3 dy yf ' (x ) - y 2
=
dx f (x )
(c) Ctan y = (1 - e x )2 (d) tan y = C(1 - e x )3
where f (x) is a given function is
4. The differential equation of family of curves
(a) f ( x ) = y( x + c) (b) f ( x) = cxy
whose tangent form an angle of p/4 with the
hyperbola xy = C2 is (c) f ( x ) = c(x + y) (d) yf (x ) = cx
2 2 10. Solution of differential equation
dy x2 + C 2 dy x –C
(a) = 2 (b) = 2 -2 2
dx x – C2 dx x + C2 æ x ö æ dy ö
-1 ç ÷ ç ÷
æ x ö dy è y ø è dx ø
dy C2 x2 = 1 + ç ÷ +
(c) =– 2 (d) None of these è y ø dx 2!
dx x
5. The solution of the differential equation -3 3
æ x ö æ dy ö
dy y y ç ÷ ç ÷
+ log y = 2 (log y )2 is y è dx ø
dx x x +è ø + ......... is
3!
æ 1ö (a) y2 = x2 (ln x2 – 1) + C
(a) y = log ( x 2 + cx ) (b) logy = x çcx2 + ÷ (b) y = x2 (ln x – 1) + C
è 2ø
(c) y2 = x (ln x – 1) + C
æ 1ö 2
(c) x = log yç cx 2 + ÷ (d) None of these (d) y = x2e x + C
è 2ø
 EBD_7588
368 Mathematics Objective MCQs
11. The solution of the differential equation
(b) 3 y = ( x + 1) + e3x + c
dy 1 - 3 y - 3x
= is 3y
dx 1+ x + y (c) = e3 x + c
(a) x + y - ln | x + y |= c x +1
(b) 3x + y + 2ln |1 - x - y | = c (d) ye-3x = 3( x + 1) + c
(c) x + 3 y - 2ln |1 - x - y | = c 17. The curve satisfying the equation
(d) None of these. dy y( x + y3 )
12. A function y = f (x) satisfies the condition = and passing through the
dx x ( y3 – x )
f '(x) sin x + f (x) cos x = 1, f (x) being bounded
when x ® 0. point
(4, – 2) is
p/2
(a) y2 = – 2x
If l = ò0 f (x) dx, then
(c) y3 = –2x
(b) y = – 2x
(d) None of these
18. The general solution of the differential equation
p p2 p p2
(a) <l< (b) <l< dy tan y
2 4 4 2 - = (1 + x ) e x sec y is
dx 1 + x
p
(c) 1 < l <
2
(d) 0 < l < 1 (a) sin (1 + x) = y (e x + c )
13. The solution of differential equation (b) y sin (1 + x) = ce x
æ y 2 f ( y 2 / x2 ) ö
yy' = x ç 2 + ÷ is
(c) (1 + x )sin y = e x + c
èx f '( y 2 / x 2 ) ø
(d) sin y = (1 + x )(e x + c)
(a) f (y2/x2) = cx2(b) x2f (y2/x2) = c2y2
19. Which one of the following differential equations
(c) x2f (y2/x2) = c (d) f (y2/x2) = cy/x
represents the family of straight lines which are
14. The expression which is the general solution of
at unit distance from the origin?
dy x
the differential equation + y=x y æ dy ö
2
æ dy ö
2
dx 1 - x 2 (a) çè y – x ÷ø = 1– çè ÷ø
is dx dx
1 2 2
1 æ dy ö æ dy ö
(a) y + (1 - x2 ) = c (1 - x2 ) 4 (b) çè y + x ÷ø = 1+ çè ÷ø
3 dx dx
1 2 2
æ dy ö æ dy ö
(b) y (1 - x 2 ) 4 = c (1 - x 2 ) (c) çè y – x ÷ø = 1+ çè ÷ø
dx dx
1
1 2 2
(c) y (1 - x2 ) 4 = (1 - x 2 ) + c æ dy ö æ dy ö
3 (d) çè y + x ÷ø = 1– çè ÷ø
dx dx
(d) None of these
15. The solutions of (x + y + 1) dy = dx are dy
20. The solution of = 1 - x 2 - y 2 + x 2 y 2 is
(a) x + y + 2 = Cey (b) x + y + 4 = C log y dx
(c) log(x + y + 2) = Cy (d) log (x + y + 2) = C – y (a) sin–1 y = sin–1 x + c
16. The solution to of the differential equation
(b) 2sin -1 y = 1 - x 2 + sin -1 x + c
dy
( x + 1) - y = e3 x ( x + 1)2 is
dx (c) 2sin -1 y = x 1 - x 2 + sin -1 x + c
(a) y = ( x + 1)e3 x + c (d) 2sin -1 y = x 1 - x 2 + cos -1 x + c
where c is an arbitrary constant.
Differential Equations 369

dy 27. Which of the following does not represent the

21. What is the solution of + 2 y = 1 satisfying orthogonal trajectory of the system of curves
dx
y(0) = 0 ? 2
æ dy ö a
ç ÷ =
1 - e -2 x 1 + e -2 x dx
è ø x
(a) y= (b) y=
2 2
(a) 9a ( y + c) 2 = 4x 3
x 1+ ex
(c) y = 1 + e (d) y =
2 -2
22. What is the solution of the differential equation (b) y+c = x3 / 2
3 a
dy y
= ?
dx (x + 2y 3 ) 2
(c) y+c = x3 / 2
(a) y (1 – xy) = cx (b) y3 –
x = cy 3 a
(c) x (1 – xy) = cy (d) x (1 + xy) = cy
(d) All are orthogonal trajectories
23. What is the solution of the differential equation
28. The differential equation
æ dy ö dy
a ç x + 2 y ÷ = xy ? (1 + y 2 ) x dx - (1 + x 2 ) y dy =0
è dx ø dx
y
represents a family of :
y
2 (a) ellipses of constant eccentricity
(a) x 2 = kye a (b) yx = kye a
(b) ellipses of variable eccentricity
y2 (c) hyperbolas of constant eccentricity
(c) y 2 x 2 = kye a (d) None of the above (d) hyperbolas of variable eccentricity
24. A function y = f (x) satisfies the differential 29. The degree of differential equation satisfying the
dy relation
equation – y = cos x – sin x with initial
dx
condition that y is bounded when x ® ¥. The 1 + x 2 + 1 + y 2 = l( x 1 + y 2 - y 1 + x 2 )
area enclosed by y = f (x), y = cos x and the y-axis is
is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 2 –1 (b) 2 30. The particular solution of the differential
1 æ d2y ö
(c) 1 (d) equation sin -1ç - 1÷ = x , where
2 ç dx 2 ÷
25. The differential equation of the family of circles è ø
with fixed radius 5 units and centre on the line
y = 2 is dy
(a) (y – 2) y¢2 = 25 – (y – 2)2 y= = 0 when x = 0, is
dx
(b) (y –2)2 y¢2 = 25 – (y – 2)2
(c) (x – 2)2 y¢2 = 25 – (y – 2)2
(d) (x – 2)y¢2 = 25 – (y – 2)2 x2
(a) y = x 2 + x - sin x (b) y= + x - sin x
dy 2
26. The general solution of ( x + 1) + 1 = 2e- y is
dx
x2 x
(a) y
e ( x + 1) = x + C (b) e -y
= 2x + C (c) y= + - sin x (d) 2y = x 2 + x - sin x
2 2
(c) e y ( x + 1) = 2x + C (d) e y ( x + 1) = C
 EBD_7588
370 Mathematics Objective MCQs
31. The solution of the differential equation 2
d2y æ dy ö dy

{ ) } dx + { ( x } (c) xy + xç ÷ - y =0
1+ x (x 2
+ y2 2
)
+ y 2 –1 y dy = 0 dx 2 è dx ø dx

2
is d2y æ dy ö dy
(d) xy - xç ÷ + y =0
dx 2 è dx ø dx
y2 1 2
( )
3/ 2
(a) x2 + + x + y2 =C 36. What is the order of the differential equation
2 3
dx
dy ò
+ ydx = x 3?
y2 1 2
( )
1/ 2
(b) x – + x + y2 =C
3 2
(a) 1
(b) 2
y2 1 2
( )
3/ 2
(c) x – + x + y2 =C (c) 3
2 3 (d) Cannot be determined
(d) None of these 37. The order and degree of the differential equation
32. The gradient of the curve passing through (4, 0) is of parabolas having vertex at the origin and focus
at (a, 0) where a > 0, are respectively
dy y 5x (a) 1, 1 (b) 2, 1 (c) 1, 2 (d) 2, 2
given by - + = 0 if the point
dx x (x + 2)( x - 3) 38. If y2 = p (x) is a polynomial of degree 3, then what
(5, a) lies on the curve, then the value of a is
d é 3 d2 y ù
is 2 êy ú equal to ?
67 7 dx êë dx 2 úû
(a) (b) 5 sin
12 12
(a) p'(x) p'''(x) (b) p''(x) p'''(x)
7 (c) p(x) p'''(x) (d) A constant
(c) 5 log (d) None of these
12
dy 1 - y2
39. The solution of the equation = is
dy e x (sin 2 x + sin 2 x) dx 1 - x2
33. The solution of = is
dx y (2log y + 1) (a) sin–1y – sin–1x = c (b) sin–1y sin–1x = c
(a) y2(log y) – ex sin2 x + c = 0 (c) sin–1(xy) = 2 (d) None of these
(b) y2 (log y) – ex cos2 x + c = 0 40. A continuously differentiable function f (x),
(c) y2 (log y) + ex cos2 x + c = 0 ìpü
x Î[0, p ] - í ý satisfying
(d) None of these î2þ
34. A differential equation associated with the
primitive y = a + be5x + ce–7x is y ¢ = 1 + y 2 , y(0) = 0 = y(p) is
(a) y3 + 2y2 – y1 = 0 (b) y3 + 2y2 – 35y1 = 0
(a) tan x (b) x( x - p)
(c) 4y3 + 5y2 – 20y1 = 0(d) None of these
35. The differential equations of all conics whose (c)( x - p)(1 - e x ) (d) sec2 x
axes coincide with the co-ordinate axis 41. The solution of the differential equation

d2y æ dy ö dy
2 dy
+ xç ÷ + y =0 x sin x + ( x cos x + sin x ) y = sin x.
(a) xy dx
dx 2 è dx ø dx
When y (0) = 0 is
d2y æ dy ö dy
2 (a) xy sin x = 1 - cos x (b) xysin x + cos x = 0
(b) xy + xç ÷ + x =0
dx 2 è dx ø dx (c) x sin x + y cos x = 0 (d) x sin x + y cos x =1
Differential Equations 371
42. The solution of the equation 47. The solution of the differential equation
x
x dy 2 yx 1
ò
x y( t )dt = (x + 1)
0
ò
0
ty( t )dt , x > 0 is +
dx 1 + x 2
=
(1 + x 2 ) 2
is :

c 3 3 (a) y (1 + x 2 ) = c + tan -1 x
(a) y= 3
ex (b) y = cx 3e - x
x
y
c -x (b) = c + tan -1 x
(c) e (d) None of these 1 + x2
x3
(c) y log(1 + x 2 ) = c + tan -1 x
dy d2y
43. If y = (x + 1 + x 2 )n, then (1 + x2) 2 + x is
dx dx (d) y (1 + x 2 ) = c + sin -1 x
(a) n 2 y (b) –n 2 y (c) –y (d) 2x2y
4x -x
44. The general solution of the differential equation 48. If y = e + 2e satisfies the relation
d2y d3y dy
= cos nx is +A + By = 0 , then values of A and B
2
dx dx 3 dx
(a) 2
n y + cos nx = n (Cx + D) 2 respectively are :
(a) –13, 14 (b) –13,–12
(b) n 2 y - sin nx = n 2 (-Cx + D)
(c) –13, 12 (d) 12, – 13
2 Cx + D 49. Solution of the differential equation
(c) n y + cos n x =
n2 2
(d) None of these. dy x 2 y 2 æ dy ö
x = 1 + xy + çè ÷ø +
[Where C and D are arbitrary constants] dx 2! dx
45. The solution of (y + x + 5) dy = (y – x + 1) dx is
3
y+3 x3 y 3 æ dy ö
(a) log((y + 3)2 + (x + 2)2) + tan– 1 +C ç ÷ + .............
y+2 3! è dx ø

y –3 (a) y = ln( x ) + c (b) y = (ln x )2 + c

(b) log((y + 3)2 + (x – 2)2) + tan– 1 =C
x–2
(c)
y = ± ln( x ) + c (d) xy = x y + c
y+3
(c) log ((y + 3)2 + (x + 2)2) + 2 tan– 1 =C 50. What is the solution of the differential equation
x+2
æ dy ö
y+3 sin ç ÷ - a = 0?
(d) log ((y + 3)2 + (x + 2)2) – 2 tan– 1 =C è dx ø
x+2 (a) y = x sin–1 a + c (b) x = y sin–1 a + c
46. The solution to of the differential equation (c) y = x + x sin–1 a + c(d) y = sin–1 a + c
dy where c is an arbitrary constant.
( x + 1) - y = e3x ( x + 1)2 is 51. What is the solution of the equation
dx
(a) y = ( x + 1)e3 x + c æ dy ö
ln ç ÷ + x = 0 ?
è dx ø
(b) 3 y = ( x + 1) + e3x + c
(a) y + ex = c (b) y - e- x = c
3y
(c) = e3 x + c
x +1 (c) y + e- x = c (d) y - ex = c
(d) ye-3x = 3( x + 1) + c
 EBD_7588
372 Mathematics Objective MCQs
52. y = 2cos x + 3sin x satisfies which of the following
differential equations ? (c) yy ¢( yy ¢ – 2 x) + y 2 = 0

d2y (d) yy ¢ – 2 xyy ¢ + y = 0

1. + y =0
dx 2 58. The degree and order respectively of the

2 dy 1
æ dy ö dy differential equation = are
2. çè ÷ø + =0 dx x + y + 1
dx dx
Select the correct answer using the code given (a) 1, 1 (b) 1, 2 (c) 2, 1 (d) 2, 2
below. 59. What is the degree of the differential equation
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
-1
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 dy æ dy ö
y=x +ç ÷ ?
dx è dx ø
2 + sin x æ dy ö
53. If y = y(x) and ç ÷ = - cos x, y (0) = 1,
1 + y è dx ø (a) 1
(b) 2
æ pö (c) – 1
then y ç ÷ equals
è 2ø
(d) Degree does not exist.
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3 (c) –1/3 (d) 1
60. The general solution the differential equation
54. An integrating factor of the differential equation
dy tan y
sin x
dy
+ 2 y cos x = 1 is - = (1 + x ) e x sec y is
dx dx 1 + x
2
(a) sin 2 x (b) (a) sin (1 + x ) = y(e x + c)
sin x
1 (b) y sin (1 + x ) = ce x
(c) log |sin x| (d)
sin 2 x
(c) (1 + x) sin y = e x + c
y æ xö
55. If for the differential equation y ' = + fç ÷ ,
x è yø (d) sin y = (1 + x)(e x + c)
61. The solution of the differential equation
x
the general solution is y = ,then f (x/y) is
log | Cx | dy y y
+ log y = 2 ( log y ) is
2
given by dx x x
(a) – x2/ y2 (b) y 2/x 2
2
(c) x / y 2 (d) – y2/x2 æ 2 1ö
56. A curve is such that the portion of the x-axis cut (a) y = log ( x 2 + cx ) (b) log y = x ç cx + ÷
è 2ø
off between the origin and the tangent at a point
is twice the abscissa and which passes through
æ 1ö
the point (1, 2). The equation of the curve is (c) x = log y ç cx2 + ÷ (d) None of these.
(a) xy = 1 (b) xy = 2 è 2ø
(c) xy = 3 (d) None of these 62. The differential equation
57. What is the differential equation for y2 = 4a(x – a)?
(a) yy ¢ – 2 xyy ¢ + y 2 = 0 d 2 y dy
+ x + sin y + x2 =0 is of the following type
dx2 dx
(b) yy ¢( yy ¢ + 2 x) + y 2 = 0
(a) Linear (b) Homogeneous
(c) Order two (d) Degree two
Differential Equations 373

d
q
dx
(a) 0.075 x 2 + 2 x + 100
d q ò 1 - cos q cos x
63. The function f (q) = satisfies
0
(b) 0.15x 2 + 3x + 30
the differential equation (c) x 2 + 100.075x + 100
df (d) None of these
(a) + 2 f (q) cot q = 0 It is given that c (0) = 100
dq
69. The population of a country doubles in 40 years.
df Assuming that the rate of increase is proportional
(b) –2 f (q) cot q = 0
dq to the number of inhabitants, the number of years
in which it would treble itself is
df
(c) + 2 f (q) = 0 log 2
dq (a) 80 years (b) 80 years
log 3
df
(d) - 2 f (q) = 0
dq log 3
(c) 40 years (d) 40log 2log 3years
64. The equation of the curve passing through the log 2
æ pö 70. The differential equation of the curve
point ç 0, ÷ whose differential equation is
è 4ø x y
sin x cos y dx + cos x sin y dy = 0, is + = 1 is given by
c –1 c + 1
(a) sec x sec y = 2 (b) cos x cos y = 2
æ dy ö æ dy ö dy
(c) sec x = 2 cos y (d) cos y = 2 sec y (a) çè –1÷ø çè y + x ÷ø = 2
dx dx dx
65. Solution of the differential equation
æ dy ö æ dy ö dy
dx x log x ey (b) çè + 1÷ø çè y – x ÷ø =
- = , if y(1) = 0, is dx dx dx
dy 1 + log x 1 + log x
y y æ dy ö æ dy ö dy
(a) x x = e ye (b) ey = xe (c) çè + 1÷ø çè y – x ÷ø = 2
dx dx dx
(c) x x = ye y (d) None of these (d) None of these
66. What is the degree of the differential equation 71. The equation of the curve satisfying

3/ 2 x dy - y dx = x 2 - y 2 and y(1) = 0 is :
d2 y é æ dy ö 3 ù
k = ê1 + ç ÷ ú , where k is a constant? (a) y = x2 log (sin x) (b) y = x sin (log x)
dx 2 êë è dx ø úû (c) y2 = x (x–1)2 (d) y = 2x2 (x – 1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 dy f( xy )
67. What is the degree of the differential equation 72. If y + x =x then f (xy) is equation to
dx f '( xy )
23
æ d3y ö æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö
ç ÷ + 4 - 3ç ÷ +5 =0 ?
ç dx 2 ÷ çè dx ÷ø 2 2
ç dx 3 ÷ (a) ke x /2 (b) ke y /2
è ø è ø
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) ke xy / 2 (d) kexy
(c) 2 / 3 (d) Not defined 73. What are the order and degree respectively of
68. The marginal cost of manufacturing a certain item
dy dx
dc the differential equation y = x + ?
is given by c' ( x ) = = 2 + 0.15x . The total cost dx dy
dx
(a) 1, 1 (b) 1, 2 (c) 2, 1 (d) 2, 2
function c (x), is
 EBD_7588
374 Mathematics Objective MCQs
74. The solution to the differential equation 78. Consider a differential equation of order m and
degree n. Which one of the following pairs is not
dy yf '( x ) - y 2 feasible ?
=
dx f ( x) (a) (3, 2) (b) (2, 3/2)
where f (x) is a given function is (c) (2, 4) (d) (2, 2)
79. Under which one of the following conditions
(a) f ( x) = y( x + c) (b) f ( x) = cxy
dy ax + b
(c) f ( x) = c( x + y) (d) yf (x) = cx does the solution of = represent a
dx cy + d
75. If f (x) is a differentiable function, then the
solution of the differential equation parabola?
dy + {y f'(x) – f(x) f'(x)} dx = 0 is (a) a = 0, c = 0 (b) a = 1, b = 2, c ¹ 0
(a) y = {f(x) – 1} + ce– f(x) (c) a = 0, c ¹ 0, b ¹ 0 (d) a = 1, c = 1
(b) y f(x) = {f(x)}2 + c 80. Consider the following statements in respect of
the differential equation
(c) yef(x) = f(x)ef(x) + c
(d) None of these d2y æ dy ö
76. What is the solution of the differential equation + cos ç ÷ = 0
dx 2 è dx ø
dx x 1. The degree of the differential equation is
+ - y 2 = 0?
dy y not defined.
(a) xy = x4 + c (b) xy = y4 + c 2. The order of the differential equation is 2.
4
(c) 4xy = y + c (d) 3xy = y3 + c Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
where c is an arbitrary constant. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
77. What is the solution of the differential equation (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(x + y) (dx – dy) = dx + dy ?
(a) x + y + ln (x + y) = c
(b) x – y + ln (x + y) = c
(c) y – x + ln (x + y) = c
(d) y – x – ln (x – y) = c

Answer KEYs
1 (a) 9 (a) 17 (c) 25 (b) 33 (a) 41 (a) 49 (c) 57 (c) 65 (a) 73 (b)
2 (d) 10 (a) 18 (d) 26 (c) 34 (b) 42 (d) 50 (a) 58 (a) 66 (b) 74 (a)
3 (d) 11 (b) 19 (c) 27 (d) 35 (c) 43 (a) 51 (c) 59 (b) 67 (b) 75 (a)
4 (b) 12 (a) 20 (c) 28 (d) 36 (b) 44 (a) 52 (a) 60 (d) 68 (a) 76 (c)
5 (c) 13 (a) 21 (a) 29 (a) 37 (a) 45 (c) 53 (a) 61 (c) 69 (c) 77 (c)
6 (a) 14 (a) 22 (b) 30 (b) 38 (c) 46 (c) 54 (a) 62 (c) 70 (c) 78 (b)
7 (d) 15 (a) 23 (d) 31 (c) 39 (a) 47 (a) 55 (d) 63 (a) 71 (b) 79 (c)
8 (a) 16 (c) 24 (a) 32 (c) 40 (a) 48 (b) 56 (b) 64 (a) 72 (a) 80 (c)
Differential Equations 375

1. (a) To eliminate the parameters g, f and c

differentiate thrice w.r.t. x, 5. (c) Divide the equation by y (log y) 2
x + yy '+ g + fy ' = 0 ...(1) 1 dy
+
1 1
× =
1
1+ y '2 + yy ''+ fy '' = 0 ...(2) y (log y) dx log y x x 2
2

3y ' y"+ yy"'+ fy ''' = 0 ...(3) 1 -1 dy dz

Put log y = z Þ 2 dx
=
dx
(1) y '''- (2) y '' gives, y (log y )
dz 1 1
3 y ' y ''2 Thus, we get, - + × z = 2 , linear in z
y '''+ y'2 y '''- 3y ' y ''2 = 0 Þ y ''' = dx x x
1 + y '2
2. 2
(d) Differentiate xy(x) = x y'(x) + 2xy(x) dz æ 1 ö 1
Þ + ç- ÷z = -
dy dx è x ø x2
or xy(x) + x2y'(x) = 0 or x +y=0 1
dx - ò dx 1
or ln y + ln x = ln c or xy = c I.F. = e x = e -log x =
3. (d) 3e tan y dx + (1 - e )sec2 y dy = 0
x x x
æ1ö -1 æ 1 ö
Þ
3e x
dx +
sec2 y
dy = 0 Integrating we get
\ The solution is, z ç ÷ =
x
è ø x2 è x ø ò
ç ÷ dx + c
1- ex tan y
1 æ 1 ö - x -2 æ 1ö
3e x
sec y 2 Þ ç ÷= + c Þ x = log y ç cx 2 + ÷
-2 2ø
ò 1 - e x dx + ò tan y
dy = D , log y è x ø è
6. (a) Given, xdy = ydx + y 2 dy
Þ- 3 ln(1 - e ) + ln tan y = D
x
4 dx y 2 dx x
Þ1= + Þ +y=
Þ -ln(1 - e x )3 + ln tan y = D x dy x dy y
tan y dx x
Þ ln = ln C Þ tan y = C (1 - e x )3 Þ - = -y ...(1)
(1 - e x )3 dy y
4. (b) Let the slope of tangent of required family be 1
P = - , Q = -y
dy y
= m1 1
dx ò - dy
IF = eò
Pdy 1
C2 = e y = e - log y =
C2 dy y
Also y = ; therefore, = – 2 = m2 (say).
x dx x Multiplying Eqn. (1) by IF
p 1 dx x x 1
By the given condition, we have tan
4
Þ - 2 = -1 ; =
y dy y y y ò
(- y )dy + C

m – m2 x x
= 1
1 + m1m2
Þ 1 + m1m2 = m1 – m2
y ò
Þ = -1 dy + C Þ = - y + C
y
y(1) = 1
dy C2 C 2 dy dy æ C 2 ö 1
Þ + 2 =1– 2 Þ ç1+ 2 ÷ = -1 + C Þ C = 2
dx x x dx dx çè x ÷
ø 1
x
C2 dy x2 – C 2 Þ = - y + 2 Þ x = - y2 + 2 y
=1– Þ = 2 y
x2 dx x + C2
Þ y( -3) Þ -3 = - y 2 + 2 y Þ y 2 - 2 y - 3 = 0
 EBD_7588
376 Mathematics Objective MCQs

+2 ± 4 + 12 2 ± 4 æ xö
-1 dy
Þy= = Þ y = 3, –1 æ ö æ y ö æ dy ö
çè y ÷ø çè ÷ø
2 2 2 dx 2 èç x ÷ø èç dx ø÷
Since y > 0 so y = 3.
10. (a) x =e Þ x =e
y dy
ò x ln x dx = ò y dy
-4 2 2
dy æ dy ö Þ ln x = or
7. (d) Q - x = çy- x ÷ x dx
dx è dx ø
1 y2
æ dy öæ dy ö
4 Put x2 = t Þ 2x dx = dt \
2 ò ln t dt =
2
Þç - x ÷ ç y - x. ÷ = 1
è dx øè dx ø C + t ln t – t = y2 or y2 = x2 (ln x2 – 1) + C
\ Order of the above differential equation = 1 a1 b1
& degree = 5 11. (b) This is the form in which a = b
2 2
dy The given equation can be rewritten as
8. (a) = |x|
dx dy 1 - 3( x + y )
= = f ( x + y)
dy dy dx 1 + ( x + y )
= x for x ³ 0 ; = – x for x < 0; ò dy = ò x dx
dx dx dy dz
Substitute x + y = z Þ 1+ = . The
x 2 dx dx
y= + C1 ...(i) equation then becomes.
2 dz 1 - 3z dz 1 - 3z + 1 + z 2 - 2 z
-1 = Þ = =
ò dy = –1 x dx dx 1+ z dx 1+ z 1+ z
1+ z
x2 Þ dz = dx.
y= - + C1 ...(ii) 2(1 - z)
2 On integrating we get
From (i) and (ii)
1 1+ z 1 é 2 ù
y=
x|x|
+C ò
2 1- z
dz = ò dx + a Þ ò ê -1ú dz = x + a
2 ë1 - z û
2
1
dy f ' ( x ) y2 Þ - ln |1 - z | - z = x + a
9. (a) We have = y- 2
dx f ( x ) f (x ) 1
Þ -ln |1 - x - y | - ( x + y ) = x + a
dy f ' ( x) y2 2
Þ - y=- Þ -2ln |1 - x - y | -3x - y = 2a
dx f (x ) f (x)
Þ 3x + y + 2ln |1 - x - y | = c where c = – 2a
dy f ' (x ) 1
Divide by y2 y -2 - y -1 =- dy
dx f (x) f ( x) 12. (a) sinx + y cos x = 1 p/2
dx
-1 -2 dy dz dy 1
Put y = z Þ - y =
+ y cot x = cosec x
dx dx dx
dz f ' ( x ) 1
- - ( z) = - O p/2
IF = eò
dx f (x ) f (x) cot x dx
= eln(sin x ) = sin x
dz f ' ( x ) 1
Þ + z= y sin x = ò cosec x × sin x dx = x + C
dx f (x ) f (x)
If x = 0, y is finite \ C = 0
f '( x )
ò dx x
I.F. = e f (x)
= e log f ( x ) = f ( x) y = x(cosec x) =
sin x
1 p2 p p p2
\ The solution is z (f ( x) ) = ò f (x) (f (x) )dx + c Now, l < and l > Hence, <l<
4 2 2 4
Þ y -1 (f ( x ) ) = x + c Þ f (x ) = y (x + c)
Differential Equations 377
13. (a) The given equation can be written as 16. (c) The given equation is
y dy ì ï y 2 f ( y 2 / x 2 ) üï dy y
- = e3x ( x + 1)
=í 2+ ý dx x + 1
x dx î ïx f '( y 2 / x 2 ) ïþ 1
The above equation is a homogeneous equation. ò- dx 1
I.F. = e x +1 = e- log( x +1) =
Putting y = vx, we get x +1
é dv ù f (v 2 ) The solution is
v ê v + x ú = v2 + æ 1 ö 1
f ¢(v 2 )
è x + 1÷ø ò
ë dx û yç = e3x ( x + 1). dx + a
x +1
dv f (v 2 )
or vx = (variable separable) y e3 x
dx f '(v 2 ) Þ = ò e 3 x dx + a = +a
x +1 3
2vf '( v 2 ) dx 3y
or dv = 2 Þ = e 3x + c, c = 3a
f (v 2 ) x x +1
Now, integrating both sides, we get 17. (c) (xy3 – x2)dy – (xy +y4)dx = 0
log f (v2) = log x2 + log c [log c = constant] Þ y3(xdy – y dx) – x (xdy + y dx) = 0
or log f (v2) = log c x2 or f (v2) = cx2 or f (y2/x2) = cx2 ( x dy – y dx)
14. (a) Divide the equation by y, we get Þ x2 y3 – x(x dy + y dx) = 0
x2
1 1
- dy x æ yö
y 2 + y2 = x Þ x2y3d çè ÷ – xd(xy) = 0
dx 1 - x 2 xø
1 1 y æ y ö d ( xy )
1 - 2 dy dz Dividing by x3y2, we get d ç ÷ – =0
Put y 2 = z Þ y = x è xø x2 y2
2 dx dx
2
dz x dz æ 1 x ö x 1 æ yö 1
2 + z = x Þ +ç ÷ z= Now, integrating ç ÷ + =c
dx 1 - x 2 dx è 2 1 - x 2 ø 2 2 è xø xy
1é x ù
It passes through the point (4, – 2).
1 1
ò ê ú dx
2 ëê 1- x 2 ûú - log(1- x 2 ) - 1 1
I.F. = e =e 4 = (1 - x 2 ) 4
Þ – = c Þ c = 0 \ y3 = – 2x
The solution 8 8
18. (d) Divide the equation by sec y
1 1
- x - dy sin y
2
is z(1 - x ) 4 = ò (1 - x ) 4 dx + c cos y - = (1 + x)e x
2 dx 1 + x
1 1 dy dz
- 1 - Put sin y = z Þ cos y = then
Þ z (1 - x2 ) 4 =
2 ò (1 - x2 ) 4 x dx + c dx dx
dz æ 1 ö
÷ z = (1 + x ) e :
x
1 -ç
- 1 æ 1 ö (1 - x 2 )3/ 4 dx è 1 + x ø
Þ y (1 - x 2 ) 4 = ç- ÷ +c
2 è 2ø 3/ 4 -ò
1
dx 1
1 I.F. = e 1+ x = e- log(1+ x ) =
1+ x
1
( )
- 3/4
Þ y (1 - x2 ) 4 =- 1 - x2 +c The solution is
3
æ 1 ö x
1 zç = e + c Þ sin y = (1 + x)(e x + c)
1
(
Þ y + 1 - x2 = c (1- x2 ) 4
3
) è 1 + x ÷ø
19. (c) y = mx + c (Equation of straight line)
15. (a) Putting x + y + 1 = u, we have du = dx + dy
and the given equation reduces to u(du – dx) = dx dy
= m and mx – y + c = 0 is at unit distance
u du dx
Þ u + 1 = dx Þ u – log(u + 1) = x from origin.
| m(0) - (0) + c |
Þ log(x + y + 2) = y + constant Þx + y + 2 = Cey \ = 1 Þ c = 1 + m2
2 2
m + (-1)
 EBD_7588
378 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Now : dy dy
2 Þ ax - xy = -2ay
é dy ù 2 2 2 dx dx
êë y - x dx úû = [mx + c - xm] = c = 1 + m
also, dy dy
Þ ( xy - ax ) = 2ay Þ x ( y - a ) = 2ay
é
2
dy ù dx dx
2 2 2
êë y + x dx úû = [mx + c + mx] = [2mx + 1 + m ] Þ x ( y - a ) dy = 2ay dx
2
æ dy ö 2 æ dy ö
2
2 Þ
( y - a ) dy = 2a dx æ aö
Þ ç1 - ÷ dy =
2a
dx
also, 1 - ç ÷ = 1 - m and 1 + ç ÷ = 1 + m y x è yø x
è dx ø è dx ø
2 2 a 2a
é dy ù æ dy ö dy - dy = dx
Þ ê y - x ú = 1+ ç ÷ y x
ë dx û è dx ø Integrate on both side
dy
20. (c) Q = 1 - x 2 - y2 + x 2 y2 1 1
dx ò dy - a ò y dy = 2a ò x dx
dy dy
= (1 - x 2 )(1 - y 2 ) ; Þ = 1 - x2 .dx y - a log y = 2a log x + log c
dx 1 - y2
Þ y = a log x 2 yc Þ x 2 y = ke y / a
dy 24. (a) IF = e– x
Þò = ò 1 - x 2 .dx [integrating b/s]
1 - y2 \ ye– x = ò e – x (cos x – sin x) dx
–1 æ y ö x 1 æ xö Put – x = t
Þ sin çè ÷ø = 1 - x 2 + sin -1 ç ÷ + c y
1 2 2 è 1ø
Þ 2sin -1 y = x 1 - x 2 + sin -1 x + c
dy dy
21. (a) + 2y = 1; = 1 – 2y
dx dx
dy x
ò 1 - 2y = ò dx O

1
- log |1 - 2y | = x + C = – ò et (cos t + sin t ) dt = –et sin t + c
2
at x = 0, y = 0 ye– x = e– x sin x + c
Since, y is bounded when x ® ¥ Þ c = 0
1 \ y = sin x
- log1 = 0 + C Þ C = 0
2 p/4
1 - e -2x
Area = ò0 (cos x – sin x) dx = 2 –1
1 – 2y = e–2x; y = 25. (b) Circle (x – h)2 + (y – 2)2 = 25
2
22. (b) y3 – x = cy Þ 2 (x – h) + 2 (y – 2)y¢ = 0 Þ 2(y – 2)y¢
dy dy dy = – 2 (x – h)
Þ 3y2 -1 = c Þ (3y2 - c) = 1 Y
dx dx dx
(h, 2)
dy æ 2 y3 - x ö y=2
Þ ç 3y - ÷ =1 5
dx çè y ÷ø X

dy æ 3y3 - y3 + x ö dy y
Þ ç ÷ =1Þ = Þ (y – 2)2 y¢2 = (x – h)2 Þ (y – 2)2 y¢2 = 25 – (y – 2)2
dx è y ø dx x + 2y3
dy
23. (d) Given differential equation is 26. (c) ( x + 1) + 1 = 2e - y
dx
æ dy ö dy
a ç x + 2 y ÷ = xy y dy ey 2
è dx ø dx Þ e + =
dx x + 1 x + 1
Differential Equations 379

dy du du u 2 29. (a) 1 + x2 + 1 + y2 = l( x 1 + y 2 – y 1 + x2 )
Put e y = u Þ e y = \ + =
dx dx dx x + 1 x + 1
1 Þ 1 + x 2 (1 + ly ) = 1 + y 2 (lx - 1)
I.F = e ò x +1dx = elog( x +1) = x + 1
2 1 + x2 lx -1 x2 +1 l2 x2 - 2lx + 1
\ Solution is u( x + 1) = ò ( x + 1)dx + C Þ = Þ =
( x + 1) 1 + y2 ly + 1 y2 +1 l2 y2 + 2ly + 1
Þ e y ( x + 1) = 2 x + C
27. (d) The family of curves which are orthogonal Þ ( y 2 + 1)(l 2 x 2 - 2lx + 1)
(i.e. intersect at right angles) to a given system = ( x 2 + 1)(l 2 y 2 + 2ly + 1)
of curves is obtained by substituting
dx dy Þ l 2 x 2 y 2 - 2lxy 2 + y 2 + l 2 x 2 - 2lx + 1
- for in the differential equation of the
dy dx = l 2 x 2 y 2 + 2 l x 2 y + x 2 + l 2 y 2 + 2l y + 1
given system.
2 Þ l 2 ( x 2 - y 2 ) - 2l( xy 2 + x 2 y + x + y ) = 0
The given differential equation is æç ö÷ =
dy a
Þ l 2 ( x + y )( x - y ) - 2l
è dx ø x
dy dx [ xy( x + y) + ( x + y)] = 0
Replacing by - , we get
dx dy Þ l ( x + y) [ l ( x - y) - 2 xy - 2] = 0

æ dx ö
2
a æ dy ö
2
x dy x Þ ( x + y) [ l ( x - y) - 2 xy - 2] = 0
çç ÷÷ = Þ ç ÷ = Þ =± .
è dy ø x è dx ø a dx a Þ l ( x - y ) - 2 xy - 2 = 0
2 3/ 2 2 xy + 2 xy + 1 l
Integrating we get, y + c = ± x ....(i) Þ =l Þ =
x- y x- y 2
3 a
4 3 æ dy ö æ dy ö
Þ ( y + c) 2 = x Þ 9a ( y + c) 2 = 4x 3 ....(ii) çè x + y ÷ø ( x - y ) - ( xy + 1) çè1 - ÷ø
dx dx
9a Þ =1
2
From (i) and (ii) all of the first three given options (x - y)
represent required equations. This is the first order differential equation and
x dx y dy
28. (d) Given = dy
2
1+ x 1+ y2 clearly degree of
dx
is 1. Hence degree of the
Integrating we get,
differential equation is 1.
1 1 30. (b) The differential equation is
log(1 + x 2 ) = log(1 + y 2 ) + a
2 2 d2 y
2 2 2a = 1 + sin x ....(i)
Þ 1 + x = c (1 + y ), c = e dx 2
x2 y2 dy
x 2 - cy 2 = c - 1 Þ - =1 ....(1) Integrating we get = x - cos x + c ....(ii)
c -1 æ c -1 ö dx
ç ÷
è c ø dy
When x = 0, = 0 Þ c =1
Clearly c > 0 as c = e2a dx
Hence, the equation (i) gives a family of dy
hyperbolas with eccentricity \ Equation (ii) is = x - cos x + 1
dx
c -1 Integrating again we get
c -1 + 2
c = c - 1 = c + 1 if c ¹ 1 x2
= y= - sin x + x + D ...(iii)
c -1 c -1 2
Thus eccenticity varies from member to member When x = 0, y = 0 Þ D = 0
of the family as it depends on c. If c = 1, it is a pair x2
2 2 \ The particular solution is y = + x - sin x
of lines x - y = 0 2
 EBD_7588
380 Mathematics Objective MCQs
31. (c) Rearranging the equation, we have
æ d 2 y æ dy ö 2 ö
dx – y dy + (x 2
+y 2
) (xdx + y dy) = 0 Diff. again, a + b ç y 2 + çè dx ÷ø ÷ = 0
è dx ø
..(iii)

Þ dx – y dy +
1
2
( x + y ) d(x + y ) = 0
2 2 2 2
From (ii),
a
b
=-
ydy / dx
x
On integrating, we get
æ d 2 y æ dy ö 2 ö
{ )}
a
y2
x–
2
+
1
2 ò t dt = c, t = (x 2
+y 2 From (iii), b = - ç y 2 + çè ÷ø ÷
è dx dx ø
dy
y2 1 2
( )
3/ 2 y 2
x + y2
2
or x– + =c \ dx = y d y + æ dy ö
2 3 ç ÷
32. (c) The differential equation is x dx 2 è dx ø
2
dy y 5x d2y æ dy ö dy
- =- Þ xy + xç ÷ - y =0
dx x ( x + 2)( x - 3) dx 2 è dx ø dx
æ 1ö dx dx
ò çè - x ÷ødx ò
+ y × dx = x3 Þ ò y × dx = x
3
- ln x 1 36. (b) -
I. F = e =e = dy dy
x
Solution is
Þ 1+
dy
dx
(ò )
y × dx = x3 ×
dy
dx
æ 1ö æ 1ö 5x æ x+2ö Differentiate both sides w.e.t. x
yç ÷ = ç ÷ ´
è xø ò
è x ø (x + 2)(x - 3)
dx = ln ç ÷+C
è x -3ø
It passes through (4, 0), so C = – ln 6
dy
(ò )
æ d2 y ö d 2 y dy
Þ 0 + ( y) + y × dx çç 2 ÷÷ = x3 × 2 + (2x2 )
dx è dx ø dx dx
ì ( x + 2) ü
\ y = x ln í ý Putting (5, a), dy d 2 y é 3 dx ù d2y dy
î 6( x - 3) þ Þ y× + 2 ê x - ú = x3 × 2 + 2 x 2
dx dx ë dy û dx dx
æ 7ö
we get a = 5 ln ç ÷ dy 3 d 2 y æ dx ö æ d 2 y ö 3 d 2 y dy
è 12 ø Þy +x -
2 ç dy ÷ ç 2 ÷
=x + 2x 2
dx ç
dx è ø è dx ø ÷ dx 2 dx
dy e x (sin 2 x + sin 2 x )
33. (a) = dy dx d 2 y dy
dx y (2 log y + 1) Þy - × 2 = 2x2 ×
dx dy dx dx
Þ ò (2 y log y + y )dy = ò e (sin x + sin 2 x )dx
x 2
dy
On integrating by parts, we get Multiplying both side by
dx
y2 (log y) = ex sin 2 x + c. 22 2
34. (b) y = a + be5x + ce–7x …(i) æ dy ö d y æ dy ö
y ç ÷ - 2 = 2x2 ç ÷
\ y1 = 0 + 5 be5x – 7 ce –7x è dx ø dx è dx ø
Dividing by ye5x, we get : e–5x y1 = 5b – 7 ce –12x 2
d2y æ dy ö
Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get Þ 2
+ (2 x 2 - y ) ç ÷ = 0
e–5x. y2 + y1 (– 5)e–5x = 0 + 84 ce –12x dx è dx ø
Order = 2, degree = 1.
Dividing by e–12x, we get : e7x (y2 – 5y1) = 84 c
37. (a) The eq. of parabolas having vertex at (0, 0)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get & focus at (a, 0), where (a > 0) is :
e7x (y3 – 5y2) + (y2 – 5y1). 7e7x = 0 y2 = 4ax ... (1)
Þ y3 + 2y2 – 35y1= 0
35. (c) Any conic whose axes coincide with co- dy
2y. = 4a [on differentiating]
ordinate axis is dx
ax2 + by2 = 1 ..(i) On putting the value of (4a) in eq. (1) we get,
Diff. both sides w.r.t. 'x', we get dy
dy dy 2x. -y=0
2ax + 2by = 0 i.e. ax + by =0 ..(ii) dx
dx dx in order =1 & degree = 1.
Differential Equations 381
38. (c) Given that y2 = p (x) \ The solution is
Differentiating 1
Þ 2yy1 = p'(x)
é dy ù y(x sin x) =
x ò
(x sin x)dx + c
ê here y1 = dx ú
ë û xy sin x = - cos x + c when
p '(x) x = 0, y = 0 Þ c = cos 0 = 1
Þ 2y1 =
y \ The particular solution is
Differentiating again, xy sin x = 1 - cos x
yp"(x) - p '(x)y1 é 42. (d) The equation is
d2 y ù
Þ 2y 2 = , ê y2 = ú x x
y2 êë dx 2 úû x ò0 y( t) dt = ( x + 1) ò0 t y( t) dt, .....(i)
p '(x).p '(x) Differentiating both the sides with respect to x,
yp "(x) - we get
2y
Þ 2y 2 = x x
y2 x y (x ) + ò0 y(t)dt = (x + 1)xy(x) + ò0 t y(t ) dt
2y2 p"(x) - p '(x))2 x x
=
2y 3
Þ ò 0
y( t )dt = x 2 y ( x ) + ò
0
t y ( t ) dt .....(ii)

Differentiating again with respect to x, we get

1
Þ 2y3y2 = [2y2 p"(x) – (p'(x))2] y( x ) = 2xy(x ) + x 2 y' ( x ) + xy( x )
2
1 dy
Þ 2y3y2 = [2p (x) p"(x) – (p'(x))2] Þ x2 = (1 - 3x ) y [writing y(x) = y]
2 dx
d 3 dy æ 1 - 3x ö æ 1 3ö
Þ 2 (y y 2 ) Þ =ç ÷ dx = çç - ÷÷ dx
dx y çè x 2 ÷ø è x2 x ø
1 1
= [2p '(x)p ''(x) + 2p(x)p"'(x) - 2p '(x)p"(x)] Integrating we get, log y = - - 3 log x + a , a is
2 x
= p (x) p"' (x) constant
1
dy 1 - y2 dy dx Þ log y + 3 log x = a -
= = x
39. (a) \
dx 1 - x2 1 - y2 1 - x2 a- -
1 1
1
dy dx Þ log ( yx 3 ) = a - Þ yx 3 = e x = c.e x
Þò =ò Þ sin-1 y = sin-1 x + c x
2 1
1- y 1 - x2 c -
where c = e a \y = 3 e x
\ sin -1 -1 x
y - sin x=c
dy 43. (a) y = (x + 1 + x 2 ) n
40. (a) Given = 1 + y2
dx dy æ 1 ö
= n ( x + 1 + x 2 ) n -1 ç1 + (1 + x 2 ) -1 / 2 . 2 x ÷ ;
dy dx è 2 ø
Þ 2
= dx Þ tan -1 y = x + c
1+ y dy ( 1+ x2 + x) n( 1+ x2 + x) n
= n(x + 1+ x2 )n-1 =
Þ y = tan( x + c) Now y(0) = 0 Þ tan c = 0 dx 1+ x2 1+ x2
y ( p ) = 0 Þ tan ( p + c ) = 0 Þ c = n p dy
dy
\ y = tan x or 1+ x2
= ny or 1 + x 2 y 1 = ny ( y1= )
dx dx
41. (a) The equation is
Squaring, (1 + x 2 ) y12 = n 2 y 2
dy æ x cos x + sin x ö 1
+ç ÷y = Differentiating,
dx è x sin x ø x
Integrating factor (1 + x 2 )2y1 y 2 + y12 .2x = n 2 .2yy1
x cos x +sin x
dx d2y
ò (Here, y2 = ) or (1+x2)y2 + xy1 = n2y
I.F. = e x sin x = e log( x sin x ) = x sin x dx 2
 EBD_7588
382 Mathematics Objective MCQs

d2y 2x 1
44. (a) The differential equation is = cos nx P= and Q =
dx 2 1 + x2 (1 + x 2 )2
Integrating
2 x /1+ x 2dx 2)
= (1 + x 2 )
dy sin nx I.F = e ò = e log(1+ x
we get = +C ....(i)
dx n \ Solution is y(1 + x 2 )
cos nx
Integrating again y = - + Cx + D 1
n2 =ò (1 + x 2 )dx + c
(1 + x 2 ) 2
Þ n 2 y + cos n x = n 2 (Cx + D) 1
45. (c) The intersection of y – x + 1 = 0 and y + x + Þ y (1 + x 2 ) = ò dx + c
5 = 0 is (– 2, – 3). Put x = X – 2, y = Y – 3. The given (1 + x 2 )
dY Y–X Þ y (1 + x 2 ) = tan -1 x + c
equation reduces to = Y + X . This is a
dX 48. (b) Given y = e 4 x + 2e - x Differentiating we get
homogeneous equation. Putting Y = vX, we get
dy d2 y
dv v2 +1 = 4e 4 x - 2e - x Þ = 16e 4 x + 2e - x
X = – dx dx 2
dX v +1
d3 y
æ v 1 ö Þ = 64e 4 x - 2e - x
Þ ç– 2 – 2 ÷ dv = dX dx 3
è v + 1 v + 1ø X d3 y dy
Putting these values in +A + By = 0
Þ
1
2
2
( )
– log v + 1 – tan– 1 v = log|X| + constant
We have,
dx 3 dx

Þ log(Y2 + X2) + 2tan– 1

Y
= constant (64 + 4A + B)e 4 x + (-2 - 2A + 2B)e - x = 0
X Þ 64 + 4A + B = 0, - 2 - 2A + 2B = 0
y+3 Solving these eqs., we get A = –13, B = –12
Þ log((y + 3)2 + (x + 2)2) + 2tan – 1 =C 49. (c) The given equation is reduced to
x+2
46. (c) The given equation is x = e xy ( dy / dx )
dy y dy 1
-
dx x + 1
= e3x ( x + 1) Þ ln x = xy
dx
Þ ò ydy = ò x lnx dx
1
ò- dx 1 y 2 ( ln x )2
I.F. = e x +1 = e- log( x +1) = Þ = +c
x +1 2 2
The solution is
Þ y = ± ( ln x ) 2 + c = ± ln x + c
æ 1 ö 1
yç ÷ = ò e3x ( x + 1). dx + a æ dy ö
è x + 1ø x +1 50. (a) sin ç ÷ – a = 0
è dx ø
y e3 x
Þ = ò e 3 x dx + a = +a æ dy ö dy
x +1 3 sin ç ÷ = a Þ = sin–1 a; dy = sin–1 a dx
è dx ø dx
3y
Þ = e 3x + c, c = 3a
x +1 Now integrating both sides, ò dy = ò sin –1 a dx
47. (a) Given differential equation is y = x sin–1 a + c
dy 2 yx 1 51. (c) Consider the given differential equation
+ 2
= which is a linear..
æ dy ö æ dy ö
dx 1 + x (1 + x 2 ) 2 ln ç ÷ + x = 0 Þ ln ç ÷ = – x
dy è dx ø è dx ø
Differential equation of the form: + Py = Q dy
dx Þ = e–x
On comparing, we have dx
on separating the variables, we get
dy = e–x dx,
Differential Equations 383
on integrating both sides, we get 56. (b)
Y
-x
ò dy = ò e dx P(x, y)

e -x
Þ y= + C = – e–x + C Þ y + e–x = C
-1
52. (a) y = 2 cos x + 3 sin x
X
dy d2 y O M T
= –2 sin x + 3 cos x; = –2 cos x – 3 sin x
dx dx Let P(x, y) be any point on the curve, PM the
2
d y perpendicular to x-axis PT the tangent at P
= – (2 cos x + 3 sin x) = – y; + y= 0 meetingthe axis of x at T. As given OT = 2 OM =
dx 2 2x. Equation of the tangent at P(x, y) is
53. (a) dy æ 2 + sin x ö dy
= - cos x, y (0) = 1 Y-y= (X - x)
dx çè 1 + y ø÷ dx
It intersects the axis of x where Y = 0
dy - cos x
Þ = dx dy dy
(1 + y) 2 + sin x i.e. - y = (X - x ) or X = x - y = OT
Integrating both sides dx dx
Þ ln(1 + y ) = - ln(2 + sin x) + C dy dx dy
Hence x - y = 2 x or + =0
Put x = 0 and y = 1 dx x y
Integrating, logx +logy = logC i.e. xy = C.
Þ ln(2) = - ln 2 + C Þ C = ln 4 This passes through (1, 2), \ C = 2.
p Hence the required curve is xy = 2.
Put x = 57. (c) Given curve is y2 = 4a (x – a) ...(i)
2 On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
4 1 2yy¢ = 4a
ln(1 + y ) = - ln 3 + ln 4 = ln Þ y=
3 3 yy¢
54. (a) Given differential equation is Þ a=
2
dy dy cos x 1 On putting the value of a in Eq. (i), we get
sin x + 2 y cos x = 1 ; Þ + 2y =
dx dx sin x sin x æ yy¢ öæ yy¢ ö
y2 = 4 ç ÷ç x - ÷ = yy¢ (2x – yy¢)
dy è 2 øè 2 ø
Þ + ( 2cot x ) y = cosec x
dx Þ yy¢ ( yy¢ - 2 x ) + y 2 = 0
ò 2æç cos xö
sin x ÷
dx 58. (a) Since order of the highest derivative in the
I.F = e ò
2cot x dx
=e è ø = e2logsin x given diff. equation is 1 and exponent of the
log (sin x )2 derivative is also 1 therefore degree and order is
=e e = (sinx)2 (1, 1).
dv dy 59. (b) Given differential equation is
55. (d) Putting v = y / x so that x +v= -1
dx dx dy æ dy ö
y=x +ç ÷
dv dx è dx ø
We have x + v = v + f (1/ v)
dx 2
dy dy æ dy ö
dv dx dv Multiply by ; y = x ç ÷ +1
Þ = ; Þ log | C x | = ò dx dx è dx ø
f(1/ v) x f(1/ v) Since power of highest order derivative is 2.
x \ degree = 2
But y = is the general solution, 60. (d) Divide the equation by sec y
log | Cx |
dy sin y
x 1 dv cos y - = (1 + x )e x
So = = log | Cx |= ò dx 1 + x
y v f (1/ v )
Þ f (1/v) = – 1/v2 dy dz
Put sin y = z Þ cos y = then
(differentiating w.r.t. v both sides) dx dx
Þ f (x/y) = – y2 / x2
 EBD_7588
384 Mathematics Objective MCQs

dz æ 1 ö or log sec x sec y = log c or sec x sec y = c

÷ z = (1 + x )e
x
-ç
dx è 1 + x ø æ pö
curve passes through the point ç 0, ÷
-ò
1
dx
è 4ø
1
I.F. = e 1+ x = e -log(1+ x ) = p
1+ x sec 0 sec = c = 2
The solution is 4
Hence, the required equation of the curve is sec x
æ 1 ö x x sec y = 2
zç ÷ = e + c Þ sin y = (1 + x )(e + c)
è 1 + x ø
dx
61. (c) Divide the equation by y (log y )2 65. (a) (1 + log x) – x log x = ey
dy
1 dy 1 1 1 putting x log x = t Þ (1 + log x) dx = dt
+ × = dt
y (log y ) dx log y x x 2
2
- t = e y Now, I.F. = ò -1dy
\
dy e = e- y
1 -1 dy dz
Put log y = z Þ = Þ te - y = ò e - y e y dy + C
y (log y ) 2 dx dx
Þ t = Cey + yey Þ x log x = (C + y) ey,
dz 1 1 Since, y(1) = 0, then
Thus, we get, -
+ × z = 2 , linear in z
dx x x 0 = (C + 0) 1 Þ C = 0
y
dz æ 1 ö 1 \ yey = x log x Þ x x = e ye
Þ + ç- ÷ z = - 2 ;
dx è x ø x 66. (b) In the given equation,
1 3/ 2
- ò dx 1- log x d2y é æ dy ö 3 ù
I.F. =e x =e = K. = ê1 + ç ÷ ú
x dx 2 êë è dx ø úû
æ ö
1 -1 æ 1 ö
\ The solution is, z ç ÷ = ò 2 ç ÷ dx + c Squaring both the sides,
è xø x è xø 2 3
æ d2y ö é 3ù
1 æ 1ö - x -2 K .ç
2 ÷ = ê1 + æç dy ö÷ ú
+ c Þ x = log y æç cx 2 + ö÷
1 ç dx 2 ÷
Þ ç ÷= è ø êë è dx ø úû
log y è x ø -2 è 2ø
62. (c) Given differential equation, Degree of a differential equation is the highest
power of the highest derivative in equation when
d2y dy derivatives are expressed as polynomial. Here
2
+ x. + sin y + x 2 = 0 degree of differential equation is 2.
dx dx
The order of highest derivative = 2 and degree = 1. 67. (b) Degree of a differential equation is the
power to which the highest derivative is raised
q when it is expressed as polynomial of derivatives.
d dx
dq ò 1 - cos q cos x
63. (a) We have f (q ) = Given equation is
0 2
1 æ d3y ö 3 æ d2y ö
= = cosec2q æ dy ö
1 - cos2 q ç ÷ -3ç ÷+5ç ÷ + 4=0
ç dx3 ÷ ç dx 2 ÷ è dx ø
(using Leibnitz’s Rule) è ø è ø
df (q) 2
Þ = – 2 cosec2 q cotq æ d3y ö 3 d2y dy
dq Þç ÷ =3 -5 -4
ç dx ÷
3
dx 2 dx
df (q) è ø
Þ + 2 f (q) cot q = 0 Cube on both side,
dq
2 3
64. (a) The given differential equation is æ d3y ö é d2y dy ù
sin x cos y dx + cos x sin y dy = 0 ç ÷ = ê3 -5 - 4ú
ç dx3 ÷ êë dx 2 dx úû
sin x sin y è ø
dividing by cos x cos y Þ dx + dy = 0 Hence, degree = 2
cos x cos y
68. (a) [Note derivative of a function is sometimes
Integrating, ò tan x dx + ò tan y dy = log c called as the marginal value, specially in
economics]
Differential Equations 385

dc 71. (b) The given equation can be rewritten as

Given = 2 + 0.15x Integrating we get
dx é x dy - y dx ù y2
x2 ê ú = x 1 -
x2 ë x2 û x2
c ( x ) = 2x + 0.15 +D
2 d æyö y2
when x = 0, c ( x ) = 100 Þ D = 100 Þ x2 ç ÷ = x 1- 2
dx è x ø x
\ the required equation is c(x) = 0.075x2 + 2x + 100
69. (c) Let the intial population be x0 and it is x in y
t years, then the differential equation is Put = z , we get
x
dx dz dx
= kx , k is a constant dz
dt x2 = x 1- z2 Þ =
x .
dx
dx 1- z2
Þ = k dt . Integrating we get Integrating, we get
x
æ yö
log x + kt + c ....(i) sin -1 (z) = log x + c Þ sin -1 ç ÷ = log x + c
When t = 0, x = x 0 Þ c = log x 0 èxø
Then from (i) log x = kt+log x0 Apply the boundary value y (1) = 0
æ0ö
x Þ sin -1 ç ÷ = log 1 + c Þ c = 0
Þ log = kt ....(ii) è1ø
x0
Now when æ yö
\ sin -1 ç ÷ = log x + 0 Þ y = x sin (log x )
x log 2 èxø
t = 40, = 2 Þ log 2 = k.40 Þ k = 72. (a) Put xy = v
x0 40
dy dv dv f (v )
x log 2 \ y+x = Þ =x
\ (ii) becomes log x = 40 . t dx dx dx f '(v)
0
f '(v)
x log 3 \ dv = x dx. Integrating, we get
Next put x = 3 Þ t = 40 f (v )
0 log 2
x y x2 f (v ) x2
70. (c) + =1 ...(1) log f(v) = + log k Þ log =
2 k 2
c –1 c + 1
2 2
1 y' or f (v) = ke x / 2 Þ f (xy) = ke x /2
Þ + c +1 = 0 ...(2) 73. (b) The given differential equation is
c –1
dy dx
y ' c +1 y ' –1 y =x +
Þ = Þ =c dx dy
1 1– c y ' +1
Put value of c in (1) dy
Multiplying both the sides by
x y dx
Þ + =1 2
y ' –1
We get æç ö÷ y = x æç ö÷ + 1
y ' –1 dy dy
–1 +1
y ' +1 y ' +1 dx
è ø dx
è ø
x ( y ' + 1) y ( y ' + 1) æ dy ö
2
æ dy ö
Þ –2 + =1 Þ x ç ÷ - y ç ÷ +1 = 0
2y ' dx
è ø è dx ø
( y ' + 1) æ y ö Hence, order and degree of differential equation
Þ ç – x÷ = 1
2 è y ' ø are 1 and 2.
æ dy ö æ dy ö dy dy f '( x) y2
Þ çè1 + ÷ø çè y – x ÷ø = 2 74. (a) We have = y-
dx dx dx dx f ( x) f ( x)
2
dy f '( x) y
Þ - y=-
dx f ( x) f ( x)
 EBD_7588
386 Mathematics Objective MCQs

-2dy f '( x ) 1 æ dy ö dy
Divide by y2 : y - y -1 =- (x + y) ç1 - ÷ = 1+
dx f ( x) f ( x) è dx ø dx
-1 -2 dy dz Putting x + y = v
Put y = z Þ - y =
dx dx dy dv dy dv
1+ = and = -1
dz f '( x) 1 dx dx dx dx
- - ( z) = -
dx f ( x) f ( x) The equation changes to
dz f '( x) 1 ì æ dv öü dv æ dv ö dv
Þ + z= ví1 - ç - 1÷ ý =
dx f ( x) f ( x) dx dx ; vç 2 - ÷ =
î è øþ è dx ø dx
f '( x)
ò dx
I.F. = e f ( x)
= elog f ( x) = f ( x) dv dv dv
2v – v = ; 2v = (1 + v)
dx dx dx
1
\ The solution is z ( f ( x)) = ò f ( x) ( f ( x)) dx + c æ 1+ v ö æ1 ö
ç ÷dv = 2dx or, ç + 1÷dv = 2dx
Þ y -1 ( f ( x)) = x + c Þ f ( x) = y( x + c) è v ø èv ø
75. (a) We have, dy + {y f'(x) – f(x) f'(x)} dx = 0 Integrating on both the sides,
dy dv
Þ
dx
+ f'(x) × y = f(x) f'(x) ... (i) ò v + ò dv = 2ò dx + c
This is a linear differential equation with log v + v = 2x + c
Putting v = x + y
IF = e ò
f '( x ) dx
= ef(x) log(x + y) + x + y = 2x + c
Multiplying Eq. (i) by f(x) and integrating, we or, log(x + y) + y – x = c
get
or, y – x + log(x + y) = c
yef(x) = ò f( x ) f '( x ) e f( x) dx 78. (b) Degree of differential equation is always a
positive integer.
Þ yef(x) = ò e f( x) f( x ) f '( x) dx
æ 3ö
Þ yef(x) = ò f( x ) ef( x ) f '( x) dx \ ç 2, ÷ can not be the feasible.
è 2ø
f(x) dy ax + b
Þ yef(x) = f(x) e
– ò f '( x) ef ( x) dx 79. (c) Given: =
dx cy + d
Þ yef(x) = f(x) ef(x) – ef(x) + c
Þ y = {f(x) – 1} + ce– f(x) or, (cy + d) dy = (ax + b)dx
Integrating both the sides.
dx x dx x
+ – y2 = 0; + = y2
76. (c)
dy y dy y ò ò ò ò
c. ydy + d dy = a x d x + b dx + K
This is a linear differential equation of the form [K is constant integration]
dx 1 y 2
x 2
+ P1 x = Q1 ; Here, P = and Q = y2 or, c. + d.y = a + b.x + K
dy y 2 2
1 2 2
or, cy + 2d.y = ax + 2b.x + 2K
ò dy
\ I.F. = e ò
P dy This equation will represent a parabola when
= e y = elog y = y
So, required solution is either, the coefficient of x2 or the coefficient of
y2 is zero, but not both.
x . y = y 2 × y dy + c ; xy = y3 dy + c
ò ò Thus either c = 0 or a = 0 but not both.
4 From the choice given, a = 0, c ¹ 0 and b ¹ 0.
y 80. (c) Statement 1: Differential equation is not a
xy = + c; 4xy = y4 + c
4 polynomial equation in its derivatives. So, its
77. (c) Differential equation is degree is not defined.
(x + y) (dx – dy) = dx + dy Statement 2 : The highest order derivative in the
dividing by dx on both the sides given polynomial is 2.
 26 Vector Algebra
1. ABCD a parallelogram, and A1 and B1 are the (a) Arithmetic mean of a and b
midpoints of sides BC and CD, respectively. If (b) Geometric mean of a and b
uuuur uuuur uuur (c) Harmonic mean of a and b
AA1 + AB1 = l AC , then l is equal to
(d) None of the above
1 3 6. The adjacent sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 2
2 2 are represented by the vectors -2$i + 3 $j + 2k$ and
2. Two particles start simultaneously from the
same point and move along two straight lines, -4$i + 5 $j + 2k$ respectively. The area of the
r
one with uniform velocity u and the other from triangle ABC is
r (a) 6 square units (b) 5 square units
rest with uniform acceleration f . Let a be the (c) 4 square units (d) 3 square units
r r
Resolved part of vector ar along vector b is a1
angle between their directions of motion. The
7.
relative velocity of the second particle w.r.t. the r r r r
first is least after a time and that perpendicular to b is a2 , then a1 ´ a2
u cos a u sin a is equal to
(a) (b) r r r r r r
f f (a ´ b ) × b (a × b ) a
(a) r (b) r
f cos a | b |2 | a |2
(c)
u
(d) u sin a
r r r r r r r r
(a × b ) (b ´ a ) ( a × b ) (b ´ a )
r (c) r (d) r r
3. A force F = 3ˆi + 2 ˆj - 4 ˆk is applied at the | b |2 |b ´a |
point (1, –1, 2). What is the moment of the force 8. The components of a vector ar along and
about the point (2, –1, 3)? r
perpendicular to a non-zero vector b are
(a) ˆi + 4 ˆj + 4 ˆ (b) 2 ˆi + ˆj + 2 ˆ
k k
rr rr
æ a.b ö r r æ a.b ö r
(c) 2 ˆi – 7 ˆj – 2 ˆ
k (d) 2 ˆi + 4 ˆj – ˆ k (a) ç r 2 ÷ b & a - ç r 2 ÷ b
è|b | ø è|b | ø
4. What is a vector of unit length orthogonal to
rr rr
both the vectors ˆi + ˆj + kˆ and 2iˆ + 3jˆ - kˆ ? æ a.b ö r r æ a.b ö r
(b) ç r 2 ÷ b & a + ç r 2 ÷ b
- 4iˆ + 3jˆ - kˆ -4iˆ + 3jˆ + kˆ
è|a | ø è|a | ø
(a) (b)
26 26 rr rr
æ a.b ö r æ a.b ö r
(c) ç r 2 ÷ a - ç r 2 ÷ a
-3iˆ + 2ˆj - kˆ -3iˆ + 2ˆj + kˆ è|a | ø è|b | ø
(c) (d)
14 14 (d) None of these
9. If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon and
5. If the vectors a ˆi + aˆj + gk,
ˆ ˆi + kˆ and gˆi + gˆj + bkˆ
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
lie on a plane, where a, b and g are distinct non- AB + AC + AD + AE + AF = k AD , then find
negative numbers, then g is the value of k.
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
 EBD_7588
388 Mathematics Objective MCQs

10. In a right angle DABC , ÐA = 90° and sides a, b, 15. If the pth, qth and rth terms of a G.P. are positive
numbers a, b and c respectively, then find the
c are respectively, 5 cm, 4 cm and 3 cm. If a force
r angle between the vectors
F has moments 0, 9 and 16 in N cm. units
log a 2 ˆi + log b 2 ˆj + log c 2 kˆ and
respectively about vertices A, B and C, then
r
magnitude of F is ( q - r ) ˆi + ( r - p ) ˆj + ( p - q ) kˆ
(a) 9 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 3 p p p p
11. Let a, b, g be distinct real numbers. The points (a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
with position vectors a$i + b $j + g k$ , b$i + g $j + a k$ r r
16. If a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ
and g$i + a $j + bk$
r
(a) are collinear and c = iˆ + aˆj + bkˆ are coplanar and
(b) form an equilateral triangle r
c = 3, then
(c) form a scalene triangle
(d) form a right-angled triangle (a) a = 2, b = 1 (b) a = 1, b = ±1
r r r r
12. Let a = iˆ - ˆj , b = ˆj - kˆ and c = kˆ - iˆ. If d is a (c) a = ±1,b = 1 (d) a = ±1, b = -1
r r rr r r 17. Consider the parallelopiped with side
unit vector such that a × d = 0 = [b c d ], then d
a = 3î + 2 ĵ + k̂ , b = î + ĵ + 2k̂ and c = î + 3 ĵ + 3k̂
equals
then the angle between a and the plane
iˆ + ˆj - 2kˆ iˆ + ˆj - kˆ
(a) ± (b) ±
6 3 containing the face determined by b and c is

iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
(c) ± (d) ± kˆ sin -1
1 -1 9
3 (a) (b) cos
3 14
-1 9 -1 2
13. If OA = a ; OB = b ; OC = 2 a + 3 b ; (c) sin (d) sin
14 3
r r r r r r r r r
OD = a - 2 b , the length of OA is three times 18. If ( a ´ b ) ´ c = a ´ (b ´ c ) where a, b and c
r r r
the length of OB and OA is perpendicular to are any three vectors such that ar.b ¹ 0 , b . c ¹ 0
r r
then a and c are
DB then ( BD ´ AC ).(OD ´ OC) is
p
(a) inclined at an angle of between them
(a) 7 | a ´ b |2 (b) 42 | a ´ b |2 3
(c) 0 (d) None of these p
(b) inclined at an angle of between them
r r r r r r 1 6
14. If r × a = r × b = r × c = for some non-zero (c) perpendicular
2 (d) parallel
r
vector r , then the area of the triangle whose 19. What is the area of the parallelogram having
r r r r r r
vertices are A(a ), B(b ) and C (c ) is (a , b , c diagonals 3iˆ + ˆj - 2kˆ and ˆi - 3jˆ + 4kˆ ?
are non-coplanar) (a) 5 5 square units (b) 4 5 square units
rrr r
(a) | [a b c ] | (b) | r | (c) 5 3 square units (d) 15 2 square units
r rr r
(c) | [a b c ] r | (d) None of these
Vector Algebra 389
r r r r r r 26. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon where centre O is
20. The vectors a, b, c and d are such that a ´ b =
r r r r r the origin. If the position vectors of A and B are
c ´ d and a ´ c = b ´ d . Which of the following
is/ are correct ? î - ĵ + 2k̂ and 2î + ĵ - k̂ respectively then BC
r r r r r
1. ( )
a - d ´ (b - c) = 0 is equal to
r r r r r (a) ˆi + ˆj - 2kˆ (b) - î + ˆj - 2k̂
2. (a ´ b) ´ (c ´ d) = 0
Select the correct answer using the code given (c) 3î + 3ˆj - 4k̂ (d) None of these
below : ur ur ur
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 27. If a , b , c are three non-coplanar vectors, then
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 ur ur ur ur ur ur
ur a .(b ´ c) b .(a ´ c)
21. A force F = 3i + 4 j - 3k$ is applied at the point
$ $ the value of ur ur ur + ur ur ur is :
r (c ´ a).b c .(a ´ b)
P, whose position vector is r = 2µi - 2 $j - 3k$ . (a) 0 (b) 2
What is the magnitude of the moment of the (c) 1 (d) None of these
force about the origin?
(a) 23 units (b) 19 units 28. For any vector p , the value of

22.
(c) 18 units (d) 21 units
What is the interior acute angle of the
parallelogram whose sides are represented by the
3
2
{ }
| p ´ î | 2 + | p ´ ˆj |2 + | p ´ k̂ | 2 is

2 2 2 2
1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ (a) p (b) 2 p (c) 3 p (d) 4 p
vectors i+ j + k and i- j+ k ?
2 2 2 2 r r r
(a) 60° (b) 45° (c) 30° (d) 15°
29. iˆ ´ (A ´ iˆ) + ˆj ´ (A ´ ˆj) + kˆ ´ (A ´ kˆ) is equal to
23. Let x2 + 3y2 = 3 be the equation of an ellipse in ® ®
the x-y plane. A and B are two points whose (a) A (b) 2 A
position vectors are - 3iˆ and - 3iˆ + 2kˆ. Then ®
the position vector of a point P on the ellipse (c) 3 A (d) 0
such that ÐAPB = p / 4 is
30. The vectors AB = 3î + 5 ĵ + 4k̂ and
(a) ± ĵ (b) ± (iˆ + ˆj )
(c) ±iˆ (d) None of these AC= 5î - 5ˆj + 2k̂ are the sides of a triangle
24. Let p, q, r be three mutually perpendicular ABC. The length of the median through A is :
(a) 13 units (b) 2 5 units
vectors of the same magnitude. If a vector x
(c) 5 units (d) 10 units
satisfies the equation
31. A force F = 2i + j – k acts at a point A, whose
p ´ {( x - q ) ´ p} + q ´ {( x - r )) ´ q} position vector is 2i – j. The moment of F about
the origin is
+ r ´ {( x - p) ´ r} = 0 then x is given by (a) i + 2j – 4k (b) i – 2j – 4k
(c) i + 2j + 4k (d) i – 2j + 4k
r r r
32. If a, b and c are the position vectors of the
1 1
(a) ( p + q - 2 r ) (b) ( p + q + r) vertices of an equilateral triangle whose
2 2
1 1 orthocentre is at the origin, then which one of
(c) ( p + q + r) (d) (2 p + q - r ) the following is correct?
3 3
r r r r r r
25. If p and q are non-collinear unit vectors and (a) a + b + c = 0
r r r r r r r r r
| p + q |= 3, then (2p - 3q) × (3p + q) is equal to (b) a + b + c = unit vector
r r r
1 1 1 (c) a + b = c
(a) 0 (b) (c) - (d) - r r r
3 3 2 (d) a = b + c
 EBD_7588
390 Mathematics Objective MCQs
33. Which one of the following is the unit vector 3î - ˆj î + 3ˆj - 2k̂
r (a) (b)
perpendicular to both a = -ˆi + ˆj + kˆ and 6 14
r
b = ˆi - ˆj + kˆ ? 3(î + 3ˆj - 2k̂ ) 3î - ˆj
(c) (d)
ˆi + ˆj ˆj + kˆ ˆi - ˆj 14 10
(a) (b) k̂ (c) (d)
2 2 2
40. Let a , b and c be three non-coplanar vectors,
r ˆ ˆ ˆ r r
34. If a = 2i + 2 j + 3k , b = - iˆ+2ˆj + kˆ and c = 3iˆ + ˆj
r r and let p , q and r be the vectors defined by
are three vectors such that a + tb is
r b´c c´a
perpendicular to c , then what is t equal to ?
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 2 the relations p = , q = and
[a b c] [a b c]
uur uur uur
35. a , b and c are three vectors with magnitude
uur uur uur uur a´b
r = . Then the value of the expression
| a | = 4, | b | = 4, | c | = 2 and such that a is [a b c]
uur uur uur
perpendicular to (b + c ), b is perpendicular to
uur ( a + b ) . p + ( b + c ). q + ( c + a ) . r is equal to
uur uur uur uur
(c + a ) and c is perpendicular to (a + b ) . (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
uur uur uur r r r
41. If u, v, w are non-coplanar vectors and p, q are
It follows that | a + b + c | is equal to :
real numbers, then the equality
(a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 4 r r r rr r r r r
[3u pv pw] - [ pv w qu ] - [2w qv qu ] = 0
36. A vector a = ( x , y, z ) of length 2 3 which
holds for :
makes equal angles with the vectors
(a) exactly two values of (p, q)
b = ( y, - 2z, 3x ) and c = ( 2z, 3x , - y) and is
(b) more than two but not all values of (p, q)
perpendicualr to d = (1, - 1, 2) and makes an (c) all values of (p, q)
obtuse angle with y-axis is (d) exactly one value of (p, q)

(a) (–2, 2, 2) (b) (1, 1, 10 ) 42. The vector c directed along the bisectors of
(c) (2, –2, –2) (d) None of these the angle between the vectors a = 7 î - 4ˆj - 4 k̂ ,
37. Force i + 2 j – 3k , 2i + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ and –iˆ – ˆj + kˆ are
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
acting at the point P (0, 1, 2). The moment of b = -2 î - ĵ + 2k̂ and | c |= 3 6 is given by
these forces about the point A (1, – 2, 0) is
(a) 2iˆ – 6 ˆj + 10kˆ (b) –2iˆ + 6 ˆj –10kˆ (a) î - 7ˆj + 2k̂ (b) î + 7ˆj - 2k̂
(c) 2iˆ + 6 ˆj –10k ˆ (d) None of these (c) î + 7ˆj + 2k̂ (d) î + 7ˆj + 3k̂
38. If vector a = 2i – 3j + 6k and vector b = – 2i + 2j – k,
r r r r r r r
Projection of vector a on vector b 43. Let r = (a ´ b )sin x + (b ´ c ) cos y + 2(c ´ a )
=
then
Projection of vector b on vector a r r r
where a, b , c are three non-coplanar vectors.
3 7 r
(a)
7
(b)
3
(c) 3 (d) 7 If rr is perpendicular to ar + b + cr, then
39. A vector of magnitude 3, bisecting the angle minimum value of x2 + y2 is
between the vectors a = 2î + ˆj - k̂ and
p2
(a) p2 (b)
b = î - 2ˆj + k̂ and making an obtuse angle with 4
5p2
(c) (d) None of these
b is 4
Vector Algebra 391
r r r position vector of centre of triangle DEF, when
44. Let a, b and c be three non-zero vectors such
position vector of A, B, C are respectively
that no two of these are collinear. If the vector
r r r r iˆ + ˆj, ˆj + kˆ, kˆ + iˆ is
a + 2b is collinear with c and b + 3cr is
collinear with ar (l being some non-zero scalar)
r
(a) (
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i + j +k ) (
(b) iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )
then ar + 2b + 6cr equals
3

(a) 0
r
(b) lb (c) lc
r
(d) la
r (
(c) 2 iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) (d)
2 ˆ ˆ ˆ
3
(
i + j +k )
45. The value of 'x' for which the angle between the 50. If OA = a ; OB = b ; OC = 2 a + 3 b ;
vectors a = 2 x 2 î + 4 xĵ + k̂ and
OD = a - 2 b , the length of OA is three times
b = 7 î - 2ˆj + xk̂ is obtuse are the length of OB and OA is perpendicular to
1
(a) x < 0 (b) x > DB then ( BD ´ AC ).(OD ´ OC) is
2
(a) 7 | a ´ b |2 (b) 42 | a ´ b |2
1
(c) 0 < x < (d) x Î R (c) 0 (d) None of these
2
r r r r 51. Let A = a1î + a 2 ĵ + a 3 k̂, B = b1î + b 2 ĵ + b 3 k̂
46. If a, b, c, d are the position vectors of points A,
B, C and D respectively such that and C = c1î + c 2 ˆj + c 3 k̂ be three non zero
r r r r r r r r
(a - d).(b - c) = (b - d).(c - a ) = 0 then D is the
vectors such that C is a unit vector
(a) centroid of D ABC
(b) circumcentre of D ABC perpendicular to both the vectors A and B . If
(c) orthocentre of D ABC
(d) None of these p
r r r the angle between A and B is , then
6
47. Let a, b, c be non-coplanar vector s and
r r r r r r a1 a2 a3
2
r b´c r c´a r a ´ b
p = rrr , q = r rr , r = r rr . b1 b2 b3 is equal to
[abc] [abc] [abc]
c1 c2 c3
What is the value of (a) 0
r r r r r r r r r r r r (b) 1
(a - b - c).p + (b - c - a).q + (c - a - b).r ?
(a) 0 (b) – 3 1 2
(c) 3 (d) – 9 (c) (a1 + a 22 + a 32 )(b12 + b 22 + b 32 )
4
r r r r
48. Let r1 , r2 , r3 ,....., rn , be the position vectors of 3 2 2 2 2
(d) (a1 + a 2 + a3 )(b1 + b22 + b32 )(c12 + c22 + c32 )
points P1, P2, P3, ...., Pn relative to the origin O. If 4
r r r 52. If a, b, c are the pth, qth. rth terms
the vector equation a1r1 + a2 r2 + ...... + an rn = 0 r ofr anrHP and
r r r rr i j k
holds, then a similar equation will also hold w.r.t. u = (q - r) i + (r - p) j + (p - q)k, v = + + then
to any other origin provided a b c
r r
(a) a1 + a2 + .... + an= n (a) u, v are parallel vectors
(b) a1 + a2 + .... + an= 1 r r
(b) u, v are orthogonal vectors
(c) a1 + a2 + .... + an= 0
(c) u.vr r =1
(d) a1 = a2 = a3 = .... = an= 0 r r r r r
49. If the middle points of sides BC, CA & AB of (d) u ´ v = i + j + k
triangle ABC are respectively D, E, F then
 EBD_7588
392 Mathematics Objective MCQs
ur r r r r r r r
53. Given that the vectors a and b are non-collinear.. (a) a +b+c (b) a + b-c
r r ur r r r r r r
The values of x and y for which u - v = w holds (c) a -b+c (d) -a + b+ c
r ur r r ur r ur
true if u = 2 xa + yb, v = 2 ya + 3xb and 60. For any vector a , what is
ur ur r ur ur ur
w = 2a - 5b, are ( ) ( ) ( )
a . ˆi iˆ + a . ˆj ˆj + a . kˆ kˆ equal to ?
(a) x = 2, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 2 ur ur ur r
(c) x = – 2, y = 1 (d) x = – 2, y = – 1 (a) a (b) 3a (c) - a (d) 0
54. The vectors iˆ - 2 xjˆ - 3 ykˆ and iˆ+3xˆj + 2 ykˆ are r r r r
61. If a = i + 2jˆ - 3kˆ and b = 3i - ˆj + lk,
ˆ
orthogonal to each other. Then the locus of the r r r r
point (x, y) is and (a + b) is perpendicular to a - b , then what
(a) hyperbola (b) ellipse is the value of l ?
(c) parabola (d) circle
(a) – 2 only (b) ±2
® ® ®
55. If a = 2iˆ – 2 ˆj + kˆ and c = –iˆ + 2kˆ then | c | . a
(c) 3 only (d) ±3
is equal to :
(a) 2 5 iˆ + 2 5 ˆj + 5 kˆ (b) 2 5 iˆ –2 5 ˆj + 5 kˆ uur uur uur uur uur uur uur
62. If p = l( u ´ v ) + m( v ´ w ) + n( w ´ u )
(c) 5 iˆ + 5 ˆj + 5 kˆ (d) 5 iˆ + 2 5 ˆj + 5 kˆ
1
3 and [ u v w ] = , then l + m + n is equal to
5
56. The upper th portion of a vertical pole
4 (a) 5 (b) 10
3 (c) 15 (d) None of these
subtends an angle tan -1 at a point in the
5 63. The angles of a triangle, two of whose sides
horizontal plane through its foot and at a distance r r
ar e repr esented by the vectors 3(a ´ b)
40 m from the foot. A possible height of the vertical r rr r r
pole is and b - (a.b)a where b is a non-zero vector and
(a) 80 m (b) 20 m (c) 40 m (d) 60 m. r
a is a unit vector are
57. If a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 where a, b, c Î R, then the
maximum value of
(4a - 3b)2 + (5b - 4c) 2 + (3c - 5a) 2 is
æ 1 ö æ 3+2 ö
÷÷; tan -1 æç ÷; tan -1 ç
1ö
(a) tan -1çç ÷
è2ø ç1- 2 3 ÷
(a) 25 (b) 50 è 3ø è ø
(c) 144 (d) None of these
rr r r
58. If a.b = 0 and a + b makes an angle of 60° with
r
(b) ( ) æ 1 ö
tan -1 3 ; tan -1 çç
3
÷÷; cot -1 (0)
a , then è ø
r r r r
(a) | a | = 2 | b | (b) 2 | a | = | b |
r r r r (c) ( ) æ 3+2 ö
tan -1 3 ; tan -1 (2) tan -1ç ÷
ç 2 3 -1 ÷
(c) | a | = 3 | b | (d) | b |= 3 | a | è ø
r r r
59. If a, b, c are the position vectors of corners A, B,
æ 2 +3 ö
C of a parallelogram ABCD, then what is the (d) tan -1 ( 3 ); tan -1 ( 2 ); tan -1 ç ÷
position vector of the corner D ? ç 3 2 -1 ÷
è ø
Vector Algebra 393

64. The vectors (2iˆ - mjˆ + 3mkˆ) &{(1+ m) iˆ - 2mjˆ + kˆ} æ® ®ö

æ® ®ö
include an acute angle for çç a ´ b ÷÷ çç a ´ b ÷÷
è ø
(a) all values of m (b) m < – 2 or m > – 1/2 (c) -è ø (d)
® ® ® ®
é 1ù
a ´b
(c) m = – 1/2 (d) m Î ê -2, - ú a ´b
ë 2û
r
65. If a is a position vector of a point (1, – 3) and A
68. What is the vector equally inclined to the vectors
is another point (– 1, 5 ), then what are the
uuur r ˆi + 3jˆ and 3iˆ + ˆj ?
coordinates of the point B such that AB = a ?
(a) (2, 0) (b) (0, 2) (c) (– 2, 0) (d) (0, – 2) (a) ˆi + ˆj (b) 2iˆ - ˆj
66. If r1 , r2 , r3 are the position vectors of three (c) 2iˆ + ˆj (d) None of these
collinear points and scalars m and n exist such
69. If p and q are two unit vectors inclined at an
that r3 = m r1 + n r2 , then what is the value of
(m + n) ? angle a to each other then | p + q |< 1 if
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) 2
2p 4p 4p
® (a) <a< (b) < a < 2p
67. If c is the unit vector perpendicular to both the 3 3 3
® ® p p
vectors a and b , then what is another unit (c) 0<a< (d) a=
3 2
vector perpendicular to both the vectors r r
70. If r1 = liˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ, r2 = iˆ + ( 2 - l ) ˆj + 2kˆ are
® ®
a and b ? r r
such that r1 > r2 , then l satisfies which one of
® ® ® ® the following?
(a) c´ a (b) c ´ b (a) l = 0 only (b) l = 1
(c) l < 1 (d) l > 1

Answer KEYs
1 (c) 8 (a) 15 (d) 22 (a) 29 (b) 36 (c) 43 (c) 50 (b) 57 (b) 64 (b)
2 (a) 9 (b) 16 (c) 23 (a) 30 (c) 37 (b) 44 (c) 51 (c) 58 (d) 65 (b)
3 (c) 10 (c) 17 (c) 24 (b) 31 (c) 38 (b) 45 (c) 52 (b) 59 (c) 66 (b)
4 (b) 11 (a) 18 (d) 25 (d) 32 (a) 39 (c) 46 (c) 53 (a) 60 (a) 67 (d)
5 (b) 12 (a) 19 (c) 26 (b) 33 (a) 40 (d) 47 (c) 54 (d) 61 (b) 68 (a)
6 (d) 13 (b) 20 (c) 27 (a) 34 (a) 41 (d) 48 (c) 55 (b) 62 (d) 69 (a)
7 (c) 14 (c) 21 (a) 28 (c) 35 (b) 42 (a) 49 (d) 56 (c) 63 (b) 70 (d)
 EBD_7588
394 Mathematics Objective MCQs

3. (c) Let point P is (1, –1, 2)

1. (c) Let P.V. of and point Q is (2, –1, 3)
(d ) Þ Position vector of P w.r.t. Q is
D
B1 C (b +d ) r
r = (1 - 2)iˆ + (-1 + 1) ˆj + (2 - 3)kˆ
r ur
A1 Þ r = -iˆ + 0 ˆj - kˆ and F = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj - 4kˆ

A B iˆ ˆj kˆ
(0) (b ) r ur
r r r Þ Moment = r ´ F = -1 0 -1
A, B and D be 0, b and d , respectively..
Then P.V. of C, 3 2 -4
r r r
c = b +d . = iˆ(0 + 2) - ˆj (4 + 3) + kˆ(-2 + 0) = 2iˆ - 7 ˆj - 2kˆ
r ur
r d
Also P.V. of A1 = b + 4. (b) A = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
2 ur
and P.V. of B1 B = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj - kˆ
r
r b uuuur uuuur 3 r r 3 uuur
=d+ Þ AA1 + AB1 = (b + d ) = AC iˆ ˆj kˆ
2 2 2 ur ur
2. (a) We can consider the two velocities as A´ B = 1 1 1
r r $ $ 2 3 -1
v1 = ui$ and v2 = ( ft cos a ) i + ( ft sin a ) j
ft = iˆ(-1 - 3) - ˆj (-1 - 2) + kˆ(3 - 2)
= -4iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
Vector of unit length orthogonal to both the
ur ur
a vectors A and B
u ur ur
\ Relative velocity of A´ B
second with respect to first = ur ur
r r r | A´ B|
v = v2 - v1 = ( ft cos a - u ) $i + ft sin a $j
r2 -4i + 3 j + k -4iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
Þ v = ( ft cos a - u ) + ( ft sin a )
2 2 = =
16 + 9 + 1 26
2 2 2
= f t + u - 2uft cos a 5. (b) If three vectors are co-planar.
r a a g
For v to be min we should have
1 0 1 =0
dv
2 Þ
= 0 Þ 2 f 2t - 2uf cos a = 0 g g b
dt
u cos a Þ a [ 0 - g ] - a [b - g ] + g [ g - 0 ] = 0
Þ t=
f Þ – ag - ab + ag + g 2 = 0
2 2
d v Þ g 2 = ab
Also 2
= 2 f 2 = + ve
dt Þ So a, g, b are in G.P.
2
u cos a
\ v and hence v is least at the time f
Vector Algebra 395

1 uuur uuur uuuur uuuur rr r rr

æ a.b ö r
6. (d) Area of DABC =
2
(
AB ´ AC ) \ OM = | OM|bˆ = r
æ a.b ö b
ç | b | ÷ | br | = ç | br |2 ÷ b
è ø è ø
$i $j k$ uuuur uuuur uuur uuuur uuur uuuur
1 OM + MA = OA \ MA = OA - OM
= –2 3 2 r r
2 r æ a ×b ö r
–4 5 2 = a - ç r 2 ÷b
è| b | ø
1 é$ uuur uuur uuur uuur
= i (6 – 10) – $j ( – 4 + 8) + k$ ( –10 + 12)ùû 9. (b) Q AB = ED and AF = CD , So
2ë uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
AB + AC + AD + AE + AF
1 uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
= éë – 4i$ – 4j$ + 2k$ ùû = ED + AC + AD + AE + CD
2
E D
1 1
= 16 + 16 + 4 = 36
2 2
1
= ×6 F C
2
= 3 square units
r r r
r r ˆ ˆ (a × b )b
7. (c) a1 = (a × b)b = r 2 uuur uuur
A
uuur uuur uuur
B
|b | = (AC + CD) + (AE + ED) + AD
r r r uuur uuur uuur uuur
r r r r (a × b ) b
Þ a2 = a - a1 = a - r = AD + AD + AD = 3AD \ k = 3
| b |2 10. (c) Since, the moment about A is zero, hence
r r r r r r
r r ( a × b ) b æ r (ar × b ) b ö F passes through A. Taking A as origin. Let the
Thus, a1 ´ a2 = r ´ça - r ÷ r
| b |2 ç | b |2 ÷ø line of action of force F be y = mx . (see figure)
è
r r r r Moment about
(a × b )( b ´ a ) 3m r
= r B= | F | = 9 ....(1)
| b |2
uuuur 1 + m2
8. (a) OM = component
r Y
r
of a along b
uuuur r C(0,4)
MA = component of a F
r
perpendicular to b (y = mx)
Aa
A B(3,0)
Moment about
4 r
q C = | F |= 16 ....(2)
b
1 + m2
O M B
3 v
OM Dividing (1) by (2), we get : m = Þ| F | = 5N .
D OMA Þ cos q = 4
OA
uuuur uuur r 11. (a) a, b and g be distinct real numbers
Þ OM = | OM | = | OA | cos q = | a | cos q
rr r r r a $i + b $j + g k$ ; b $i + g $j + a k$ ; g $i + a $j + b k$
Q a.b = | a | | b | cos q = | b | (OM) r r r
a, b and c are collinear
If a = a, b = b, c = g (Q a = ˆi + ˆj + k)
ˆ
 EBD_7588
396 Mathematics Objective MCQs
r
12. (a) Let d = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ a . b = 2[log a (q - r ) + log b ( r - p ) + log c( p - q )]
where x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 ...(i) = 2[(q - r ){log A + (p - 1) log x}
r r ...(ii)
\ a × d = 0 Þ x - y = 0 or x = y +(r - p){log A + (q - 1) log x}
0 1 -1 +(p - q){log A + (r - 1) log x}]
rr r
[b c d ] = 0 Þ -1 0 1 = 0 = 2[(q - r + r - p + p - q) log A
x y z +(qp - pr - p + r + qr - pq
or x + y + z = 0 -r + p + pr - qr - p + q) log x ] = 0
or 2x + z = 0 [Using (ii)]
or z = –2x . ..(iii) p
Hence, the angle between a and b is .
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we have x 2 + x 2 + 4 x 2 = 1 2
r r r
1 16. (c) Since a , b and c are coplanar therefore
Þ x=±
6 1 1 1 r
2 2
r 4 3 4 = 0 Þ b = 1; c = 1+ a + b = 3
æ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 2 rö æ iˆ + ˆj - 2kˆ ö
\d = ±ç i+ j- k ÷ = ±ç ÷÷ 1 a b
è 6 6 6 ø ç 6
è ø
Þ a2 + b2 = 2 Þ a2 = 1 \ a = ± 1
13. (b) BD = a - 3 b , AC = a + 3 b î ĵ k̂
BD ´ AC = ( a - 3 b ) ´ ( a + 3 b ) = 6 a ´ b 17. (c) b ´ c = 1 1 2 = -3î - ĵ + 2k̂
1 3 3
OD ´ OC = ( a - 2 b ) ´ ( 2 a + 3 b ) = 7 a ´ b If q is the angle between a and the plane
( BD ´ AC) . (OD ´ OC) = 42( a ´ b ) 2 containing b and c , then
r
14. (c) Any vector r can be represented in terms
r r r cos( 90° - q) =
a .( b ´ c )
of three non-coplanar vectors a, b and c as
r r r r r r r | a || b ´ c |
r = x(a ´ b ) + y (b ´ c ) + z (c ´ a ) ...(i)
r r
1 1 9
r = . | (-9 - 2 + 2) |=
Takin g dot product with a, b and c , 14 14 14
r r we have
respectively,
r ×c
r r
r ×a r r 9 æ9ö
x = r r r , y = r r r and z = rr ×rbr Þ sin q = Þ q = sin -1 ç ÷ .
14 è 14 ø
[a b c ]
From (i), we have
[a b c ] [a b c ] r r r r r r r r
18. (d) (a ´ b ) ´ c = a ´ ( b ´ c ) , a. b ¹ 0 ,
rr
rrr r 1 r r r r r r b. c ¹ 0
[a b c ]r = (a ´ b + b ´ c + c ´ a )
2 rr r rr r rr r r r r
Þ (a. c ). b - ( b. c )a = (a. c ). b - (a. b ).c
1 r r r r r r r r r rr r r r
\ Area of DABC = | a ´ b + b ´ c + c ´ a | Þ (a. b ).c = ( b. c )a Þ a || c .
2 uuur
rrr r
= | [a b c ] r | 19. (c) Diagonal d1, AC = 3i + j - 2k
15. (d) Let A be the first term and x the common uuur
Diagonal d2, BD = i - 3 j + 4k
ratio of G.P.
So, a = Ax p -1 Þ log a = log A + (p - 1) log x D
C
Similarly, log b = log A + (q - 1) log x
and log c = log A + (r - 1) log x
M
If a = log a 2 î + log b 2 ˆj + log c 2 k̂

and b = (q - r ) î + ( r - p )ˆj + ( p - q )k̂ then A B

Vector Algebra 397

1 uur uur æ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆö æ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆö
Area of parallelogram is | d1 ´ d 2 | ç i+ j + k ÷ .ç i- j+k÷
2 è 2 2 øè 2 2 ø
iˆ ˆj kˆ = 1 1 1 1
1 + +1 + +1
2 2 2 2
Hence area = 2 3 1 -2
1 -3 4 1 é1 1 ù 1
= - + 1 = = cos 60°
2 êë 2 2 úû 2
1 ˆ
= | [i (4 - 6) - ˆj (12 + 2) + kˆ( -9 - 1) | \ q = 60°
2 23. (a) Point P lies on x2 + 3y2 = 3 ...(i)
1 Z
= | -2iˆ - 14 ˆj - 10kˆ | B
2 P
X' Y
1
= 4 + 196 + 100 A
2
10 3 P O
= = 5 3 square units Y' X
2 Z'
r r r r
20. ( ) (
(c) a - d ´ b - c ) Now from the diagram, according
to the given conditions,
r r r r r r r r
= a ´ b - d´ b - a ´c + d´c AP = AB or ( x + 3)2 + ( y - 0)2 = 4
r r r r r r r r
= c´d - d ´ b - b´d - c´d or ( x + 3)2 + y 2 = 4 ..(ii)
r r r r
= -d ´ b + d ´ b Solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 0 and y = ± 1
=0 Hence, point P has position vector ± ˆj.
r r r r
( ) (
Again a ´ b = c ´ d given ) 24. (b) Let | p | = | q | = | r | = k
r r r r r r r r
Þ (a ´ b) ´ (c ´ d) = (c ´ d) ´ (c ´ d) = 0
r r Let p̂, q̂ , r̂ be unit vectors along p, q, r
( as a ´ a = 0) respectively. Clearly p̂, q̂, r̂ are mutually
So both (1) and (2) are correct.
ur uur perpendicular vecotrs, so any vector x can be
21. (a) Moment of force, m = r ´ F
weitten as a1p̂ + a 2 q̂ + a 3r̂ .
$i $j k$
\ p ´ {( x - q ) ´ p} = ( p . p) ( x - q ) - { p.( x - q )} p
m = 2 –2 –3
3 4 –3 = k 2 ( x - q ) - ( p. x ) p [Q p . q = 0]
2
= k ( x - q ) - kp̂.( a1p̂ + a 2 q̂ + a 3 r̂ ) kp̂
= $i (6 + 12) – $j (– 6 + 9) + k$ (8 + 6)
= k 2 ( x - q - a1p̂)
= 18 $i – 3 $j + 14 k$ Similarly, q ´ {( x - r ) ´ q} = k 2 ( x - r - a 2 q̂ )
= (18)2 + ( –3)2 + (14)2 and r ´ {( x - p) ´ r} = k 2 ( x - p - a 3 r̂ )
= 529 = 23 units. According to the given condition
1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ k 2 ( x - q - a1p̂ + x - r - a 2 q̂ + x - p - a 3 r̂ ) = 0
22. (a) Let a = i+ j+k
2 2 Þ k 2 {3 x - ( p + q + r ) - (a1p̂ + a 2 q̂ + a 3 r̂ )} = 0
1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
and b = i- j+ k Þ k 2 [ 2 x - ( p + q + r )] = 0
2 2
1
a.b Þ x= ( p + q + r) [Q k ¹ 0]
\ cos q = 2
| a || b |
 EBD_7588
398 Mathematics Objective MCQs
® ®
r r r r r
® ® ®® ˆj ´ (A´ ˆj) = ( ˆj. ˆj)A–( ˆj.A) ˆj = A–( ˆj .A) ˆj ....(ii)
25. (d) | p + q | = 3 Þ p2 + q 2 + 2 p q = 3 r r r
® ® And kˆ ´ (A ´ kˆ) = (kˆ.kˆ)A – (kˆ.A)kˆ
Since p and q are unit vectors So, 1 + 1 + 2pq = 3 r r
= A – (kˆ .A)kˆ ....(iii)
1 Now, eqn (i) + eqn (ii) + eqn (iii) :
Þ 2pq = 1 Þ pq = r r r r
2
iˆ ´ (A ´ iˆ) + ˆj ´ (A ´ ˆj) + kˆ(A ´ kˆ) = 3A
® ®® ®® ®
® ® ® ® -1 r r r
2 2
(2 p - 3 q ) (3 p + q ) = 6p + 2 p q - 9 q p - 3q = r r r
2 -[(iˆ × A) iˆ + ( ˆj × A) ˆj + (kˆ × A) kˆ] = 3A - A = 2A .
uuur
26. (b) OA = î - ˆj + 2k̂ , OB = 2î + ˆj - k̂ 30. (c) Let the given vectors be AB = 3iˆ + 5 ˆj + 4kˆ
\ OC = AB = OB - OA = î + 2 ĵ - 3k̂
uuur
and AC = 5iˆ - 5 ˆj + 2kˆ A
E D

5i
^ –5
k^
Let AM be the median

4
j+

^j +2
through A

+5 ^
F O C
uuuur 1 uuur uuur

^k
3 i^
\ AM = (AB + AC)
2 B M C
A B
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
\ BC = OC - OB = ( î + 2 ĵ - 3k̂ ) - ( 2î + ˆj - k̂ ) = [(3i + 5 j + 4k ) + (5i - 5 j + 2k )]
2
= - î + ĵ - 2k̂ 1
27. (a) By definition of scalar triple product = (8iˆ + 6kˆ) = (4iˆ + 3kˆ)
2
r r r rrr
a × (b ´ c ) can be written as [a b c]
\ Length of the median AM = 42 + 32
r r r r r r rrr rrr
a.(b ´ c ) b.(a ´ c ) [a b c ] [b a c ] = 5 units
r r r+r r r = rrr + rrr ur
(c ´ a ).b c.(a ´ b ) [c a b ] [c a b ] 31. (c) Force (F) = 2i + j – k and its position vector
rrr rrr of A = 2i – j. We know that the position vector of
[a b c ] [a b c ]
= r r r - r r r = 1-1 = 0 a force about origin (r) = (2i – j) – (0i + 0j+ 0k) or
[a b c ] [a b c ] r = 2i – j.
rrr rrr rrr Therefore, moment of the force about origin
Q [a b c ] = [b c a ] = [c a b ]
rrr rrr ur
i j k
but [b a c ] = – éëa b c ùû = r ´ F = 2 –1 0 = i + 2 j + 4 k .
28. (c) Suppose p = p1î + p 2 ĵ + p 3 k̂ 2 1 –1
32. (a) Position vectors of vertices A, B and C are
p ´ î = p 2 ˆj ´ î + p 3 k̂ ´ î = - p 2 k̂ + p 3 ĵ r r r
a, b and c .
| p ´ î |2 = p 22 + p 32 A
2
Similarly, | p ´ ĵ | = p 32 + p12 ,
| p ´ k̂ |2 = p12 + p 22
P N
3
{
\ | p ´ î | 2 + | p ´ ĵ |2 + | p ´ k̂ | 2
2
} O
2
= 3( p12 + p 22 + p 32 ) = 3 p
29. (b) We have B M C
r r r Q triangle is equilateral.
iˆ ´ (A ´ iˆ) + ˆj ´ (A ´ ˆj ) + kˆ ´ (A ´ kˆ) \ Centroid and orthocenter will coincide.
r r r r r Centroid º orthocenter position vector
iˆ ´ (A ´ iˆ) = (iˆ.iˆ)A – (iˆ.A)iˆ = A – (iˆ.A)iˆ ....(i)
Vector Algebra 399
uuur ur uur ur uur ur
1 r r r + 2a . b + 2b . c + 2c . a
= ( a + b + c)
3 ur ur ur
Q given in question orthocenter is at origin. Þ| a + b + c |2 = 4 2 + 4 2 + 2 2 + 0 = 36
ur ur ur
1 r r r or | a + b + c | = 6
Hence (a + b + c) = 0
3
r r r 36. (c) Since, a is ^ to d , so x – y + 2z = 0
a +b +c = 0 ....(1)
33. (a) According to question a = -iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and Moreover, | b |=| c | , so a . b = a . c
b = iˆ - ˆj + kˆ as a makes equal angles with b and c . Thus
iˆ ˆj kˆ xy - 2 yz + 3xz = 2xz + 3xy - yz
Þ xz - 2xy - yz = 0 ...(2)
Then, a × b = -1 1 1
1 -1 1 Also, x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 12 ....(3)
and y < 0
= iˆ [1 + 1] - ˆj [-1 - 1] + kˆ[1 - 1] Put the value of y from eq. (1) in eq. (2),
= 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 0 = 2(iˆ + ˆj) we get, x 2 + 2 xz + z 2 = 0 ; so, x = – z and y = z
Again put these values in eq. (3), we get
and |a × b| = 4 + 4 = 2 2
\ Required unit vector z 2 = 4 Þ z = ±2
But y < 0 and y = z. Hence, z = –2 = y and x = 2
2(iˆ + ˆj) iˆ + ˆj r
=± =± 37. (b) If F be the resultant force, then
2 2 2 r
r r F = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 2kˆ
34. (a) a + t b = (2 - t)iˆ + (2 + 2t) ˆj + (3 + t)kˆ r uuur
r r r Also, r = AP = – iˆ + 3 ˆj + 2kˆ
(a + tb) and c is perpendicular. Therefore, \ required moment
r r r
(a + tb).c = 0 iˆ ˆj kˆ
3 (2 – t) + 2 + 2t = 0 r r
6 – 3t + 2t + 2 = 0 = r ´ F = –1 3 2 = –2iˆ + 6jˆ – 10kˆ
t=8 2 4 2
ur ur ur
35. (b) Since, a , b and c are three vectors with b.a a.b | a | 7
ur ur ur 38. (b) Required value = = = .
magnitude | a |=| b |= 4 and | c |= 2, |b| |a | |b| 3
ur ur ur
As a is perpendicular to (b + c ) 39. (c) A vector bisecting the angle between a
ur ur ur ur ur uurur
Þ a .(b + c ) = 0 or a .b + a .c = 0 ...(i) and b is
ur ur ur 2î + ĵ - k̂ î - 2 ĵ + k̂
b is perpenducular to (c + a ) a b ±
± ; in this case i.e.,
ur ur ur urur urur |a| |b| 6 6
Þ b .(c + a ) =Þ0 or b.c + b.a = 0 ...(ii)
ur ur ur 3î - ĵ î + 3ˆj - 2k̂
Þ c is perpendicular to (a + b ) or
ur ur ur ur ur ur ur 6 6
Þ c .(a + b ) = 0 Þor c . a + c .b = 0 ...(iii) A vector of magnitude 3 along these vectors is
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
uur ur ur ur ur ur 3(3î - ˆj) 3(î + 3 ĵ - 2k̂ )
Þ 2(a . b + b .c + c .a ) = 0 or
10 14
Further we know that
ur ur ur ur ur ur
ÞQ | a + b + c |2 =| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2
 EBD_7588
400 Mathematics Objective MCQs

3 vectors along a and b

Now, (î + 3ˆj - 2k̂ ).(î - 2 ĵ + k̂) is negative
14 respectively,
3 1
and hence (î + 3ˆj - 2k̂ ) makes an obtuse then â = (7 î - 4 ĵ - 4k̂ ) and
14 9
1
angle with b . b̂ = (-2î - ˆj + 2 k̂ )
3
a .( b ´ c ) [a b c] The required vector
40. (d) a .p = = =1 = b . q = c . r
[a b c] [a b c]
c = l ( â + b̂ ) , where l is a scalar
b .( b ´ c ) 0
b .p = = =0 = c . p = a . r æ1 7 2 ö
[a b c] [a b c] = l ç î - ˆj + k̂ ÷
Therefore, the given expression is equal to è9 9 9 ø
æ 1 49 4 ö 54 2
1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 = 3. | c | 2 = l2 ç + + ÷= l
r r r è 81 81 81 ø 81
41. (d) Q u , v , w are non-coplanar vectors
r r r Þ (3 6 ) 2 = l2
54
\ [ u , v , w] ¹ 0 81
r r r r r r
Now, [ 3u , pv , p w] – [ pv , p w, qu ] – Þ l2 = 81 Þ l = ±9 . Hence, c = ( î - 7 ĵ + 2k̂ )
r r r r r r r r r r
[ 2 w, qv , qu ] = 0 43. (c) r = (a ´ b )sin x + (b ´ c ) cos y + 2(c ´ a )
r r r r r r r r r r
Þ 3 p2 [ u , v , w] – pq [ v , w, u ] – 2q2
r r r r × (a + b + c ) = 0
[ w, v , u ] = 0 rrr
Þ [a b c ](sin x + cos y + 2) = 0
r r r r r r r r r
Þ 3 p2 [ u , v , w] - pq [ u , v , w] + 2q 2 [ u , v , w] rrr
Since, [a b c ] ¹ 0, we have sin x + cos y = –2
r r r
Þ (3 p2 – pq + 2q2) [ u , v , w ] = 0 This is possible only when sin x = –1 and cos y = –1.
Þ 3p2 – pq + 2q2 = 0 p
2 2 For x2 + y2 to be minimum, x = and y = p.
q 7q 2
Þ 2p2 + p2 – pq + + =0
4 4 p2 5p2
2 \ Minimum value of ( x 2 + y 2 ) = + p2 =
æ
Þ 2p2 + ç p - ÷ +
qö 7 2
q = 0 Þ p = 0, q = 0, r r r r r4 r 4
è ø 2 4 44. (c) Let a + 2b = tc and b + 3c = s a, where t
p=q/2 and s are scalars. Adding, we get
r r r r r r r r r r r r
This is possible only when p = 0, q = 0 a + 3b + 3c = tc + saÞ a + 2b + 6c = tc + sa - b + 3c
\ There is exactly one value of (p, q). r r r r r r
= tc + (b + 3c ) - b + 3c = (t + 6)c
42. (a) r r r
é using s a = b + 3c ù
ë û
P l ( a + b)) r
= lc , where l = t + 6
b
45. (c)
+ +
O a Q 0 – 1
–
2
OQ = PQ
OQ = PQ = l(say);
uuur uuur uuur ur 1
OP = OQ + QP; c = laˆ + lbˆ 0<x< –
2
ur ur
Let â and b̂ be unit a . b = (2 x 2iˆ + 4 xjˆ + kˆ).(7iˆ - 2 ˆj + xkˆ)
Vector Algebra 401

= 2 x2 (7) + (4 x)(-2) + (1)( x) =14 x 2 - 7 x r1 r2

r1 ' r2' rn
rn '
iˆ × iˆ = 1s = ˆj × ˆj = 1
The angle between vectors a and b is obtuse O
r r a O'
Þ a. b < 0 Þ 14x 2 - 7x < 0 Hence,
r r r r r r
æ 1ö a1 (a + r1 ') + a2 (a + r2 ') + .... + an (a + rn ') = 0
Þ 7x(2x - 1) < 0 Þ 14x ç x - ÷ < 0
è 2ø r r r r
a1r1 '+ a2 r2 '+ .... + an rn '+ a (a1 + a2 + ... + an ) = 0
1 r r r
Þ x lies between 0 and Hence, a1r1 '+ a2 r2 '+ .... + an rn ' = 0 if a1 + a2
2
(By the Method of Intervals) + .... + an = 0.
1 49. (d)
i.e. 0 < x < . D C
2
Hence, the angle between the given vectors is ^ – ^j)
1 (k
2 1 (I^ – ^j)
æ 1ö
obtuse if x Î ç 0, ÷ . 2
è 2ø
r r r r A 1 ^ ^
(k –i)
B
46. (c) \ (a - d)(b - c) = 0 2
The position vector
Þ DA and CB are perpendicular of points D, E, F are respectively
(b - d ) × (c - a ) = 0 iˆ + ˆj ˆ ˆ kˆ + ˆj iˆ + kˆ ˆ
+ k, i + and +j
2 2 2
Þ DB and AC are perpendicular
\ D is orthocentre of DABC So, position vector of centre of DDEF
r r r r
r b´c r c´a
1 é iˆ + ˆj ˆ ˆ kˆ + ˆj iˆ + kˆ ù
47. (c) As given p = r rr , q = r rr , and = ê +k +i + + ˆj ú
[abc] [abc] 3ë 2 2 2
r r û
r a´b
r = rrr 2 ˆ ˆ ˆ
éi + j + k ù
=
[abc]
r r r r r r r r r r r r 3ë û
\ (a - b - c).p + (b - c - a).q + (c - a - b).r 50. (b) BD = a - 3 b , AC = a + 3 b
r r r r r r r r
a.(b ´ c) b.(c ´ a) c.(a ´ b)
= r rr + rrr + rrr BD ´ AC = ( a - 3 b ) ´ ( a + 3 b ) = 6 a ´ b
[abc] [abc] [abc]
OD ´ OC = ( a - 2 b ) ´ ( 2 a + 3 b ) = 7 a ´ b
[Since b .( b ´ c ) = 0,
ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ( BD ´ AC) . (OD ´ OC) = 42( a ´ b ) 2
c .(b ´ c ) , = 0, c .(c ´ a ) = 0 a .(c ´ a ) ] 2
ur ur ur ur ur ur a1 a 2 a3
uuruuruur uur uur uur
= 0, a .(a ´ b ) = 0 and b .(a ´ b ) = 0 51. (c) b1 b2 b3 = [ A B C ]2 = (( A ´ B ) . C )2
rrr rrr rrr
[a b c] [a b c] [a b c] c1 c2 c3
= rrr + rrr + rrr =3
[a b c] [a b c] [a b c] 2
ì p ü
r r r = í| A | | B | sin ( C ) . C ý
48. (c) Given a1r1 + a2 r2 + ...... + an rn = 0 î 6 þ
2
r r r 2 2 4 æ1ö 1
| A | 2 | B |2
Now a + r1 ' = r1 and so on =|A| |B| ç ÷ |C| =
è2ø 4
1 2
= (a 1 + a 22 + a 32 )(b12 + b 22 + b 32 )
4
 EBD_7588
402 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 1 Þ h2 - 200h + 6400 =
0Þ h =
40 or 160 metre
52. (b) = A + (p - 1)D ; = A + (q - 1)D ;
a b \ possible height =
40 metre
1 r r
= A + (r - 1)D 57. (b) Let r1 = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ, r2 = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ
c r r r r
c-b a -c | r1 ´ r2 |2 £| r1 |2 | r2 |2 ...(1)
\ q–r = , r-p =
bcD acD iˆ ˆj kˆ
r r
b-a q -r r -p p -q Now, r1 ´ r2 = a b c
p-q = Þ + + =0
abD a b c 3 4 5
Þ u ×v = 0 = iˆ(5b - 4c) + ˆj (3c - 5a) + kˆ(4a - 3b)
r r uur So, from (1) :
53. (a) u – v = w
ur r ur r ur r (5b - 4c )2 + (3c - 5a) 2 + (4a - 3b) 2 £ 50
( ) ( )
2x a + y b – 2y a + 3x b = 2 a – 5 b
58.
r r r r r r
(d) ( a + b ) .a = a + b a cos 60°
ur r ur r r r r
( 2x – 2y) a + ( y – 3x ) b = 2 a – 5 b 1 ( a + b) .a a
2

\ 2x – 2y = 2 ... (i) cos 60°r= = r r r = r r r

2 a + b a a + b a
and 3x – y = –5 ... (ii) 1 a
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get = r r ...(1)
2 a+b ur r r r
x = 2 and y = 1 { as a.b = 0, a ^ b}
54. (d) (iˆ - 2xjˆ - 3yk).(i
ˆ ˆ + 3xjˆ + 2yk) ˆ =0
1 – 6x2 – 6y2 = 0 b
– 6x2 – 6y2 = –1 a+ b
1 30°
x2 + y2 =
6
2 60°
æ 1ö a
x + y = çç
2 2
÷÷ r r r r r r
è 6ø ( a + b) .b = a + b b cos 30°
r r r r r
55. (b) If a = 2iˆ – 2 ˆj + kˆ and c = –iˆ + 2kˆ 3 ( a + b ) . (b )
cos 30° = = r r r
r 2 a+b b
| c |= (–1)2 + 2 2 = 1 + 4 = 5 r2 r
r r 3 b b
| c |. a = 5.(2iˆ – 2 ˆj + kˆ) = r r r = r r ...(2)
2 a+b b a+b
r r
\ | c |.a = 2 5iˆ – 2 5 ˆj + 5kˆ Dividing (2) by (1) :
3 r r
(c) q = a + b , b = tan -1 æç ö÷
3
56. b b r r
2 r
5
è ø
1 = a 3= r Þ b= 3a
or b = q - a a
2
­
3 59. (c) Let O be the origin and ABCD be the
tan q - tan a h parallelogram.
Þ tan b = 4
In D ODC,
1 + tan q.tan a ¯
uuur uuur uuur
­
h h h OD = OC + CD
- uuur uuur
3 b 4 CD = -AB
or =40 160 a q ¯ uuur uuur uuur
5 h h
1+ . 40 m and, AB = OB - OA [In D AOB]
40 160 r r
= b-a
Vector Algebra 403

Thus, CD = - AB = a - b = 5 p.(u + v + w)
D
C Hence, l + m + n depends on the vectors.
® r r r r r r r r
c 63. (b) Let x = 3(a ´ b) and y = b - (a × b)a
r r r r
clearly x × y = 0 Þ x and y are perpendicular
O ®
®
b p r
a So, one angle is . Also | x |= 3 | bsin q | ,
A B 2
uuur r r r uuur ur r r
So, OD = c + a - b [since, OC = C and where q is angle between vectors a and b
uuur r r r
(| a |= 1)
CD = a - b ]
ur r r r r r r r r rr
(a) Let a = a ˆi + b ˆj + c kˆ {b - (a .b) a}
2
60. | y |= = b 2 - (a.b ) 2
ur r r r r
( )
Now, a. ˆi = a ˆi + bjˆ + ckˆ . ˆi = a
= b 2 - b 2 cos q =| b sin q |
a
y
ur r r r r
( )
a. ˆj = a iˆ + b ˆj + c kˆ . ˆj = b b
ur r r r r
( )
a. kˆ = a ˆi + b ˆj + ckˆ . kˆ = c r
x
r ur |x| p p
Now, a ˆi + bjˆ + ckˆ = a \ r = 3 = tan a Þ a = . So, b =
ur |y| 3 6
Thus, required expression = a . r
61. (b) As given : 64. (b) a = 2iˆ - mjˆ + 3mkˆ &
r r r
a = $i + 2j$ - 3k$ and b = 3i$ - $j + l k$ b = (1 + m ) iˆ - 2mjˆ + kˆ and if angle between
r r r r rr
a + b = $i + 2j$ - 3k$ + 3i$ - $j + l k$ a and b is an acute, then a.b > 0
= 4i$ + $j + (l - 3)k$ Þ 2 (1 + m) + 2m2 + 3m > 0 Þ 2m2 + 5m + 2 > 0
r r Þ 2m2 + 4m + m + 2 > 0 Þ (2m + 1) (m + 2) > 0
and a - b = $i + 2j$ - 3k$ - 3i$ + $j - l k$
1
Þ m < –2 or m > -
= -2i$ + 3j$ - (3 + l )k$ 2
r r r r 65. (b) Let the coordinates of B be (x, y).
(a + b) is perpendicular to (a - b) r
r r r r a = i – 3j
Þ (a + b).(a - b) = 0
uuur
P.V. of A is (–1, 5) so, OA = i + 5j ,
Þ {4i$ + $j + (l - 3)k}{
$ -2i$ + 3j$ - (3 - l )k}
$ =0
uuur
Þ – 8 + 3 + (3 – l ) = 0
2 2
OB = xi + yj
Þ 4 – l2 = 0 uuur uuur uuur r
Þ l = ±2 \ AB = OB – OA = a
) ) ) )
62. (d) Þ (x + 1)i + (y – 5) j = i – 3j
p = l( u ´ v ) + m( v ´ w ) + v( w ´ u )
Þ x + 1 = 1 and y – 5 = – 3
Þ p . w = l ( u ´ v ). w + m ( v ´ w ). w Þ x = 0 and y = 2
\ Coordinates of B are (0, 2).
+ v( w ´ u ) . w r r r
l uur uur 66. (b) Since r 1, r 2 and r 3 are the position vector
= l[ u v w ] + 0 + 0 = Þ l = 5( p . w ) r
5 of three collinear points. Thus r 3 is the position
Similarly, m = 5 ( p . u ) and v =5( p . v ) vector of the point which divides the joining of
r r
points whose position vectors are r1 and r 2 in
\ l + m + v =5( p . w ) + 5( p . u ) + 5( p . v )
the ratio m : n.
 EBD_7588
404 Mathematics Objective MCQs
r r
r mr1 + nr 2 angle between iˆ + ˆj and (3iˆ + ˆj )
So, 3r =
m+n 1+ 3
r r r = cos
-1
But as given, r 3 = mr1 + nr 2 10 2
uuur uuur
mr1 + nr2 -1 æ 4 ö -1 æ 2 ö
So, = mr1 + nr2 = cos ç ÷ = cos ç ÷
m+n è 2 10 ø è 5ø
Þ m+n =1
® Hence, required vector is iˆ + ˆj
67. (d) Let c is the unit vector perpendicular to
® ® 69. (a) | p + q |= ( p + q ) . ( p + q )
both the vectors a and b . uur uur uur uur
So, A unit vector which is perpendicular to = | p |2 + | q |2 +2 p . q = 2+2 cosa,

æ® ®ö where a is the angle between p and q

çç a × b ÷÷
® ® è ø 2æ a ö
both the vectors a and b is = 2(1 + cos a) = 4 cos ç ÷
® ® è2ø
a× b
æ a ö
| p + q | 2 < 1 Þ ç 4 cos 2 - 1÷ < 0
è 2 ø
68. (a) Let the required vector be iˆ + ˆj
æ a öæ a ö 1 a 1
Since the vector iˆ + ˆj is equally inclined to the ç 2 cos - 1÷ç 2 cos + 1÷ < 0, - < cos <
è 2 øè 2 ø 2 2 2
vectors iˆ + 3 ˆj and 3iˆ + ˆj therefore p a 2p 2p 4p
Þ < < Þ <a<
Angle b/w iˆ + ˆj and iˆ + 3 ˆj = q1 is equal to angle 3 2 3 3 3
r ˆ ˆ ˆ
between iˆ + ˆj and 3iˆ + ˆj = q2 70. (d) Given, r1 = l i + 2j + k
r
\ Angle between iˆ + ˆj and iˆ + 3 ˆj and r1 = ˆi + (2 - l)ˆj + 2kˆ
r r
é ù \ r1 > r2
-1 ê (1)(1) + (1)(3) ú
` = cos
ê (1)2 + (1)2 (1)2 + (3) 2 ú Þ l 2 + (2)2 + (1)2 > (1)2 + (2 - l )2 + (2)2
ë û
Þ l 2 + 4 + 1 > 1 + 4 + l 2 - 4l + 4
-1 é1+ 3 ù -1 é 4 ù
= cos ê ú = cos ê ú Þ 5>9–4l
ë 2 10 û ë 2 10 û Þ 4l > 4
-1 é 2 ù Þ l >1
= cos ê ú and
ë 5û
 Three Dimensional
27
Geometry
1. If a line in the space makes angle a, b and g with 8. What is the equation of the plane through z-axis
the coordinate axes, then cos 2a + cos2b + cos 2g
x -1 y + 2 z - 3
+ sin2a + sin2b + sin2g equals and parallel to the line = = ?
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 cos q sin q 0
2. A plane passes through a fixed point (a, b, c). (a) x cot q + y = 0 (b) x tan q – y = 0
The locus of the foot of the perpendicular to it (c) x + y cot q = 0 (d) x – y tan q = 0
from the origin is the sphere 9. Two system of rectangular axes have the same
2 2 2 orign. If a plane cuts them at distances a, b, c and
(a) x + y + z - ax - by - cz = 0
a', b', c' respectively from the origin, then
(b) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 - 2ax - 2by - 2cz = 0 1 1 1 æ 1 1 1 ö
+ 2 + 2 = k ç 2 + 2 + 2 ÷ , where k
2 2 2
(c) x + y + z - 4ax - 4by - 4cz = 0 a 2
b c è a' b' c' ø
(d) None of these is equal to
3. From a point P(l, l, l), perpendiculars PQ and PR (a) 1 (b) 2
are drawn, respectively, on the lines y = x, z = 1 (c) 4 (d) None of these
and y = – x, z = – 1. If ÐQPR is a right angle, then 10. L1 and L2 are two lines whose vector equations
r
the possible value(s) of l is/are are L1 : r = l((cos q + 3 ) $i + ( 2 sin q) $j +
r
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) – 2 ( )
(cos q – 3 ) k$ ) L2: r = m ai$ + b $j + ck$ , where
4. The d.r. of normal to the plane through (1, 0, 0), l and m are scalars and a is the acute angle
(0, 1, 0) which makes an angle p /4 with plane between L1 and L2. If the angle 'a' is independent
x + y = 3 are of q then the value of 'a' is
(a) 1, 2 ,1 (b) 1, 1, 2 p p p p
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) 1, 1, 2 (d) 2 , 1, 1 6 4 3 2
5. What is the distance between the planes 11. The locus of a point, such that the sum of the
x – 2y + z – 1 = 0 and –3x + 6y – 3z + 2 = 0? squares of its distances from the planes x + y + z = 0,
(a) 3 unit (b) 1 unit x – z =0 and x – 2y + z = 0 is 9, is
(c) 0 (d) None of the above (a) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3 (b) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 6
6. A line makes 45° with positive x-axis and makes
equal angles with positive y, z axes, respectively. (c) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 (d) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 12
What is the sum of the three angles which the 12. The line which passes through the origin and
line makes with positive x, y and z axes ? intersect the two lines
(a) 180° (b) 165° x - 1 y + 3 z - 5 x - 4 y + 3 z - 14
(c) 150° (d) 135° = = , = = , is
2 4 3 2 3 4
7. Under what condition does the equation x y z x y z
x2 + y2 + z2 + 2ux + 2uy + 2wz + d = 0 represent a (a) = = (b) = =
1 -3 5 -1 3 5
real sphere?
(a) u2 + v2 + w2 = d2 (b) u2 + v2 + w2 > d x y z x y z
(c) = = (d) = =
(c) u2 + v2 + w2 < d (d) u2 + v2 + w2 < d2 1 3 -5 1 4 -5
 EBD_7588
406 Mathematics Objective MCQs
13. Let L be the line of intersection of the planes 2x + 21. Under what condition are the two lines
3y + z = 1 and x + 3y + 2z = 2. If L makes an angle m n
y = x + a, z = x + b; and
a with the positive x-axis, then cos a equals l l
1 1 1 m' n'
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) y= x + a ',z = x + b ' orthogonal ?
2 3 2 l' l'
14. Two spheres of radii 3 and 4 cut orthogonally (a) aa '+ bb '+ 1 = 0
The radius of common circle is (b) (a + a ') + (b + b ') = 0

(a) 12 (b)
12
(c)
12
(d)
(c)ll '+ mm'+ nn ' = 1
5 5 12
(d) ll '+ mm '+ nn ' = 0
15. The line passing through the points (5, 1, a) and 22. What are the direction cosines of a line which is
(3, b, 1) crosses the yz-plane at the point equally inclined to the positive directions of the
æ 17 –13ö axes ?
çè 0, , ÷ . Then
2 2 ø 1
,
1
,
1
(a)
(a) a = 2, b = 8 (b) a = 4, b = 6 3 3 3
(c) a = 6, b = 4 (d) a = 8, b = 2 1 1 1
16. The equation of the plane which makes with (b) - , ,
3 3 3
co-ordinate axes, a triangle with its centroid
(a, b, g) is 1 1 1
(c) - ,- ,
(a) ax + b y + gz = 3 (b) ax + b y + gz = 1 3 3 3
x y z x y z 1 1 1
(c) + + =3 (d) + + =1 , ,
a b g a b g (d)
3 3 3
17. The direction ratios of the normal to the plane
23. What ar e the direction ratios of the line
passing through the points (1, –2, 3), (–1, 2, –1)
x - 2 y +1 z determined by the planes x – y + 2z = 1 and
and parallel to = = is x + y – z = 3?
2 3 4
(a) (2, 3, 4) (b) (14, 0, 7) (a) (–1, 3, 2) (b) (–1, –3, 2)
(c) (–2, 0, –1) (d) (2, 0, –1) (c) (2, 1, 3) d) (2, 3, 2)
r
18. The plane x + 3y + 13 = 0 passes through the line 24. If r = ($i + 2 $j + 3k$ ) + l($i - $j + k$ ) and
of intersection of the planes 2x – 8y + 4z = p and r $ $ $
3x – 5y + 4z + 10 = 0. If the plane is perpendicular r = (i + 2 j + 3k ) + m ($i + $j – k$ ) are two lines, then
to the plane 3x – y – 2z – 4 = 0, then the value the equation of acute angle bisector of two lines is
r
of p is equal to (a) r = ($i + 2 $j + 3k$ ) + t ( $j – k$ )
r
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 3 (b) r = ($i + 2 $j + 3k$ ) + t (2$i )
r
(c) r = ($i + 2 $j + 3k$ ) + t ( $j + k$ )
19. What is the angle between the planes
2x – y + z = 6 and x + y + 2z = 3?
(d) None of these
(a) p/2 (b) p/3 (c) p/4 (d) p/6
25. A variable plane which remains at a constant
20. If the sum of the squares of the distance of the distance 3p from the origin cut the coordinate
point ( x, y, z) from the points ( a, 0, 0) and ( –a , 0, 0) axes at A, B and C. The locus of the centroid of
is 2c2, then which one of the following is correct? triangle ABC is
(a) x2 + a2 = 2c2 – y2 – z2 (a) x–1 + y–1 + z–1 = p–1
(b) x2 + a2 = c2 – y2 – z2 (b) x–2 + y–2 + z–2 = p–2
(c) x2 – a2 = c2 – y2 – z2 (c) x + y + z = p
(d) x2 + a2 = c2 + y2 + z2 (d) x2 + y2 + z2 = p2
Three Dimensional Geometry 407
26. The direction cosines l, m, n of two lines are 32. If OABC is a tetrahedron where O is the origin
connected by the relations l + m + n = 0, lm = 0, and A, B, C are three other vertices with position
r r r
then the angle between them is : vectors a , b and c respectively, then the centre
(a) p / 3 (b) p / 4 (c) p / 2 (d) 0 of sphere circumscribing the tetrahedron is given
27. If the plane 2ax – 3ay + 4az + 6 = 0 passes through by the position vector
the midpoint of the line joining the centres of the
spheres x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 6 x - 8 y - 2 z = 13 and r r r r r r
2 2 2 a 2 (b ´ c ) + b2 (c ´ a ) + c 2 (a ´ b)
x + y + z - 10 x + 4 y - 2 z = 8 then a equals (a) r rr
2[a b c ]
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) – 2 (d) 2 r r r r r r
28. The equation of the line which passes through b2 (b ´ c ) + a 2 (c ´ a ) + c 2 (a ´ b)
(b) r rr
[ a b c]
the point (1, 1, 1) and intersect the lines
r r r r r r
b2 (b ´ c ) + a 2 (c ´ a ) + c 2 (a ´ b)
x –1 y – 2 z –3 x+ 2 y –3 z + 1 (c) r rr
= = and = = is 2[a b c]
2 3 4 1 2 4
r r r r r r
x –1 y –1 z –1 a 2 (a ´ b) + b2 (b ´ c ) + c 2 (c ´ a)
(a) = = (d) r rr
3 10 17 2[a b c]
x –1 y –1 z –1 33. The distance of point A (– 2, 3, 1) from the line PQ
(b) = = through P (– 3, 5, 2), which makes equal angles
2 3 –5 with the axes is
x –1 z –1 (a) 2 / 3 (b) 14 / 3
y –1
(c) –2 = = –4 (c) 16 / 3 (d) 5 / 3
1
34. The shortest distance between the skew lines
r r r r r r
x –1 y –1 z –1 l1: r = a1 + λb1 l2 : r = a 2 + μb2 is
(d) = –2 =
8 3 r r r r
| (a2 – a1 ) . b1 ´ b2 |
29. The distance of the point (1, –2, 3) from the plane (a) r r
| b1 ´ b2 |
x - y + z = 5 measured parallel to the line r r r r
| (a2 – a1 ) . a2 ´ b2 |
x y z -1 (b) r r
= = is | b1 ´ b2 |
2 3 -6
r r r r
| (a2 – b2 ) . a1 ´ b1 |
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 2 3 (c) r r
| b1 ´ b2 |
x -1 y + 1 z - 3
30. Given the line L :
3
=
2
=
-1
and the r r r r
| (a1 – b2 ) . b1 ´ a2 |
(d) r r
plane p : x - 2y = z . Of the following assertions, | b1 ´ a2 |
the only one that is always true is 35. If the centre of the sphere ax2 + by2 + cz2 – 2x
(a) L is ^ to p (b) L lies in p + 4y + 2z – 3 = 0 is (1/2, – 1, – 1/2), what is the
(c) L is paralel to p (d) None of these value of b ?
31. A line makes the same angle a with each of the x (a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) – 2
and y axes. If the angle q, which it makes with the 36. The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the
z-axis, is such that sin2q = 2 sin2a , then what is origin to a plane is the point (1, –3, 1). What is
the value of a ? the intercept cut on the x-axis by the plane?
(a) p/4 (b) p/6 (c) p/3 (d) p/2 (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 11 (d) 11
 EBD_7588
408 Mathematics Objective MCQs

x - x 0 y - y0 z - z 0 x - 2 y + 1 z -1
37. If the straight line = = is 43. The line, = = intersects the
l m n 3 2 -1
parallel to the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 then curve xy = c2, z = 0 if c is equal to
which one of the following is correct?
1
(a) l + m + n = 0 (b) a + b + c = 0 (a) ±1 (b) ± (c) ± 5 (d) None
3
a b c
(c) + + =0 (d) al + bm + cn = 0 44. The equation of the plane which passes through
l m n r uur r uur
38. What is the angle between two planes 2x – y + z = 4 the line of intersection of planes r × n1 = q1, r × n2
and x + y + 2z = 6? = q2 and is parallel to the line of intersection of
r uur r uur
p p p p planes r × n3 = q3 and r × n4 = q4 is
(a) (b) (c) (d) uur uur uur r uur
2 3 4 6 uur uur uur r uur
(a) [n2 n3 n4 ] (r × n1 - q1) = [ n1 n3 n4 ](r × n2 - q2 )
39. The angle between the pair of planes represented uur uur uur r uur uur uur uur r uur
by equation 2x2 – 2y2 + 4z2 + 6xz + 2yz + 3xy = 0 is (b) [n1 n2 n3 ](r × n4 q 4 ) = [n4 n3 n1 ](r × n2 – q 2 )
æ 1ö æ 4ö uur uur uur r uur uur uur uur r uur
(a) cos– 1 ç ÷ (b) cos– 1 ç ÷ (c) [n4 n3 n1 ](r × n4 – q4 ) = [n1 n2 n3 ](r × n2 – q2 )
è 3ø è 21ø
(d) None of these
æ 4ö æ 7 ö
(c) cos– 1 ç ÷ (d) cos– 1 ç
è 9ø è 84 ÷ø x –1 y –1 z –1
r 45. Value of l such that the line = =
r 2 3 l
40. Let A( a ) and B( b ) be points on two skew line
r r r r r r is perpendicular to normal to the plane
r = a + l and r = b + u q and the shortest r r r r
ur r × (2i + 3 j + 4k ) = 0 is
distance between the skew line is 1, where p
r
and q are unit vectors forming adjacent sides of 13 17
(a) – (b) –
1 4 4
a parallelogram enclosing an area of units. If (c) 4 (d) None of these
2
an angle between AB and the line of shortest 46. The direction cosines of two lines are related by
distance is 60°, then AB = l + m + n = 0 and al2 + bm2 + cn2 = 0. The lines are
parallel if
1 (a) a + b + c = 0 (b) a– 1 + b– 1 + c– 1 = 0
(a) (b) 2 (c) a = b = c (d) None of these
2
r
(c) 1 (d) l Î R – {0} 47. The distance between the line r × 2$i – 2 $j + 3k$
41. A line makes angles q, f and y with x, y, z axes r
respectively. Consider the following : + l ($i – $j + 4k$ ) and the plane r × ($i – 5 $j + k$ ) = 5 is
1. sin2 q + sin2 f = cos2 y 10 10 10 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2. cos2 q + cos2 f = sin2 y 3 3 9 3 10
48. The angle between the straight lines
3. sin2 q + cos2 f = cos2 y r r r
r
Which of the above is/are correct? r = (2 - 3t)i + (1 + 2t) j + (2 + 6t)k and
(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 r r r r
42. The shortest distance from the plane r = (1 + 4s)i + (2 - s) j + (8s - 1)k is
12x + 4 y + 3z = 327 to the sphere æ 41 ö æ 21ö
(a) cos - 1 ç ÷ (b) cos - 1 ç ÷
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 4 x - 2 y - 6 z = 155 is è 34 ø è 34 ø
4 æ 43 ö æ 34 ö
(a) 39 (b) 26 (c) 11
13
(d) 13
(c) cos - 1 ç ÷ (d) cos - 1 ç ÷
è 63 ø è 63 ø
Three Dimensional Geometry 409

x-2 y-2 55. The foot of the perpendicular from the point
49. The angle between the line =
a b x y -1 z - 2
(1, 6, 3) to the line = = is
z-2 1 2 3
= and the plane ax + by + cz + 6 = 0 is
c (a) (1, 3, 5) (b) (–1, –1, –1)
æ 1 ö (c) (2, 5, 8) (d) (–2, –3, –4)
(a) sin -1 çç ÷
2 ÷
è a +b +c ø
2 2
56. If Q is the image of the point P(2, 3, 4) under the
(b) 45° reflection in the plane x – 2y + 5z = 6, then the
(c) 60° equation of the line PQ is
(d) 90°
x-2 y-3 z-4
50. Which one of the following is the plane (a) = =
-1 2 5
x–2 y–3 z–4 x-2 y-3 z-4
containing the line = = and (b) = =
2 3 5 1 -2 5
parallel to z-axis? x-2 y-3 z-4
(c) = =
(a) 2x – 3y = 0 (b) 5x – 2z = 0 -1 -2 5
(c) 5y – 3z = 0 (d) 3x – 2y = 0 x-2 y-3 z-4
(d) = =
51. If q is the acute angle between the diagonals of 1 2 5
a cube, then which one of the following is correct? 57. Under which one of the following conditions will
the two planes x + y + z = 7 and ax + by + g z =3,
be parallel (but not coincident) ?
(a) q < 30° (b) q = 60° 3
(a) a = b = g =1 only (b) a = b = g = only
(c) 30° < q < 60° (d) q > 60° 7
52. What is the acute angle between the planes (c) a = b = g (d) None of the above
x + y + 2z = 3 and – 2x + y – z = 11? 58. Consider the following relations among the
(a) p / 5 (b) p / 4 angles a, b and g made by a vector with the
(c) p / 6 (d) p / 3 coordinate axes
53. A line makes angles q, f and y with x, y, z axes I. cos2a + cos2b + cos2g = – 1
respectively. Consider the following II. sin 2a + sin 2b + sin 2g = 1
1. sin2 q + sin2 f = cos2 y Which of the above is/are correct?
(a) Only I (b) Only II
2. cos2 q + cos2 f = sin2 y (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
3. sin2 q + cos2 f = cos2 y r
59. The vector a = a iˆ + 2 ˆj + bkˆ lies in the plane of
Which of the above is/are correct? r r
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only the vectors b = iˆ + ˆj and c = ˆj + kˆ and bisects
r
(c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 the angle between b and cr . Then which one of
1 1 the following gives possible values of a and b?
54. Under what condition do , ,k (a) a = 2, b = 2 (b) a = 1, b = 2
2 2
(c) a = 2, b = 1 (d) a = 1, b = 1
represent direction cosines of a line?
æ1 1 1ö
1 1 60. If the direction cosines of a line are ç , , ÷ then
(a) k= (b) k=– èc c cø
2 2 (a) 0 < c < 1 (b) c > 2
1
(c) k=± (d) k can take any value (c) c > 0 (d) c = ± 3
2
 EBD_7588
410 Mathematics Objective MCQs
ur the plane are 1, –1, 1, then direction cosines of
61. Distance of the point P ( p ) from the line
r r r the reflected rays are
r = a + lb is
ur r r r
r ur (( p – a ) × b) b 1 2 2 1 2 2
(a) (a – p) + r (a) , , (b) - , ,
| b |2 3 3 3 3 3 3
ur r r r
r ur (( p – a) × b) b 1 2 2 1 2 2
r - , ,- - ,– ,
(b) (b – p) + (c)
3 3 3
(d)
3 3 3
| b |2
ur r r r y z
r ur (( p – b) × b) b 67. If lines x = y = z and x = = and third line
(c) (a – p) + r 2 3
| b |2 passing through (1, 1, 1) form a triangle of area
(d) None of these 6 units, then the point of intersection of third
62. The vector equation of the line of intersection of line with the second line will be
r r r r r r (a) (1, 2, 3) (b) (2, 4, 6)
the planes r = b + l1 (b – a ) + m1 (a – c) and
r r r r r r r r r æ 4 8 12 ö
r = c + l2 (b – c) + m2 (a + b) a , b , c being (c) çè , , ÷ø (d) None of these
3 3 3
non-coplanar vectors, is 68. If l1 , m1 , n1 and l 2 , m 2 , n 2 are direction
r r r r
(a) r = b + m1 (a + c) consines of the two lines inclined to each other
r r r r at an angle q, the direction cosines of the bisector
(b) r = b + l1 (a – c) of the angle between these lines are
r r r r
(c) r = 2 b + l2 (a – c) l1 – l 2 m1 – m 2 n1 – n 2
(a) , ,
(d) None of these q q q
2 sin 2 sin 2 sin
63. A plane passing through (1, 1, 1) cuts positive 2 2 2
direction of coordinate axes at A, B and C, then
l1 , l2 m1 , m2 n1 , n 2
the volume of tetrahedron OABC satisfies (b) , ,
q q q
2cos 2cos 2cos
2 2 2
9 9
(a) V £ (b) V ³ l1 - l 2 m1 - m 2 n1 - n 2
2 2 (c) , ,
9 q q q
2 sin 2 sin 2 sin
(c) V = (d) None of these 2 2 2
2
64. What is the value of n so that the angle between
(d) l1 - l 2 m1 - m 2 n1 - n 2
the lines having direction ratios (1, 1, 1) and , ,
q q q
(1, –1, n) is 60°? 2 cos 2 cos 2 cos
2 2 2
(a) 3 (b) 6 69. The equation of the plane containing the line
(c) 3 (d) None of these 2x – 5y + z = 3; x + y + 4z = 5, and parallel to the
65. The locus of a point, such that the sum of the plane, x + 3y + 6z = 1, is :
squares of its distances from the planes (a) x + 3y + 6z = 7 (b) 2x + 6y + 12z = – 13
x + y + z = 0, x – z =0 and x – 2y + z = 0 is 9, is (c) 2x + 6y + 12z = 13 (d) x + 3y + 6z = –7
(a) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3 (b) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 6 70. A variable plane at a distance of 1 unit from the
origin cuts the coordinate axes at A, B and C. If
(c) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 (d) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 12 the centroid D(x, y, z) of triangle ABC satisfies
1 1 1
66. A mirror and a source of light are situated at the the relation 2 + 2 + 2 = k, then the value
origin O and at a point on OX respectively. A ray x y z
of k is
of light from the source strikes the mirror and is
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 1/3 (d) 9
reflected. If the direction ratios of the normal to
Three Dimensional Geometry 411
71. A variable plane passes through a fixed point 76. The perpendicular distance of P(1, 2, 3) from the
(1, 2, 3). The locus of the foot of the perpendicular x -6 y-7 z-7
line = = is
from the origin to this plane is given by 3 2 -2
(a) x2 + y2 + z2 – 14 = 0 (a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 0 (d) 6
(b) x2 + y2 + z2 + x + 2y + 3z = 0 77. Equation of the plane through the mid–point of
(c) x2 + y2 + z2 – x – 2y – 3z = 0 the line segment joining the points P(4,5,–10)
(d) None of these and Q(–l,2,l) and perpendicular to PQ is
72. The plane 2x – 3y + 6z – 11 = 0 makes an angle r æ3 7 9 ö
(a) r . ç iˆ + ˆj - kˆ ÷ = 45
sin–1(a) with the x-axis. Then the value of a is – è2 2 2 ø
r ˆ
(a)
3
(b)
2
(c)
3
(d)
2 ( ˆ
(b) r . -i + 2 ˆj - k = ) 135
2
r ˆ
73.
2 3 7 7
If O, P are the points (0, 0, 0), (2, 3, –1) respectively,
( ˆ
(c) r . 5i + 3 j - 11k +ˆ )135
2
=0
r
then what is the equation to the plane through P (
(d) r . 5iˆ + 3 ˆj - 11kˆ = )135
2
at right angles to OP ?
78. The equation of the plane through (1, 1, 1) and
(a) 2x + 3y + z = 16 (b) 2x + 3y – z = 14 passing through the line of intersection of the
(c) 2x + 3y + z = 14 (d) 2x + 3y – z = 0 planes x + 2y – z + 1 = 0 and 3x – y – 4z + 3 = 0 is
74. Which one of the following planes is normal to (a) 8x + 5y – 11z + 8 = 0
theplane 3x + y + z = 5? (b) 8x + 5y + 11z + 8 = 0
(c) 8x – 5y – 11z + 8 = 0
(a) x + 2y + z = 6 (b) x – 2y + z = 6 (d) None of these
(c) x + 2y – z = 6 (d) x – 2y – z = 6 79. Chord AB is a diameter of the sphere
r r r r
75. What is the angle between the lines | r – 2i – j + 6k | = 18 . If the coordinates of A
are (3, 2, – 2), then the coordinates of B are
x - 2 y +1 x - 1 2y + 3 z + 5 (a) (1, 0, 10) (b) (1, 0, – 10)
= and = = ?
1 -2 1 3 2 (c) (– 1, 0, 10) (d) None of these
80. The equation of a sphere is x2 + y2 + z2 –10z = 0.
p p
(a) (b) If one end point of a diameter of the sphere is
2 3 (– 3, – 4, 5), what is the other end point ?
p (a) (– 3, – 4, – 5) (b) ( 3, 4, 5)
(c) (d) None of the above (c) (3, 4, – 5) (d) (– 3, 4, – 5)
6

Answer KEYs
1 (c) 9 (a) 17 (d) 25 (b) 33 (b) 41 (b) 49 (d) 57 (c) 65 (c) 73 (b)
2 (a) 10 (a) 18 (d) 26 (a) 34 (a) 42 (d) 50 (d) 58 (a) 66 (d) 74 (d)
3 (c) 11 (c) 19 (b) 27 (c) 35 (c) 43 (c) 51 (d) 59 (d) 67 (b) 75 (a)
4 (b) 12 (a) 20 (b) 28 (a) 36 (d) 44 (a) 52 (d) 60 (d) 68 (c) 76 (a)
5 (d) 13 (c) 21 (d) 29 (a) 37 (d) 45 (a) 53 (b) 61 (c) 69 (a) 77 (d)
6 (b) 14 (b) 22 (a) 30 (b) 38 (b) 46 (b) 54 (c) 62 (a) 70 (d) 78 (c)
7 (b) 15 (c) 23 (a) 31 (a) 39 (c) 47 (a) 55 (a) 63 (b) 71 (c) 79 (b)
8 (b) 16 (c) 24 (a) 32 (a) 40 (b) 48 (d) 56 (b) 64 (b) 72 (d) 80 (b)
 EBD_7588
412 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1. (c) cos 2a + cos2b + cos 2g + sin2a 4. (b) Equation of plane through (1, 0, 0) is
+ sin2b + sin 2g a (x – 1) + by + cz = 0 ...(i)
(i) passes through (0, 1, 0). –a + b = 0
= cos2a + cos2b + cos2g = 1
Þ b = a; Also,
2. (a) Let A (a, b, c) be the fixed point on the
variable plane a+a
cos 45°= Þ 2a = 2a2 + c2
2(2a 2 + c 2 )
O(0, 0, 0)
Þ 2a2 = c2 Þ c = 2a .
So d.r of normal are a, a 2a i.e. 1, 1, 2.
90° 5. (d) Given planes are
A(a, b, c)
M x – 2y + z = 1 .... (i)
(x, y, z) and –3x + 6y – 3z = –2

2
Now D. R ‘s of OM are x - 0, y - 0, z - 0 i.e x, y, z º x – 2y + z = .... (ii)
3
D.R.’s of MA are x – a, y – b, z – c.
Since both planes are parallel and a = 1, b = –2, c = 1
Since OM perpendicular MA
x ( x - a ) + y( y - b) + z (z - c) = 0 -2
and d1 = –1, d 2 =
3
Þ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 - ax - by - cx = 0
d 2 - d1
x y z –1 \ Distance =
3. (c) Line 1 : = = = r, Q(r, r, 1) a + b2 + c2
2
1 1 0

x y z +1 2
Line 2 : = = = k, R(k, – k, – 1) 1-
1 –1 0 3 = 1
Distance =
uuur 1+ 4 +1 3 6
PQ = (l – r) $i + (l – r) $j + (l – 1) k$
uuur
PQ is perpendicular to Line 1. 6. (b) We know that sum of square of direction
Þ l–r+l–r=0 Þ l=r cosines = 1
uuur i.e. cos2a + cos2b + cos2g = 1
PR = (l – k) $i + (l + k) $j + (l + 1) k$ Þ cos2 45° + cos2b + cos2b = 1
uuur (As given a = 45° and b = g)
PR is perpendicular to Line 2.
1
Þ l–k–l–k=0 Þ k=0 Þ + 2cos2 b = 1
uuur uuur 2
Now, PQ ^ PR 1
Þ cos2 b =
Þ (l – r) (l – k) + (l – r)(l + k) + (l – 1)(l + 1) 4
=0 1
Þ l= ±1 Þ cos b = ± , Negative value is discarded,
2
For l = 1, points P and Q coincide. \ l = – 1 Since the line makes angle with positive axes.
Three Dimensional Geometry 413

1 10. (a) Both the lines pass through origin. Line L1

Hence, cos b = is parallel to the vector
2
uur
Þ cos b = cos 60° V = (cos q + 3 ) $i + ( 2 sin q) $j + (cos q – 3 ) k$
1
Þ b = 60°
and L2 is parallel to the vector
\ Required sum = a + b + g = 45° + 60 ° + 60° uur uur
= 165° uur $ V1 ×V2
7. (b) Equation V2 = a $i + b j + c k$ \ cos a = uur uur
| V1 || V2 |
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d = 0
a(cos q + 3) + (b 2)sin q + c(cos q – 3)
represent a real sphere if u2 + v2 + w2 > d =
8. (b) Let equation of plane through z-axis is a + b2 + c 2 (cos q + 3) 2 + 2sin 2 q + (cos q – 3)2
2

ax + by = 0
(a + c ) cos q + b 3) + sin q + ( a - c – 3)
It is given that this plane is parallel to the line =
a 2 + b2 + c2 2+6
x -1 y + 2 z - 3
= = In order that cos a is independent of q, we get
cos q sin q 0
a + c = 0 and b = 0
Since the plane parallel to the line
2a 3 3 p
\ a cos q + b sin q = 0 \ cos a = = Þa=
a 22 2 2 6
Þ a cos q = -b sin q Þ a = -b tan q
11. (c) Let the variable point be (a, b, g ) then ac-
\ - b tan qx + by = 0 cording to question
Þ x tan q - y = 0 (Q b ¹ 0 )
2 2 2
which is required equation of plane. æ | a + b + g | ö æ | a - g | ö æ | a - 2b + g | ö
çç ÷÷ + çç ÷÷ + ç ÷÷ = 9
9. (a) Let a, b, c be the intercepts when Ox, Oy, Oz è 3 ø è 2 ø çè 6 ø
are taken as axes, then the equation of the plane is
Þ a2 + b2 + g 2 = 9 .
x y z
+ + =1
a b c So, the locus of the point is x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9
let a, b, c be the intercepts when (OX, OY, OZ) are
x y z
taken as axes; then in this case equation of the 12. (a) Let the line be = = … (i)
same plane is a b c
X X X x -1
+ + =1 ... (i) If line (i) intersects with the line
a b c 2
Now, eqs. (i) and (ii) are equations of the same
y+3 z-5
plane and in both the cases the origin is same. = = , then
Hence, length of the perpendicular drawn from 4 3
the origin to the plane in both the case must be
the same a b c
2 4 3 =0 Þ 9a – 7b – 10c = 0 …(ii)
1 1
\ = 4 -3 14
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
+ 2+ 2 + 2+ 2
2
a b c a' b' c' a b c
From (i) and (ii) , we have = =
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -3 5
Þ + + = + +
a2
b 2 c 2 2
a' b' 2 c '2 x y z
\ The line is = =
\ k=1 1 -3 5
 EBD_7588
414 Mathematics Objective MCQs
13. (c) Let the direction cosines of line L be l, m, n, \ Any point on this line is a
then [–2l + 5, (b – 1) l + 1, (1– a) l + a]
2l + 3m + n = 0 … (i) It crosses yz plane where –2l + 5 = 0
and l + 3m + 2n = 0 … (ii)
5
on solving equations (i) and (ii), we get l=
2
l m n l m n
= = Þ = =
6 - 3 1- 4 6 - 3 3 -3 3 æ 5 5 ö æ 17 –13ö
\ ç0,(b –1) +1, (1– a) + a÷ = ç0, , ÷
è 2 2 ø è 2 2ø
l m n l 2 + m 2 + n2
Now = = = 5 17 5 13
3 -3 3 32 + ( -3) 2 + 32 Þ (b – 1) + 1 = and (1 – a ) + a = -
2 2 2 2
Þ b = 4 and a = 6
l m n 1
Q l2 + m2 + n2 = 1 \ = = = 16. (c) Let us take a triangle ABC and their vertices
3 -3 3 27 A (a, 0, 0), B (0, b, 0) and C (0, 0, c)
Therefore the equation of plane is
3 1 1 1
Þ l= = ,m=- ,n = x y z
27 3 3 3 + + =1 .... (i)
a b c
Now, given centroid of DABC is (a, b, g)
Line L, makes an angle a with +ve x-axis As we know, centroid of DABC with vertices
(x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2) and (x3, y3, z3) is given by
1
\ l = cos a Þ cos a = æ x1 + x 2 + x 3 y1 + y2 + y3 z1 + z 2 + z 3 ö
3 çè , , ,÷
3 3 3 ø
14. (b) For the orthogonal section C1P and C2P
are pendicular where C1 and C2 are centres of \ By using this formula, we have
sphere of radii 4 and 3 respectively a +0+0 0+b+0
= a Þ a = 3a, ; =b
C1 3 3
Þ b= 3b
q 4
0+0+c g
and = Þ c= 3g
3
O Now, put the values of a, b, c in equation (i),
P which gives
3 x y z x y z
+ + =1 \ + + =3
C2 3a 3b 3g a b g
17. (d) Any plane through (1, –2, 3) is
3
Now C1 P = 4 and C2P = 3, so tan q = A( x - 1) + B( y + 2) + C(z - 3) = 0 ...(1)
4
The point (–1, 2, –1) lies in this plane if
\ Radius of circle of intersection -2A + 4B - 4C = 0
3 12 i.e. if A - 2B + 2C = 0 ...(2)
OP = C1P sin q = 4 ´ =
5 5 The plane (1) is parallel to the given line with d.r.,
2, 3, 4
15. (c) Equation of line through (5, 1, a) and
if 2A + 3B + 4C = 0 ...(3)
x – 5 y –1 z – a
(3, b, 1) is = = =l A B C
–2 b –1 1 – a From (2) and (3), we have = =
-8- 6 4 - 4 3+ 4
Three Dimensional Geometry 415

A B C 22. (a) Let l, m, n are the dc’s of a line that is inclined

Þ = = Þ A : B : C = 2 : 0 : -1 equally at a to the +ve direction of axes.
- 14 0 7
Now, l = cos a, m = cos a, n = cos a.
18. (d) The required plane is
Also, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
(2 + 3l) x + (–8 – 5l) y + (4 + 4l) z + P – 10l = 0
3 cos2 a = 1
Compare the coefficients with the plan
We get, 4 + 4 l = 0 Þ l = – 1 1
x + 3y + 0z + 13 = 0 cos a =
3
Then we get p = 3.
19. (b) We know, if a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = d1 and 1 1 1
a2 x + b2 y + c2 z = d2 \ dc’s of the line are : , ,
are two planes then angle between them is 3 3 3
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 23. (a) The intersection of given plane is
cos q =
x – y +2z – 1 + l (x + y – z – 3) = 0
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
Þ x (1 + l) + y (l – 1) + z (2 – l) – 3l – 1 = 0
Let q be the angle between given planes DR’s of normal to the above plane is
Here, a1 = 2, b1 = – 1, c1 = 1; a2 = 1, b2 = 1, c2 = 2
(1 + l, l – 1, 2– l)
2 ´ 1 + 1 ´ ( -1) + 1 ´ 2 3 1 p By taking option (a)
\ cos q = = = = cos
4 +1+1 1+1+ 4 6 2 3 – 1 (1 + l) + 3(l – 1) + 2 (2 – l) = 0
Þ – 1– l + 3l – 3 + 4 – 2l = 0
p
Þq = Þ 0 = 0 which is true.
3 r
20. (b) Let the point be P(x, y, z) and two points, 24. (a) Lines are r = ($i + 2 $j + 3k$ ) + l($i - $j + k$ )
r
and r = ($i + 2 $j + 3k$ ) + m ($i + $j – k$ )
(a, 0, 0) and (– a, 0, 0) be a A and B
As given in the problem,
PA2 + PB2 = 2c2 along vectors ($i – $j + k$ ) and ($i + $j – k$ )
so, (x + a)2 + (y – 0)2 + (z – 0)2 respectively. Angle between two lines
+ (x – a)2 + (y – 0)2 + (z – 0)2 = 2c2
or, (x + a)2 + y2 + z2 + (x – a)2 + y2 + z2 = 2c2 –1æ (1) ´ (1) + (–1)(1) + (1)(–1) ö
x2 + 2a + a2 + y2 + z2 + x2 – 2a + a2 + y2 + z2 = 2c2 = cos ç ÷
è 3 3 ø
Þ 2(x2 + y2 + z2 + a2) = 2c2
Þ x2 + y2 + z2 + a2 = c2 –1æ 1 ö
Þ x2 + a2 = c2 – y2 – z2 = cos ç – ÷
è 3ø
21. (d) Given two lines are :
Which is an obtuse angle.
mx n \ Vector along acute angle bisector
y= + a , z = x + b and
l l
é $i – $j + k$ $i + $j – k$ ù 2l $ $
m' n' = lê – ú = (– j + k )
y= x + a ', z = x + b ' êë 3 3 úû 3
l' l'
These two lines can be represented as : \ Equation of acute angle bisector
y –a x – 0 z – b
= = = ($i + 2 $j + 3k$ ) + t ( $j – k$ )
m/l 1 n/l 25. (b) Let equation of the variable plane be
y – a ' x – 0 z –b' x y z
and = = + + =1
m '/ c ' l n '/ l ' a b c
They are orthogonal, if This meets the coordinate axes at A(a, 0, 0),
m m' n n' B (0, b, 0) and C(0, 0, c).
´ +1´1+ = -1 Þ ll ' + mm' + nn' = 0
l l' l l'
 EBD_7588
416 Mathematics Objective MCQs

Let P(a, b, g) be the centroid of the DABC .Then Mid point of centres is (1, 1, 1).
Satisfying this in the equation of plane, we get
a +0+0 0+b+0 0+0+c
a= ,b = ,g = 2a - 3a + 4a + 6 = 0 Þ a = -2.
3 3 3
28. (a) Any line passing through the point (1, 1, 1) is
\ a = 3a, b = 3b , c = 3g ...(2)
Plane (1) is at constant distance 3p from the x –1 y –1 z –1
= = ...(i)
origin, so a b c

0 0 0 x –1 y–2
+ + –1 This line intersects the line =
a b c 2 3
3p =
2 2 2
æ1ö æ 1 ö æ1ö z –3
ç ÷ +ç ÷ +ç ÷ = .
èaø èbø ècø 4

1 1 1 1 1–1 2 –1 3 –1
Þ + + = ...(3) If a : b : c ¹ 2 : 3 : 4 and a b c =0
2 2 2 2
a b c 9p 2 3 4
From (2) and (3), we get
Þ a – 2b + c = 0 ...(ii)
1 1 1 1
+ + = x – (– 2) y – 3
9a 2 9b 2 9g 2 9p 2 Again, line (i) intersects line =
1 2
Þ a -2 + b -2 + g -2 = p -2 z – (–1)
= .
Generalizing a, b, g, locus of centroid P (a, b, g) is 4
x–2 + y–2 + z–2 = p–2
– 2 –1 3 –1 –1–1
26. (a) Given d’c’s of two lines are l, m, n connected If a : b : c ¹ 2 : 3 : 4 and a b c =0
by the relations l + m + n = 0 and lm = 0 1 2 4
Now, l + m + n = 0 Þ l = – m – n Þ 6a + 5b – 4c = 0 ...(iii)
Þ l = – (m + n) From (ii) and (iii) by cross multiplication, we have
and lm = 0 Þ – (m + n) m = 0 Þ – mm – mn = 0 a b c a b c
mm = –mn; Therefore m and m + n = 0 = = or = =
8–5 6+ 4 5 + 12 3 10 17
l1 m1 n1
Then = = and if l + m + n = 0 then
-1 0 1 x –1 y –1 z –1
So, the required line is = = .
l 2 m2 n 2 3 10 17
= =
0 -1 1 29. (a) Equation of the line through (1, –2, 3) parallel
(l1, m1, n1) = (–1, 0, 1) and (l2, m2, n2) = (0, –1, 1)
We know that angle between them x y z -1
to the line = = is
0 + 0 +1 1 1 2 3 -6
cos q = = =
1+ 0 +1 0 +1+1 2 2 2
x -1 y + 2 z - 3
1 p = = = r (say) ...(1)
cos q = = cos 60o Þ q = 60o Þ q = 2 3 -6
2 3
Then any point on (1) is (2r + 1, 3r – 2, –6r + 3)
27. (c) Plane 2ax - 3ay + 4az + 6 = 0 passes
If this point lies on the plane x – y + z = 5 then
through the mid point of the centre of spheres
1
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 6 x - 8 y - 2 z = 13 and (2r + 1) – (3r – 2) + (–6r + 3) = 5 Þ r =
7
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 - 10 x + 4 y - 2 z = 8 respectively æ9 11 15 ö
Hence the point is ç , - , ÷
center of spheres are (– 3, 4, 1) and (5, – 2, 1). è 7 7 7ø
Three Dimensional Geometry 417
r r r r r r
æ9 11 15 ö Since, ( b ´ c ), ( c ´ a ) and ( a ´ b ) are non-
Distance between (1, –2, 3) and ç , - , ÷
è7 7 7ø coplanar, then
r r r r r r r
r = x( b ´ c ) + y( c ´ a ) + z( a ´ b )
æ 4 9 36 ö æ 49 ö r r r r r rrr
= ç + + ÷ = ç ÷ =1 Þ a × r = x a × ( b ´ c) + y.0 + z.0 = x [a b c]
è 49 49 49 ø è 49 ø r r
a×r a2
30. (b) Since 3 (1) + 2 (–2) + (–1)(–1) = 3 – 4 + 1 = 0 Þ x= r rr = r rr
\ given line is ^ to the normal tothe plane i.e., [ a b c] 2 [ a b c]
given line is parallel to the given plane. b2 c2
Also (1, –1, 3) lies on the plane x - 2 y - z = 0 if Similarly, y = r r r and z = r rr
2 [ a b c] 2 [ a b c]
1 – 2 (–1) –3 = 0 i.e. 1 + 2 – 3 = 0 r
which is true \ L lies in plane p. Therefore, r
31. (a) Since l2 + m2 + n2 = 1 r r r r r r
a 2 ( b ´ c ) + b 2 ( c ´ a ) + c 2 ( a ´ b)
\ cos2 a + cos2 a + cos2 q = 1 .......... (i) = r rr
2 [ a b c]
(Q A line makes the same angle a with x and
y-axes and q with z-axis) 33. (b) Here, a = b = g
Also, sin2 q = 2 sin2 a 1
Þ 1 – cos2 q = 2(1 – cos2 a) (Q sin2 A + cos2 A = 1) Q cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1 \ cos a =
3
Þ cos2 q = 2cos2 a –1 .......... (ii)
æ 1 1 1 ö
\ From equation (i) and (ii) Direction cosines of PQ are ç , ,
è 3 3 3 ÷ø
2 cos2 a + 2 cos2 a – 1 = 1
1 p 3p A(– 2, 3, 1)
Þ 4 cos2 a = 2 Þ cos a = ± Þ a= ,
2 4 4
r
32. (a) If the centre 'P' is with position vector r ,
r r uuur r r uuur r r uuur
then a – r = PA, b – r = PB, c – r = PC ,
uuur uuur Q
where | PA | = PB (– 3, 5, 2) P M
uuur uuur r
= PC = OP = r PM = Projection of AP on PQ
B(b) 1 1 1 2
= (– 2 + 3) + (3 – 5) + (1– 2) =
3 3 3 3
and AP = (– 2 + 3) 2 + (3 – 5) 2 + (1– 2) 2 = 6
P(r ) C (c)
4 14
AM = ( AP )2 – ( PM ) 2 = 6– =
3 3
O A(a)
34. (a) Let PQ be the shortest distance vector
between l 1 and l 2 . Now, l 1 passes through
r r r r
Consider | a – r | = | r | r
A1 ( a1 ) and is parallel to b1 and l2 passes
r r r r r r
Þ ( a – r ) × ( a – r ) = r×r r r
r r through A 2 (a2 ) and is parallel to b2 . Since, PQ
Þ a2 – 2 a × r + r2 = r2
r r r r is perpendicular to both l1 and l2 it is parallel to
Þ a2 = 2 a × r Similarly, b2 = 2 b × r and c2 r r
b1 ´ b2 .
r r
= 2 c× r
 EBD_7588
418 Mathematics Objective MCQs
A1 ( a1 ) Þ x – 3y + z – 11 = 0
P
l1 x y z
Þ – + =0
11 11/ 3 11
The above plane intercept the x-axis at 11.
37. (d) If the line is parallel to the plane then
l2
Q al + bm + cn = 0
A2 ( a2 )
38. (b) Given equations of two planes are 2x – y + z = 4
and x + y + 2z = 6
So, angle between them is
Let n̂ be the unit vector along PQ. Then,
2 (1) + ( -1) (1) + (1) ( 2 )
r r cos q =
b ´b 4 +1+1 4 +1+1
nˆ = r1 r2
| b1 ´ b2 | 2 -1+ 2 3 1
= = = Þq= p.
Let d be the shortest distance between the given 6 6 6 2 3
lines l1 and l2. 39. (c) 2x2 – 2y2 + 4z2 + (6xz + 2yz + 3xy = 0
uuur uuur
| PQ | = d and PQ = d nˆ. or 2x2 + x(6z + 3y) – 2y2 + 4z2 + 2yz = 0
Next PQ being the line of shortest distance – (6 z + 3 y ) ± 36 z 2 + 9 y 2 + 36 yz – 8(– 2 y 2 + 4 z 2 + 2 yz )
between l1 and l2 is the projection of the line x=
4
r r
ˆ ;
joining the points A1( a1 ) and A2 ( a2 ) on n. – (6z + 3 y ) ± (2 z + 5 y)2
x=
r r r r 4
uuur r r (a2 – a1 ) . b1 ´ b2
| PQ | = | A1A2 .nˆ | Þ d = r r – (6 z + 3 y ) ± (2 z + 5 y )
| b1 ´ b2 | Þx=
4
35. (c) The given equation of sphere is or 2x – y + 2z = 0, x + 2y + 2z = 0
ax2 + by2 + cz2 –2x + 4y + 2z – 3 = 0
æ 4ö
This equation represents a equation of sphere, if \ Angle between planes is cos– 1 çè ÷ø .
9
coefficient of x2, y2 and z2 is same. ur r
i.e., a = b = c r r ( p ´ q) r r
\ Equation of sphere can be re-written as 40. (b) 1 = (b – a) × ur r Þ | a - b | cos 60° = 1
| p´q|
bx2 + by2 + bz2 – 2x + 4y + 2z – 3 = 0
AB = 2
2x 4y 2z 3 41. (b) If a line makes angle q, f and y with x, y, z
Þ x2 + y2 + z2 – + + - =0 axes respectively, then
b b b b
cos2q + cos2 f + cos2y = 1
æ 1 -2 -1 ö Þ cos2q + cos2f = 1– cos2y
The centre of this sphere is ç , , ÷ Þ cos2q + cos2f = sin2y
èb b b ø
\ Statement (2) is correct.
42. (d) Shortest distance = perpendiclar distance
Given that the centre of sphere is æç , -1, - ö÷
1 1
è2 2ø between the plane and sphere = distance of plane
from centre of sphere – radius
1 1
= Þb=2
b 2
- 2 ´12 + 4 ´1 + 3 ´ 3 - 327
36. (d) Equation of plane passing through (1, –3, 1) = - 4 + 1 + 9 + 155
and whose normal (1, –3, 1) is 144 + 9 + 16
1(x – 1) – 3 (y + 3) + 1 (z – 1) = 0 = 26 – 13 = 13
Three Dimensional Geometry 419
43. (c) We have, z = 0 for the point where the line ¾¾¾ ® = (2 – 0) $ + (– 2 – 0) $ + (3 – 5) $
AB i j k
intersects the curve.
Then distance of B from the plane = projection of
x - 2 y + 1 0 -1
= = ¾¾¾ ®
Therefore,
3 2 -1 AB on vector $i + 5 $j + k$

Þ
x-2
= 1 and
y +1
=1 P=
( 2$i – 2 $j – 2k$ ) × ($i + 5 $j + k$ )
=
2 –10 – 2
=
10
3 2 1 + 25 + 1 27 3 3
Þ x = 5 and y = 1
r r r r r r r
Put these value in xy = c2, we get, 5 = c2 48. (d) L1 º r1 = 2i + j + 2k + t( -3i + 2 j + 6k)
r r r r r r r
Þc=± 5 L2 º r2 = (i + 2 j - k) + s(4i - j + 8k)
r uur r uur \ angle between L1 and L2 is given by
44. (a) (r × n1 + l r × n2 = q1 + lq2 (i) r r r r r r
where l is a parameter. ( -3i + 2 j + 6k) × (4i - j + 8k)
cos q =
uur uur 9 + 4 + 36 16 + 1 + 64
So, n1 + l n2 is normal to plane (i). Now, any plane
parallel to the line of intersection of the planes -12 - 2 + 48 34 34
= = =
r uur r uur r uur uur 49 81 7 ´ 9 63
r × n3 = q3 and r × n4 = q4 is of the form r × (n3 ´ n4 ) = d.
uur uur uur uur æ 34 ö
Hence, we must have [n1 + l n2 ]×[n3 ´ n4 ] = 0 Þ q = cos -1 ç ÷
è 63 ø
uur uur uur
uur uur uur uur uur uur – [n1 n3 n4 ] 49. (d) Obviously the line perpendicular to the
or [n1 n3 n4 ] + l[n2 n3 n4 ] = 0 or l = uur uur uur
[n2 n3 n4 ] a b c
plane because = = i.e., their direction
on putting this value in Eq. (i), we have the a b c
equation of the required plane as ratios are proportional.
rr r 50. (d) The equation of the line is
r r [n n n ] r
r × n1 - q1 = r1 r3 r4 (r × n2 - q2 ) x -2 y-3 z -4
[ n2 n3 n4 ] = = =r
2 3 5
uur uur uur r uur uur uur uur r uur
or [n2 n3 n4 ](r × n1 – q1 ) = [n1 n3 n4 ](r × n2 – q2 ) where r is a constant. Any point on this line, is
given by x = 2r + 2, y = 3r + 2 and z = 5r + 4
45. (a) Since line is parallel to the plane, vector Since, a plane that is parallel to z-axis will have
r r r
2i + 3 j + l k is perpendicular to the normal to no z-co-ordinate, z = 0
r r r -4
the plane 2i + 3 j + 4k z = 0 Þ 5r + 4 = 0 or, r =
5
13 Putting this value of r for x and y co-ordinates.
Þ 2 × 2 + 3 × 3 + 4l = 0 or l = –
4 4
46. (b) For n = – (l + m), the second relation gives x = 2r + 2 = 2 × ( - )+2
5
al2 + bm2 + c(l + m)2 = 0 or (a + c )l2 + 2clm + (b + c)
m2 = 0. or, 5x = – 8 + 10 = 2
For parallel lines, the two roots must be equal 2 2
Þ 4c2 – 4(b + c) (a + c) = 0 Þ ab + bc + ca = 0 x= , or = 5 ...(1)
5 x
47. (a) It is obvious that the given line and plane
are parallel. Given point on the line is A(2, – 2, 3). 4
B (0, 0, 5) is a point on the plane. Therefore, Similarly, y = 3r + 3 = 3 × ( - )+3
5
or, 5y = – 12 + 15 = 3
 EBD_7588
420 Mathematics Objective MCQs

3 3 1
y= Þ y =5 ...(2) 1
5 = 3 =±
From equations (1) and (2) 1 ´1 3

2 3 1
= Þ 3x – 2y = 0 Since the cube is in positive octant, we take + .
x y 3

1
z So, cos q = Þ q > 60’
51. (d) 3
(0, 0, a ) A [Since value of cos q decreases as q increases in
B (0, a, a )
0 to 90°. cos q = 1 when q = 0° and cos q = 0 when
q = 90°]
)
(a, 0, a ) F
a, a

E 52. (d) The given equation of the planes are x + y +

2z = 3 and – 2x + y – z = 11.
(a,

O y
) C (0, a, 0 ) We know that, the angle between the planes
0, 0
(0, a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0
G and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is given by
(a, 0, 0 ) D
x (a, a, 0 )
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
cos q =
Let there be cube of side 'a'. Co-ordinates of its a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
vertices O, A, B, C, D, E, F have be marked in the
figure. Diagonals are OE, FC, GB and AD. Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 1, c1 = 2, a2 = – 2, b2 = 1, c2 = – 1
Direction ratios (dr3) of these diagonals are :
1 ´ ( -2) + 1 ´ 1 + 2 ´ ( -1)
OE á (a – 0), (a – 0), (a – 0) ñ = (a, a, a) \ cos q =
1+1+ 4 4 +1+1
FC á (– a, a, – a) ñ ; GB á (– a, a, a) ñ and AD
á (a, a, – a) ñ -2 + 1 - 2 3 1 p p
Their dcs are : = = = = cos Þq=
6 6 6 2 3 3
a a a
OE, á , , ñ 53. (b) If a line makes angle q, f and y with x, y, z
a2 + a2 + a2 a2 + a2 + a2 a2 + a2 + a 2 axes respectively, then
cos2q + cos2 f + cos2y = 1
1 1 1
=á , , ñ Þ cos2q + cos2f = 1– cos2y
3 3 3 Þ cos2q + cos2f = sin2y
a a -a 1 1 1 \ Statement (2) is correct.
AD, á , , ñ=á , , ñ
Sa 2
Sa 2
Sa 2 3 3 3 æ 1 1 ö
54. (c) For çç , , k ÷÷ to represent direction
Angle, q, between AD and OE is given by è 2 2 ø
cosines, we should have
1 1 1 1 1 1
´ + ´ - ´
cos q = ± 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2
æ 1 ö æ1ö
ì 2 2 2 ü
1 ö æ 1 ö ïïæ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö ïü
ì 2 2 2 çç ÷÷ + ç ÷ + k 2 = 1
ïæ 1 ö æ
íç ÷ + çç 3÷
÷ + ç ÷ ýíç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç - ÷ ý è 2 ø è2ø
ïè 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø þïïîè 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø ïþ
î
1 1 1
or, + + k2 = 1 Þ k=±
2 4 2
Three Dimensional Geometry 421
r
x y -1 z - 2 61. (c) Let Q ( q ) be the foot of altitude drawn from
55. (a) Equation of line is = =
r r
1 2 3 ur r
P ( p ) to the line r = a + l b ,
Any point on this line is (K, 2K + 1, 3K + 2).
r ur r r r r
If this is the foot of perpendicular from (1, 6, 3) Þ (q – p) × b = 0and q = a + l b
then d.r of this perpendicular are r r ur r
< K – 1, 2 K – 5, 3K –1> Þ ( a + lb – p ) × b = 0
Now, using Condition of perpendicularity we ur r r
r ur r r 2 ( p – a) × b
have or ( a – p ) × b + l | b | = 0 or l = r
(K – 1) 1 + (2K – 5) 2 + (3K – 1)3 = 0 | b |2
ur r r r
Þ K – 1 + 4K – 10 + 9K –3 = 0 Þ K = 1 r ur r (( p – a ) × b)b ur
Hence, Required foot of perpendicular is (1, 3, 5) Þ q – p= a + r – p
56. (b) Let Q be the image of the point P(2, 3, 4) in | b |2
the plane x – 2y + 5z = 6, then PQ is normal to the ur r r r
plane r ur r ur (( p – a) × b)b
Þ | q – p | = (a – p ) + r
\ direction ratios of PQ are <1, –2, 5 > | b |2
Since PQ passes through P(2, 3, 4) and has
direction ratios 1, –2, 5 62. (a) At the point of intersection of the two given
planes, we have
(x - 2) y - 3 z - 4 r r r r r r r r
\ Equation of PQ is = = b + l1 (b – a ) + m1 (a + c) = c + l2 (b – c) +
1 -2 5
r r
57. (c) Given equation of planes are : m2 (a + b)
x + y + z = 7 and ax + by + gz = 3 r r
For these planes to be parallel, coefficients of x, Þ (–l1 +m1 – m2 ) a + (1+l1 – l2 – m2 ) b +
y and z should be same i.e. r r
(m1 –1+l2) c = 0
Þ a=b=g Þ –l1 + m1 – m2 = 0, 1 + l2 – l2 m2 = 0,
58. (a) We have, and m1 – 1 + l2 = 0
cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1 ... (i) r r r
Þ 2cos2 a + 2cos2 b + 2cos2 g = 2 [Q a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors]
Þ 2cos2 a – 1 + 2cos2 b – 1 + 2cos2 g – 1 = 2 – 3 From the last two equations, we get
Þ cos 2a + cos 2b + cos 2g = – 1 l1 + m1 – m2 = 0
Hence statement - I is correct. On solving this equation with – l1 + m1 – m2 = 0,
and now from (i), we get
1 – sin2 a + 1 – sin2 b + 1 – sin2 g = 1 m1 = m2 and l1 = 0
Þ sin2 a + sin2 b + sin2 g = 2 \ l1 = 0, m1 = m2 and l2 = 1 – m1
Hence, only statement I is correct. On substituting these values in either of the given
r r r r r r r
59. (d) Q a lies in the plane of b and c equations, we obtain r = b + m1 (a + c)
r
\ ar = b + lcr as the required line of intersection of the given
planes.
Þ aiˆ + 2 ˆj + bkˆ = iˆ + ˆj + l ( ˆj + kˆ) 63. (b) Let the equation of the plane be
Þ a = 1, 2 = 1+ l, b = l Þ a = 1, b = 1 x y z
+ + =1
a b c
ì1 1 1 ü
60. (d) Since d. c. of line are í , , ý 1 1 1
îc c c þ Þ + + =1
a b c
1 1 1 1
\
2
+ 2
+ 2
= 1 Þ c2 = 3 Þ c = ± 3 Þ Volume of tetrahedron OABC = V = ( a b c)
c c c 6
 EBD_7588
422 Mathematics Objective MCQs

3 m+0 1 2
=- Þm=-
Now (abc)1/3 ³ ³ 3 (G.M. ³ H.M.) q 3 3
1 1 1 2 cos
+ + 2
a b c
9
or abc ³ 27 Þ V ³ n+0 1 2
2 = Þn=
64. (b) If (l 1 , m1 , n1) and (l 2 , m2, n2) are the q 3 3
2 cos
direction ratios then angle between the lines is 2
l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 67. (b) Let any point on the second line be (l, 2l, 3l)
cos q =
l12 + m12 + n12 l22 + m22 + n22 A(1, 1, 1)
Here l1 = 1, m1 = 1, n1 = 1 and
l2 = 1, m2 = – 1, n2 = n and q = 60º
1´ 1 + 1 ´ (–1) + 1´ n
\ cos 60º =
1 + 12 + 12 ´ 12 + 12 + n2
2 q
O B(l , 2l , 3l )
1 n
Þ 2= Þ n2 = 6 Þ n = ± 6
3 2 + n2
6 6
65. (c) Let the variable point be (a, b, g ) then cos q = , sin q =
according to question 42 42
2 2 2 1
æ | a + b + g | ö æ | a - g | ö æ | a - 2b + g | ö DOAB = (OA) OB sin q
çç ÷÷ + çç ÷÷ + ç ÷÷ = 9 2
è 3 ø è 2 ø çè 6 ø
1 6
Þ a 2 + b2 + g 2 = 9 . = l 14 × = 6 or l = 2
2 3 42
So, B is (2, 4, 6).
So, the locus of the point is x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9
R 68. (c)
66. (d)
L
L1
N
P
q/2
q/2 R L
O X O q/2
Q
L2

Let the ray of light comes along

x-axis and strikes the mirror at the origin. Let the lines L1 and L2 intersect at O say origin.
Direction cosines of normal are Consider points P and Q on these lines such that
OP = OQ = 1. Then coordinates of P and Q are
1 1 1 q 1 (l1, m1, n1) and (l2, m2, n2). Their mid point
,- ,so. cos =
3 3 3 2 3 æ l1 + l2 m1 + m 2 n1 + n 2 ö
Let the reflected ray has direction ç , , ÷ lies on the bisector L.
è 2 2 2 ø
cosines l, m, n then
l1 + l2
l +1 1 2 1 So, direction ratios of L are ,
= Þ l = -1 = - 2
q 3 3 3
2 cos m1 + m 2 n1 + n 2
2 , .
2 2
Three Dimensional Geometry 423

q q 71. (c) Let P(a, b, g) be the foot of the perpendicular

Also, OR = OP cos = cos from the origin O(0, 0, 0) to the plane So, the
2 2
\ Direction cosines of L are plane passes through P(a,b, g) and is
perpendicular to OP. Clearly direction ratios of
l1 + l 2 m1 + m 2 n1 + n 2
, , OP i.e., normal to the plane are a, b, g . Therefore,
q q q
2 cos 2 cos 2 cos equation of the plane is a (x – a) + b (y – b) + g
2 2 2
(z – g) = 0
similarly for other bisector we can replace
This plane passes through the fixed point (1, 2, 3),
l 2 , m 2 , n 2 by - l 2 , - m 2 , - n 2 and q by p – q so
a (1 – a) + b (2 – b) + g (3– g) = 0
69. (a) Equation of the plane containing the lines or a2 + b2 +g2 – a – 2b – 3g = 0
2x – 5y + z = 3 and x + y + 4z = 5 is
Generalizing a, b and g, locus of P (a, b, g) is
2x – 5y + z – 3 + l (x + y + 4z – 5) = 0
Þ (2 + l) x + (–5 + l) y + (1 + 4l)z + (–3 – 5l) = 0 x2 + y2 + z2 – x – 2y – 3z = 0
...(i) 72. (d) Q DR's of the normal of the plane = 2, –3, 6
Since the plane (i) parallel to the given plane and DR's of x-axis is 1, 0, 0
x + 3y + 6z = 1 and If q is the angle between the plane
2 + l -5 + l 1 + 4l 11 and x-axis, then sin q
\ = = Þ l=-
1 3 6 2 2(1) + ( -3)(0) + (6)(0) 2
Hence equation of the required plane is = =
2 2 + (-3)2 + 6 2 1 7
æ 11ö æ 11ö æ 44 ö æ 55 ö
çè 2 - ÷ø x + çè -5 - ÷ø y + çè1 - ÷ø z + çè -3 + ÷ø = 0 æ 2ö 2
2 2 2 2
Þ q = sin -1 ç ÷ \ a =
Þ (4 -11)x + (-10 -11)y + (2 - 44)z + (-6 + 55) = 0 è 7ø 7
Þ x + 3y + 6z = 7 73. (b) Since, coordinates of points O and P are
70. (d) Let the equation of variable plane be (0,0,0) and (2, 3, – 1) respectively.
x y z Direction ratios of OP are < 2, 3, – 1 >.
+ + = 1. The plane is perpendicular to OP. So, its equation
a b c
which meets the axes at A(a, 0, 0), B(0, b, 0) and is 2x + 3y – z + d = 0.....(i)
C(0, 0, c). Since, this plane passes through
æ a b cö (2, 3, – 1); 2 × 2 + 3 × 3 – 1× –1 + d = 0
The centroid of DABC is çè , , ÷ø and it
3 3 3 Þ 4+9+1+d=0
1 1 1 Þ d = – 14
satisfies the relation 2
+ 2
+ 2 = k. Thus, On putting the value of d in equation (i)
x y z
2x + 3y – z – 14 = 0
9 9 9 Þ 2x + 3y – z = 14
2
+ 2
+ =k
a b c2 which is required equation of plane.
1 k
1 1 74. (d) Direction cosines of the normal to the plane
or + + = ...(i)
a b 2
c 2
9 2 3x + y + z = 5 are 3, 1, 1
Also it is given that the distance of the plane Direction cosines of the normal to the plane
x y z x – 2y – z = 6 are 1, – 2, – 1
+ + = 1 from (0, 0, 0) is 1 unit. Therefore, Sum of the product of direction cosines
a b c
= 3 × 1 + 1 × (– 2) + 1× (– 1) = 0
1 1 1 1
= 1 or 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 ...(ii) Hence, normals to the two planes are
1 1 1 a b c
+ + perpendicular to each other. Therefore two planes
a 2 b2 c 2 are also perpendicular.
From (i) and (ii), we get k/9 = 1, i.e., k = 9
 EBD_7588
424 Mathematics Objective MCQs
75. (a) The given lines are:- = 5, 3, – 11
\ Eqn. of plane is
x - 2 y - ( -1) z - ( -2 )
= = and
1 -2 1 æ 3ö æ 7ö æ 9ö
5 ç x - ÷ + 3 ç y - ÷ - 11ç z + ÷ = 0
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2ø
æ 3ö 135
y-ç- ÷ Þ 5x + 3y – 11z =
x -1
= è 2 ø = z - ( -5 ) 2
Þ r. ( 5i + 3 j - 11 k ) =
1 3 2 ˆ ˆ ˆ 135
2 2
78. (c) Any plane through the line is
dr’s of Ist line are:-
(x + 2y – z + 1) + l(3x – y – 4z + 3) = 0.
a1 = 1, b1 = –2, c1 = 1
It passes through (1, 1, 1).
dr’s of IInd line are:-
\ (1 + 2 – 1 + 1) + l(3 – 1 – 4 + 3) = 0 Þ l = – 3
a2 = 2, b2 = 3, c2 = 4
Therefore, the required plane is 8x – 5y – 11z + 8 = 0.
Let ‘q’ be the angle b/w two lines, then,
79. (b) The equation of the sphere is
a1 a 2 + b1 b2 + c1 c2 r r r r
cos q = | r – 2i – j + 6k | = 18
a12 + b12 + c12 . a 22 + b22 + c 22 r r r r
Þ Its centre is at the point ( r – 2i – j + 6k ), ie, at
cos q = 0
(2, 1, – 6). Coordinates of A are (3, 2, – 2). Let the
p coordinates of B be (a, b, g).
Þ q=
2
3+ a 2+b –2+l
76. (a) The point A (6, 7, 7) is on the line . Let the Then, = 2, = 1 and =–6
perpendicular from P meet the line in L. Then 2 2 2
Þ a = 1, b = 0, l = – 10
AP 2 = (6 - 1) 2 + (7 - 2) 2 + (7 - 3) 2 = 66
Therefore, coordinates of B are (1, 0, – 10).
P 80. (b) The equation of the given sphere is
x2 + y2 + z2 – 10z = 0.
\ Its centre is (0, 0, 5).
L Coordinates of one end point of a diameter of the
sphere is given as ( – 3, – 4, 5).
A ( 6, 7, 7)
Let Coordinates of another end point of this
Also AL = projection of AP on line diameter (x1, y1, z1)
æ 3 2 -2 ö -3 + x1
çç actual d.c.' s , , ÷÷ \ =0 Þ x1 = 3
è 17 17 17 ø 2

-4 + y1
Þ ( 6 - 1). 3 + ( 7 - 2 ). 2 + ( 7 - 3 ) - 2 = 17 =0 Þ y1 = 4
17 17 17 2
\ ^ distance d of P from the line is given by
5 + z1
and =5 Þ z1 = 5
d 2 = AP 2 - AL2 = 66 - 17 = 49 so that d = 7 2
æ 3 7 -9 ö \ Required coordinates are (3, 4, 5).
77. (d) Mid point of PQ is = çè , , ÷ø
2 2 2
DR of the normal is = (4 – (– 1), 5 – 2, – 10 – 1)
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 28 Linear Programming
1. The solution set of constraints x + 2y ³ 11, Y
3x + 4y £ 30, 2x + 5y £ 30 and x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 , (4, 10)
includes the point (6, 8)
(0, 8)
(a) (2, 3) (b) (3, 2) (c) (3, 4) (d) (4, 3).
2. Corner points of the feasible region for an LPP Feasible (6, 5)
Region
are (0, 2) (3, 0) (6, 0), (6, 8) and (0, 5). Let F = 4x + 6y
be the objective function. X
The minimum value of F occurs at (0, 0) O (5, 0)

(a) (0, 2) only (a) (0, 0) (b) (0, 8)

(b) (3, 0) only (c) (5, 0) (d) (4, 10)
(c) the mid-point of the line segment joining the 7. The maximum value of z = 3x + 4y subject to the
points (0, 2) and (3, 0) only condition x + y £ 40, x + 2y £ 60, x,y ³ 0 is
(d) any point on the line segment joining the
(a) 130 (b) 120 (c) 40 (d) 140
points (0, 2) and (3, 0)
3. The solution set of the following system of x y x y
8. Consider + ³ 1 and + £ 1, x, y ³ 0.
inequations: x + 2y £ 3, 3x + 4y ³ 12, x ³ 0, y ³1, is 2 4 3 2
(a) bounded region (b) unbounded region
Then number of possible solutions are :
(c) only one point (d) empty set
(a) Zero (b) Unique
4. Every gram of wheat provides 0.1 g of proteins
and 0.25 g of carbohydrates. The corresponding (c) Infinite (d) None of these
values of rice are 0.05 g and 0.5 g respectively. 9. A shop-keeper deals in the sale of TVs and VCPs.
He has ` 5.2 lacs to invest. He has only space for
Wheat costs ` 4 per kg and rice ` 6. The minimum
daily requirements of proteins and carbohydrates 50 pieces. A TV costs `. 20, 000/-, and a VCP costs
for an average child are 50 g and 200 g respectively. ` 8, 000/- From a TV and VCP he earns a profit of
Then in what quantities should wheat and rice be ` 1500/- and ` 800/- respectively. Assuming that
mixed in the daily diet to provide minimum daily he sells all the items that he purchases, the number
requirement of proteins and carbohydrates at of TVs and VCPs he should buy in order to
minimum cost maximize his profit, is equal to
(a) 60,000 (b) 55,000 (c) 51,000 (d) 47,000
10. The maximum value of z = 4x + 3y subject to the
(a) 400, 200 (b) 300, 400
constraints 3x + 2y ³ 160, 5x + 2y ³ 200, x + 2y ³ 80,
(c) 200, 400 (d) 400, 300
5. The solution of linear programming problem x, y ³ 0 is
Maximize z = 3x1 + 5 x2 Subject to 3x1 + 2x2 £ 18, (a) 320 (b) 300 (c) 230 (d) None
x1 £ 4, x2 £ 6, x1 ³ 0 , x2 ³ 0 is 11. The constraints –x1 + x2 £ 1, –x1 +3x2 £ 9, x1,x2 ³ 0
(a) x1 = 2, x2 = 0, z = 6 define on
(b) x1 = 2, x2 = 6, z = 36 (a) Bounded feasible space
(c) x1 = 4, x2 = 3, z = 27 (b) Unbounded feasible space
(d) x1 = 4, x2 = 6, z = 42 (c) Both bounded and unbounded feasible
6. The feasible region for an LPP is shown shaded space
in the figure. Let Z = 3 x – 4 y be the objective (d) None of these
function. Minimum of Z occurs at
 EBD_7588
426 Mathematics Objective MCQs
12. A company manufactures two types of products 15. Maximize Z = 3x + 5y, subject to x + 4y £ 24,
A and B. The storage capacity of its godown is 3x + y £ 21, x + y, £ 9, x ³ 0, y ³ 0, is
100 units. Total investment amount is ` 30,000. (a) 20 at (1, 0) (b) 30 at (0, 6)
The cost price of A and B are ` 400 and ` 900 (c) 37 at (4, 5) (d) 33 at (6, 3)
respectively. Suppose all the products have sold 16. The maximum value of z = 4x + 2y subject to
and per unit profit is ` 100 and ` 120 through A constraints 2x + 3y £ 18, x + y ³10 and x, y ³ 0, is
and B respectively. If x units of A and y units of B (a) 36 (b) 40
be produced, then two linear constraints and iso- (c) 20 (d) None of these
profit line are respectively 17. Feasible region for an LPP is shown shaded in
the following figure. Minimum of Z = 4 x + 3 y
(a) x + y = 100; 4x + 9y = 300, 100x + 120y = c
occurs at the point.
(b) x + y £ 100; 4x + 9y £ 300, x + 2y = c Y
(c) x + y £ 100; 4x + 9y £ 300,100 x + 120y = c
(d) x + y £ 100; 9x + 4y £ 300, x + 2y = c D (0, 8)
Feasible
x y
13. Graph of the constraints + £ 1, x ³ 0, y ³ 0 is C (2, 5)
Region
3 4
(a) B (4, 3)

A (9, 0)
O X
4
(a) (0, 8) (b) (2, 5)
(c) (4, 3) (d) (9, 0)
3 X 18. A wholesale merchant wants to start the business
of cereal with ` 24000. Wheat is ` 400 per quintal
and rice is ` 600 per quintal. He has capacity to
(b) store 200 quintal cereal. He earns the profit ` 25
per quintal on wheat and ` 40 per quintal on rice.
If he store x quintal rice and y quintal wheat, then
4
for maximum profit, the objective function is
(a) 25 x + 40 y (b) 40x + 25 y
400 600
3 X
(c) 400x + 600y (d) x+ y
40 25
19. Which of the following is not a vertex of the
(c) positive region bounded by the inqualities
2x + 3y £ 6, 5x + 3y £ 15 and x, y ³ 0
(a) (0, 2) (b) (0, 0)
–3 (c) (3, 0) (d) All of these
X
20. The maximum value of z = 5x + 2y, subject to the
constraints x + y £ 7, x + 2y £ 10, x, y ³ 0 is
–4
(a) 10 (b) 26 (c) 35 (d) 70
21. For the constraint of a linear optimizing function
z = x1 + x2, given by x1+ x2 £ 1, 3x1+ x2 ³ 3
(d) and x1, x2 ³ 0,
(a) There are two feasible regions
(b) There are infinite feasible regions
–3
X
(c) There is no feasible region
(d) None of these.
22. The maximum value of z = 2x + 5y subject to the
–4 constraints 2x + 5y £ 10, x + 2y ³1, x – y £ 4, x ³ y ³ 0,
occurs at
14. Consider the objective function Z = 40x + 50y. (a) exactly one point
The minimum number of constraints that are
(b) exactly two points
required to maximize Z are
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1 (c) infinitely many points
(d) None of these
Linear Programming 427
23. An oil company required 12000, 20000 and 15000 32. A brick manufacture has two depots A and B,
barrels of high-grade, medium grade and low with stocks of 30000 and 20000 bricks
grade oil, respectively. Refinery A produces 100, respectively. He receive orders from three
300 and 200 barrels per day of high-grade, builders P, Q and R for 15000, 20,000 and 15000
medium-grade and low-grade oil, respectively, bricks respectively. The cost (in `) of
while refinery B produces 200, 400 and 100 transporting 1000 bricks to the builders from the
barrels per day of high-grade, medium-grade and depots as given in the table.
low-grade oil, respectively. If refinery A costs
To Transportation cost
` 400 per day and refinery B costs ` 300 per From per 1000 bricks (in `)
day to operate, then the days should each be
run to minimize costs while satisfying P Q R
requirements are A 40 20 20
(a) 30, 60 (b) 60, 30 (c) 40, 60 (d) 60, 40 B 20 60 40
24. A vertex of bounded region of inequalities x ³ 0 The manufacturer wishes to find how to fulfill
x + 2y ³ 0 and 2x + y £ 4 is the order so that transportation cost is minimum.
(a) (1, 1) (b) (0, 1) (c) (3, 0) (d) (0, 4) Formulation of the L.P.P., is given as
25. Which of these terms is not used in a linear (a) Minimize Z = 40x – 20y
programming problem? Subject to, x + y ³ 15, x + y £ 30, x ³ 15, y £ 20,
(a) Slack variables (b) Objective function x ³ 0, y ³ 0
(c) Concave region (d) Feasible solution (b) Minimize Z = 40x – 20y
26. The maximum value of z = 6x + 8y subject to Subject to, x + y ³ 15, x + y £ 30, x £ 15, y ³ 20,
constraints 2x + y £ 30, x + 2y £ 24 and x ³ 0, y ³ 0 is x ³ 0, y ³ 0
(a) 90 (b) 120 (c) 96 (d) 240 (c) Minimize Z = 40x – 20y
27. Consider : z = 3x + 2y Subject to, x + y ³ 15, x + y £ 30, x £ 15, y £ 20,
Minimize subject to : x + y ³ 8 x ³ 0, y ³ 0
(d) Minimize Z = 40x – 20y
3x + 5y £ 15 Subject to, x + y ³ 15, x + y £ 30, x ³ 15, y ³ 20,
x, y ³ 0 x ³ 0, y ³ 0
It has : 33. The inequalities 5x + 4y ³ 20, x £ 6, y £ 4 form
(a) Infinite feasible solutions (a) A square (b) A rhombus
(b) Unique feasible solution (c) A triangle (d) A quadrilateral
(c) No feasible solution 34. Maximize Z = 4x + 6y, subject to 3x + 2y £ 12,
(d) None of these x + y ³ 4, x, y ³ 0, is
28. The number of corner points of the L.P.P. (a) 16 at (4,0) (b) 24 at (0, 4)
Max Z = 20x + 3y subject to the constraints (c) 24 at (6, 0) (d) 36 at (0, 6)
x + y £ 5, 2x + 3y £ 12, x ³ 0, y ³ 0 are 35. Inequations 3x – y ³ 3 and 4x – y ³ 4
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 (a) Have solution for positive x and y
29. The maximum value of z = 3x + 2y subject to (b) Have no solution for positive x and y
x + 2y ³ 2, x + 2y £ 8, x, y ³ 0 is : (c) Have solution for all x
(a) 32 (b) 24 (d) Have solution for all y
(c) 40 (d) None of these 36. Z = 7x + y, subject to 5x + y ³ 5, x + y ³ 3, x ³ 0,
30. The maximum value of z = 5x + 3y, subjected to y ³ 0. The minimum value of Z occurs at
the conditions 3x + 5y £ 15, 5x + 2y £ 10, x, y ³ 0 is
æ1 5ö
235 325 523 532 (a) (3, 0) (b) ç , ÷
(a) (b) (c) (d) è2 2ø
19 19 19 19 (c) (7, 0) (d) (0, 5)
31. The constraints – x1 + x2 £ 1, – x1 + 3x2 £ 9; 37. The true statement for the graph of inequations
x1, x2 ³ 0 defines on 3x + 2y £ 6 and 6x + 4y ³ 20 , is
(a) bounded feasible space (a) Both graph are disjoint
(b) unbounded feasible space (b) Both contain (0, 3)
(c) both bounded and unbounded feasible space (c) Both contain point (1, 1)
(d) None of these (d) None of these
 EBD_7588
428 Mathematics Objective MCQs
38. Shamli wants to invest `50,000 in saving 39. The maximum value of P = x + 3y such that
certificates and PPF. She wants to invest atleast 2x + y £ 20, x + 2y £ 20, x ³ 0, y ³ 0 is
`15,000 in saving certificates and at least (a) 10 (b) 60
`20,000 in PPF. The rate of interest on saving (c) 30 (d) None of these
certificates is 8% p.a. and that on PPF is 9% p.a. 40. A printing company prints two types of
Formulation of the above problem as LPP to magazines A and B. The company earns `10 and
determine maximum yearly income, is `15 on each magazine A and B respectively.
(a) Maximize Z = 0.08x + 0.09y These are processed on three machines I, II &
Subject to, x + y £ 50,000, x ³ 15000, III and total time in hours available per week on
y ³ 20,000 each machine is as follows:
(b) Maximize Z = 0.08x + 0.09y
Subject to, x + y £ 50,000, x ³ 15000, Magazine ® A(x) B(y) Time available
y £ 20,000 ¯ Machine
(c) Maximize Z = 0.08x + 0.09y I 2 3 36
Subject to, x + y £ 50,000, x £ 15000,
II 5 2 50
y ³ 20,000
(d) Maximize Z = 0.08x + 0.09y III 2 6 60
Subject to, x + y £ 50,000, x £ 15000, The number of constraints is
y £ 20,000 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

Answer KEYs
1 (c) 5 (b) 9 (d) 13 (b) 17 (b) 21 (c) 25 (c) 29 (b) 33 (d) 37 (a)
2 (d) 6 (b) 10 (d) 14 (c) 18 (b) 22 (c) 26 (b) 30 (a) 34 (d) 38 (a)
3 (d) 7 (d) 11 (b) 15 (c) 19 (d) 23 (b) 27 (c) 31 (b) 35 (a) 39 (c)
4 (a) 8 (c) 12 (c) 16 (d) 20 (c) 24 (d) 28 (a) 32 (c) 36 (d) 40 (c)
Linear Programming 429

1. (c) Obviously, solution set of constraints 4. (a) Suppose x grams of wheat and y grams of
included the point (3, 4). rice are mixed in the daily diet.
2. (d) Construct the following table of objective Since every grams of wheat provides 0.1 g of
function proteins and every gram of rice gives 0.05 g of
proteins. Therefore, x gms of wheat and y grams of
Corner Point Value of F = 4x + 6y rice will provide 0.1x + 0.05y g of proteins. But the
(0, 2) 4 × 0 + 6 × 2 = 12 minimum daily requirement of proteins is of 50 g.
} ¬ minimum
(3, 0) 4 × 3 + 6 × 0 = 12 x y
\ 0.1x + 0.05y ³ 50 + ³ 50 Þ
(6, 0) 4 × 6 + 6 × 0 = 24 10 20
(6, 8) 4 × 6 + 6 × 8 = 72 ¬ maximum Similarly, x grams of wheat and y grams of rice
will provide 0.25x + 0.5y g of carbohydrates and
(0, 5) 4 × 0 + 6 × 5 = 30
the minimum daily requirement of carbohydrates
Since the minimum value (F) = 12 occurs at two is of 200 g.
distinct corner points, it occurs at every points
of the segment joining these two points. x y
\ 0.25x + 0.5y ³ 200 + ³ 200 Þ
3. (d) The solution region is bounded by the 4 2
straight lines Since, the quantities of wheat and rice cannot
x + 2y = 3 …(1) be negative.
3x + 4y = 12 …(2) Therefore, x ³ 0, y ³ 0
x= 0 …(3) It is given that wheat costs ` 4 per kg and rice
y= 1 …(4) ` 6 per kg. So, x grams of wheat and y grams of
The straight lines (1) and (2) meet the x-axis in rice will cost
(3, 0) and (4,0) and for (0, 0), x + 2y £ 3 4x 6y
Þ 0 £ 3 which is true. ` +
1000 1000
Hence (0, 0) lies in the half plane x + 2y £ 3. Also Subject to the constraints
the lines (1) and (2) meet the y-axis in (0, 3/2) and
(0, 3) and for (0,0) 3x + 4y ³12 Þ 0 ³12 which is x y x y
+ ³ 50, + ³ 200, and x ³ 0, y ³ 0
not true. Hence (0, 0) doesn't belong to the half 10 20 4 2
plane 3x + 4y ³ 0. Also x ³ 0, y ³ 1 Þ that the The solution set of the linear constraints is
solution set belongs to the first quadrant. shaded in figure. The vertices of the shaded
Moreover all the boundary lines are part of the region are
A2 (800, 0), P (400, 200) and B1(0, 1000).
solution. From the shaded region, We find that y
there is no solution of the given system. Hence
the solution set is an empty set.

(0,3)

(0, 1000)B1 x y
+ = 50
10 20

(0,3/2) y=1
)B 2
00
(0, 400)B2 0, 2
40 x y
x=0 (4, 0,) P( + = 200
4 2
(3, 0,) x
0 (500, 0)A1 A 2(800, 0)
 EBD_7588
430 Mathematics Objective MCQs
The values of the objective function at these y-axis; (0, 50); (0, 65)
points are given in the following table.

Point ( x1 , x2 ) Valueof objectivefunction

4x 6y
Z= + (0, 65)C
1000 1000
A2 (800,0) 4 8 B(10,40)
Z= ´ 800 + ´ 0 = 3.2
1000 1000
4 6
P (400, 200) Z= ´ 400 + ´ 200 = 2.8
1000 1000 (0, 0)O A(26,0)
4 6
B1 (0,1000) Z= ´0+ ´ 1000 = 6
1000 1000
The boundary lines x + y = 50 and
Clearly, Z is minimum for x = 400 and y = 200. The 5x + 2y = 120 intersect at (10, 40). The feasible
minimum diet cost is 2.8. region is shown as shaded.
5. (b) Here feasible region has has vertices The quadrilateral has four vertices namely
(0, 0): ( 4, 0); O (0, 0), A (26, 0), B (10, 40), C (0, 65). The maximum
( 4, 3): (2, 6) and (0, 6). occurs at B(10, 40). Hence he should store 10 TVs
Max z at (2, 6) = 3(2) + 5(6) = 36. and 40 VCPs. He earns a profit of
6. (b) Construct the following table of the values ` 1500 × 10 + 800 × 40 = 47,000
of the objective function : 10. (d) Obviously, it is unbounded. Therefore its
maximum value does not exist.
Corner Point (0, 0) (5, 0) (6, 5) (6, 8) (4, 10) (0, 8)
5x + 2y = 200 Y
(0, 100)
Value of 0 15 –2 –14 –28 –32 3x + 2y = 160
Z=3 x – 4 y
(Maximum) (Minimum)
7. (d) Obviously, z = 3x + 4y will be maximum at
(20, 20) (0, 40)
\ Max z = 3 × 20 + 4 × 20 = 60 + 80 = 140 (80, 0)
x y x y X
8. (c) Consider + ³ 1 , + £ 1 , x, y ³ 0 x + 2y = 80
2 4 3 2
convert them into equation and solve them and 11. (b) It is clear from the graph, the constaints
draw the graph of these equations define the unbounded feasible space.
we get y = 1 and x = 3/2
9. (d) Let x and y denote the number of TV and X2
VCP respectively. From the given data, we have
x ³ 0, y³ 0, x + y £ 50 . He has ` 5.2 lacs to invest.
Hence 20000 x + 8000 y £ 520000.
The profit he earn is 1500x + 800 y. Hence the LPP
(0,3)
is Maximize : z = 1500x + 800 y
subject to x ³ 0, y ³ 0,
x + y £ 50 and 5x + 2y £ 130. (0,1)
(–9,0)
The boundary lines meet the coordinate axes at: X1
(–1,0) O
x-axis; (50, 0), (26, 0)
Linear Programming 431

12. (c) x + y £ 100; 400x + 900y £ 30000 or

Y
4x + 9y £ 300 and 100x + 120y = c. (0, 5)
5x + 3y = 15
13. (b) Take a test point O (0,0).
2x + 3y = 6
x y
Equation of the constraint is + £ 1
3 4 (0, 2)
Þ 4x + 3y £ 12
Since 4(0) + 3 (0) £ 12, the feasible region lies
below the line 4x + 3y = 12
(3,0)
Since x ³ 0, y ³ 0 the feasible region lies in the
x
first quadrant. O
14. (c) Two constraints are x ³ 0, y ³ 0 and the third
one will be of the type ax + by £ c.
15. (c) We have, maximize Z = 3x + 5y
20. (c) Change the inequalities into equations and
Subject to constraints : draw the graph of lines, thus we get the required
x + 4y £ 24, 3x + y £ 21, x + y £ 9, x ³ 0, y ³ 0 feasible region as shown below.
Let l1 : x + 4y = 24
l2 : 3x + y = 21
Y
l3 : x + y = 9
l4 : x = 0 and l5 : y = 0 (0, 7)
On solving these equations we will get points as
A (0, 5)
O(0, 0), A(7, 0), B(6, 3), C(4, 5), D(0, 6)
Now maximize Z = 3x + 5y B (4, 3)
Z at O(0, 0) = 3(0) + 5(0) = 0
Z at A(7, 0) = 3(7) + 5(0) = 21 X
O x+
Z at B(6, 3) = 3(6) + 5(3) = 33 C (7,0) (10,0) 2y
= 10
x

Z at C(4, 5) = 3(4) + 5(5) = 37

+
y

Z at D(0, 6) = 3(0) + 5(6) = 30

=
7

Thus, Z is maximized at C(4, 5) and its maximum

value is 37.
16. (d) After drawing the graph, we get the points
on the region as (9,0), (0,6), (10, 0), (0, 10) and
(12, –2) But there is no feasible point as no point
satisfy all the inequations simultaneously.
17. (b) Construct the following table of functional
values :
The region bounded by the vertices
A(0, 5), B(4, 3), C (7, 0).
The objective function is maximum at C(7,0) and
Max z = 5 ×7 + 2 × 0 = 35.
21. (c) Clearly from graph there is no feasible region.
x2

Corner (0, 8) (2, 5) (4, 3) (9, 0)

Point B(0,3)
Value of 24 23 25 36
Z=4 x+3 y
x1 + x2 =1
(Minimum) A(0,1)
18. (b) For maximum profit, z = 40x + 25y. C(1, 0)
x1
19. (d) Here (0, 2), (0, 0) and (3, 0) all are vertices of O
feasible region. Hence option (d) is correct.
3x1 + x2= 3

432
22. (c) We find that the feasible region is on the
same side of the line 2x + 5y = 10 as the origin, on
the same side of the line x – y = 4 as the origin and
on the opposite side of the line x + 2y = 1 from the
origin. Moreover, the lines meet the coordinate
axes at (5, 0), (0, 2); (1, 0), ( 0, 1/2) and (4, 0). The
æ 30 2 ö
lines x – y = 4 and 2x + 5y = 10 intersect at çè , ÷ø .
7 7
EBD_7588
Mathematics Objective MCQs
The feasible region of th e above LPP is
represented by the shaded region in the given
figure. The corner points of the feasible region
are A2(120, 0), P(60, 30) and B3(0, 1 50). The value
of the objective function at these points are
given in the following table
y

(0, 2)
E
)
,2/7
0/7
D(3

B3(0, 150)

300x + 400y = 20000

A( 0, 1/2)

22x
(0, 0) B(1, 0) C(4, 0)

+1
00 y
The values of the objective function at the

=1
50 0
vertices of the pentagon are:

0
P(60, 30)
5 5
(i) Z= 0+ = (ii) Z = 2 + 0 = 2
2 2 A2(120, 0)
x
0 A3 (75, 0)
æ 20 ö
60 10 çè , 0÷
ø
A1
(iii) Z = 8 + 0 = 8 (iv) Z= + = 10 3
100 x + 200y = 12000
7 7
(v) Z = 0 +10 = 10
The maximum value 10 occurs at the points
Value of the objective function
D(30/7, 2/7) and E(0, 2). Since D and E are adjacent Point (x , y )
Z = 400x + 300y
vertices, the objective function has the same
maximum value 10 at all the points on the lines DE. A 2 (120, 0) Z = 400 × 120 + 300 × 0 = 48000
23. (b) The given data may be put in the following P (60, 30) Z = 400 × 60 + 300 × 30 = 33000
tabular form B 3 (0, 150) Z = 400 × 0 + 300 × 150 = 45000

Refinery
Hig h Medium Low Cos t Clearly, Z is minimum when x = 60, y = 30. Hence,
g rade g rade g rade per day
the machine A should run for 60 days and the
A 100 300 200 ` 400 machine B should run for 30 days to minimize
B 200 400 100 ` 300
the cost while satisfying the constraints.
M inimu m
12000 20000 15000
Req u iremen t
24. (d) Y
Suppose refineries A and B should run for x and
y days respectively to minimize the total cost.
The mathematical form of the above is (0,4)
Minimize Z = 400x + 300y
Subject to 2x + y = 4
100x + 200y ³ 12000
300x + 400y ³ 20000 (2,0)
X
200x + 100y ³ 15000 O
and x, y ³ 0 x + 2y = 0
Linear Programming 433
25. (c) In linear programming problem, concave 28. (a) As is obvious from the figure.
region is not used. Convex region is used in linear
programming.
26. (b) Here, 2x + y £ 30, x + 2y £ 24, x, y ³ 0
The shaded region represents the feasible region,
hence (0,5)
2x
z = 6x + 8y. Obviously it is maximum at (12, 6). +3
y=
Hence z = 12 × 6 + 8 × 6 = 120 12 C (0,4)

Y B (3,2)

X
2x + y = 30 O A x
(5,0) +y
=5
(0,12)
(12,6)
X 29. (b) Given : x + 2y
O (15,0) ³2 .....(1)
x + 2y = 24
x + 2y £8 .....(2)
and x, y ³0
27. (c) Given problem is minimize z = 3x + 2y subject
to x +y ³ 8, Y
3x + 5y £ 15 (0, 4)
x+
x, y ³ 0 2y <
8
First we convert these inequations into
equations and draw the graph. (0, 1) (8, 0)
X
(2, 0)
x+
2y ³
2
Y
(0, 8)
3x x+
+ 5y
= 15 y=
8 x y
For equation (1) + = 1 and for equation
2 1
(0, 3)
(8, 0) x y
X' (2) + =1
X 8 4
O (5, 0)
Given : z = 3x + 2y
Y' At point (2, 0); z = 3 × 2 + 0 = 6
At point (0, 1); z = 3 × 0 + 2 × 1 = 2
At point (8, 0); z = 3 × 8 + 2 × 0 = 24
Since, there is no feasible region, therefore no At point (0, 4); z = 3 × 0 +2 × 4 = 8
feasible solution. \ maximum value of z is 24 at point (8, 0).
 EBD_7588
434 Mathematics Objective MCQs
30. (a) Given, inequalities are 3x + 5y £ 15, It is clear from the figure that feasible space
5x + 2y £ 10, x, y ³ 0 (shaded portion) is unbounded.
y 32. (c) The given information can be expressed as
given in the diagram:
In order to simply, we assume that 1 unit = 1000
bricks
(5, 0) Suppose that depot A supplies x units to P and y
units to Q, so that depot A supplies (30 – x – y)
bricks to builder R.
(0, 3)C B Now, as P requires a total of 15000 bricks, it
requires (15 – x) units from depot B.
x¢ x
Similarly, Q requires (20 – y) units from B and
O A (5, 0) R requires 15 – (30 – x – y) = x + y – 15 units from B.
(2, 0)
Using the transportation cost given in table, total
3x + 5y = 15
5x + 2 y = 10 transportation cost.
y¢
Z = 40x + 20y + 20(30 – x – y) + 20(15 – x) + 60
Also, given z = 5x + 3y (20 – y) + 40(x + y – 15)
At point A (2, 0)
z = 5 × 2 + 0 = 10 = 40x – 20y + 1500
Obviously the constraints are that all
At point B æç , ö÷,
20 45
è 19 19 ø quantities of bricks supplied from A and B to P,
Q, R are non-negative.
5 ´ 20 3 ´ 45 235
z= + =
19 19 19
At point C (0, 3)
z = 5 (0) + 3 × 3 = 9 A
235 30 units
Hence, maximum value of z is . 30
19 x
y –x
31. (b) Given, constraints are 0
` 20

–x1 + x2 £ 1, –x1 + 3x2 £ 9 and x1, x2 ³ 0 `4 `2 –y

0
P Q R
15 units 20 units 15 units
y
15 ` 40 y)
0

6–
`6

–y

–x
`2 x +
15
20

0
B (7 – y –
8– =x+
=9 20 units
x2
+3
–x 1

\ x ³ 0, y ³ 0, 30 – x – y³ 0, 15 – x ³ 0, 20 – y³ 0,
x + y – 15 ³ 0.
x¢ x Since, 1500 is a constant, hence instead of
O
1
minimizing Z = 40x – 20y + 1500, we can minimize
=
+x 2
Z = 40x – 20y.
–x 1
y¢
Linear Programming 435
Hence, mathematical formulation of the given
LPP is Minimize Z = 40x – 20y, Y

subject to the constraints:

(1, 0)
x + y ³ 15, x + y £ 30, X
O
x £ 15, y £ 20, x ³ 0, y ³ 0
33. (d) Common region is quadrilateral.
(0, –3)
(0, –4)

(0, 2)
From 3x - y ³ 3,

(0, 1) x y
Þ + =1
1 -3
(12/5, 2/5)
From 4x - y ³ 4,
0 (4,0)
(3,0) x + 4y = 6 x y
Þ + =1
2x + 3y = 6 1 -4
34. (d) We have, minimized Z = 4x + 6y
Subject to 3x + 2y £ 12, x + y ³ 4, x, y ³ 0 Clearly the common region of both is true for
Let l1: 3x + 2y = 12 positive value of (x, y).
l2 : x + y = 4 36. (d) We have, maximize Z = 7x + y,
l3 : x = 0 and l4 : y = 0 Subject to :
Shaded portion ABC is the feasible region, where 5x + y ³ 5, x + y ³ 3, x, y ³ 0.
A(4, 0), C(0, 4), B(0, 6). Let l1 : 5x + y = 5
l2 : x + y = 3
l1
7 l3 : x = 0 and l4 : y = 0
6 B(0, 6)
Shaded portion is the feasible region,
5
4
C(0, 4)
3 æ 1 5ö
2 Where A(3, 0), B çè , ÷ø , C(0, 5)
2 2
1
A(4, 0)
X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

l2
Now maximize Z = 4x + 6y 5
C(0, 5)
Z at A(4, 0) = 4(4) + 6(0) = 16 4
Z at B (0, 6) = 4(0) + 6(6) = 36
3 æ1 5ö
Z at C (0, 4) = 4(0) + 6(4) = 24 Bç , ÷
Thus, Z is maximized at B(0, 6) and its maximum 2 è2 2ø
value is 36. 1
35. (a) Following figure will be obtained on A(3, 0)
X
drawing the graphs of given inequations. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
l1 l2
 EBD_7588
436 Mathematics Objective MCQs

æ 1 5ö 8 9
For B : Solving l1 and l2, we get B çè , ÷ø Total income = x+ y
2 2 100 100
\ Given problem can be formulated as
Now maximize Z = 7x + y
Maximize Z = 0.08x + 0.09y
Z at A(3, 0) = 7(3) + 0 = 21 Subject to, x + y £ 50000, x ³ 15000, y ³ 20000.
39. (c) Obviously, P = x + 3y will be maximm at (0, 10).
æ 1 5ö æ 1ö 5 \ P = 0 + 3× 10 = 30.
Z at B çè , ÷ø = 7 çè ÷ø + = 6
2 2 2 2
Y
Z at C(0, 5) = 7(0) + 5 = 5 2x + y = 20
(0,20)
Thus Z, is minimized at C(0, 5) and its minimum
value is 5 x + 2y = 20
20 ,20
37. (a) The equations, corresponding to inequalities (0,10) 3 3
3x + 2y £ 6 and 6x + 4y ³ 20, are 3x + 2y = 6 and (20,0)
X
6x + 4y = 20, So the lines represented by these O (10,0)
equation are parallel. Hence the graphs are
disjoint. 40. (c) Constraints are 2x + 3y £ 36; 5x + 2y £ 50;
38. (a) Let Shamali invest ` x in saving certificate 2x + 6y £ 60, x ³ 0, y ³ 0
and ` y in PPF. \ The number of constraints are 5.
\ x + y £ 50000, x ³ 15000 and y ³ 20000
 29 Probability–II
1. A coin is tossed and a dice is rolled. The 24 1 3 1
probability that the coin shows the head and the (a) (b) (c) (d)
dice shows 6 is 29 4 4 2
1 1 1 1 6. One ticket is selected at random from 100 tickets
(a) (b) (c) (d) numbered 00, 01, 02, ...., 98, 99. If x1 and x2 denotes
2 6 12 24 the sum and product of the digits on the tickets,
2. A fair die is thrown twenty times. The probability
that on the tenth throw the fourth six appears is then P(x1 = 9/x2 = 0) is equal to
20
C10 ´ 5 6
120 ´ 5 7 (a) 2/19 (b) 19/100
(a) (b) (c) 1/50 (d) None of these
6 20
610 7. There are four machines and it is known that
84 ´ 5 6 exactly two of them are faulty. They are tested,
(c) (d) None of these one by one, in a random order till both the faulty
610 machines are identified. Then the probability that
3. Assume that each born child is equally likely to only two tests are needed is
be a boy or a girl. If a family has two children, 1 1 1 1
then the conditional probabilities that both are (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 2 4
girls given that (i) the youngest is a girl, (ii) at 8. A die is rolled three times. Let E1 denote the event
least one is a girl are of getting a number larger than the previous
1 1 1 1 number each time and E2 denote the event that
(a) and (b) and
2 4 3 2 the numbers (in order) form an increasing AP
1 1 1 1 then
(c) and (d) and 3
3 4 2 3 P ( E2 Ç E1 ) =
(a) P ( E2 ) ³ P ( E1 ) (b)
4. Probability that India will win against Pakistan 10
in a cricket match is 2/3, in series of 5 matches
1 10
what is the probability that India will win the (c) P ( E2 / E1 ) = (d) P ( E1 ) = P ( E2 )
series? 36 3
(a) 161/81 (b) 192/243 9. A student appears for tests I, II and III. The
(c) 172/243 (d) None of these student is successful if he passes either in tests
5. In a test, an examinee either guesses or copies or I and II or tests I and IV. The probabilities of the
knows the answer to a multiple choice question 1
with four choices. The probability that he makes student passing in tests I, II, III are p, q and
2
1 respectively. The probability that the student is
a guess is . The probability that he copies is
3 1
successful is then the relation between p and
1 2
and the probability that his answer is correct q is given by
6
(a) pq + p = 1 (b) p2 + q = 1
1 (c) pq – 1 = p (d) none of these.
given that he copied it is . The probability that 10. A pair of fair dice is thrown independently three
8
he knew the answer to the question given that times. The probability of getting a score of exactly
he correctly answered it, is 9 twice is
(a) 8/729 (b) 8/243 (c) 1/729 (d) 8/9.
 EBD_7588
438 Mathematics Objective MCQs
11. In a class 30% students like tea, 20% like coffee 17. Two dice are thrown n times in succession. The
and 10% like both tea and coffee. A student is probability of obtaining a double-six atleast once is
selected at random then what is the probability n n
that he does not like tea if it is known that he æ 1ö æ 35 ö
(a) çè ÷ø (b) 1 - ç ÷
likes coffee? 36 è 36 ø
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/4
n
(c) 1/3 (d) None of these æ 1ö
(c) çè ÷ø (d) None of these
12. Abhay speaks the truth only 60% . Hasan rolls a 12
dice blindfolded and asks Abhay to tell him if 18. If the random variable X takes the values x1, x2,
the outcome is a ‘prime’. Abhay says, “NO”. x3,..., x10 with probabilities P(X = xi) = k i, then
What is the probability that the outcome is really the value of k is equal to
‘prime’? 1 1 1
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.75 (a) (b) (c) (d) 10
10 15 55
(c) 0.6 (d) None of these 19. 6 coins are tossed together 64 times. If throwing
13. n letters to each of which corresponds on a head is considered as a success then the ex-
pected frequency of at least 3 successes is
addressed envelope are placed in the envelope
at random. Then the probability that n letter is (a) 64 (b) 21 (c) 32 (d) 42
placed in the right envelope, will be : 20. Rahul has to write a project, Probability that he
will get a project copy is ‘p’ , probability that he
1 1 1 1 1 will get a blue pen is ‘q’ and probability that he
(a) – + – + ....(–1) n
1! 2! 3! 4! n! will get a black pen is ½. If he can complete the
project either with blue or with black pen or with
1 1 1 1 1 both and probability that he completed the
(b) + + – + ....
2! 3! 4! 5! n! project is ½ then p(1 + q) is
1 1 1 1 n 1
1 1
(c) – + – + ....( -1) (a)
2
(b) 1 (c)
4
(d) 2
2! 3! 4! 5! n!
21. A bag contains p white and q black ball. Two
(d) None of these players A and B alternately draw a ball from the
14. In a sequence of independent trials, the bag, replacing the balls each time after the draw
probability of success on each trial is 1/4. The till one of them draws a white ball and wins the
probability that the second success occurs on game. If A begins the game and the probability
the fourth or later trial, if the trials continue up to of A winning the game is three times that of B,
the second success only, is
then the ratio p : q is :
5 27 23 9
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 2 :1 (d) 1 : 2
32 32 32 32 22. A box contains 20 identical balls of which 10 are
15. Rajesh doesn’t like to study. Probability that he blue and 10 are green. The balls are drawn at
will study is 1/3. If he studied then probability random from the box one at a time with
that he will fail is 1/2 and if he didn’t study then replacement. The probability that a blue ball is
probability that he will fail is 3/4. If in result Rajesh drawn 4th time on the 7th draw is
failed then what is the probability that he didn’t 27 5 5 1
studied. (a) (b) (c) (d)
32 64 32 2
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/4 23. The probability of a man hitting a target is 1/4.
(c) 1/3 (d) None of these The number of times he must shoot so that the
16. A die marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green is probability he hits the target, at least once is more
tossed. Let A be the event, "the number is even", than 0.9, is [use log 4 = 0.602 and log 3 = 0.477]
and B be the event, "the number is red" then; (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 5
1 24. Let Ec denote the complement of an event E. Let
(a) P(A)P(B) = E, F, G be pairwise independent events with
6 P(G) > 0 and P(EÇFÇG) = 0. Then P(Ec Ç Fc | G)
(b) A and B are independent equals
(c) A and B are dependent (a) P(Ec) + P(Fc) (b) P(Ec) – P(Fc)
(d) None of these c
(c) P(E ) – P(F) (d) P(E) – P(Fc)
Probability–II 439
25. The mean and the variance of a binomial from match to match the probability that in a 5
distribution are 4 and 2 respectively. Then the match series India's second win occurs at the
probability of 2 successes is third test, is
(a) 2/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/8
28 219 128 37
(a) (b) (c) (d) 32. If E1 and E2 are two events such that P(E1) = 1/4,
256 256 256 256 P(E2/E1) = 1/2 and P(E1/ E2) = 1/4, then choose
26. The probability of the simultaneous occurrence the incorrect statement.
of two events A and B is p. If the probability that (a) E1 and E2 are independent
exactly one of the events occurs is q, then which (b) E1 and E2 are exhaustive
of the following is not correct? (c) E2 is twice as likely to occur as E1
(a) P(A' ) + P (B' ) = 2 + 2q - p (d) Probabilities of the events E1 Ç E2 , E1 and
(b) P(A' ) + P(B' ) = 2 - 2p - q E2 are in G.P.
33. A fair die is tossed eight times. The probability
p that a third six is observed on the eighth throw is
(c) P(A Ç B | A È B) =
p+q
(d) P(A'ÇB' ) = 1 - p - q. 7 55 7 53
(a) C2 (b) C3
68 68
æ 1ö
27. In a binomial distribution B ç n, p = ÷ , if the
è 4ø 7 56
(c) C6 (d) None of these
probability of at least one success is greater than 68
34. Probability that a man who is 40 year old, living
9
or equal to , then n is greater than: till 75 years is 5/16, and another man who is 35
10 years old living till 70 years is 3/7 then what is
1 9 the probability that at least one of them will be
(a) (b) alive till 35 years hence?
log10 4 + log10 3 log10 4 – log10 3
(a) 11/28 (b) 19/28
4 1 (c) 17/28 (d) None of these
(c) (d) 35. Let A and B be two events such that
log10 4 – log10 3 log10 4 – log10 3
P ( A Ç B ') = 0.20, P ( A 'Ç B) = 0.15,
28. A father has 3 children with at least one boy. The
probability that he has 2 boys and 1 girl is P ( A 'Ç B ') = 0.1, then P(A/B) is equal to
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/3
(c) 2/3 (d) None of these
29. A man is known to speak the truth 3 out of 4 (a) 11/14 (b) 2/11 (c) 2/7 (d) 1/7
times. He throws a die and reports that it is a six. 36. Three letters are written to three different persons
The probability that it is actually a six is and addresses on the three envelopes are also
written. Without looking in the addresses, the
3 1 3 1 letters are kept in these envelopes. The
(a) (b) (c) (d) probability that all the letters are not placed into
8 5 4 2
30. The probability that a particular day in the month their right envelopes is
of July is a rainy day is 3/4. Two person whose 1 1 1 5
credibility are 4/5 and 2/3, respectively, claim that (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 6
15th July was a rainy day. The probability that it 37. A man and a woman appear in an interview for
was really a rainy day is two vacancies in the same post. The probability
of man's selection is 1/4 and that of the woman's
12 11 24 29
(a) (b) (c) (d) selection is 1/3. Then the probability that none
13 12 25 30 of them will be selected is.
31. The probability of India winning a test match
1 1 3 2 2
against Westindies is assuming independence (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4 3 5
2
 EBD_7588
440 Mathematics Objective MCQs

38. If X follows a binomial distribution with 44. A man has a bunch of 10 keys out of which only
1 one can open the door. He choses a key at
parameters n = 8 and p = , then P(| X - 4 |£ 2) random for opening the door. If at each trial the
2
is wrong key is discarded, then the probability that
the door is opened on fifth trial is
119 119
(a) (b) 1 10
C5
128 228
(a) (b)
19 18
2 105
(c) (d) 1 5!
128 128 (c) (d)
39. A random variable has the following probability 10 10!
distribution 45. If A and B are two events such that P(A) ¹ 0
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
æ Aö
p(x) 0 2p 2p 3p p 2 2p 2 7p 2 2 p and P(B) ¹ 1 , then P ç ÷ =
è Bø
The value of p is
æ Aö æ Aö
1 3 (a) 1– P ç ÷ (b) 1– P ç ÷
(a) (b) –1 (c) (d) none è Bø è Bø
10 10
40. Two aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in 1 – P(A È B) P(A)
succession. The probabilities of I and II scoring (c) (d)
a hit correctly are 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. The P(B) P(B)
second plane will bomb only if the first misses 46. The mode of the binomial distribution for which
the target. The probability that the target is hit mean and standard deviation are 10 and 5
by the second plane is
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.7 (c) 0.06 (d) 0.14 respectively is
41. A boy is throwing stones at a target. The (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10
1 47. For k = 1, 2, 3 the box Bk contains k red balls and
probability of hitting the target at any trial is . 1 1
2
(k + 1) white balls. Let P(B1 ) = , P(B2 ) = and
The probability of hitting the target 5th time at 2 3
the 10th throw is : 1
5 63 P(B3 )= . A box is selected at random and a ball
(a) (b) 6
10
2 29 is drawn from it. If a red ball is drawn, then the
10
C5 probability that it has come from box B2, is
(c) 10
(d) None of these
2 35 14 10 12
(a) (b) (c) (d)
42. There are n letters and n addressed envelopes, 78 39 13 13
the probability that all the letters are not kept in 48. 3 friends A, B and C play the game “Pahle Hum
the right envelope, is Pahle Tum” in which they throw a die one after
the other and the one who will get a composite
1
(a) 1 (b) 1 – number 1st will be announced as winner, If A
n! n! started the game followed by B and then C then
1 what is the ratio of their winning probabilities?
(c) 1 – (d) None of these
n (a) 9 : 6 : 4 (b) 8 : 6 : 5
43. Given two independent events, if the probability (c) 10 : 5 : 4 (d) None of these
26 49. A is one of 6 horses entered for a race, and is to
that exactly one of them occurs is and the be ridden by one of two jockeys B and C. It is 2
49
to 1 that B rides A, in which case all the horses
15
probability that none of them occurs is , then are equally likely to win. If C rides A, his chance
49 of winning is trebled. What are the odds against
the probability of more probable of the two winning of A?
events is : (a) 5 : 13 (b) 5 : 18
(a) 4/7 (b) 6/7 (c) 3/7 (d) 5/7 (c) 13 : 5 (d) None of these
Probability–II 441
50. An anti-aircraft gun can take a maximum of four 56. The probability of guessing correctly at least 8
shots at any plane moving away from it. The out of 10 answers on a true-false examination is
probabilities of hitting the plane at the 1st, 2nd, 5 19 11 7
3rd and 4th shots are 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 (a) (b) (c) (d)
128 128 128 128
respectively. What is the probability that at least 57. An urn contains five balls. Two balls are drawn
one shot hits the plane? and found to be white. The probability that all
(a) 0.6976 (b) 0.3024 the balls are white is
(c) 0.72 (d) 0.6431 1 3 3 1
51. A fair coin is tossed a fixed number of times. If (a) (b) (c) (d)
10 10 5 2
the probability of getting seven heads is equal 58. In an organiztion number of women are m times
to that of getting nine heads, the probability of than that of men. If n things are distributed among
getting two heads is them and the probability that the number of things
15 2 n +1
(a) (b) received by men are odd is 1 - æ 1 ö , then m
8
15 ç ÷
2 2 è 2ø
15
(c) (d) None of these equal to
213
52. For two events A and B it is given that 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d)
æ Aö 1 æBö 1 4
P ( A) = P ç ÷ = and P ç ÷ = . 59. Let 0 < P (A) < 1, 0 < P (B) < 1 and
èBø 4 è Aø 2
Then, P(A È B) = P(A ) + P(B) - P(A)P(B) , then :
(a) A and B are mutually exclusive events (a) P(B / A) = P(B) - P(A )
(b) A and B are dependent events (b) P(A'ÈB' ) = P(A' ) + P(B' )
æ Aö 3 (c) P(A Ç B) = P(A' ) P(B' )
(c) Pç ÷ =
èBø 4 (d) None of these
(d) None of these 60. A fair coin is tossed 99 times. If X is the number of
53. One hundred identical coins, each with times head occurs, P(X = r) is maximum when r is
probability p of showing up heads, are tossed. If (a) 49 or 50 (b) 50 or 51
0 < p < 1 and the probability of heads showing (c) 51 (d) none of these
on 50 coins is equal to that of heads showing on 61. A box contains N coins, m of which are fair and
51 coins. The value of p is the rest are biased. The probability of getting a
1
1 49 head when a fair coin is tossed is , while it is
(a) (b) 2
2 101 2
when a biased coin is tossed. A coin is drawn
50 51 3
(c) (d) from the box at random and is tossed twice. Then
101 101 the probability that the coin drawn is fair, is
54. If from each of the three boxes containing 3 white 9m 9m
and 1 black, 2 white and 2 black, 1 white and 3 (a) (b)
black balls, one ball is drawn at random, then the 8N + m 8N - m
probability that 2 white and 1 black ball will be 9m 9m
drawn is (c) (d)
8m - N 8m + N
13 1 1 3 62. By examining the chest X-ray, the probability
(a) (b) (c) (d) that TB is detected when a person is actually
32 4 32 16 suffering is 0.99. The probability of an healthy
55. In Praxis Business School Kolkata, 50% students person diagnosed to have TB is 0.001. In a certain
like chocolate, 30% students like cake and 10% city, 1 in 1000 people suffers from TB, A person
like both. If a student is selected at random then is selected at random and is diagnosed to have
what is the probability that he likes chocolates if TB. Then, the probability that the person actually
it is known that he likes cake? hasTB is
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/5 110 2 110 1
(c) 3/5 (d) None of these (a) (b) (c) (d)
221 223 223 221
 EBD_7588
442 Mathematics Objective MCQs
63. In a book of 500 pages, it is found that there are 67. Abhay speaks the truth only 60% . Hasan rolls a
250 typing errors. Assume that Poisson law holds die blindfolded and asks Abhay to tell him if the
for the number of errors per page. Then, the outcome is a ‘prime’. Abhay says, “YES”. What is
probability that a random sample of 2 pages will the probability that the outcome is really ‘prime’?
contain no error, is (a) 0.5 (b) 0.75
(a) e–0.3 (b) e–0.5 (c) e–1 (d) e–2 (c) 0.6 (d) None of these
64. A problem in mathematics is given to three 68. A coin is tossed thrice. If E be the event of
students A, B, C and their respective probability showing at least two heads and F be the event of
1 1 1 æEö
of solving the problem is , and . showing head in the first throw, then find P ç ÷ .
2 3 4 èFø
Probability that the problem is solved is
4 3 1 1
3 1 2 1 (a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 4 4 2
4 2 3 3
69. A man takes a step forward with probability 0.4
65. A and B are two independent witnesses (i.e. there and backward with probability 0.6. The
is no collision between them) in a case. The probability that at the end of eleven steps he is
probability that A will speak the truth is x and the one step away from the starting point is
probability that B will speak the truth is y. A and
B agree in a certain statement. The probability
that the statement is true is
5
2 5.35 æ 6 ö
x–y xy (a) (b) 462 ´ ç ÷
(a) (b) 510 è 25 ø
x+y 1 + x + y + xy

x–y 35
xy (c) 231´ (d) None of these
(c) (d) 510
1 – x – y + 2 xy 1 – x – y + 2 xy
70. For a biased dice, the probability for the different
66. A bag contains n + 1 coins. It is known that one faces to turn up are
of these coins shows heads on both sides,
whereas the other coins are fair. One coin is Face 1 2 3 4 5 6
selected at random and tossed. If the probability P 0.10 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.05 0.17
7 The dice is tossed and it is told that either the
that toss results in heads is , then the value
12 face 1 or face 2 has shown up, then the
of n is. probability that it is face 1, is
(a) 3 (b) 4
16 1 5 5
(c) 5 (d) None of these (a) (b) (c) (d)
21 10 16 21

Answer KEYs
1 (c) 8 (d) 15 (b) 22 (c) 29 (a) 36 (b) 43 (a) 50 (a) 57 (d) 64 (a)
2 (c) 9 (a) 16 (c) 23 (b) 30 (c) 37 (a) 44 (c) 51 (c) 58 (c) 65 (d)
3 (a) 10 (b) 17 (b) 24 (c) 31 (c) 38 (a) 45 (c) 52 (c) 59 (d) 66 (c)
4 (b) 11 (a) 18 (c) 25 (a) 32 (b) 39 (a) 46 (d) 53 (d) 60 (a) 67 (c)
5 (a) 12 (d) 19 (d) 26 (a) 33 (a) 40 (d) 47 (b) 54 (a) 61 (a) 68 (b)
6 (a) 13 (c) 20 (b) 27 (d) 34 (c) 41 (b) 48 (a) 55 (a) 62 (a) 69 (b)
7 (a) 14 (b) 21 (c) 28 (b) 35 (a) 42 (b) 49 (c) 56 (d) 63 (c) 70 (d)
Probability–II 443

1. (c) Probability of getting a head on tossing a P( A Ç C ) 1/ 4 1

1 P( A | C ) = = = .
coin (P1) = . P (C ) 3/ 4 3
2
4. (b) Total number of matches = n = 5
Probability of getting a six on rolling a dice India will win the series if it wins either 3 or 4 or
1 5 matches.
(P2) = . In previous question we have calculated the
6 value of P(3) = probability of winning 3 matches
These two events are independent. 3 2
æ 2 ö æ 1ö
So the probability that the coin shows the head = ( C3) ç ÷ ç ÷
5

and the dice shows 6 is given by è 3 ø è 3ø

Required Probability = P(3) + P(4) + P(5)
1 1 1
P = P1 ´ P2 = ´ = . æ 2 ö æ 1ö
3 2
æ 2 ö æ 1ö
4 1
2 6 12 = (5C3) ç ÷ ç ÷ + (5C4) ç ÷ ç ÷
2. (c) Desired probability = probability of getting è 3 ø è 3ø è 3 ø è 3ø
3 sixes in first 9 throws × getting six in the 10 5 0
æ 2 ö æ 1ö
3 6 + (5C5) ç ÷ ç ÷
throw = 9 C 3 æç 1 ö÷ æç 5 ö÷ ´ 1 è 3 ø è 3ø
è6ø è6ø 6
10 ´ 8 5 ´ 16 1 ´ 32 192
= + + =
3. (a) Let b and g represent the boy and the girl 243 243 243 243
child, respectively. If a family has two children, 5. (a) Let E 1 be the event that the answer is
the sample space will be guessed, E 2 be the event that the answer is
S = {(b, b), (b, g ), ( g , b), ( g , g )} copied, E3 be the event that the examinee knows
Let A be the event that both children are girls. the answer and E be the event that the examinee
answers correctly.
Therefore, A = {(g, g)}
(i) Let B be the event that the youngest child Given P( E1 ) = 1 , P( E 2 ) = 1 ,
is a girl. Therefore, B = [(b, g), (g, g)] 3 6
Þ A Ç B = {( g , g )} Assume that events E1, E2 & E3 are exhaustive.
2 1 1 \ P(E1 ) + P (E 2 ) + P (E 3 ) = 1
\ P( B) = = and P ( A Ç B ) =
4 2 4 1 1 1
The conditional probability that both are girls, \ P(E 3 ) = 1 - P(E1 ) - P(E 2 ) = 1 - - = .
3 6 2
given that the youngest child is a girl, is given
by P (A / B) æE ö
Now, P çç ÷÷ º Probability of getting correct
P ( A Ç B ) 1/ 4 1 è E1 ø
P ( A / B) = = =
P( B) 1/ 2 2 1
(ii) Let C be the event that at least one child is answer by guessing = (Since 4 alternatives)
4
a girl.
Therefore, C = {(b, g), (g, b), (g, g)} æ E ö
P çç ÷÷ º Probability of answering correctly by
3 è E2 ø
Þ A Ç C = {g , g } Þ P (C ) = and
4 1
1 copying =
8
P( A Ç C ) =
4 æ E ö
The conditional probability that both are girls, and Pçç ÷÷ º Probability of answering correctly
given that at least one child is a girl, is given by è E3 ø
P(A | C). Therefore, by knowing = 1
 EBD_7588
444 Mathematics Objective MCQs

æ E3 ö 6 4+2 1
C3 5
Clearly, ç ÷ is the event he knew the answer 8. (d) P ( E1 ) = = ; P ( E2 ) = =
è E ø 216 54 216 36
to the question given that he correctly answered E1 Ç E2 = E2 \ P ( E1 Ç E2 ) = P ( E2 ) = 1/ 36
æ E3 ö P ( E1 Ç E2 ) 1/ 36 54 3
it. Using Baye’s theorem P ç ÷ P ( E2 / E1 ) = = = = .
è E ø P ( E1 ) 5 / 54 180 10
æ E ö 9. (a) Let A, B and C be the events that the student
P( E 3 ).Pçç ÷
è E 3 ÷ø is successful in tests I, II and III respectively.
= Then P (The student is successful)
æ E ö æ E ö æ E ö = P (A )P (B){1 - P (C)} + P( A){1 - P( B)}P (C) +
P( E1 ).Pçç ÷÷ + P( E 2 ).Pçç ÷÷ + P( E 3 ).Pçç ÷÷
è E1 ø è E2 ø è E3 ø P(A)P(B)P(C)
1
´1 æ 1ö 1 1
2 24 = p . q ç1 - ÷ + p(1– q) +p.q
= = 2
1 1 1 1 1 29 è ø 2 2
´ + ´ + ´1
3 4 6 8 2 1 1 1
= pq + p (1 - q ) + pq
2 2 2
6. (a) Let the number selected by xy. Then
1 1
x + y = 9, 0 £ x, y £ 9 and = ( pq + p - pq + pq) = ( pq + p)
2 2
xy = 0 Þ x = 0, y = 9
1 1
or y = 0, x = 9 \ = (pq + p) Þ 1 = pq + p
2 2
P ( x1 = 9 Ç x2 = 0) 10. (b) A pair of fair dice is thrown, the sample space
P ( x1 = 9 / x2 = 0) =
P( x2 = 0) S = (1, 1), (1, 2) (1, 3) .... = 36
19 Possibility of getting 9 are (5, 4), (4, 5), (6, 3), (3, 6)
Now, P ( x2 = 0) = and \ Possibility of getting score 9 in a single throw
100
4 1
2 = =
P ( x1 = 9 Ç x2 = 0) = 36 9
100 \ Probability of getting score 9 exactly twice
2 /100 2 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö 8
Þ P ( x1 = 9 / x2 = 0) = = . = 3C2 × ç ÷ . ç 1 - ÷ = 3! ´ 1 ´ 1 ´ 8 =
19 /100 19 è 9ø è 9ø 2! 9 9 9 243
7. (a) The faulty machines can be identified in two 11. (a) Let P(A) = probability that a randomly
tests only if both the tested machines are either selected student likes tea = 0.3.
all defective or all non-defective. See the
Let P(A2 ) = probability that a randomly selected
following tree diagram.
student does not like tea = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7.
1/3 D Let P(B) = probability that a randomly selected
2/4 D student likes coffee = 0.2
2/4 ND 1/3 \ P(A2 Ç B) = P(B) – P(A Ç B) = 0.2 – 0.1 = 0.1
ND Now we have to find
(Here D is for Defective & ND is for Non- P(A2 / B) = P(A2 Ç B) / P(B) = 0.1/0.2 = 1/2
Defective) 12. (d) There are two cases when Abhay will
2 1 2 1 1 say ‘No’
Reqd. Probability = ´ + ´ = Case (i) The number that came out is a prime
4 3 4 3 3
and Abhay is not speaking truth, probability for
Q The probability that first machine is defective
this case is P(P) × P(T’).
2 Here P(P) = probability of getting a prime
(or non-defective) is and the probability that
4 = 3/6 = 1/2 = 0.5.
second machine is also defective (or non - P(T) is probability that Abhay is speaking
1 truth and P(T)
defective) is as 1 defective machine remains = 0.6 so P(T’) = 0.4.
3
in total three machines. So probability for this case is 0.5 x 0.4 = 0.2.
Probability–II 445
Case (ii) The number that came out is not a prime Let A : the number is even = {2, 4, 6}
and Abhay is speaking truth, probability for this 3 1
case is P(P’) × P(T) = 0.5 × 0.6 = 0.3. \ P ( A) = =
So total probability for the given case is 0.3 + 0.2 6 2
= 0.5. 3 1
New sample space is 0.5 and we have to find the B : the number is red = {1, 2, 3} \ P ( B) = =
6 2
probability of case (i) which is 0.2/0.5 = 0.4.
13. (c) Probability of n balls = 1 – P (A1 È A2 È A3 È 1
A Ç B = {2} , P ( A Ç B ) =
..... È An) 6
Where A1..... An the event that the letter is placed
at right envelope. 1 1 1 1
or P ( A) × P ( B ) = ´ = ¹
= 1 – [S P (Ai) – S P (Ai Ç Ak) 2 2 4 6
+ S P (Ai Ç Aj Ç Ak) ...... + (–1)n–1 P (Ai Ç Aj Ç An)] 17. (b) The probability of getting a double -six in
(n – 1)! 1
Here, P (Ai) = one throw =
n! 36
(n – r)! The probability of not getting a double -six in
P (A1 Ç A2 Ç A3 Ç ....... Ç An) =
n! 1 35
one throw = 1 - =
Þ SA1 Ç A 2 Ç A3 Ç ......... Ç A n 36 36
So the probability of not getting a double -six in
é1 1 1 n –1! ù n
= 1 – ê – + ......(–1) æ 35 ö
ë 1! 2! 3! n! úû n throw = ç ÷
è 36 ø
1 1 1 1 \ Probability of obtaining a double-six atleast
= – + – .......... + (–1) n
2! 3! 4! n! n
14. (b) Let the second success occur at the nth æ 35 ö
once = 1 - ç ÷
trial. This means that there was exactly one è 36 ø
success in the first n – 1 trials, so that the
10
probability of getting the second success at the
nth trial is 18. (c) å p(X = x i ) = 1
i =1
p n = ( n -1 C1pq n -1-1 )p = (n - 1)p 2 q n - 2
Þ k(1 + 2 + ... + 10) = 1
Therefore the probability of the required event is
p4 + p5 + p6 + ... = 3p2q2 + 4p2q3 + 5p2q4 + 6p2q5 + ... 10 ´ 11 1
Þk =1 Þ k =
= p2q2(3 + 4q + 5q2 + 6q3 + ...) 2 55
= p2q2[3(1 + q + q2 + q3 + ...) + q(1 + 2q + 3q2 + ...)] 1 1 1
19. (d) Here p = . q = 1 – p = 1 - =
æ
2 2 3 q ö 2 2 2
= p2q2[3(1–q)–1+q(1 – q)–2] = p q çç + 2 ÷÷ n = 6, N = 64.
èp p ø Then
2 2 2
= q (3p+q)=q (2p + p + q) = q (2p + 1) r 6- r 6
æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö
2
æ 3 ö é æ 1 ö ù 9 æ 1 ö 27 p( r ) = n C r p r q n - r = 6 C r ç ÷ .ç ÷ = 6Cr ç ÷
= ç ÷ ê2ç ÷ + 1ú = ç + 1÷ = è 2ø è 2ø è 2ø
è 4 ø ë è 4 ø û 16 è 2 ø 32
1 6
15. (b) He will fail in exam in two cases: \ f (r ) = Np(r ) = 64. 6 C r . = Cr
Case (i) He studied and failed, probability of 64
this case is (1/3)(1/2) = 1/6 6
Case (ii) He didn’t studied and failed, probability
of this case is (2/3)(3/4) = 1/2.
Now å p(r) = p(3) + p(4) + p(5) + p(6)
3
So total probability is 1/6 + 1/2 = 4/6 = 2/3
Then required probability = (1/2)/(2/3) = 3/4. 1
= ( 6 C3 + 6C4 + 6C5 + 6C6 )
16. (c) When a die is thrown, the sample space (S) is 26
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
 EBD_7588
446 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 3
æ1ö æ1ö 1
3
= (26 - 6 C0 - 6C1 - 6 C2 ) 6
26 = C3 ç ÷ ç ÷ .
è 2ø è2ø 2
1 42 21 7
= (64 - 1 - 6 - 15) 6
= = 6 ´ 5´ 4 æ 1 ö 1 5
2 64 32 = ç ÷ = 20 ´ =
1´ 2 ´ 3 è 2 ø 32 ´ 4 32
6
21
\ f (r ) r ³3 = N å p(r) = 64. 32 = 42
3
23. (b) Let n denote the required number of shots
and X the number of shots that hit the target.
Then X ~ B(n, p), with p = 1/4. Now,
20. (b) Lets define the events as
Probability of getting project copy (A) = p P(X ³ 1) ³ 0.9 Þ1 - P(X = 0) ³ 0.9
Probability of getting blue pen (B) = q n n
Probability of getting black pen (C) =1/2 n æ3ö æ3ö 1
Þ 1 - C 0 ç ÷ ³ 0.9 Þ ç ÷ £
1 4
è ø 4
è ø 10
Then P ( ABC ) + p( AC B) + p(ABC) =
2 n
æ4ö
1 1 1 1 Þ ç ÷ ³ 10 Þ n (log 4 - log 3) ³ 1
p × q × + p × (1 - q ) + p × q × = è3ø
2 2 2 2
\ pq + p – pq + pq = 1 \ p(1 + q) = 1 1
21. (c) Probability of A winning [A can win in 1st or Þ n (0.602 - 0.477) ³ 1 Þ n ³ =8
0.125
3rd or 5th.... games if B loses 2nd or 4th or... games] Therefore the least number of trials required is 8.
æ q ö
2
æ q ö
4 24. (c) We have
p p p
= + çç ÷÷ . + çç ÷ . + ...
p + q è p + q ø p + q è p + q ÷ø p + q
p
G
p+q é a ù
= êIn infinite G.P. S = 1 - r ú
2
æ q ö ë û E
F
1 - çç ÷÷
èp+qø
p (p + q)
= Q EÇ FÇ G=f
(p + q) 2 - q 2
Probability of B winning P (Ec Ç Fc Ç G)
P (E c Ç Fc / G) =
p (p + q) (p + q) 2 - q 2 - p(p + q) P (G)
=1 - =
(p + q) 2 - q 2 (p + q) 2 - q 2 P (G) - P (E Ç G) - P(G Ç F)
=
Given, P (A) = 3 P(B) P(G)
Þ p(p + q) = 3[(p + q) 2 - q 2 - p(p + q)] [From venn diagram Ec Ç Fc Ç G = G – E ÇG – F ÇG]
Þ 4p(p + q) = 3(p + 2q ).p P (G) – P (E) P ( G) – P(G) P (F)
=
Þ 4p + 4q = 3p + 6q Þ p = 2q P (G)
= 1– P (E) – P (F) = P (Ec) – P (F)
p
= 2 or p : q = 2 : 1 [Q E, F, G are pairwise independent]
q
22. (c) Probability of getting a blue ball at any draw 25. (a) Mean = np = 4 and variance = npq = 2
10 1 1
= p= = \p=q= and n = 8
20 2 2
P [getting a blue ball 4th time in 7th draw] = P 6 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö 28 28
[getting 3 blue balls in 6 draws] × P [a blue ball in \ P(2 success) = 8C2 ç ÷ ç ÷ = 8 =
the 7th draw]. è 2ø è 2ø 2 256
Probability–II 447
26. (a) It is given that
P ( A Ç B) 1
P(A Ç B) = p and P(A 'ÇB) + P(A Ç B' ) = q . P ( A / B) = = .
P( A) 3
Therefore, since P(A'ÇB) = P(B) - P (A Ç B) , 1
we get 29. (a) P(Six occurs) = P ( S1 ) =
6
q = P(B) - P(A Ç B) + P(A) - P(A Ç B)
5
Þ P(A) + P(B) = q + 2p P(Six does not occur) = P(S2) =
6
Þ P(A ') + P(B') = 1 - P(A) + 1 - P(B) 3
P ( E | S1 ) = P(man speaks truth) =
= 2 - q - 2p, 4
showing that (b) is correct. The answer (c) is 1
P ( E | S2 ) = P(man does not speak the truth) =
also correct because 4
P[(A ÇB) Ç(A ÈB)] P(A ÇB) \ By Baye's theorem,
P(A ÇB | A ÈB) = =
P(A ÈB) P(A ÈB) P ( S1 | E ) = P (he reports that six has occured is
actually a six)
P(A Ç B) p p
= = = P ( S1 ) P ( E | S1 )
P(A) + P(B) - P(A Ç B) q + 2p - p p + q =
Finally, (d) is correct because P (S1 ) P ( E | S1 ) + P ( S2 ) P ( E | S2 )
P(A 'Ç B') = 1 - P(A È B) 1 3
´
= 1 - [P(A) + P(B) - P(A Ç B)] 6 4 3
= =
1 3 5 1 8
= 1 - (q + 2p - p) = 1 - p - q. ´ + ´
6 4 6 4
9 30. (c) Let events A : Event that first man speaks
27. (d) We have P (x ³ 1) ³
10 truth
9 B : Event that second man speaks truth
Þ 1 – P (x = 0) ³ R : Day is rainy
10
4 2 3
0 n \ P ( A) = , P( B) = , P ( R ) =
Þ 1 - n C0 æç ö÷ æç ö÷ ³
1 3 9 5 3 4
è4ø è4ø 10 \ Required probability
n P( A Ç B) × P( R)
9 æ 3ö
n æ 3ö æ 1ö =
Þ 1- ³ç ÷ Þ ç ÷ £ç ÷ P( A Ç B) × P( R) + P( A 'Ç B ') × P( R ')
10 è 4 ø è 4 ø è 10 ø
Taking log to the base 3/4, on both sides, we get 4 2 3
´ ´
5 3 4 24
æ3ö æ1ö = = .
n log3/4 ç ÷ ³ log3/4 ç ÷ 4 2 3 1 1 1 25
4
è ø è 10 ø ´ ´ + ´ ´
5 3 4 5 3 4
31. (c) Since, India's second win occurs at the third test.
- log10 10
Þ n ³ - log 3/4 10 = Therefore, the sample space is
æ 3ö = [LWW, WLW]
log10 ç ÷
è 4ø
1 where, L = losing the test
Þ n³
log10 4 - log10 3 W = winning the test.
28. (b) Consider the following events : \ P (India's win occur at the 3rd test)
A : Father has at least one boy
B : Father has 2 boys and one girl = P (LWW) + P (WLW)
Then, A = one boy and 2 girls, 2 boys and one girl, = P (L) P (W) P (W) + P (W) P (L) P (W)
3 boys and no girl A Ç B = 2 boys and one girl (Q Prob. from match to match is independent).
Now, the required probability is
 EBD_7588
448 Mathematics Objective MCQs
P(A) = 0.75, P(B) = 0.70
æ 1 1 1ö æ 1 1 1 ö
= ç ´ ´ ÷ + ç ´ ´ ÷ (given) P ( A Ç B ) 0.55
è 2 2 2ø è 2 2 2ø Now, P ( A / B ) = = .
P( B) 0.70
1 1 2 1
= + = = 36. (b) Favourable ways
8 8 8 4
æ 1 1 1ö
P ( E1 Ç E 2 ) = 3!ç1 - + - ÷ = 2 Total ways = 3!
32. (b) P (E2/E1) = è 1! 2! 3!ø
P (E1 ) 2 1
\ Required probability = =
1 P ( E1 Ç E 2 ) 1 3! 3
Þ = Þ P (E1 Ç E2) = 37. (a) Let M be the events that man will be
2 14 8 selected and W the events that woman will be
1 selected. Then,
= P (E2) . P (E1/E2) = P (E2) .
4 1
P(M ) = , so P ( M ) = 1 - 1 = 3
1 4 4 4
Þ P (E2) = Since P (E1 Ç E2)
2 1 2
P (W ) = , so P(W ) =
1 3 3
= = P (E1) . P (E2) Clearly M1 and W are independent events. So,
8
Þ events are independent 3 2 1
P ( M Ç W ) = P ( M ) ´ P (W ) = ´ = .
1 1 1 5 4 3 2
Also P (E1 È E2) = + - =
2 4 8 8 38. (a) We have,
Þ E1 & E2 are non exhaustive P(| X - 4 |£ 2) = P(-2 £ X - 4 £ 2) = P( 2 £ X £ 6)
33. (a) The required event occurs if two sixes are = 1 - [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 7) + P(X = 8)]
observed in the first seven throws and a six is
observed on the eighth throw. If p is the
é æ1ö 8 æ1ö 8 æ1ö 8 æ1ö ù
8 8 8 8
probability that a six shows on the die, the number 1 - ê 8
C ç ÷ + C ç ÷ + C ç ÷ + C ç ÷ ú
of throws n is 7, and X is the number of times a = 0 1 7 8
êë è 2ø è2ø è2ø è 2 ø úû
six is observed, then X ~ B(7,p). Therefore the
required probability equals P(X = 2) times the 8
probability of getting a six on the eighth throw, æ1ö 18 119
i.e., it equals = 1 - ç ÷ (1 + 8 + 8 + 1) = 1 - 8 =
è2ø 2 128
2 5 7
æ1ö æ5ö æ1ö C 2 (5 5 )
( 7 C 2 p 2 q 5 )(p) = ( 7 C 2 )ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ = 39. (a) Sp( x ) = 1 Þ 9p + 10p 2 = 1
è6ø è6ø è6ø 68
1
34. (c) Let A be the event that 1st man will be alive Þ 10p 2 + 9p - 1 = 0 Þ p = -1 or
till 75 years and B be the event that 2nd man will 10
be alive till 70 years then P(A) = 5/16 and P(B) = 1
3/7 then P(A’) = 11/16, and P(B’) = 4/7 \ p=
10
Probability that none of them will be alive 35
years hence is P(A’) x P(B’) = 11/16 x 4/7 = 11/28 40. (d) Given : Probability of aeroplane I, scoring a
target correctly i.e., P(I) = 0.3 probability of
Then required probability is 1 – 11/28 = 17/28
scoring a target correctly by aeroplane II, i.e. P(II)
35. (a) P ( A Ç B ') = P( A) - P ( A Ç B) = 0.20 = 0.2
Also, P ( A 'Ç B) = P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B) = 0.15 \ P( I ) = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7
Þ P ( A) + P ( B ) - 2 P ( A - B ) = 0.35 \ The required probability
Now, P ( A 'Ç B ') = 1 - P ( A È B ) = P ( I Ç II ) = P( I ).P( II ) = 0.7 × 0.2 = 0.14
Þ 0.1 = 1 - P( A) - P( B) + P( A Ç B ) 41. (b) The probability of hitting the target 5th time
at the 10th throw = P(the probability of hitting
Þ P ( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B ) = 0.9 the target 4 times in the first 9 throws) × (the
Þ P ( A Ç B) = 0.9 - 0.35 = 0.55 and probability of hitting the target at the 10th throw)
Probability–II 449
Hence probability of more probable of the two
é æ 1 ö æ 1 ö ùæ 1 ö 9! æ 1 ö
4 5 10
63
9
= ê C 4 ç ÷ ç ÷ ú ç ÷ = ´ ç ÷ = 9 4
êë 2 2
è ø è ø úûè ø 2 4!5! 2
è ø 2 events =
7
44. (c) The probability that the door is opened in
42. (b) Probability of all the letters kept in the right
envelope is 9 8 7 6 1 1
the fifth trial = ´ ´ ´ ´ =
10 9 8 7 6 10
1 1
(Q Total letters = n) i.e., P = æ A ö P(A Ç B)
n! n! 45. (c) Pç ÷ =
We know, if q is the term used for the probability è Bø P(B)
of the letters which are not kept in the right
envelope. P(A È B) 1 - P(A È B)
= =
P(B) P(B)
1
Then p + q = 1 Þ q = 1 – p = 1 - . 46. (d) In binomial distribution,
n!
43. (a) Let the probability of occurrence of first 1
mean = np = 10, variance = npq = 5\ p = q =
event A, be ‘a’ 2
i..e., P(A) = a Let x be the mode, then np + p > x > np - q
\ P(not A) = 1 – a
1 1 21 19
And also suppose that probability of occurrence \10 + > x > 10 - Þ >x>
of second event B, P(B) = b, \ P(not B) = 1 – b 2 2 2 2
Þ 9.5 < x < 10.5 Þ x = 10.
26
Now, P(A and not B) + P(not A and B) = 47. (b) In a box, B1 = 1R, 2W; B2 = 2R, 3W and B3
49
26 = 3R, 4W
Þ P(A) × P(not B) + P(not A) × P(B) =
49 1 1
Also, given that, P(B1 )= , P(B2 ) =
26 2 3
Þ a + b – 2ab = ...(i)
49 1
and P(B3 )=
15 6
And P(not A and not B) =
49 æB ö
\ Pç 2 ÷
15 è Rø
Þ P (not A) × P(not B) =
49 æ Rö
P(B2 )P ç ÷
15 34 è B2 ø
Þ 1 – b – a + ab = Þ a + b – ab = =
49 49 æRö æ Rö æ Rö
P(B1 )P ç ÷ +P(B2 )P ç ÷ +P(B3 )P ç ÷
...(ii) è B1 ø è B2 ø è B3 ø
42
From (i) and (ii), a + b = ...(iii) 1 2 2
49 ´
3 5 15 14
8 = = = .
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 39
and ab = ´ + ´ + ´ + +
49 2 3 3 5 6 7 6 15 14
(a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab 48. (a) Probability of getting a composite number
42 42 4 ´ 8 196 is 2/6 = 1/3
= ´ - = Probability that A will win the game is
49 49 49 2401
14 æ 2 ö æ 1ö æ 2 ö æ 2 ö æ 2 ö æ 2 ö æ 1 ö
\ a–b= ...(iv) çè 3 ÷ø çè 3÷ø + çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø
49
4 2 æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 1ö
From (iii) and (iv), a = , b= + ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ +¼.
7 7 è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3ø
 EBD_7588
450 Mathematics Objective MCQs

1 2 1 1 1 5
3 æ 1 27 ö 9 = × + × = .
= = ´ = 3 6 3 2 18
8 çè 3 19 ÷ø 19
1- So, that odds against winning of A are 13 : 5.
27 50. (a) Probability that at least one shot hits the
Probability that B will win the game is
plane
æ 2 ö æ 1ö æ 2 ö æ 2 ö æ 2 ö æ 2 ö æ 1 ö = 1 – P (none of the shot hits the plane)
çè 3 ÷ø çè 3÷ø + çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø
= 1 – 0.6 × 0.7 × 0.8 × 0.9
æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 1ö = 1 – 0.3024 = 0.6976.
+ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ +¼. 51. (c) Let n be the number of tosses and X the
è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3ø
number of times heads occurs. Then X ~ B (n, p),
2 with p = 1/2. Therefore, since P(X = 7) = P(X = 9),
9 æ 2 27 ö 6 we have
= =ç ´ ÷ =
8 è 9 19 ø 19
1- 7
æ1ö æ1ö
n -7 9
æ1ö æ1ö
n -9
æ1ö
n
æ1ö
n
27 n n n
C7 ç ÷ ç ÷ = n C9 ç ÷ ç ÷ Þ C 7 ç 2 ÷ = C9 ç 2 ÷
Probability that C will win the game is è2ø è2ø è 2ø è 2ø è ø è ø
That is, nC7 = nC9 = nCn–9, yielding 7 = n – 9 or n
æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 1ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 1ö
çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø + çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø = 16. Hence
16 16
æ1ö æ 16 ´ 15 ö æ 1 ö 15
æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 2ö æ 1ö P (X = 2) = 16 C 2 ç ÷ =ç ÷ç ÷ =
+ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ + ... è 2ø è 2 øè 2 ø 213
è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3ø
æ Aö 1
4 52. (c) We have, P ( A) = P ç ÷ = . This shows
è Bø 4
æ 4 27 ö 4
= 27 = ç ´ ÷ = that A and B are independent events.
8 è 27 19 ø 19
1-
27 æBö 1
So, P ( B ) = P ç ÷ =
So required ratio is 9 : 6 : 4. è Aø 2
49. (c) Let E = the event that horse A wins
E1 = the event that jockey B rides horse A æ Aö 1 æ Aö 1 3
E2 = the event that jockey C rides horse A Now, P ç ÷ = Þ Pç ÷ = 1 - = .
èBø 4 èBø 4 4
According to question odds in favour of E1 = 2 : 1
53. (d) Let X ~ B(100, p) be the number of coins
2
\ P ( E1 ) = showing heads, and let q = 1 – p. Then, since P(X
3 = 51) = P(X=50), we have
æEö 1 100
C 51(p 51)(q 49 ) = 100C 50 (p 50 )(q 50 )
and P ç ÷ = (Since, when B rides A, all six
è E1 ø 6
p æ 100! öæ 51!49! ö
horses are equally likely to win) Þ =ç ÷ç ÷
q è 50!50! øè 100! ø
2 1
P ( E2 ) = 1 - P ( E1 ) = 1 -
=
3 3 p 51 51
æ E ö æ Eö 1 Þ 1 - p = 50 Þ 50p = 51 – 51p Þ p =
101
and P ç ÷ = 3P ç ÷ =
è E2 ø è E1 ø 2 54. (a) P (2 white and 1 black)
Let A1 = E1 Ç E and A2 = E2 Ç E = P (W1 W2 B3 or W1 B2 W3 or B1 W2 W3)
Now, required probability = P (W1 W2 B3) + P(W1 B2 W3) + P( B1 W2 W3)
P ( E ) = P ( A1 ) + P ( A2 ) = P(W1)P(W2) P(B3) + P(W1) P(B2) P(W3) +
= P ( E1 Ç E ) + P ( E1 Ç E ) P(W1)(W2)(W3)
æEö æ E ö 3 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 13
= P ( E1 ) P ç ÷ + P ( E2 ) P ç ÷ = . . + . . + . . = (9 + 3 + 1) =
è E1 ø è E2 ø 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 32 32
Probability–II 451
55. (a) Let P(A) = probability that a randomly 59. (d) Given P(A) + P(B) – P(A) P(B) = P(A È B)
selected student likes chocolate = 0.5 Comparing with P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B) = P(A È B)
Let P(B) = probability that a randomly selected we get P(A Ç B) = P(A).P(B)
student likes cake = 0.3 Then P(A Ç B) = 0.1 \ A and B independent events.
Now we have to find P(A/B) = P(A Ç B)/P(B)= 1
0.1/0.3 = 1/3 60. (a) Putting n = 99 and p = ,we have (n + 1)p
56. (d) 2
8 2 9 1 10 1
æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö =(100)( ) = 50
p ( X ³ 8) = 10C8 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 10C9 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 10C10 ç ÷ 2
è ø è ø
2 2 è ø è ø
2 2 è2ø
so that the maximum value of P(X = r) occurs at
10 r = (n + 1)
æ1ö 56 7
= ç ÷ [10 C2 + 10C1 + 10C0 ] = 7
= . p = 50 and at r = (n + 1)p–1 = 49
è2ø 8´2 128
61. (a) E1 : coin is fair, E2 : coin is biased, A second
57. (d) Let Ai ( i = 2, 3, 4, 5) be the event that urn toss shows tail.
contains 2, 3, 4, 5 white balls and let B be the
P ( A / E1 ) P( E1 )
event that two white balls have been drawn then P ( E1 / A) =
we have to find P (A5/B). P ( A / E1 ) P ( E1 ) + P ( A / E1 ) P ( E2 )
Since the four events A2, A3, A4 and A5 are
m 1 1
equally likely we have P (A2) = P (A3) = P (A4) × ×
= N 2 2 9m
1 m 1 1 N -m 2 1 =
= P(A5) = . × × + × × 8 N +m
4 N 2 2 N 3 3
P(B/A2) is probability of event that the urn 62. (a) Let A denote the event that the person has TB
contains 2 white balls and both have been drawn.
Let B denote the event that the person has not TB.
2
C2 1 Let E denote the event that the person is
\ P( B / A 2 ) = =
5 10 diagnosed to have TB.
C2
3 1 999
C2 3 \ P(A) = , P(B) =
Similarly P(B / A 3 ) = 5
= , 1000 1000
C2 10
4 5 æ Eö æ Eö
C2 3 C2 P ç ÷ = 0.99, P ç ÷ = 0.001
P( B / A 4 ) = = P( B / A 5 ) = = 1. è Aø è Bø
5 5 , 5
C2 C2 The required probability is given by
By Baye’s theorem,
æ Eö
P ( A) ´ ç ÷
æ Aö è Aø
P(A 5 ) P(B / A 5 ) Pç ÷ =
P(A 5 / B) = è Eø æ Eö æ Eö
(P(A 2 )P(B / A 2 ) + P(A3 )P(B / A 3) P ( A ) ´ P ç ÷ + P ( B) ´ P ç ÷
è Aø è Bø
+ P(A 4 )(B / A 4 ) + P(A 5 )P(B / A 5 ))
1
´ 0.99
1 1000 110
.1 = =
4 10 1 1 999 221
= = = . ´ 0.99 + ´ 0.001
1 é1 3 3 ù 20 2 1000 1000
+ + + 1
4 êë10 10 5 úû 250 1
58. (c) If p and q be probabilities that a thing 63. (c) Here number of erros per page = =
500 2
goes to a man and woman repestively, then
1
1 m and n = 2 \l = np = 2 ´ =1
p= , q= 2
1+ m 1+ m and probability of no error
Now, given probability
e -1 ´ (1)0
n n -1 n n -3 3 n n -1 5 P ( X = 0) = = e-1
= C1q p + C3q p + C5q p + ............ 0!
 EBD_7588
452 Mathematics Objective MCQs
Case (ii) The number that came out is not a prime
1 1 1
64. (a) P(E1) = , P (E2) = and P (E3) = ; and Abhay is not speaking truth, probability for
2 3 4 this case is P(P¢) × P(T¢) = 0.5 × 0.4 = 0.2.
_ _ _ So total probability for the given case is 0.3 + 0.2
P ( E1UE2UE3 ) = 1 - P ( E1 ) P ( E 2 ) P ( E 3 ) = 0.5.
New sample space is 0.5 and we have to find the
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö 3 probability of case (i) which is 0.3/0.5 = 0.6.
= 1 - ç1 - ÷ ç 1 - ÷ ç1 - ÷ = 68. (b) S = { HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT,
è 2 ø è 3ø è 4ø 4
TTH, TTT }
65. (d) A and B will agree in a certain statement if E = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH}; F = {HHH, HHT,
both speak truth or both tell a lie. We define HTH, HTT}
following events E Ç F = {HHH, HHT, HTH}; n(E Ç F) = 3, n(F) = 4
E1 = A and B both speak truth Þ P(E1) = xy
E2 = A and B both tell a lie æ Eö n(E Ç F) 3
\ Reqd prob. = P çè ÷ø = =
Þ P (E2) = (1 – x ) (1 – y) F n(F) 4
E = A and B agree in a certain statement 69. (b) As 0.4 + 0.6 = 1, the man either takes a step
Clearly, P(E / E1 ) = 1 and P(E / E 2 ) = 1 forward or a step backward. Let a step forward
be a success and a step backward be a failure.
The required probability is P(E1 / E ) . Using Then, the probability of success in one step = p
Baye’s theorem 2
= 0.4 =
P(E1 )P(E / E1 ) 5
P(E1 / E ) = The probability of failure in one step
P(E1 )P(E / E1 ) + P(E 2 )P(E / E 2 )
3
xy.1 xy = q = 0.6 = .
= = 5
xy.1 + (1 – x )(1 – y ).1 1 – x – y + 2 xy
In 11 steps he will be one step away from the
66. (c) Let E1 denote the event "a coin with head starting point if the numbers of successes and
on both sides is selected" and E2 denotes the failures differ by 1.
event " a fair coin is selected". Let A be the event So, the number of successes = 6 The number of
" he toss, results in heads". failures = 5
or the number of successes = 5, The number of
1 n failures = 6
\ P(E1 ) = , P(E 2 ) = and
n +1 n +1 \ the required probability
æAö æ A ö 1 = 11 C 6 p 6 q 5 + 11C5 p 5 q 6
P ç ÷ =1 , P ç ÷=
E
è 1ø è E2 ø 2 6 5 5 6
11 æ2ö æ3ö æ2ö æ3ö
= C 6 ç ÷ .ç ÷ + 11C 5 ç ÷ .ç ÷
æAö æ A ö è5ø è5ø è5ø è5ø
\ P(A) = P(E1 )P ç ÷ + P(E 2 )P ç ÷ 5
è E1 ø è E2 ø æ 6 ö
= 462 ´ ç ÷
7 1 n 1 è 25 ø
Þ = ´ 1+ ´ Þ n=5 70. (d) Let E : ‘face 1 comes up’ and F: ‘face 1 or 2
12 n + 1 n +1 2
comes up’
67. (c) There are two cases when Abhay will say ‘Yes’:
Case (i) The number that came out is a prime Þ EÇF = E (Q E Ì F)
and Abhay is speaking truth, probability for this
\ P(E) = 0.10 and P(F) = P(1) + P(2) = 0.10 + 0.32
case is P(P) × P(T) = 0.42
Here P(P) = probability of getting a prime = 3/6
Hence, required probability
= 1/2 = 0.5
P(T) is probability that Abhay is speaking truth P ( E Ç F) P (E) 0.10 5
= P ( E / F) = = = =
and P(T) = 0.6 P ( F) P ( F) 0.42 21
So probability for this case is 0.5 × 0.6 = 0.3.
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