A

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
ON
READY MIX CONCRETE
GOALPARA POLYTECHNIC, GOALPARA ASSAM

Submitted by-

Guided By:
Parishmita Talukdar
(Civil Engineering Department Part-Time Lecturer Goalpara Polytechnic)

CIVILENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
GOALPARA POLYTECHNIC, GOALPARA, ASSAM
 ABSTRACT

Bubble deck slab is a method of virtually eliminating all concrete from the
middle of a floor slab, which is not performing any structural function, thereby
dramatically reducing structural dead weight.

It has a high density polyethylene hollow spheres replace the in- effective
concrete in the centre of the slab, thus decreasing the dead weight and
increasing the efficiency of the floor. By introducing the gaps leads to a 30 to
50% lighter slab which reduces the loads on the columns, walls and
foundations, and of course of the entire building. The advantages are less energy
consumption - both in production, transport and carrying out, less emission -
exhaust gases from production and transport, especially Co2.
 CERTIFICATE OF HEAD OF DEPARTMENT (H.O.D.)

The project report on “BUBBLE DECK SLAB” has been prepared and submitted by
MOKIBUL ISLAM (GOA/19/CV/018), SOFIURRAHMAN (GOA/19/CV/019),
MAHMUDUL HASSAN (GOA/19/CV/020), AFREEN AHMED (GOA/19/CV/023) UMME
HABIBA (GOA/19/CV/025), ANUP KALITA (GOA/19/CV/026). They are student of
5thsemester; Civil Engineering Department of Goalpara Polytechnic and this project has
carried as a partial fulfilment of requirement of diploma course in Civil Engineering.

Name of H.O.D.

Place: Ratan Kumar Ghosh

Date: H.O.D. of Civil

Department at

Goalpara Polytechnic

Goalpara

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GOALPARA POLYTECHNIC, GOALPARA

ASSAM, PIN:783121

CERTIFICATE OF HEAD OF EXAMINAR

The mini project report on “BUBBLE DECK SLAB” has been prepared and submitted by
MOKIBUL ISLAM (GOA/19/CV/018), SOFIUR RAHMAN (GOA/19/CV/019),
MAHMUDUL HASSAN (GOA/19/CV/020), AFREEN AHMED (GOA/19/CV/023) UMME
HABIBA (GOA/19/CV/025), ANUP KALITA (GOA/19/CV/026).They are students of
5thsemester; Civil Engineering Departments of Goalpara Polytechnic and they have
completed their work with best of their knowledge.

I wish best of luck for their bright future.

Date: Name of the examiner:

Place: Signature of the examiner:

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GOALPARA POLYTECHNIC, GOALPARA

ASSAM, PIN:783121

CANDIDATE DECLARATION

We MOKIBUL ISLAM (GOA/19/CV/018), SOFIUR RAHMAN (GOA/19/CV/019),

MAHMUDUL HASSAN (GOA/19/CV/020), AFREEN AHMED (GOA/19/CV/023) UMME
HABIBA (GOA/19/CV/025), ANUP KALITA (GOA/19/CV/026).declared that the work
presented in this report entitled “BUBBLE DECK SLAB” submitted in the department of
Civil Engineering at Goalpara Polytechnic, Goalpara, is an authentic record of my own work
and has not been submitted by me for any other Degree/Diploma.

Place:

Date:

NAME ROLL NO SIGNATURE

MOKIBUL ISLAM GOA/19/CV/018

SOFIUR RAHMAN GOA/19/CV/019

MAHMUDUL HASSAN GOA/19/CV/020

AFREEN AHMED GOA/19/CV/023

UMME HABIBA GOA/19/CV/025

ANUP KALITA GOA/19/CV/026

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GOALPARA POLYTECHNIC, GOALPARA

ASSAM, PIN:783121
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the very beginning, we would like to express our sincere thanks and gratitude to our
H.O.D. Ratan Kumar Ghosh (H.O.D) for his encouragement during the project. We also like
to express sincere gratitude to our project guide Parishmita Talukdar for giving us proper
information regarding the project.

We are also like to thankful to all other working staff of Civil Engineering Department.

Submitted by-

MOKIBUL ISLAM GOA/19/CV/018 5thSEMESTER, CIVIL

SOFIUR RAHMAN GOA/19/CV/019 5th SEMESTER, CIVIL

MAHMUDUL HASSAN GOA/19/CV/020 5th SEMESTER, CIVIL

AFREEN AHMED GOA/19/CV/023 5th SEMESTER, CIVIL

UMME HABIBA GOA/19/CV/025 5th SEMESTER, CIVIL

ANUP KALITA GOA/19/CV/026 5th SEMESTER, CIVIL

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GOALPARA POLYTECHNIC, GOALPARA

ASSAM, PIN:783121
 CONTENT

CHAPTER PAGE NO

 Introduction

 Types of Bubble deck slab

 Materials used in Bubble deck slab

 Installation

 Advantages

 Disadvantages

 Scope of future use

 Conclusion

 Reference
 INTRODUCTION

BUBBLE deck slab is a biaxial hollow core slab invented in Denmark. It is a

method of virtually eliminating all concrete from the middle of a floor slab not
performing any structural function thereby dramatically reducing structural dead
weight. • Bubble deck slab is based on a new patented technique which involves
the direct way of linking air and steel. • Void forms in the middle of a flat slab
by means of plastic spheres eliminate 30%-50%of a slab's self-weight removing
constraints of high dead loads and short spans Its flexible layout easily adapts to
irregular and curved plan configurations. • The system allows for the realization
of longer spans, more rapid and less expensive erection, as well as the
elimination of down-stand beams. • The Bubble deck slab floor system can be
used for storey floors, roof floors and ground floor slabs.
 Types of Bubble Deck Slab

1.Type A – Filigree Elements

Bubble deck Type A is a combination of constructed and unconstructed

elements. A 60 mm thick concrete layer and part of the finished depth are
precast and brought on-site with the bubbles and steel reinforcement unattached.

Fig 2: Type A – Filigree Elements

The bubbles are then supported by temporary stands on top of the precast layer
and held in place by interconnected steel mesh. This type of bubble deck is
optimal for new construction projects where the designer can determine the
bubble positions and steel mesh layout.

2. Type B – Reinforcement Modules

The bubble deck Type B is a reinforcement module that consists of a pre-

assembled steel mesh and plastic bubbles. These components are brought to the
site, laid on traditional formwork, connected with any additional reinforcement,
and then concreted in place by traditiona

Fig 3: TypeB – Reinforcement Modules

This category of Bubble Deck is optimal for construction areas with tight spaces
since these modules can be stacked on top of one another for storage until
needed.

3. Type C – Finished Planks

The bubble deck Type C is a shop-fabricated module that includes the plastic
spheres, reinforcement mesh, and concrete in its finished form. The module is
manufactured to the final depth in the form of a plank and is delivered on-site.

Fig 4: Type C – Finished Planks

Unlike Type A and B, it is a one-way spanning design that requires the use of
support beams or load-bearing walls. This class of Bubble Deck is best for
shorter spans and a limited construction schedule.
 Material and its Specifications used in Bubble Deck Slab

1. Concrete
The concrete used for joint filling in the Bubble Deck floor system must be
above M20-25 grade. The nominal maximum size of the aggregate is the
function of the thickness of the slab.

Usually, self-compacting concrete is used, either for the casting of prefabricated

filigree slab or for the joint filling on the site. Self-compacting concrete can be
poured into forms, flow around congested areas of reinforcement and into tight
sections, allow air to escape and resist segregation.

2. Reinforcement Bars
The reinforcement of the plates is made of two meshes, one at the bottom part
and one at the upper part that can be tied or welded. The steel is fabricated in
two forms, the meshed layers for lateral support and diagonal girders for
vertical support of the bubbles.

The distance between the bars is corresponding to the dimensions of the bubbles
that are to be used and the quantity of reinforcement from transverse ribs of the
slab. Grade Fe-500 strength or higher is used.

3. Hollow Bubbles
The bubbles are made using high-density polypropylene materials. These are
usually made with a non-porous material that does not react chemically with the
concrete or reinforcement bars.
 Fig 5: Bubbles used in the Bubble Deck slab.

The bubbles have enough strength and stiffness to support between 180mm to
450mm. Depending on this, the slab depth is 230mm to 600mm. The distance
between bubbles must be greater than 1/9th of bubble diameter.

The nominal diameter of the gaps maybe 180, 225, 270, 315 or 360 mm. The
bubbles may be of spherical or ellipsoidal in shape.
 Installation of Bubble Deck Slab

1. The overall floor area is divided down into a series of planned individual
elements, up to 3 m wide dependent upon site access.
2. These elements comprise the top and bottom reinforcement mesh, sized to
suit the specific project, joined together with vertical lattice girders with the
void formers trapped between the top and bottom mesh reinforcement to fix
their optimum position which is termed as a bubble-reinforcement sandwich.
3. The bottom layer of 60 mm pre-cast concrete is cast, encasing the bottom
mesh reinforcement, to provide permanent formwork within part of the
overall finished slab depth.
4. On-site the individual elements are then ‘stitched’ together with loose
reinforcement simply laid centrally across the joints between elements.
5. After the site finishing, concrete is poured and cured.
6. This technique provides structural continuity across the entire floor slab –
the joints between elements are then redundant without any structural effect,
to create a seamless biaxial floor slab.
 Advantages of Bubble Deck Slab

1.Superior Statics
Bubble deck slab has a superiority over the conventional slab as it has reduced
weight, increased strength, fewer columns and no beams or ribs under the
ceiling.

2. Production and Carrying Out

The production is of higher quality through the automated production of
prefabricated units. Minimum work at the site removes the possibility of errors
and lightweight of the slab helps in easier erection with light and cheap lifting
equipment.

3. Transportation
The transportation of materials is reduced considerably. Thus, lower costs, and
environmental improvement.

4. Economic Savings
The major savings are found in materials (slabs, pillars, fundaments) up to 50
%. Due to its lightweight, transportation costs are heavily reduced.

5. Safety
The bubble deck slab is fireproof and the safety against earthquake is
significantly benefited Fire – Fireproof construction alone from the weight
reduction.

6. Environmental Improvement
With the use of the bubble, 1 kg of plastic replaces more than 100 kg of
concrete. Energy consumption for production, transport and carrying out is very
less. Thus, less emission of CO2.
7. Explosions Safe
Bubble Deck’s biaxial flat slab system and columns are ideal for structures with
high resistance against explosions. To get rid of heavy facades and rigid walls,
suppressing air pressure which in the worst case leads to the collapse of the
structure.

Sscope of future use

 Used for constructing all types of building especially sky scrapers. Best for
larger span halls like theatres and auditoriums.Pedestrian bridge decks.Used in
parking areas as less number of columns are required.

Conclusion

Weight reduction is 50% compared to solid. The bubble deck technology is

environmentally green and sustainable; avoiding the cement production allows
reducing global Co2 emissions. In comparative of conventional slab the volume
of concrete in bubble deck (continuous) are less required, that is 25%
approximate. Cost and time saving by using bubbles in the slab like weight of
slab, concrete volume indirectly load on the beam and walls also decrease/ less
so that building foundations can be designed for smaller dead loads.