1.4 TYPES OF EARTHING : The various methods of earthing are as follows : 1. Rod Earthing 2. Strip or Wire Earthing 3. Pipe Earthing 4. Plate Earthing ——9 SRecifications & Earthing 1. Rod Earthing earths excavation. It is suite : eed the his method of earthing is the simple, cheap and does not n . i dition or sandy. ‘able for the areas which are having loose soil con In this : ia, Copper rod System of earthing a 16 mm dia, GI solid rod (or 12.5 ah cline asta or 25 mm GI pipe) of length not less than 2.5 m driven vertically into the grou! th ‘ to reduce the eartl or by ahammer. Some times it may be necessary to drive more than one rod Tesistance to desired value. . ip or wire is used 2. Strip or Wire Earthing : In this method of earthing - RE etd soil is rocky as earthing electrode, This type of earthing is preferred at p! a places. with a earth bed over it, because the excavation is difficult at su : ? GI wire or 3 mm* In this system 25 x 4mm G.L. strip or 25 * 1.6 tam copper strip or Sami lepnteee Copper wire) is buried in horizontal trenches of minimum dept otal hover be strip or wire depends upon the requirement of earth resistance. ¢ strip/ wire laid not less than 15m. Some times it may be necessary to use more than one strip in parallel or radial trenches. STRIPWIRE EARTH BED Fig. 1.3 Strip or Wire Earthing 3. Pipe Earthing : In this method of earthing, Pee Perforated " i i up ri . Fics ic cucoumered sta doth ot es iba'.5 te clerods any be Weted tated ee ed 7 re incliciion should not be more than 30° from the vertical. The pipe is surrounded the pilaet deed of charcoal and salt in alternate layers of about 15cm around the pipe is ie an desea the earth resistance as shown in Fig. 1.4. Another pipe of 19 mm dia and length fae 7 is connected to the buried pipe through reducing socket. At the top of the 19 mmm pipe a funnel is fited and is fastened in a cement conerete work, For effective earthing water should be poured, 2to 4 buckets now and then through funnel particularly in summon The earthwire (either GI wire or pipe) is carried in a Gl pipe of 12.7 mm diameter at a depth of 60 cm from the ground level. If it is necessary to reduce the depth of burial of an electrode under unavoidable circumstances, this can be done without increasing the earth resistance. It is achieved by using a number of electrodes connecting them together. The distance between two electrodes in such case should not less than twice the length of the electrode A cast iron cover is hin, ged in a small. facilitate its identification and ee P of the earthing to Periodical checking, etc,10 6.3mm C.l. COVER HINGED M.S. ROD. TO C.I. FRAME CEMENT CONCRETE 3 — a 5 tom at | oy ¢ 47s 1257] FUNNEL —} cm 006 0%, aoe g 60 cm ( 1.25 m (min) 19mm 6 6.1 PIPE 38 mm x 19 mm REDUCING SOCKET 00 000 ectod CHAR COAL LAYER 0) Lt 38 mm 6 G.I. PIPE bet sat Laver KOT avternare vavers ‘OF CHARCOAL OR COKE & SALT erWhen resistance of one plate earthing is higher than the Tequired value more than one plates should be earthed and connected together. C.l, COVER HINGED. TO C.l. FRAME Gl. FRAME 6.30 mm M.S. ROD CEMENT CONCRETE 1.5. M (min) 60x60 cm x 6.3 mm G.l. PLATE OR }60* 60 cm x3.15 mm| COPPER PLATE 19 mm 6 G.l. PIPE ‘CHAR COAL 20. em BOLT, NUT, CHECK NUT AND WASHER TO BE OF COPPER FOR COPPER PLATE AND GL. FOR Gi. PLATE