Chapter 1: Civil construction 1

Civil Construction
Civil construction is the creation of infrastructure involving anything to do with water, earth, or
transport. The civil construction industry consists of the individuals and companies involved in the
planning, creation, and designing of our infrastructure. Civil construction truly shapes the world around
us.
It comprises of

• Survey, design and drawing

• Estimating of quantity and cost
• Construction management
• Agreement between contractor, client and consultant
• Detailed working drawing
• Specification of work and construction material

According to purpose construction works can be divided into

• New construction work :Build new Structures
• Repair and maintenance works : Correct the parts of the existing structures
• Rehabilitation works: Replaces or add new parts to the existing structures

The Public procurement act 2063

Construction work means such as site preparation, excavation, erection, building, installation of
equipment or good and decoration etc. associated with the construction, reconstruction, demolition, repair
or renovation of any structure or works and this term includes services incidental to construction work
such as mapping, laboratory testing, satellite photograph and seismic investigation.
Construction of any structure can be executed by the client, or through the help of contract. There are three
types of different contract
 Labor contract
 Labor and material contract
 Turnkey contract
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Labor contract
Client supplies all construction materials, tools and equipment available at site. Contractor makes
available the manpower to execute the construction work.
Labor and material contract
Contractor is responsible to supply the necessary construction materials, tools and manpower.
Contractor gets payment from client for his total expenses plus taxes, contractor overhead cost and profit
as per the agreed rate.
Turnkey contract
Client gets the key of the building or ownership of any structure after it is complete. All Responsible from
the very beginning of the project (planning to the completion of the construction) lies in contractor.

Construction principle
Environmental Protection: Construction work should be environmentally friendly and pollution free.
Safety: Construction work has to be carried out in safety and comfort, with a method that implements the
highest safety criteria.
Speed: Construction work should be completed in the shortest possible period of time.
Economy: Construction work must be done rationally with an inventive mind to overcome all constraints
at the lowest cost.
Aesthetics: Construction work must proceed smoothly and the finished product should portray cultural
and artistic flavor.
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Functionality The structure built should be function or it should be appropriate to give the intended services

The structure should resist the various loads it is supposed to bear. It should be stable for load
Stability
period at least its design period

The materials of each component of the structure need to resistance to the wear and tear. It
Durability
should last long

The design and construction of the structures should be as economical as practical. Minimizing
Cost the cost is very important task. Design and construction with the available budget is also very
important

The project that include construction of both small and large scale need to have initial
Environmental
environmental examination (IEE) and also Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The
Impacts
construction works should avoid ( any adverse effect on the environment.