PART II

STRUCTURES
HAPTER30

VERB PATTERNS
paterT1
Subject+ Verb. S N
This is the simplest Of verb patterns. The subject is followed by an intransitive yerb,
which
expresses complete sense without the help of any other words.
Sublect Verb
Birds fly.
2. Fire burns.
3 The moon is shining.
The baby is crying
Kamala was singing.
The bell has rung.
The sun rose.

Pattern S+V+Sc
Subject+verb+subject complement
complement usually consists of a noun (examples 1& 2), a pronoun (3 4),
& or an
The
adjective (5,6, 7 & 8).

Subject
Subject Verb Complement
This a pen. N
His brother became a soldier.

It 1S me.
mine.7 N
That book is
looks sad.
Gopal
My father grew angry
7. The children kept quiet.
has turned sour.
The milk

Patter3
Subject+ verb + direct object
Verb Direct Object
Subject
his address.
know
has lost his pen.
2. The boy the door.
opened
3. Mohan
broke the jug ?
Who
has bought car.
Mr. Pitt
must wash yourself.
You
should help the poor.
We

267
268
HIGHSCHOOL ENGLISH COMPOSITION

Patterr
direct object
Subject+ verb + indirect object+
Indirect Direct
Subject Verb Object
Object
her my pen.
1. lent
homework.
US
The teacher gave
the money.
We have paid him
the whole story.
4. told Js
The old man the truth.
must tell the police
5. You
have bought mysister a watch.
6.
us any.
He didn't leave
your hands.
Show me
L
Pattern 5
+ prepositional object
Subject+ verb + direct object+ preposition
Prepo Propositlonal
Subject Vers Diroct
Qbject altion object
to a friend of mine.
lent my pen
all of us.
2. The teacher gave homework
to the proprietor."
3. We have paid the money
to everybody in the village.
the news
4 He told
me (not to you).
the money to
5. He promised
my sister.
a watch for
6. have bought
hiscar
a man from Mumbai.
7. Mr. Raman sold
coffee all of us.
8. She made

and in Pattern 5. Pattern 5 is preferrerd

Many verbs can be used both in Pattern 4
when the direct object is less important or when the indirect object is longerthan the direct

object.
Pattern 6
Subject+ verb + noun/pronoun + adjective
Noun Adjoctive
Sulject Vera
Pronoun

1. The boy pushed the door open.

2. Thesmith beat t flat.
3. She washed the plates clean.
4. The thief broke the safe open.
5. He turned the lamp ow.

6 You have made your shirt dirty.

like my coffee strong.
We found the trunk empty.

In examples 1-6, the adjective denotes a state that results from the action expressed
by the verb. In the last two examples the noun and the adjective combine to be the object or
the verb.
Verbs used in this pattern include get, keep, beat, drive, make, paint, leave, turn, tino,
like, wish.
VERDPATTERNS

269
Pattern7

ct +
Subject verb +
preposition+ prepositional object.
Subject Verb
We are waiting
Prepositlon Prepositional Objec
for
Suresh.
He agreed
our proposal.
You can't count on
These books his help.
belong
His uncle me.
met
with an accident.
She complained of his rudeness.
He failed
his attempt.

P a t t e r n 8

Subject+ verb + to-infinitive (as object of the

verb)
Subject Verb
to-infinltive, etc.
(object of the verb)
She wants
toggo.
forgot to
post the letter.
He fears to
They intend
speak in public.
to
Ramesh
postpone the trip.
proposes to go into business.
We would like to visit the
hoped to
museum._
He
get a first class.
decided not to go
there.
The commonest verbs used in this pattern are: like, love, prefer, begin, start, agree,
try attempt, choose, continue, intend, propose, desire, wish, want, hate, dislike, hope,
expect. promise, refuse, fear, remember, forget, offer, learn.
Pattern 9
Subject+ verb + nounpronoun + to-infinitive. beeu edtev or
l oeado
Subject Verb Noun to-infinitive, etc. SE meli
Pronoun
would like you tostay.
2. We asked him togo.
He helped me tocarry the box. .
She advised him to study medicine.

The doctor ordered Gopi to stay in bed.

They warned us not to be late.
can't allow you to smoke.
Who taught you to swim ?

The chief verbs used in this pattern include ask, tel, order, command, persuade,
encourage, urge, want, wish, request, intend, expect, force, tempt, teach, invite, help, warn,
iKe, love, hate, allow, permit, remind, cause, mean, dare.
270
HIGH SCHOOL ENGL

HCOMPOSITO
Pattern 10

Subject+ verb + gerund. Gerund, eto.

Verb
Subject singing
began talking.
She has finished borrowing money
2 He
hate seeing him.
mustn't miss
You teaching
loves playing cricket.
Mr Bannerjee
enjoys burning that letter.
My brother
6.
suggest saying that.
Don't keep

verb. The chief

verbs used in thi
this p
include begin, start, love, like, hate,
thestop,
object of the
finish, enjoy preter, 1ear, remember,
onsider,
foroelen
intend
the gerund is
In this pattern advise, admit,
avoid,considernd
understand, keep, help,
suggest, practise, try,
mISs,
delay, deny
Pattern 11

Subject+ verb + noun/pronoun +present participle

Present Participle
Noun/
Subject Verb Pronoun
crossing the bridge.
saw
him

smell something burning.

We walking down the
street.
noticed the boy
. We opening your letters.
caught him
4. She playing cards.
found him
5. They burning.
the fire
6. She kept
(Please) start the clock going.
include see, hear, smell, feel, watch, notice, find
The verbs used in this pattern
leave, set, start.
observe, listen, get, catch, keep,
Pattern 12
infinitive
Subject+ verb + noun/pronoun plain
+

Subject Verb Noun Plain infinitive

Pronoun
saw him goout.
2. She watched him steal the watch.
3. We heard her sing.
4. The thief felt Someone touch his arm.
5. Let me go.
6. We made Tom behave well.
He bade them leave the house.

The chief verbs used in this pattern are : see, watch, notice, observe, hear,listen, fee
make, let, help, bid.
VERB PATTERNS

271
Pattern 13

Subject+verb noun/pronoun past participle.

+
+

Subject Verb Noun/ Past Participle

Pronoun

heard y name
want
called
this letter typed.
She felt herself ifted up
You
should get that tooth pulled out.
He had his suit cleaned.
We
found the house deserted.

The verbs Used in thiS pattern are: see, hear, find, feel., want, wish, like, make,
get, have prelc
Pattern 14

Subject+ Vverb + noun/pronoun+ (to be +)

complement
The complement may be an adjective,
adjective or noun. phrase
Subject Verb
Noun/ (to be +)
Pronoun Complement
1 consider the plan (to be) unwise.
2. We thought him (to be) foolish.
People Supposed him (to be) a patriot.
They reported Robert (to be) a reliable person.
5. The court appointed her guardian of the orphan child.
6. The club chose Mr Sunder trreasurer.
She called him a fool.

The chief verbs used in this pattern

nominate, crown, christen.
are: appoint, choose, elect, make, call, name,

Pattern 15
Subject+ verb + that-clause (object of the verb)
Subject Verb that-clause (object of the verb)
Suppose (that) he is not at home.
2. expect (that) it will rain.
3. We hoped (that) you would succeed.
4. He says that) he has met your uncle.
5. The teacher said he wasvery busy.
6. Padma suggested that we should go to the park.
7. He admitted that he had written the letter.
8 They that they had not been fairly
complained
treated.
That is often
omitted, especially after say, think, suppose, hope, expect.
Among the important verbs used in this pattern are say, think, suppose, imagine,
KnOw, believe, admit, confess, declare, suggest, complain, hope, expect, fear, feel, hear,
nend, notice, propose, show, understand, wonder.
272- HIGH SCH00L ENGLISH COMD

Pattern 16 MPOSIT O
+ that-clause.
Subject+ verb + nounpronoun
that-cluase

Subject| Verb Noun

Pronoun

(that) he was coming

on Sunday,
He told me were pickpockets in
that there
warned him
the crowd.
that she is ready help.
to
She has assured me be here at five.
that he would
Venu promised us this afternoon,
that we are leaving
We have informed him do the work well.
that he could
me
He satisfied

are tell, intorm, promise, warn, remin

emind, teach
Tne chief verbs used in this pattern
assure, satisfy

Pattern 17 6
Cause
Subject+ verb + interrogative +
Interrogative+clause
Subject Verb
where he was going.
asked
arrive.
when he wll
2. Nobody knows
what he wants.
wonder
how annoyed she
was.

She showed
next.
what he should do
Tom could not
.
decide
behaved like that.
can't imagine why she has
Find out when the train is due.

this pattern are say, ask, wonder,

know, believe, imaaina
The important verbs used in tell (especially in the inter.
reveal, find out, suggest,
decide, discuss, understand, show,
rogative and negative).

Pattern 18
+ interrogative + clause
Subject+ verb + noun/pronoun
Noun/ Interrogative + clause
Subject Verb
Pronoun
asked me when you had gone.
She
Tell us what it is.
2.
them how they should do it.
3 showed
what I should do.
(Please) me

advise
where I should turn off
5. (Please) me

inform the road.

6. Can you tell me where he lives?

The chief verbs used in this pattern are tell, ask, show, teach, advise, intorm.
 TION TAGS, SHORT ANSWERS, ETC.
QUESTIC

273
Pattern 119
pa Subject + verb +
interrogative +
to-infinitive
Subjet Verb
1.
interrogative + to-infinitive, ete
2 don't kno how to do it
Wonder where to spend the weekend.
3. She
knows how to drive a car.
4. He
5. Tom forgot when to turn.
6.
couldn't decide what to do next.
We
must find out where to put it.
7.
Remember how to do it.
ne commonest verbs used in this pattern are know, understand, wonder, rememDel,
forger, deCIde, settie, find out, enquire, see, explain, guess, learn, consIder.
Pattern 20
Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + interrogaive*
to-infinitive.
Subject Verb Noun/ Interrogaive+ to-infinitive
Pronoun
1. shall show you how to operate it.
2. He has taught
3.
me
how to play chess.
They informed Us where to turn off the road.
4 (Please) what to do.
ge
advise
5. (Please) us how to get there.
tell
6 We asked him where to get tickets.

The chief verbs used in this pattern are those illustrated in the table.
Exercise 126. Make up five sentences on each of the patterDs. (Do not copy the
examples given in the tables.)