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Final Ma. Edylyn L. Noguerra-UNIFIED-LEARNING-ACTIVITIES-SHEETS-2
Final Ma. Edylyn L. Noguerra-UNIFIED-LEARNING-ACTIVITIES-SHEETS-2
Final Ma. Edylyn L. Noguerra-UNIFIED-LEARNING-ACTIVITIES-SHEETS-2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Key Concepts:
Absorption in the small intestine happens when nutrients coming from the
digested food are absorbed and transported into the bloodstream. The
capillaries and lacteals present in the villi and microvilli absorb these
nutrients. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that absorb water-soluble
nutrients such as glucose and amino acids. Lacteals are lymphatic vessels
which absorb fatty acids and glycerol. These lymphatic vessels are
responsible for carrying fatty acids, which are not carried normally by blood.
As the building blocks of the nutrients are absorbed and are transported
into the bloodstream, these are built up again as complex substances.
Molecules such as vitamins and minerals do not undergo digestion and are
easily absorbed by the small intestine. The stomach also absorbs some of the
water, minerals, and alcohol. Chyme \’kìm\ is also moved from the small
intestine into the large intestine through peristalsis. The large intestine
absorbs most of the water and some vitamins.
There are different diseases starting from the mouth, down to the
gastrointestinal tract of the digestive system.
Tooth decay or cavity is a common disease of teeth, especially in children. It
is characterized by the breakdown of teeth specifically on the enamel and
dentin layers.
Another disease in the mouth is gingivitis. It is an early stage of gum disease
characterized by gum inflammation.
A common disease of the digestive system is constipation. It is characterized
by irregular defecation or release of feces.
Another common disease of the digestive system is diarrhea. It is the
opposite of constipation. Diarrhea is characterized by abnormally loose and
wet feces.
Peptic ulcers are holes in the linings of the stomach or upper part of the
small intestine.
Another disease similar to peptic ulcer is gastritis. It is the inflammation of
the mucosa or the protective layer of the stomach.
Peptic ulcers may cause another problem of the digestive system called
indigestion. Indigestion (also called dyspepsia) is the recurring pain or
discomfort in the upper portion of the abdomen
A balanced diet that contains the proper amount of macromolecules and
nutrients necessary for proper body function is important for good digestive
health.
Healthy practices, such as exercise, also helps with digestive health.
Malnutrition comes in two primary forms - protein-energy malnutrition and
micronutrient deficiency.
Activity 1. Digest Me
What to do: Identify the key digestive process involved in each item. Select the
correct
answer inside the box. Write your answer on the space provided before
each number.
______1. Food is
broken down into their building blocks through chemical means.
______2. Fatty acids accumulate within the cells to make fats, proteins, and
polysaccharides.
______3. Food is being swallowed and brought in by the mouth.
______4. Churning is a process of mixing food with digestive juices.
______5. Segmentation helps food to combine with digestive juices to prepare the
food for further degradation.
______6. Swallowing pushes the food from the mouth into the esophagus.
______7. Saliva breaks down carbohydrates within the food.
______8. Food particles are absorbed and transported into the bloodstream.
______9. Movements in the large intestine moving feces into the rectum.
______10. The stomach performs peristalsis by relaxing its upper portion to accept
the food from the esophagus.
What you need: crackers, vinegar, plastic bag, cups, bread, old elastic sock or
stocking, water. Plastic/paper cup, candy (white rabbit)
What to do:
Note: Wash your hands properly before and after performing this activity. After the
activity, throw the wastes materials in the trash.
1. Mouth: chew a piece of cracker for 2 minutes without swallowing it. Record
the changes in texture and taste every minute for 2 minutes in the
worksheet below.
2. Stomach: take a piece of bread and a small cup of water. Place them in a
plastic bag and press gently until the bread is mushed (reduced to smaller
4. Small Intestine: cut one end of the plastic bag. Squeeze the contents of one
of the plastic bags from step 2 into an elastic sock or stocking and tilt until
the contents come out of the other end. Record your observations.
Observation
Time Observation
Taste Texture
0:00
1:00
2:00
OBSERVATION
Table 3. Small and Large Intestine, Observation on the contents of plastic bag.
Observation
Guide Questions:
1. Was it easier or harder to reduce the bread to mush with the smaller or the
larger plastic bag? Why?
2. What do the following terms represent in the digestive process?
a. Plastic bag
b. Elastic sock or stocking
c. Pressing gently the bread
d. Vinegar
e. Water
f. Plastic or Paper cup
3. Compare the procedure (What to do) with the events of the digestive
processes Identify the procedure that represents ingestion, absorption,
assimilation and excretion or egestion.
REFLECTION:
1 2 3 4
Below Needs Successful Exemplary
Criteria Expectation Improvement Performance Performance
0-49% 50-74% 75-99% 100%
CONTENT
Detailed facts Details not Details are Details are Details are
are presented. presented but not presented in an presented in an
presented well. Content organized. There organized organized
Content is not related to is manner. matter
related to the the some content Content is related that can be
task task. that to the task. easily
is not related to understood.
the Content is
task. related
to the task.
Additional
supporting
details
are presented.
Integrating
concepts in
digestive
health.
Subject matter
is
integrated and No concept of The concept of The concept of The concept of
properly digestive health digestive health digestive health digestive health
used in discussed in the was mentioned was properly was integrated
presenting task. but integrated into in
facts. not integrated the an organized
into task. and
the task. logical way.
Books
Cecie Starr et al. Biology, 6th edition. Singapore: Pearson Education South, 2014
Neil Campbell, et al. 2013. Biology, 10th edition. Singapore: Pearson Education
South Asia Pte Ltd.
Today and Tomorrow, 4th edition. Singapore: Cengage Learning Pte Ltd.
Websites:
Kelly Ludwig. Lincoln Way High School. Accessed April 22, 2021 from
http://mypages.iit.edu/~smile/bi9706.html
The Digestion and Absorption Process. Accessed April 22, 2021 from
https://med.libretexts.org
Villi, microvilli, and lacteals. Accessed April 22, 2021 from
https://pt.slideshare.net
Photo Sources:
https://www.coffeecupsandcrayons.com/dissolving-candy-cane-science-experiment/
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nutritioninhumans-150430112503-conversion-gate01/95/
nutrition-in-humans-9-638.jpg?cb=1430393671
https://www.sciencefix.co.uk/2019/05/make-a-digestive-system-model-using-crackers-and-
bananas/
ANSWER KEY
https://youtu.be/7av19YhNkhE
Activity 1.
1. Digestion 6. Propulsion
2. Assimilation 7. Ingestion
3. Ingestion 8. Absorption
4. Digestion 9. Excretion
5. Digestion 10. Propulsion
Activity 2