[DOCUMENT TITLE]

Table of Contents
Multicast Routing........................................................................................................................................2
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Objectives....................................................................................................................................................3
Requirements...............................................................................................................................................3
Network Topology......................................................................................................................................3
Result and Discussion..................................................................................................................................4
Task 3: configure group membership......................................................................................................4
Task 4: configure multicast routing.........................................................................................................4
Task 5: analysis IGMP packets Using Wireshark try to capture the packets and inspect IGMP and PIM
packets.....................................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................9

DECEMBER 31, 2021

SUBMITTED TO DR. SOSINA MENGISTU
 Multicast Routing
Introduction
The ability of a communication network to accept a single message from an application and to
deliver copies of the message to multiple recipients at different locations.
Multicastroutingenablesahosttosendpacketstoagroupofhosts(receivers). Multicast routing is a
method of transmitting to all subscribers registered in a group by one transmission unlike unicast
routing (i.e. OSPF, RIP) which transmits necessary data. To implement the multicast
routing, IGMP protocol and multicast routing protocol (Reverse-path forwarding, PIM-SM) for
registration subscriber grouping and control traffic are required for multicast transmission.
Regarding IP multicast, it is a technique for one-to-many communication over an IP network. IP
multicast covers some part of common multicast routing protocol. IP multicast also describe IP
multicast software The multicast routing is specific and broad range of protocols for layer-
3 routing protocol for multicast feature .

What is IPv4 multicast?

It is a bandwidth-conserving technology delivering a single stream of information
simultaneously to a large or small number of endpoints within the network. such as video/audio
streaming, Video conferencing, corporate communications, distance learning and software
distribution.
In another meaning, IP multicast routing enables a source host to send packets to a group of
receivers anywhere within the IP network by using a special form of IP address called the IP

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multicast group address. This special multicast group address forms the destination IP address of
the packet.
Simply, multicast (use UDP) is the delivery of single data transmission to group of destinations
on the same time. Source generates single data feed for all interested destinations (recipients) and
does not need to know who they are routers make single forwarding decision for all recipients.

Objectives
To understand and analyze multicast communication in IP network including:

 Group membership protocols (internet group management protocol (IGMP))

 Multicast routing protocols (Protocol independent multicast (PIM))

Requirements
This lab uses the following software tools

 Wireshark to capture and examine the packets

 GNS3 – to create network topology

Network Topology

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Result and Discussion

Task 3: configure group membership

Configure the routers interfaces that are connected to the hosts to join the specified group (232.1.1.1).

Ping the group multicast address 232.1.1.1 from host 1. Did you receive ICMP replies? If not,
explain the reason.
NO, Because the PIM operation is Disable while it doesn’t receive ICMP replies. When you
enable PIM on interface, IGMP version 2 will be enabled automatically by default.

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Simply, host talk to router with IGMP which is enabled automatically once we run PIM, pc
(router) send to router membership report (ask to be member in multicast address group).

Task 4: configure multicast routing

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Ping the group multicast address 232.1.1.1 from host 1. Did you get ICMP replies?
Yes, due to enabling the PIM operation illustrated in the below snap shoot

Try to draw the multicast tree using the information in the routing table

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You can use “Show ip multicast interface” command to display statistics about the multicast traffic
passing through the router

Task 5: analysis IGMP packets Using Wireshark try to capture the packets and inspect IGMP
and PIM packets
IGMP packet

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How can hosts that are interested in receiving the multicast information actually join this
multicast group? Using Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) makes this possible in
IPv4, while the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol makes this possible in IPv6.
IGMP dynamically registers individual hosts in a multicast group on a particular LAN once you
enable PIM protocol. When you enable PIM on interface, IGMP version 2 will be enabled
automatically by default. Simply, host talk to router with IGMP which is enabled automatically
once we run PIM, pc send to router membership report (ask to be member in multicast address
group).

IGMP version 2: introduces the IGMP leave process, group specific queries, and an explicit
maximum response time field; also adds the capability for routers to elect the IGMP queries
without dependence on the multicast protocol to perform this task.
querier election: -if more than one routers on the LAN who sends queries?
tunable timers: -to speed up query response timeouts
group specific queries: -query sent to the group address instead of all multicast hosts
explicit leave: -speeds up convergence if no other hosts are joined to that group

PIM packet

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Used to build Router to Router Communication & to build loop-free "tree" from sender to
receiver.
Simply, used to make router tell other routers he wants specific multicast group.
In PIMv2: - PIM packets are stand-alone packets and no longer embedded in IGMP messages.
PIM v2 packets have support for automated fault tolerant RP discovery and distribution called a
Bootstrap router (BSR).

CONCLUSION
In this lab we trying to understand and analyze multicast communication in IP network including
Group membership protocols (internet group management protocol (IGMP)) and Multicast
routing protocols (Protocol independent multicast (PIM)). One of the key differences between
unicast and multicast is that for unicast routing we only care about where the destination is
located and how to get there. For multicast routing we care about where the source is located.
PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) uses the unicast routing table to check what interface will
be used to reach the source.
PIM will only accept multicast packets on an interface that we use to reach the source. If we
receive multicast packets on an interface that we don’t use to reach the source, we will drop the
multicast packets!