SeeAllData=true annotation ?

Use the @isTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation to grant test classes and individual

test methods access to all data in the organization.

Which Objects can we access without using seeAllData=true?

We use seeAllData = true to get real-time data in test class, but without using
this also you can get the data from following objects.
User, profile, organization, AsyncApexjob, Corntrigger, RecordType, ApexClass,
ApexComponent , ApexPage and custom metadata types.

What is the purpose of seeAllData?

By default test class cannot recognize the existing data in the database.
if you mention @isTest(seeAllData = true) then test class can recognize the
existing data in the database.

See the below examples -

From a List Custom Settings we cannot fetch the existing data without seeAllData =
true in test class.
Suppose you have a custom object called 'CustomObject__c' and it contains many
records, we cannot fetch the existing data without seeAllData = true in test class.
Note: It is not recommended to use seeAllData = true for a test class. Based on the
existing data in database code coverage will impact.